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<document id="E4D82751648DCB35544393094B300FC2" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.3708220" ID-GBIF-Dataset="97ebb3a7-1b19-460c-a786-c1a926279b60" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3708220" ID-ZooBank="44C15F08-3DB3-4AFB-92C7-79EE8735AC91" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1584033640639" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Flechtmann, Carlos A. H. &amp; Atkinson, Thomas H." docDate="2018" docId="56038E3C52655A3DFE66525D1689F93A" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.0645.1-4.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 645" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC.3:InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleId="6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Cyrtogenius luteus" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="2" masterDocId="AA3AF64452665A3EFFE953531302FFC8" masterDocTitle="Oldest record of Cyrtogenius luteus (Blandford) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from South America with notes on its distribution in Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="4" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1698727406091" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
<mods:mods id="8C4B0C4CA328E0B4FACA131F579BF142" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="C63CF2C56C4A8B43B6A98BED6225062B">
<mods:title id="0889B78ABF0498495141930BFD52B069">Oldest record of Cyrtogenius luteus (Blandford) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from South America with notes on its distribution in Brazil</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="B316EDBB8ADD7CE1E88916B08324ECE9" type="personal">
<mods:role id="6F7A94DC8E51DE228B07E5E7EC115AFA">
<mods:roleTerm id="5AD566BCADC3A2D2C6A590408F5E035D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="08F0EE0C9F1D6F31C222B9FAF2C6D8E3">Flechtmann, Carlos A. H.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="6B2110D453980FCAE82DDFF4F07294A3" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C88F3C1A7E6B44824271ECDB83B30021">
<mods:roleTerm id="40CEE86FF44D915A6220EF657E09F7EB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="C4E8C12C651636891AC5B7883F557198">Atkinson, Thomas H.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="0E55529F1DED35EC63621EFE4D519814">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="DE7DC56717BE57FB6930479A4FA7A1B4" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="BCAFD7C592FA76B33E81281D87435B8A">
<mods:title id="7BC0F7A7E6CEF125978B56A650B485CD">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="0BB01A9FF75C0EA8B6371DE8A2C00573">
<mods:date id="7F07B323FB9A44CAFD2790BAC37A9F48">2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="B6D2ECB8D8E8C78DA1947DB99F80690E" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="DB6D2AEC5F8887869AB9DB00482A5D86">2018-07-27</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="A376A13D2075C5ED3CE6803A1EDB8865" type="issue">
<mods:number id="6DAEBC556A55B2B2E57ACB8B1CB40F93">645</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="5D92FF3638861D24BC521C1C775DF73E" unit="page">
<mods:start id="FDF4E93E846A1BCDD678E33E9CA9DE97">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="67E07424768FB46FF51B6B7420391B4B">4</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="8F97BB466A45F96CB31B5ADCBF768A09">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="2471680193C4C5F332AB64BF118122A7" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.3708220</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="63D690D95DF73EAB43E39441D1E8DEB3" type="GBIF-Dataset">97ebb3a7-1b19-460c-a786-c1a926279b60</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5AC3D3A7428480D88C3E1887F644C991" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="547A952AF3B7761F6E5380B6E8122166" type="Zenodo-Dep">3708220</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A0427A962D53975F5052E4AF4D70486C" type="ZooBank">44C15F08-3DB3-4AFB-92C7-79EE8735AC91</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="56038E3C52655A3DFE66525D1689F93A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3717186" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162485342" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3717186" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:56038E3C52655A3DFE66525D1689F93A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/56038E3C52655A3DFE66525D1689F93A" lastPageNumber="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
<subSubSection id="96B06CA152655A3DFE66525D12F9FEED" box="[399,507,269,293]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="DE153F2A52655A3DFE66525D12F9FEED" blockId="3.[192,1440,269,1778]" box="[399,507,269,293]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
<heading id="855D884652655A3DFE66525D12F9FEED" box="[399,507,269,293]" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName id="19AA44A952655A3DFE66525D12F9FEED" ID-CoL="33M8N" authority="(Blandford)" baseAuthorityName="Blandford" box="[399,507,269,293]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cyrtogenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">
