143 lines
11 KiB
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143 lines
11 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380" ID-PMC="PMC6033956" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-102-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67" ID-PubMed="30002597" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1306325" ModsDocID="1314-2003-102-1" checkinTime="1530324112772" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="DeFilipps, Robert A. & Krupnick, Gary A." docDate="2018" docId="56DA0B80CF95573B9EA27A256E2D495F" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 102: 1-341" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 102" docPubDate="2018-06-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380" docTitle="Nerium oleander L. (= Nerium indicum Mill.; Nerium odorum Soland.)" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67" masterDocTitle="The medicinal plants of Myanmar" masterLastPageNumber="341" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1668138950833" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The medicinal plants of Myanmar</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>DeFilipps, Robert A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Deceased</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Krupnick, Gary A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1357-4826</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC- 166, Washington, DC, 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">krupnick@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2018-06-28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>102</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>341</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-102-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1306325</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182396365" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:56DA0B80CF95573B9EA27A256E2D495F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/56DA0B80CF95573B9EA27A256E2D495F" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<taxonomicName LSID="56DA0B80-CF95-573B-9EA2-7A256E2D495F" authority="L. (= Nerium indicum Mill.; Nerium odorum Soland.)" authorityName="L. (= Nerium indicum Mill.; Nerium odorum Soland.)" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Nerium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nerium oleander" order="Gentianales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oleander">Nerium oleander L. (= Nerium indicum Mill.; Nerium odorum Soland.)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="names">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Names.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Myanmar</emphasis>
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:
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">nwei thargi</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">English</emphasis>
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: oleander, rose of Sharon.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="range">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Range.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">From Mediterranean to the Arabian Peninsula, Ethiopia, Niger, Afghanistan, Iran and Iraq to India and central China. Found all over Myanmar; naturalized, also cultivated as an ornamental plant.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="conservation status">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Conservation status.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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Least Concern [LC] (
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<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="African Journal of Traditional, Complementary, and Alternative Medicines" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/" refId="B117" refString="IUCN, 2017. IUCN Red List of threatened species. IUCN, Gland. http://www.iucnredlist.org/" title="IUCN Red List of threatened species. IUCN, Gland." url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/" year="2017">IUCN 2017</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="uses">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Uses.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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This plant is
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">poisonous</emphasis>
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if ingested; it can be applied externally only.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Leaf</emphasis>
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: Powder from pulverized leaves used for ringworm, itchy skin, and other external inflammations; alternatively, the boiled water extract of leaves is used to alleviate inflammation. Liquid from crushed leaves is applied to snakebites to neutralize the
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<pageBreakToken pageId="13" pageNumber="14" start="start">venom</pageBreakToken>
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, as well as to bites or stings from other venomous animals.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Root</emphasis>
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: The root powder is applied to the skin to alleviate headache and neutralize poisons from scorpion and snakebites. Mixed with water, the root powder is applied as an ointment for skin cancer, ringworm and other fungal conditions, earache, infected lesions, and leprosy.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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Medicinal use of this species in China is discussed by
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<bibRefCitation author="Duke, JA" journalOrPublisher="Lipid / Fett" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" refId="B34" refString="Duke, JA, Ayensu, ES, 1985. Medicinal Plants of China. 2 Vols. Reference Publications, Inc., Algonac." title="Medicinal Plants of China. 2 Vols. Reference Publications, Inc., Algonac." year="1985">Duke and Ayensu (1985)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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In India the leaf is used as a cardiotonic and oil from the root bark is employed for skin diseases (
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<bibRefCitation author="Jain, SK" journalOrPublisher="Phytotherapy Research" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" refId="B50" refString="Jain, SK, DeFilipps, RA, 1991. Medicinal Plants of India. 2 Vols. Reference Publications, Inc, Algonac." title="Medicinal Plants of India. 2 Vols. Reference Publications, Inc, Algonac." year="1991">Jain and DeFilipps 1991</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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The bark contains glycosides with digitalis-like activity (
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<bibRefCitation author="Jain, SK" journalOrPublisher="Phytotherapy Research" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" refId="B50" refString="Jain, SK, DeFilipps, RA, 1991. Medicinal Plants of India. 2 Vols. Reference Publications, Inc, Algonac." title="Medicinal Plants of India. 2 Vols. Reference Publications, Inc, Algonac." year="1991">Jain and DeFilipps 1991</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. indicum" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species" species="indicum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. indicum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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bark extract has activity against the snail vector,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1822" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Lymnaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lymnaea acuminata" order="Basommatophora" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="acuminata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Lymnaea acuminata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, of the parasitic flukes
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<taxonomicName class="Trematoda" family="Fasciolidae" genus="Fasciola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fasciola hepatica" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="hepatica">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fasciola hepatica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="F. gigantic" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species" species="gigantic">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">F. gigantic</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-879X1998000700011" author="Singh, S" journalOrPublisher="Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" pagination="951 - 954" refId="B106" refString="Singh, S, Singh, DK, 1998. Molluscicidal activity of Nerium indicum bark. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 31 (7): 951 - 954, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-879X1998000700011" title="Molluscicidal activity of Nerium indicum bark." url="https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-879X1998000700011" volume="31" year="1998">Singh and Singh 1998</bibRefCitation>
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), as well as antiviral activity against influenza and herpes simplex (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00374-3" author="Rajbhandari, M" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Ethnopharmacology" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" pagination="251 - 255" refId="B94" refString="Rajbhandari, M, Wegner, U, Juelich, M, Schoepke, T, Mentel, R, 2001. Screening of Nepalese medicinal plants for antiviral activity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 74 (3): 251 - 255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00374-3" title="Screening of Nepalese medicinal plants for antiviral activity." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00374-3" volume="74" year="2001">Rajbhandari et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="references">
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">References.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<bibRefCitation author="Nordal, A" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" refId="B85" refString="Nordal, A, 1963. The Medicinal Plants and Crude Drugs of Burma. Hellstrom & Nordahls Boktrykkeri, Oslo." title="The Medicinal Plants and Crude Drugs of Burma. Hellstrom & Nordahls Boktrykkeri, Oslo." year="1963">Nordal (1963)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Agricultural Corporation" journalOrPublisher="Phytotherapy Research" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" refId="B3" refString="Agricultural Corporation, 1980. Burmese Medicinal Plants. Agricultural Corporation, Rangoon. [In Burmese]" title="Burmese Medicinal Plants. Agricultural Corporation, Rangoon. [In Burmese]" year="1980">Agricultural Corporation (1980)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |