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<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3791644" ID-GBIF-Dataset="40966a99-5bdf-4603-8384-85f6c66b2390" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163754843" ID-ISSN="1313–2970" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3791644" ID-ZooBank="0EDBD1E0-7655-44FC-B9D7-08A3F80E478A" checkinTime="1587998434996" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Azarkina, Galina" docDate="2009" docId="564CE770243B101765F548031360766A" docLanguage="en" docName="ZK_article_2020.pdf" docOrigin="ZooKeys 16 (16)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:BEF2356135E79670CA200BCAD40C4E3A:zookeys.2008.journal_article" docStyleId="BEF2356135E79670CA200BCAD40C4E3A" docStyleName="zookeys.2008.journal_article" docTitle="Saraina Wanless &amp; Clark 1975" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="292" masterDocId="AA759F08243A101565794D0E127F7550" masterDocTitle="A review of the West African genus Saraina (Araneae, Salticidae)" masterLastPageNumber="300" masterPageNumber="291" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" updateTime="1643568538059" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A review of the West African genus Saraina (Araneae, Salticidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Azarkina, Galina</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Institute for Systematics and Ecology of Animals – Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk ,, Russia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2009</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2009-07-29</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>16</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>16</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>291</mods:start>
<mods:end>300</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.16.235</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">40966a99-5bdf-4603-8384-85f6c66b2390</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1313–2970</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576486</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0EDBD1E0-7655-44FC-B9D7-08A3F80E478A</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3791644" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163754843" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3791644" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:564CE770243B101765F548031360766A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/564CE770243B101765F548031360766A" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="292" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">
<subSubSection box="[140,603,1293,1319]" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="1.[140,603,1293,1319]" box="[140,603,1293,1319]" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">
<heading box="[140,603,1293,1319]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" reason="3">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,603,1293,1319]" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">
Genus
<taxonomicName authority="Wanless &amp; Clark, 1975" authorityName="Wanless &amp; Clark" authorityYear="1975" box="[223,603,1293,1319]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Saraina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[223,319,1293,1319]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">Saraina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Wanless FR &amp; Clark DJ" box="[325,603,1293,1319]" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" pagination="273 - 296" refId="ref4809" refString="Wanless FR, Clark DJ (1975) On a collection of spiders of the family Salticidae from the Ivory Coast (Araneae). Revue de zoologie africaine 89: 273 - 296." type="journal article" year="1975">Wanless &amp; Clark, 1975</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[140,800,1363,1390]" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph blockId="1.[140,800,1363,1390]" box="[140,800,1363,1390]" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">
<typeStatus box="[140,195,1364,1390]" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName authority="Wanless &amp; Clark, 1975" authorityName="Wanless &amp; Clark" authorityYear="1975" box="[294,800,1363,1390]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Saraina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubrofasciata">
<emphasis box="[294,527,1363,1390]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">Saraina rubrofasciata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Wanless FR &amp; Clark DJ" box="[534,800,1363,1390]" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" pagination="273 - 296" refId="ref4809" refString="Wanless FR, Clark DJ (1975) On a collection of spiders of the family Salticidae from the Ivory Coast (Araneae). Revue de zoologie africaine 89: 273 - 296." type="journal article" year="1975">Wanless &amp; Clark, 1975</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="293" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="1.[140,1108,1433,1672]" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,267,1433,1459]" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">
<emphasis box="[140,262,1433,1459]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" reason="1">Diagnosis</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
This genus can be recognized by the shape of the copulatory organs: a counterclockwise tegulum and embolus originating on the prolateral side of tegulum (
<figureCitation box="[147,219,1504,1530]" captionStart="Figures 2-8" captionStartId="3.[140,222,1590,1612]" captionTargetBox="[147,1100,891,1564]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[140,1108,886,1570]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 2-8. Saraina deltshevi, sp. n.: 2 right palp, ventral view 3 ditto, retrolateral view 4 ditto, ventroapical view 5 left chelicera, holotype 6 left chelicera, paratype 7 palpal tibia, retrolateroapical view 8 ditto, dorsal view. Scale = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814442" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814442/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">Figs 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[232,249,1504,1530]" captionStart="Figures 9-15" captionStartId="4.[140,222,1590,1612]" captionTargetBox="[147,1100,920,1562]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[140,1108,915,1571]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figures 9-15. Saraina kindamba, sp. n.: 9 left palp, ventral view 10 ditto, retrolateral view 11 ditto, ventroapical view 12 palpal tibia, retrolateroapical view 13 left female chelicera 14 left male chelicera 15 palpal tibia, dorsal view. Scale = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814444" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814444/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[262,293,1504,1530]" captionStart="Figures 19-23" captionStartId="7.[140,222,1622,1644]" captionTargetBox="[145,1103,1236,1602]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[140,1108,1226,1602]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figures 19-23. Saraina rubrofasciata: 19 left palpus, ventral view 20 ditto, retrolateral view 21 ditto, ventroapical view 22 palpal tibia, dorsal view 23 ditto, retrolateroapical view. Scale = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814448" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814448/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">19</figureCitation>
