453 lines
56 KiB
XML
453 lines
56 KiB
XML
<document id="18CDE6637DE80A5888B93E6EDB7ACCAE" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.15.4872" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bf479233-873b-48c9-92e9-56729c8da0fc" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2615-15-37" ID-ZooBank="1C55AB5B2AA2413B9F101B7DA2F87F8D" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1314-2615-15-37" ModsDocOrigin="Subterranean Biology 15" ModsDocTitle="Shedding light on a cryptic cavernicole: A second species of Zenkevitchia Birstein (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Typhlogammaridae) discovered via molecular techniques" checkinTime="1430243262031" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Sidorov, Dmitry A., Gontcharov, Andrey A., Palatov, Dmitry M., Taylor, Steven J. & Semenchenko, Alexander A." docDate="2015" docId="55C79BC591183C8B49A3FE1B1BD7F519" docLanguage="en" docName="SubterBiol 15: 37-55" docOrigin="Subterranean Biology 15" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.15.4872" docTitle="Zenkevitchia yakovi Sidorov, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="44C8C4D2-F34C-4F02-864A-08FE8D490B91" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="37" masterDocId="FF8E611C391CBC0BFF9DFFA1FF89FFD0" masterDocTitle="Shedding light on a cryptic cavernicole: A second species of Zenkevitchia Birstein (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Typhlogammaridae) discovered via molecular techniques" masterLastPageNumber="55" masterPageNumber="37" pageNumber="37" updateTime="1701315916463" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="A4DCEB85B9BDCEFB4512D63B28E280E8">Shedding light on a cryptic cavernicole: A second species of Zenkevitchia Birstein (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Typhlogammaridae) discovered via molecular techniques</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="67BD99C021A4BD2C7252340B7C540B64">Sidorov, Dmitry A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="528007E653E51329F858FF8702E9A384">Gontcharov, Andrey A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A35B82B2CE0FCB7FC11F411AFF961111">Palatov, Dmitry M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A1EBCEED71B33ECB58B7D5C89C1ADF85">Taylor, Steven J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5828547BD3A92ED7035C00DDAA66C0C2">Semenchenko, Alexander A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="AC529664544E66B844831A93BEFBD4D2">Subterranean Biology</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="2BF19674378B0C5A8BF27A8A078D84CC">
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<mods:date id="92A692D2A807056A5EF2854C349F9E28">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="667B8628990637410E0DCFF7B5DBA8BB" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="5BEA77DD80C96FDF56F1DBBB244D5699">15</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="FEB5D295BB5FD16EDB8C44859A91B130">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.15.4872</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="0A0ABBFCEFFB37F343194BA51DB60AA7">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="4777A33F038625F93577AD2DE2B56933" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.15.4872</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="003EC07A3855A551D69D2BAB3C05E49A" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2615-15-37</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="424CBF2D42BDCB196FD323A8F5167FC3" type="ZooBank">1C55AB5B2AA2413B9F101B7DA2F87F8D</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="55C79BC591183C8B49A3FE1B1BD7F519" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127885997" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:44C8C4D2-F34C-4F02-864A-08FE8D490B91" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/55C79BC591183C8B49A3FE1B1BD7F519" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
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<subSubSection id="95C58F45CC81AE639A8669E7B5A59BE0" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="175549D48057ADC843F1EC8C18F6D6E5" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Taxon classification Animalia Amphipoda Typhlogammaridae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CA8FC18A2944068D31D9FF9BABF8BE21" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="71F3DAD495FEF3BCE409C4D10A15C5EF" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicName id="717F2DA22E98B94FD57EC89E68FA79BE" ID-CoL="5D2GW" LSID="http://zoobank.org/44C8C4D2-F34C-4F02-864A-08FE8D490B91" authority="Sidorov" class="Malacostraca" family="Typhlogammaridae" genus="Zenkevitchia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zenkevitchia yakovi" order="Amphipoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yakovi">Zenkevitchia yakovi Sidorov</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="95C2CE5ADFF04021E7E37F98249B0294" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figures 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="75A3C8016FD907010A078BFB7CA1ABBF" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" type="diagnosis (both sexes)">
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<paragraph id="507083C772F16D9CD8CB78F5E7926E03" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Diagnosis (both sexes).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FBEC2E8ED8C85274538901B0E060652A" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