<emphasis id="ECDEE33852655A3DFE66525D12F9FEED" box="[399,507,269,293]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">C. luteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="96B06CA152655A3DFDEA525D103FFD61" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DE153F2A52655A3DFDEA525D1713FEEE" blockId="3.[192,1440,269,1778]" box="[515,1041,270,294]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">were collected from the following localities.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DE153F2A52655A3DFF01527917E6FE6F" blockId="3.[192,1440,269,1778]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
<materialsCitation id="6EC2357752655A3DFF01527917B4FEAE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2575871827" collectingDate="2006-09-29" collectionCode="MEFEIS" collectorName="C. A. H. Flechtmann" latitude="-22.792364" location="Fazenda Rio Claro" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-49.019245" municipality="Lencois Paulista" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="SAO PAULO">
<collectingRegion id="1C6EF1C852655A3DFF0152791293FE8E" box="[232,401,298,326]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">SÃO PAULO</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="3E71A55052655A3DFE49527D1170FE8E" box="[416,626,302,326]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Lençóis Paulista</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="DB7569F152655A3DFD6B527D1072FE8E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:56038E3C52655A3DFE66525D1689F93A:DB7569F152655A3DFD6B527D1072FE8E" box="[642,880,302,326]" latitude="-22.792364" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-49.019245" municipality="Lencois Paulista" name="Fazenda Rio Claro" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" stateProvince="SAO PAULO">Fazenda Rio Claro</location>
,
<location id="DB7569F152655A3DFC68527D10FEFE8E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:56038E3C52655A3DFE66525D1689F93A:DB7569F152655A3DFC68527D10FEFE8E" box="[897,1020,302,326]" latitude="-22.792364" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-49.019245" municipality="Lencois Paulista" name="Duraflora" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" stateProvince="SAO PAULO">Duraflora</location>
, cerrado fragment,
<geoCoordinate id="BB9E59ED52655A3DFB1E527E16A2FE8E" box="[1271,1440,301,326]" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="47" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" precision="1" seconds="32.51" value="-22.792364">22°4732.51″S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="BB9E59ED52655A3DFF29521E125BFEAE" box="[192,345,333,358]" degrees="49" direction="west" minutes="1" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" precision="1" seconds="9.29" value="-49.019245">49°19.29″W</geoCoordinate>
, α-pinene-baited FIT,
<date id="AA1419EA52655A3DFD9E521D1006FEAE" box="[631,772,334,358]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" value="2006-09-29">
<collectingDate id="BA50E00252655A3DFD9E521D1006FEAE" box="[631,772,334,358]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" value="2006-09-29">29-IX-2006</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="735F5AFC52655A3DFCFA521D170AFEAE" box="[787,1032,334,358]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">C.A.H. Flechtmann</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="B8BBA7EF52655A3DFBF5521D178FFEAE" box="[1052,1165,334,358]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">MEFEIS</collectionCode>
, 1)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="6EC2357752655A3DFB2E521D17E2FE6F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2575871824" collectingDate="2001-07" collectingDateMax="2007-04-27" collectingDateMin="2001-07" collectorName="C. A. H. Flechtmann" county="Duraflora" latitude="-22.821945" location="Lencois Paulista" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-48.893475" municipality="Rio Claro" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" specimenCount="1">
<location id="DB7569F152655A3DFB2E521D1699FEAE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:56038E3C52655A3DFE66525D1689F93A:DB7569F152655A3DFB2E521D1699FEAE" box="[1223,1435,334,358]" county="Duraflora" latitude="-22.821945" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-48.893475" municipality="Rio Claro" name="Lencois Paulista" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Lençóis Paulista</location>
,
<location id="DB7569F152655A3DFF29523D12A4FE4E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:56038E3C52655A3DFE66525D1689F93A:DB7569F152655A3DFF29523D12A4FE4E" box="[192,422,366,390]" county="Duraflora" latitude="-22.821945" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-48.893475" municipality="Rio Claro" name="Fazenda Rio Claro" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
Fazenda