, and fig. 5 G in
<bibRefCitation author="Szuts T &amp; Scharff N" box="[485,750,1504,1531]" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" pagination="357 - 378" refId="ref4772" refString="Szuts T, Scharff N (2005) Redescriptions of little known jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) from West Africa. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 51 (4): 357 - 378." type="journal article" year="2005">Szűts and Scharff 2005</bibRefCitation>
) in males, and an epigyne with two lateral narrow openings, two bent sclerotized structures (
<figureCitation box="[846,934,1539,1565]" captionStart="Figures 16-18" captionStartId="6.[140,222,1622,1644]" captionTargetBox="[150,1099,1249,1594]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[140,1108,1233,1602]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figures 16-18. Saraina kindamba, sp. n.: 16 epigyne, ventral view 17 spermathecae, dorsal view 18 scheme of insemination ducts. Scale = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814446/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">Figs 16</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[949,1025,1539,1566]" captionStart="Figures 24-29" captionStartId="8.[140,222,920,942]" captionTargetBox="[152,1101,172,893]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[140,1108,165,900]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figures 24-29. Saraina rubrofasciata: 24 epigyne, ventral view, holotype 25 epigyne, ventral view 26 spermathecae, dorsal view 27 left male chelicera 28 left female chelicera 29 scheme of insemination ducts. Scale = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814450/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">24, 25</figureCitation>
) and a long, coiled insemination duct (
<figureCitation box="[500,585,1575,1601]" captionStart="Figures 16-18" captionStartId="6.[140,222,1622,1644]" captionTargetBox="[150,1099,1249,1594]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[140,1108,1233,1602]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figures 16-18. Saraina kindamba, sp. n.: 16 epigyne, ventral view 17 spermathecae, dorsal view 18 scheme of insemination ducts. Scale = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814446/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">Figs 17</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[598,628,1575,1602]" captionStart="Figures 24-29" captionStartId="8.[140,222,920,942]" captionTargetBox="[152,1101,172,893]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[140,1108,165,900]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figures 24-29. Saraina rubrofasciata: 24 epigyne, ventral view, holotype 25 epigyne, ventral view 26 spermathecae, dorsal view 27 left male chelicera 28 left female chelicera 29 scheme of insemination ducts. Scale = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814450/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">26</figureCitation>
) in females.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="1.[140,1108,1433,1672]" lastBlockId="2.[140,1108,589,826]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="293" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wanless &amp; Clark" authorityYear="1975" box="[185,271,1610,1636]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Saraina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[185,271,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">Saraina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a fissidentate genus. The structure of the male copulatory organs is unique: the tibia has three apophyses – ventral, medial and dorsal (
<figureCitation box="[900,965,1645,1671]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[140,212,517,539]" captionTargetBox="[442,817,168,491]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[413,835,162,499]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Palpal tibia, retrolateral view: 1 ventral apophysis, 2 medial apophysis; 3 dorsal apophysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814440" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814440/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="292">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). The whip-liked embolus is long and thin, originating from the prolateral side, and directed inwards of the cymbium (
<bibRefCitation author="Szuts T &amp; Scharff N" box="[436,707,624,651]" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" pagination="357 - 378" refId="ref4772" refString="Szuts T, Scharff N (2005) Redescriptions of little known jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) from West Africa. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 51 (4): 357 - 378." type="journal article" year="2005">Szűts and Scharff 2005</bibRefCitation>
). The relationships of this genus to other salticid genera are unclear (see
<bibRefCitation author="Wanless FR &amp; Clark DJ" box="[561,845,659,686]" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" pagination="273 - 296" refId="ref4809" refString="Wanless FR, Clark DJ (1975) On a collection of spiders of the family Salticidae from the Ivory Coast (Araneae). Revue de zoologie africaine 89: 273 - 296." type="journal article" year="1975">Wanless and Clark 1975</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Dippenaar-Schoeman A &amp; Jocque R" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" pagination="258 - 264" refId="ref4710" refString="Dippenaar-Schoeman A, Jocque R (1997) Salticidae. In: African spiders. An identification manual. Plant Protection Research Institute Handbook, Pretoria 9: 258 - 264." type="journal article" year="1997">Dippenaar-Schoeman and Jocqué 1997</bibRefCitation>
). The cheliceral base in both sexes and the female copulatory organs in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wanless &amp; Clark" authorityYear="1975" box="[173,259,730,756]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Saraina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[173,259,730,756]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="293">Saraina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resemble those of some
<taxonomicName box="[550,697,730,756]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Euophryinae">Euophryinae</taxonomicName>
(see also
<bibRefCitation author="Wanless FR &amp; Clark DJ" box="[813,1103,730,757]" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" pagination="273 - 296" refId="ref4809" refString="Wanless FR, Clark DJ (1975) On a collection of spiders of the family Salticidae from the Ivory Coast (Araneae). Revue de zoologie africaine 89: 273 - 296." type="journal article" year="1975">Wanless and Clark 1975</bibRefCitation>
, pp. 288-289), while the male copulatory organs are more similar to those of some
<taxonomicName box="[140,283,800,826]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Thiodininae">Thiodininae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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