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Robust, small-sized species of gammarid-like habitus (sexual dimorphism marked, i.e., some males larger than females, gnathopods 1-2 and uropod 3 sexually dimorphic). Antenna 1 short, reaching 50% length of body; antenna 2 short, reaching about 40-60% length of antenna 1, gland cone long, reaching half of peduncle segment 4. Maxilla 1 inner plate triangular with 20-24 plumose setae, outer plate of filtration-type, with 105-114 multi-toothed sickle-shaped comb-like spines; palps symmetrical and reduced. Maxilla 2 inner and outer plates apically with numerous setae in two rows. Mandibular palp article 3 with 1 A group of 2 setae, 2 B setae, 13 D setae, 4-5 E setae. Gnathopods 1-2 small, with propodus not larger than corresponding coxa; palmar angles of both gnathopods with singly notched, strong corner spine on inner face; dactyli with 1 seta along outer margin, 1 stiff seta at nail base along inner margin, nails short; inner margin of dactyli of pereopods 3-7 with 1 stiff seta, with 1 thin seta at nail base. Urosomites 1-2 with dorsolateral groups of spines. Pleopods 1-3 with 2 coupling setae (retinacula) each accompanied with 1 strong, serrate spine (2+1). Uropod 1 rami almost equal, inner ramus scarcely shorter than outer ramus. Uropod 3 short, as long as uropod 2, endopodite small, 0.4
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<normalizedToken id="889CA50B116FCA30958B748E0CD972FE" originalValue="–0.5×">-0.5x</normalizedToken>
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shorter than exopodite. Telson with 1 or 2 distal spines per lobe. Coxal gills 2-7 stalked, triangular or sacciforme, largest on gnathopod 2, successively smaller on pereiopods 3 to 7, gill 7 the smallest. Body length 8.0-9.75 mm (females), 5.0-10.0 (males).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B58086A1940F390E2664249C951A7557" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="037EF8D920A5D78CB8AE178D0A3FECA9" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B2ED97EDEA6C7CAAE453B671F35425CC" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
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Holotype: male, 10.0 mm, X43382/Cr-1613-FEFU, completely dissected and mounted on a single glass slide. Abkhazia, Gulripshi district, Tsabal,
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<normalizedToken id="7D1539917FD89A808E2804E0BCFE10C3" originalValue="“Istočnik">"Istocnik</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken id="AC44EB23AA629DBC48402E8A36DC356E" originalValue="Tcebel’da”">Tcebel'da"</normalizedToken>
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Cave, 43.026216, 41.283022, cave pool, 31.01.2012, coll. D.M. Palatov. Paratypes: X43383/Cr-1614-FEFU, 1 male, 8.0 mm, 1 female, 8.5 mm (oostegites weakly differentiated), with same data as holotype.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0E1C6F832B61A766200961616ACAA499" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
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Additional material examined (not placed in the type series). All specimens measured, partially dissected and stored in vial (1-11/1sd-IBSS), 4 females with oostegites not well differentiated (2x8.0 mm, 8.5 mm, 9.75 mm), 9 males (3x8.0 mm, 4x8.5 mm, 9.75 mm, 5.0 mm), 1 juvenile (3.0 mm); with same data as holotype; ~ 4.1 km E of
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<normalizedToken id="D8733E26676621B56916A270CAF0D3F4" originalValue="“Istočnik">"Istocnik</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken id="402EE9F37FB3C8B1DEE25E6780FF47A4" originalValue="Tcebel’da”">Tcebel'da"</normalizedToken>
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Cave, Sredne-Shakuranskaya Cave, 43.029748, 41.333198, small cave river, 30.01.2012, coll. D.M. Palatov.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="45CADC54E9935F574EF87DEAE5BEFB9B" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="9AA98FC587BC961622D0688EF6EEBABF" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="55052DA85505FD14BDC3199BC079DEEE" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">The specific epithet yakovi (Latin) refers to the first name of Yakov Avadievich Birstein a famous zoologist is known for his outstanding contributions to the systematics of subterranean crustaceans.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F03463D10EB1C9C0830D0473EB92FF2D" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" type="description">
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<paragraph id="D71965636C2A601B80726F984AA3EB98" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="97974A5BF1B7E13DEBCD902B364A84F3" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