<collectingMunicipality id="3E71A55052655A3DFED9523D12A4FE4E" box="[304,422,366,390]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Rio Claro</collectingMunicipality>
</location>
,
<collectingCounty id="377447A652655A3DFE58523D1129FE4E" box="[433,555,366,390]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Duraflora</collectingCounty>
,
<taxonomicName id="19AA44A952655A3DFDDE523D1027FE4E" box="[567,805,366,390]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="ECDEE33852655A3DFDDE523D1027FE4E" box="[567,805,366,390]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Eucalyptus grandis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
stand planted
<date id="AA1419EA52655A3DFC34523D174BFE4F" box="[989,1097,366,391]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" value="2001-07">
<collectingDate id="BA50E00252655A3DFC34523D174BFE4F" box="[989,1097,366,391]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" value="2001-07">Jul 2001</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<geoCoordinate id="BB9E59ED52655A3DFBBC523E17ECFE4E" box="[1109,1262,365,390]" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" precision="1" seconds="19.0" value="-22.821945">22°4919.0″S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="BB9E59ED52655A3DFB1F523E1699FE4E" box="[1270,1435,365,390]" degrees="48" direction="west" minutes="53" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" precision="1" seconds="36.5" value="-48.893475">48°5336.5″W</geoCoordinate>
, pheromone/kairomone-baited FIT,
<date id="AA1419EA52655A3DFD8252DC1042FE6F" box="[619,832,399,423]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" value="2007-02-23" valueMax="2007-04-27" valueMin="2007-02-23">
<collectingDate id="BA50E00252655A3DFD8252DC1042FE6F" box="[619,832,399,423]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" value="2007-02-23" valueMax="2007-04-27" valueMin="2007-02-23">23-II27-IV-2007</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="735F5AFC52655A3DFCA552DC1738FE6F" box="[844,1082,399,423]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">C.A.H. Flechtmann</collectorName>
(MEFEIS, 5)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DE153F2A52655A3DFF0152F81261FD80" blockId="3.[192,1440,269,1778]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
<materialsCitation id="6EC2357752655A3DFF0152F8113BFDC0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2575871828" collectingDate="1989-12" collectingDateMax="2007-05-18" collectingDateMin="1989-12" collectionCode="UTIC" latitude="-24.31561" location="Fazenda Monte Alegre" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-50.510418" municipality="Telemaco Borba" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="PARANA">
<collectingRegion id="1C6EF1C852655A3DFF0152F81262FE0E" box="[232,352,427,454]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">PARANÁ</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="3E71A55052655A3DFE8452FC1135FE0F" box="[365,567,431,455]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Telêmaco Borba</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="DB7569F152655A3DFDAC52FC1060FE0F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:56038E3C52655A3DFE66525D1689F93A:DB7569F152655A3DFDAC52FC1060FE0F" box="[581,866,431,455]" latitude="-24.31561" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-50.510418" municipality="Telemaco Borba" name="Fazenda Monte Alegre" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" stateProvince="PARANA">Fazenda Monte Alegre</location>
,
<location id="DB7569F152655A3DFC9952FC10C4FE0F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:56038E3C52655A3DFE66525D1689F93A:DB7569F152655A3DFC9952FC10C4FE0F" box="[880,966,431,455]" latitude="-24.31561" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-50.510418" municipality="Telemaco Borba" name="Klabin" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" stateProvince="PARANA">Klabin</location>
,
<taxonomicName id="19AA44A952655A3DFC3D52FC176AFE0F" box="[980,1128,431,455]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="taeda">
<emphasis id="ECDEE33852655A3DFC3D52FC176AFE0F" box="[980,1128,431,455]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
<location id="DB7569F152655A3DFC3D52FC1719FE0E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:56038E3C52655A3DFE66525D1689F93A:DB7569F152655A3DFC3D52FC1719FE0E" box="[980,1051,431,454]" latitude="-24.31561" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-50.510418" municipality="Telemaco Borba" name="Pinus" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" stateProvince="PARANA">Pinus</location>
taeda
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
stand planted
<date id="AA1419EA52655A3DFACF52E3169EFE0F" box="[1318,1436,431,455]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" value="1989-12">