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Male, 10.0 mm (X43382/Cr-1613-FEFU). General body morphology (Figures 2, 3H, 4A, H, 7E). Body smooth, lacking dorsal cuticular elements (keel or tubercles) on pereon and pleon. Head as long as first pereon segment; lack rostrum; inferior antennal sinus shallow, sub-rounded. Eyes absent. Pereonite 7, pleonites 1-3 and uronite 1 with median and lateral groups of thin setae. Urosomites 1 and 2 on dorsal surface with lateral groups of spines accompanied with setae. Epimeral plate 1: postero-ventral corner acuminate; posterior and ventral margins convex; 1 stiff setae along ventral margin, 3 setae along posterior margin. Epimeral plate 2: postero-ventral corner acuminate; posterior margin straight; ventral margin convex; 3 notched spines along ventral margin, 4 setae along posterior margin. Epimeral plate 3: postero-ventral corner acuminate; posterior margin slightly concave; ventral margin convex; 4 notched spines along ventral margin, 3 setae along posterior margin. Telson width: length ratio is 1: 0.85; cleft 0.9 of length; only 2 sub-apical spines per lobe present, these are 0.25
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<normalizedToken id="1D47FAB9CFCDC4C8CE32C7D372452DAD" originalValue="–0.30×">-0.30x</normalizedToken>
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telson length, each accompanied by 1 or 2 plumose seta. Antennae (Figures 2, 4B, C). Antenna 1 0.5
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<normalizedToken id="317C296AE4EBF75A3C79C553BA3EE5B8" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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of body length; flagellum with up to 27 articles; each article with 5-6 short setae; peduncular articles in ratio 1: 0.8: 0.5; proximal article of peduncle distally with 2 medial sets of long setae; accessory flagellum 4-articulated. Length ratio antenna 1: 2 as 1: 0.57; flagellum of antenna 2 with 11 articles, each article densely setose; peduncle articles lengths 4: 5 is 1: 0.8; flagellum slightly longer than peduncle (articles 4+5); peduncular articles 4 and 5 with sets of long stiff setae laterally; gland cone long, reaching half of peduncle segment 4. Mouth parts, typical gammarid except for unusual filtration-type maxilla 1 (Figures 4
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<normalizedToken id="26E0902F835978A1789827ADEDA520D3" originalValue="D–G">D-G</normalizedToken>
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, 5
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<normalizedToken id="5DA266F73A943868EF622AE3396DAA87" originalValue="A–H">A-H</normalizedToken>
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). Labrum rounded, clypeus detached, longer than broad. Inner lobes of labium absent, outer lobes broad with stiff curved setae marginally, mandibular process distinct (narrow). Left mandible: incisor with 5 teeth, lacinia mobilis with 4 teeth; between lacinia and molar row of 7 serrate spines. Right mandible: incisor process with 4 teeth, lacinia mobilis bifurcate with several small denticles, between lacinia and molar a row of 8 serrate spines; triturative molar process with long lanose seta. Mandibular palp article 2 slightly longer than article 3 (distal); proximal palp article without setae; the second article with 13 setae; distal article narrowed, with 1 A group of 2 setae, 2 B setae, 13 D setae, 4-5 E setae. Maxilla 1 palp reduced, distal article with 5 or 6 apical strong serrate setae (both palps symmetrical); outer plate with 114 multi-toothed sickle-shaped spines; inner plate triangular with 24 plumose setae. Maxilla 2 inner plate smaller than outer one with oblique row of 24 plumose setae; both of them apically with numerous setae in two rows. Maxilliped palp article 2 with about 70 setae along inner margin; article 4 (distal) with dorsal seta, bearing 5 seta at the nail base, nail shorter than pedestal; outer plate with 15 flattened spines and 9 long plumose setae on apex; inner plate with 3 strong spines and 5 stiff naked setae on apex, 26 plumose setae on ventral face, 23 stiff denticulate setae in 3 rows on dorsal face. Coxal plates, gills (Figures 3A, C, 6A, C, E, G, I). Coxal plate 1 of rectangular shape, antero-ventral margin extended with 3 setae. Coxal plate 2 of rectangular shape, antero-ventral margin narrowed with 5 setae. Coxal plate 3 width: depth is 0.5: 1; along antero-ventral margin 4 setae. Coxal plate 4 of sub-quadrate shape, width: depth is 0.9: 1; posteriorly with prominent excavation; along ventral margin 10 setae. Coxal plates 5-7 progressively smaller towards the posterior; coxal plates 5-6: only anterior lobe well-developed; posterior margin simple or pointed with 1 seta. Coxal plate 7 semicircular, along posterior margin 3 setae in shallow serration. Coxal gills 2-7 stalked, large but progressively smaller towards the posterior; gills 2-4 triangular, gills 5-7 saccular or irregularly ovoid. Gnathopods 1 and 2 (Figures 3
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<normalizedToken id="AFD7489520B6139E73B74EB7F1283831" originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
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). Gnathopod 1, ischium with postero-distal set of setae. Carpus 0.4
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<normalizedToken id="E2D720E5992CDE005F38AC0905577AC6" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length of basis and 0.57