<collectingDate id="BA50E00252655A3DFACF52E3169EFE0F" box="[1318,1436,431,455]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" value="1989-12">Dec 1989</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<geoCoordinate id="BB9E59ED52655A3DFF29529D125BFE2F" box="[192,345,462,487]" degrees="24" direction="south" minutes="18" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" precision="1" seconds="56.2" value="-24.31561">24°1856.2″S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="BB9E59ED52655A3DFE8A529D110BFE2F" box="[355,521,462,487]" degrees="50" direction="west" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" precision="1" seconds="37.5" value="-50.510418">50°3037.5″W</geoCoordinate>
, pheromone/kairomone-baited FIT,
<date id="AA1419EA52655A3DFC21529C1753FE2F" box="[968,1105,463,487]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" value="2006-06-14">
<collectingDate id="BA50E00252655A3DFC21529C1753FE2F" box="[968,1105,463,487]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" value="2006-06-14">14-VI-2006</collectingDate>
</date>
<date id="AA1419EA52655A3DFB88529C17DDFE2F" box="[1121,1247,463,487]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" value="2007-05-18">
<collectingDate id="BA50E00252655A3DFB88529C17DDFE2F" box="[1121,1247,463,487]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" value="2007-05-18">18-V-2007</collectingDate>
</date>
, C.A.H. Flecht- mann (MEFEIS, 94,
<collectionCode id="B8BBA7EF52655A3DFE5052A31103FDC0" box="[441,513,496,520]" collectionName="UTIC" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">UTIC</collectionCode>
, 20);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="6EC2357752655A3DFDD652BC1261FD80" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2575871826" collectingDate="2007-03-09" collectionCode="MEFEIS" collectorName="C. A. H. Flechtmann" latitude="-24.319445" location="Fazenda Monte Alegre" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-50.57083" municipality="Telemaco Borba" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" specimenCount="1">
<collectingMunicipality id="3E71A55052655A3DFDD652BC1007FDCF" box="[575,773,495,519]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Telêmaco Borba</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="DB7569F152655A3DFCE652BC1726FDCF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:56038E3C52655A3DFE66525D1689F93A:DB7569F152655A3DFCE652BC1726FDCF" box="[783,1060,495,519]" latitude="-24.319445" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-50.57083" municipality="Telemaco Borba" name="Fazenda Monte Alegre" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Fazenda Monte Alegre</location>
,
<location id="DB7569F152655A3DFBC752BC1786FDCF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:56038E3C52655A3DFE66525D1689F93A:DB7569F152655A3DFBC752BC1786FDCF" box="[1070,1156,495,519]" latitude="-24.319445" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-50.57083" municipality="Telemaco Borba" name="Klabin" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Klabin</location>
, mixed araucaria forest fragment,
<geoCoordinate id="BB9E59ED52655A3DFEA8515D12C6FDEF" box="[321,452,526,551]" degrees="24" direction="south" minutes="19" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" precision="15" seconds="10" value="-24.319445">24°1910″S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="BB9E59ED52655A3DFE24515D115FFDEF" box="[461,605,526,551]" degrees="50" direction="west" minutes="34" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" precision="15" seconds="15" value="-50.57083">50°3415″W</geoCoordinate>
, pheromone/kairomone-baited FIT,
<date id="AA1419EA52655A3DFBFF514317A1FDE0" box="[1046,1187,528,552]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" value="2007-03-09">
<collectingDate id="BA50E00252655A3DFBFF514317A1FDE0" box="[1046,1187,528,552]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" value="2007-03-09">09-III-2007</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="735F5AFC52655A3DFB585143169DFDE0" box="[1201,1439,528,552]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">C.A.H. Flechtmann</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="B8BBA7EF52655A3DFF215163123AFD80" box="[200,312,560,584]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">MEFEIS</collectionCode>
, 5).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DE153F2A52655A3DFF015103103FFD61" blockId="3.[192,1440,269,1778]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
<materialsCitation id="6EC2357752655A3DFF015103103AFD61" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2575871825" collectingDate="2011-11-17" collectingDateMax="2012-05-29" collectingDateMin="2011-11-17" collectionCode="MEFEIS" collectorName="C. A. H. Flechtmann" latitude="-29.668896" location="Fundacao Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuaria" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-53.921364" municipality="Santa Maria" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="RIO GRANDE DO SUL">