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<normalizedToken id="940BD23419B5E6B5D2FC33D79EAEE3E7" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length of propodus; anterior margin of carpus with two group of setae; carpus posteriorly with transverse row of lateral and sub-marginal setae. Propodus pyriform, palm straight with cutting margin acanthaceous and shorter than posterior margin; along posterior margin 3 sets of simple setae; anterior margin with 3 pairs of setae, antero-distal group with 7 setae; palmar margin with short, notched setae along outer and inner faces and armed with row of 4 distally notched, robust spines on inside and 5 on outside, palmar angle with 1 strong corner spine on inner face; nail 0.3
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<normalizedToken id="7F371D611D8FE01CD826A987EBDF830D" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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total length of dactylus, a 1 seta along anterior margin, 1 short stiff seta along inner margin and 3 setules at hinge. Gnathopod 2, basis width: length is 0.29: 1. Ischium with 4 sets of postero-distal setae. Carpus 0.35
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<normalizedToken id="020E2EB7B4C9C60AFF069C75A82583BD" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length of basis and 0.5
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<normalizedToken id="66EF83A91705A9341173231DADC7738F" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length of propodus; anterior margin of carpus with 1 distal set of setae; carpus posteriorly with 5 lateral sets of setae. Propodus small (compared to the body) and 1.14
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<normalizedToken id="911FF7AFAC017003532EFDF372E54606" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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larger than propodus of gnathopod 1; propodus sub-quadrate, palm straight with cutting margin acanthaceous and shorter than posterior margin; posterior margin with 7 rows of simple setae; anterior margin with 2 sets of setae; antero-distal group with 8 setae; palmar margin with short, notched setae along outer and inner faces and armed with row of 4 distally-notched robust spines on inside and 2 on outside, palmar angle with 1 strong corner spine on inner face; dactylus similar to that of gnathopod 1. Pereopods 3-7 (Figures 6
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<normalizedToken id="FB1CA840712CF153C170721C7BD1EF3F" originalValue="A–J">A-J</normalizedToken>
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). Lengths of pereopods 3-4 equal. Dactylus 4 0.4
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<normalizedToken id="BCF0DFDF236B11DA4F1FD02AAD294137" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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propodus 4; nail length 0.4
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<normalizedToken id="344A615EEAFB94D6027B8D2B582E8DFB" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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total dactylus length. Dactyli 3-4 with dorsal plumose seta; inner margin with 1 stiff seta and 1 thin seta at hinge. Lengths of pereopods 5: 6: 7 is 1: 1.1: 0.9. Pereopod 7 length 0.45
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<normalizedToken id="B1E2E610112A4EEC5E41DDDC73F53389" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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body length. Bases 5-7 narrowed distally, length: width is 1: 0.77-0.92; posterior margin convex (distinctly in basis 7), without postero-distal lobes; posteriorly marginal serrations with long setae (expressed in basis 5); anteriorly 5-7 notched spines. Dactylus 7 length 0.3
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<normalizedToken id="21F4311BB78F18D97C13160B36237E7B" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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propodus 7 length. Dactyli 5-7 with dorsal plumose seta; inner margin with 1 stiff seta and 1 thin seta at hinge. Pleopods and uropods (Figures 2, 3
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<normalizedToken id="1710921A40947404E7BCAB04C10F679F" originalValue="E–G">E-G</normalizedToken>
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, 4I, J). Pleopods 1-3 sub-equal, each with 2 coupling setae accompanied by 1 strong, serrate spine; peduncular articles fringed with long, thin setae; proximal article of inner rami fringed with 3-4 bifurcate setae. Pleopods 1-3 rami with 12-15 articles each. Uropod 1 protopodite with 1 basofacial spine, 4 dorso-lateral spines and 1 dorso-medial spine; exopodite: endopodite length is 1: 0.9; rami straight with single spines along outer margins; both with 5 strong notched spines apically and sub-apically. Uropod 2 exopodite as long as endopodite. Uropod 3 protopodite with two groups of strong notched spines on apex; endopodite 0.6 of protopodite length, with 2 spines and 3-5 long setae apically; exopodite 1.5
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<normalizedToken id="507040C75CF33D0BDE34166542D03129" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than protopodite, with 3 groups of lateral spines, long simple setae along inner margin, 5 spines and 10 long setae apically.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="0C81B3461DF69C3263A2CA185992DF23" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
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<paragraph id="2712021A2B1AC24ABBB985D946732F8B" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