<collectingRegion id="1C6EF1C852655A3DFF0151031118FDA0" box="[232,538,592,616]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">RIO GRANDE DO SUL</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="3E71A55052655A3DFDC1510311CBFDA0" box="[552,713,592,616]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Santa Maria</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="DB7569F152655A3DFD305103161FFDA0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:56038E3C52655A3DFE66525D1689F93A:DB7569F152655A3DFD305103161FFDA0" box="[729,1309,592,616]" latitude="-29.668896" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-53.921364" municipality="Santa Maria" name="Fundacao Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" stateProvince="RIO GRANDE DO SUL">Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária</location>
, naturally regenerated
<taxonomicName id="19AA44A952655A3DFEB1512212E5FD40" box="[344,487,624,648]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="taeda">
<emphasis id="ECDEE33852655A3DFEB1512212E5FD40" box="[344,487,624,648]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
<location id="DB7569F152655A3DFEB15122129CFD40" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:56038E3C52655A3DFE66525D1689F93A:DB7569F152655A3DFEB15122129CFD40" box="[344,414,625,648]" latitude="-29.668896" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-53.921364" municipality="Santa Maria" name="Pinus" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" stateProvince="RIO GRANDE DO SUL">Pinus</location>
taeda
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
stand planted ca. 1985,
<geoCoordinate id="BB9E59ED52655A3DFCEE513C10A2FD40" box="[775,928,623,648]" degrees="29" direction="south" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" precision="1" seconds="8.03" value="-29.668896">29°408.03”S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="BB9E59ED52655A3DFC4C513C175BFD40" box="[933,1113,623,648]" degrees="53" direction="west" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" precision="1" seconds="16.90" value="-53.921364">53°5516.90”W</geoCoordinate>
, ethanol-baited FIT,
<date id="AA1419EA52655A3DFABD512213F8FD61" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" value="2011-11-17">
<collectingDate id="BA50E00252655A3DFABD512213F8FD61" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" value="2011-11-17">17-XI- 2011</collectingDate>
</date>
<date id="AA1419EA52655A3DFEE351C21288FD61" box="[266,394,657,681]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" value="2012-05-29">
<collectingDate id="BA50E00252655A3DFEE351C21288FD61" box="[266,394,657,681]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" value="2012-05-29">29-V-2012</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="735F5AFC52655A3DFE7F51C21181FD61" box="[406,643,657,681]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">C.A.H. Flechtmann</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="B8BBA7EF52655A3DFD7A51C21001FD61" box="[659,771,657,681]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">MEFEIS</collectionCode>
, 10)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="96B06CA152655A3DFF0151E11689F93A" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="DE153F2A52655A3DFF0151E11624FB84" blockId="3.[192,1440,269,1778]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
In Telêmaco Borba, a variety of lures were used. Most specimens of
<taxonomicName id="19AA44A952655A3DFBF251E21784FD01" box="[1051,1158,689,713]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cyrtogenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">
<emphasis id="ECDEE33852655A3DFBF251E21784FD01" box="[1051,1158,689,713]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">C. luteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were captured in traps baited with ethanol + α-pinene (
<specimenCount id="C8ACF4A352655A3DFDD6518211E7FD21" box="[575,741,721,745]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" type="generic">39 specimens</specimenCount>
), followed by those with ethanol + α-pinene + sulcatol (31), α-pinene alone (22), and α-pinene + sulcatol (19). Traps baited with sulcatol alone or sulcatol + ethanol trapped only one specimen each, while traps baited with only ethanol had zero catches. These results suggest that the kairomone α-pinene is the major attractant among those tested and may be synergized by ethanol. Similar results were obtained by other researchers, which used α-pinene in combination with other kairomones or pheromones (
<bibRefCitation id="BA3B42DB52655A3DFD485020105EFC43" author="Fan, J. - T. &amp; D. R. Miller &amp; L. - W. Zhang &amp; J. - H. Sun" box="[673,860,883,907]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="553 - 556" refId="ref2473" refString="Fan, J. - T., D. R. Miller, L. - W. Zhang, and J. - H. Sun. 2010. Effects of bark beetle pheromones on the attraction of Monochamus alternatus to pine volatiles. Insect Science 17: 553 - 556." type="journal article" year="2010">Fan et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="BA3B42DB52655A3DFC8150201745FC43" author="Faccoli, M. &amp; M. Simonato &amp; E. P. Toffolo" box="[872,1095,883,907]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="27 - 35" refId="ref2421" refString="Faccoli, M., M. Simonato, and E. P. Toffolo. 2012. First record of Cyrtogenius Strohmeyer in Europe, with a key to the European genera of the tribe Dryocoetini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae). Zootaxa 3423: 27 - 35." type="journal article" year="2012">Faccoli et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="BA3B42DB52655A3DFBBA502017EFFC42" author="Gomez, L. D." box="[1107,1261,882,907]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="14 - 27" refId="ref2732" refString="Gomez, L. D. 2015. Estudio de estacionalidad de las especies de escarabajos de corteza en plantaciones de pino, p. 14 - 27. In: Proceedings of Escolitidos en Uruguay, situacion actual y perspectivas, Tacuarembo, Uruguay. INIA, Serie de Actividades de Difusion, 750. 27 p." type="book chapter" year="2015">Gómez 2015</bibRefCitation>
). The sex ratio of trapped
<taxonomicName id="19AA44A952655A3DFEAF50C011A0FC63" authority="in Telemaco Borba" authorityName="in Telemaco Borba" box="[326,674,914,939]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cyrtogenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">
<emphasis id="ECDEE33852655A3DFEAF50C012B1FC62" box="[326,435,914,938]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">C. luteus</emphasis>
in Telêmaco Borba
</taxonomicName>
was very close to 1:1, in all combinations of lures. At this site sampling was done for one full year and
<taxonomicName id="19AA44A952655A3DFD5F50E01021FC03" box="[694,803,947,971]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cyrtogenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">
<emphasis id="ECDEE33852655A3DFD5F50E01021FC03" box="[694,803,947,971]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">C. luteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was trapped during the entire period. However, for most localities the majority of the specimens were trapped in March, a month of high temperatures. Similar results were obtained in
<collectingCountry id="A6BD7FBA52655A3DFDBA50A711C2FBC4" box="[595,704,1012,1036]" name="Uruguay" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="BA3B42DB52655A3DFD2650A710B2FBC4" author="Gomez, D. &amp; A. Hirigoyen &amp; G. Balmelli &amp; C. Viera &amp; G. Martinez" box="[719,944,1012,1036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="47 - 53" refId="ref2630" refString="Gomez, D., A. Hirigoyen, G. Balmelli, C. Viera, and G. Martinez. 2017. Patterns in flight phe- nologies of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) in commercial pine tree plantations in Uruguay. Bosque 38: 47 - 53." type="journal article" year="2017">Gómez et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
). In Santa Maria we set traps at heights varying from
<quantity id="195292CF52655A3DFE80574712ACFBE3" box="[361,430,1044,1068]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" unit="m" value="0.5">0.5 m</quantity>
until 6.0 above ground, at
<quantity id="195292CF52655A3DFCE957471047FBE3" box="[768,837,1044,1068]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" unit="m" value="0.5">0.5 m</quantity>
increments, and specimens were evenly trapped between 1.0 m and 6.0 m height, showing there is no flight height preference in this species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DE153F2A52655A3DFF0157061055FA07" blockId="3.[192,1440,269,1778]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
Even though the literature shows there is a high association of
<taxonomicName id="19AA44A952655A3DFC0357071754FBA4" box="[1002,1110,1108,1132]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cyrtogenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">
<emphasis id="ECDEE33852655A3DFC0357071754FBA4" box="[1002,1110,1108,1132]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">C. luteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="19AA44A952655A3DFB725707160EFBA4" box="[1179,1292,1108,1132]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Pinaceae</taxonomicName>
, we trapped specimens in areas dominated by broadleaf trees: A eucalyptus stand, a cerrado fragment, a savanna formation (Lençóis Paulista), and also in an araucaria forest fragment (Telêmaco Borba). It is possible that
<taxonomicName id="19AA44A952655A3DFF1357E61267FB05" box="[250,357,1205,1229]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cyrtogenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">
<emphasis id="ECDEE33852655A3DFF1357E61267FB05" box="[250,357,1205,1229]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">C. luteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is colonizing the native Brazilian conifer,
<emphasis id="ECDEE33852655A3DFC8D57E61779FB05" box="[868,1147,1205,1229]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Araucaria angustifolia</emphasis>
(Bert.) (
<taxonomicName id="19AA44A952655A3DFB3657E61691FB05" box="[1247,1427,1205,1229]" class="Pinopsida" family="Araucariaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Araucariaceae</taxonomicName>
), present in the forest named for it.
<emphasis id="ECDEE33852655A3DFD9E5786100AFB25" box="[631,776,1237,1261]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName id="19AA44A952655A3DFD9E57861001FB25" baseAuthorityName="Flechtmann and Cognato" baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[631,771,1237,1261]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Eucalyptus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
however, belongs to the
<taxonomicName id="19AA44A952655A3DFBAA578517C6FB26" box="[1091,1220,1238,1262]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
and there are no conifers in the Brazilian cerrado. Both of these sites are more than
<quantity id="195292CF52655A3DFC0257A51734FAC6" box="[1003,1078,1270,1294]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
from the nearest pine plantations (Agudos, São Paulo, where we trapped extensively from
<date id="AA1419EA52655A3DFC5056451754FAE6" box="[953,1110,1302,1326]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" value="1982" valueMax="1997">1982 to 1997</date>
without finding
<taxonomicName id="19AA44A952655A3DFACA56451692FAE6" box="[1315,1424,1302,1326]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cyrtogenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">
<emphasis id="ECDEE33852655A3DFACA56451692FAE6" box="[1315,1424,1302,1326]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">C. luteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). It is also possible
<taxonomicName id="19AA44A952655A3DFE7356651104FA86" box="[410,518,1334,1358]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cyrtogenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">
<emphasis id="ECDEE33852655A3DFE7356651104FA86" box="[410,518,1334,1358]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">C. luteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not strictly associated with pines, as indicated by
<bibRefCitation id="BA3B42DB52655A3DFB6256641664FA86" author="Murayama, J." box="[1163,1382,1334,1359]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="587 - 632" refId="ref2863" refString="Murayama, J. 1957. Dryocoetinae (Coleoptera, Ipidae) from the Northern Half of the Far East. Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University 8: 587 - 632." type="journal article" year="1957">Murayama (1957)</bibRefCitation>
who cited
<taxonomicName id="19AA44A952655A3DFEEC560411ECFAA7" authority="Hemsl." authorityName="Hemsl." box="[261,750,1366,1391]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cornus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="controversa">
<emphasis id="ECDEE33852655A3DFEEC560412F1FAA6" box="[261,499,1367,1390]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Cornus controversa</emphasis>
Hemsl. (Cornaceae)
</taxonomicName>
as a host. Despite the fact that
<taxonomicName id="19AA44A952655A3DFB6E560417F7FAA6" box="[1159,1269,1366,1390]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cyrtogenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">
<emphasis id="ECDEE33852655A3DFB6E560417F7FAA6" box="[1159,1269,1366,1390]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">C. luteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found in different localities, there was no obvious damage to live trees, as was observed in
<collectingCountry id="A6BD7FBA52655A3DFB5E562417F3FA47" box="[1207,1265,1399,1423]" name="Italy" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Italy</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="BA3B42DB52655A3DFAEB562413FDFA67" author="Faccoli, M. &amp; M. Simonato &amp; E. P. Toffolo" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="27 - 35" refId="ref2421" refString="Faccoli, M., M. Simonato, and E. P. Toffolo. 2012. First record of Cyrtogenius Strohmeyer in Europe, with a key to the European genera of the tribe Dryocoetini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae). Zootaxa 3423: 27 - 35." type="journal article" year="2012">Faccoli et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="19AA44A952655A3DFEFB56C412F7FA67" box="[274,501,1431,1455]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cyrtogenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">
<emphasis id="ECDEE33852655A3DFEFB56C412F7FA67" box="[274,501,1431,1455]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Cyrtogenius luteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is considered to be able to attack live trees, but this happens very rarely and it is considered a secondary species (
<bibRefCitation id="BA3B42DB52655A3DFD9756E41048FA07" author="Chen, H. &amp; M. Tang &amp; H. Ye &amp; F. Yuan" box="[638,842,1463,1487]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="40 - 44" refId="ref2379" refString="Chen, H., M. Tang, H. Ye, and F. Yuan. 1999. Niche of bark beetles within Pinus armandii ecosystem in inner Qinling Mountains. Scientia Silvae Sinicae 35: 40 - 44." type="journal article" year="1999">Chen et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DE153F2A52655A3DFF01568B1689F93A" blockId="3.[192,1440,269,1778]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
In most cases, it is very difficult to determine how and when an exotic species was introduced into a new locality. In many cases the species is established several years before it is first collected and reported (
<bibRefCitation id="BA3B42DB52655A3DFF21554B1107F9F8" author="Haack, R. A. &amp; R. J. Rabaglia" box="[200,517,1560,1584]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="48 - 74" refId="ref2791" refString="Haack, R. A., and R. J. Rabaglia. 2013. Exotic bark and ambrosia beetles in the USA: potential and current invaders. p. 48 - 74. In: J. E. Pena (ed.). Potential invasive pests of agricultural crops. CABI; Wallingford, UK. (CABI Invasive Series, 3). 464 p." type="book chapter" year="2013">Haack and Rabaglia 2013</bibRefCitation>
). We also trapped between
<date id="AA1419EA52655A3DFCA4554B10FCF9F8" box="[845,1022,1560,1584]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" value="1999" valueMax="2001">
1999 and
<quantity id="195292CF52655A3DFC2A554B10FCF9F8" box="[963,1022,1560,1584]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08254" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" unit="in" value="2001.0">2001</quantity>
</date>
in another stand of
<taxonomicName id="19AA44A952655A3DFB19554B12A1F998" authority="L. in Telemaco Borba" authorityName="L. in Telemaco Borba" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="taeda">
<emphasis id="ECDEE33852655A3DFB19554B1683F9F8" box="[1264,1409,1560,1584]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Pinus taeda</emphasis>
L. in Telêmaco Borba
</taxonomicName>
, in the vicinity of the pine stand where
<taxonomicName id="19AA44A952655A3DFC9C556B10DCF998" box="[885,990,1592,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cyrtogenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">
<emphasis id="ECDEE33852655A3DFC9C556B10DCF998" box="[885,990,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">C. luteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was trapped (ca.
<quantity id="195292CF52655A3DFB44556B17F8F998" box="[1197,1274,1592,1616]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" unit="km" value="13.0">13 km</quantity>
), with similar lures used to trap this species in this present report (
<date id="AA1419EA52655A3DFCBB550B10EBF9B9" box="[850,1001,1624,1649]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" value="2006" valueMax="2007">2006 2007</date>
) and no specimens were trapped at that time (Flechtmann, unpublished). Our earliest records of
<taxonomicName id="19AA44A952655A3DFC51552A1724F958" box="[952,1062,1656,1680]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cyrtogenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">
<emphasis id="ECDEE33852655A3DFC51552A1724F958" box="[952,1062,1656,1680]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">C. luteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="A6BD7FBA52655A3DFBA6552A1798F959" box="[1103,1178,1657,1681]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Brazil</collectingCountry>
date from 2006 from the states of
<collectingRegion id="1C6EF1C852655A3DFEB055CA12D0F979" box="[345,466,1689,1713]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="1C6EF1C852655A3DFDE555CA116AF979" box="[524,616,1689,1713]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Paraná</collectingRegion>
, three years earlier than those reported from
<collectingCountry id="A6BD7FBA52655A3DFB6755C917F9F97A" box="[1166,1275,1690,1714]" name="Uruguay" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="BA3B42DB52655A3DFAE055CA13FDF919" author="Gomez, D. &amp; G. Martinez &amp; R. A. Beaver" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="362 - 364" refId="ref2682" refString="Gomez, D., G. Martinez, and R. A. Beaver 2012. First record of Cyrtogenius luteus (Blandford) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in the Americas and its distribution in Uruguay. The Coleopterists Bulletin 66: 362 - 364." type="journal article" year="2012">Gómez et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
). It is likely that the initial introduction into South America may have been into
<collectingCountry id="A6BD7FBA52655A3DFB0A55EA1633F919" box="[1251,1329,1721,1745]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, possibly in
<collectingRegion id="1C6EF1C852655A3DFF0955891258F939" box="[224,346,1753,1778]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
(most important ports) and spread southward to
<collectingRegion id="1C6EF1C852655A3DFC5E558A1795F939" box="[951,1175,1753,1777]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Rio Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
and later
<collectingCountry id="A6BD7FBA52655A3DFAFF55891685F93A" box="[1302,1415,1754,1778]" name="Uruguay" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>