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Figure 2. Photograph of live specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40E0B930DCEFFFC45EB84CEB6B9A4846" class="Malacostraca" family="Typhlogammaridae" genus="Zenkevitchia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zenkevitchia yakovi" order="Amphipoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yakovi">Zenkevitchia yakovi</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. in the cave
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D0A005A023217C684E0B2609798782E9" originalValue="“Istočnik">"Istocnik</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="BD030AFB3C1FE3DB0BE5E6D924E310AF" originalValue="Tcebel’da”">Tcebel'da"</normalizedToken>
|
||
, from right side. Photography by A. Korotaev.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="D32FE7F81423980EDCBC66C2FE7C918F" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<paragraph id="1759C7BD67D631B0843BB8C8AA353EC3" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
||
Figure 3.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EF88C9AFF91684EA68328665A689DBBF" class="Malacostraca" family="Typhlogammaridae" genus="Zenkevitchia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zenkevitchia yakovi" order="Amphipoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yakovi">Zenkevitchia yakovi</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.: holotype, male (10.0 mm), X43382/Cr-1613-FEFU. A Gnathopod 1, lateral view B Enlarged palmar part of gnathopod 1 C Gnathopod 2, lateral view D Enlarged palmar part of gnathopod 2 E, F, G Uropods 1-3, dorsal views H Telson, dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="9735233D8C4ED80FB62937CD1A4B9B06" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<paragraph id="7393623EC9BE2F2C2CFDFA63A4980A1D" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
||
Figure 4.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58C06FA815322B6A38A06AA6C43A1FBB" class="Malacostraca" family="Typhlogammaridae" genus="Zenkevitchia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zenkevitchia yakovi" order="Amphipoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yakovi">Zenkevitchia yakovi</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.: holotype, male (10.0 mm), X43382/Cr-1613-FEFU. A Head, lateral view B, C Antenna 1 and 2, lateral views D Labium, ventral view E Labrum, anterior view F, G Left and right mandibles, medial views H Epimeral plates 1-3, lateral views I pleopod 2, medial view J Coupling setae (retinacula), medial view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="034B5C98B584B999A683366C33ABA06B" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<paragraph id="9C87692450AFA603D0A3FAA5707DECCA" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
||
Figure 5.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="36540FF16287D45F823BE0DFD494A978" class="Malacostraca" family="Typhlogammaridae" genus="Zenkevitchia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zenkevitchia yakovi" order="Amphipoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yakovi">Zenkevitchia yakovi</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.: holotype, male (10.0 mm), X43382/Cr-1613-FEFU. A Maxilliped, ventral view B, C Enlarged outer and inner plates of maxilliped, ventral view D Enlarged inner plate of maxilliped, dorsal view E Left maxilla 1, dorsal view F Enlarged outer plate of maxilla 1 G Palp of right maxilla 1, dorsal view H Maxilla 2, dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="0F66C13C8AC00445668093F2C96BF1E8" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<paragraph id="69749DD8C66259BF5128A6A558F76745" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
||
Figure 6.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7FBD75370A68B5A7E8C94C772C07228" class="Malacostraca" family="Typhlogammaridae" genus="Zenkevitchia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zenkevitchia yakovi" order="Amphipoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yakovi">Zenkevitchia yakovi</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.: holotype, male (10.0 mm), X43382/Cr-1613-FEFU. A, C, E, G, I Pereopods 3-7, lateral views B, D, F, H, J Enlarged dactyli of pereopods 3-7, lateral views.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="A769E5E483AF639ED0B2F4B6C2F14563" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<paragraph id="180B78EB79C87E9B176A397B72D69AFB" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
||
Figure 7.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59AF6846C05A5288EAD1426D34CDC8C6" class="Malacostraca" family="Typhlogammaridae" genus="Zenkevitchia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zenkevitchia yakovi" order="Amphipoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yakovi">Zenkevitchia yakovi</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.: paratype, female (8.5 mm), X43383/Cr-1614-FEFU. A Gnathopod 1, medial view B Enlarged palmar part of gnathopod 1 C Gnathopod 2, medial view D Enlarged palmar part of gnathopod 2 E Metasome and urosome, lateral view F, G Uropods 1 and 2, dorsal views H Uropod 3, ventral view I Telson, dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="2277F3E4FC69CC55C2604ACF1013C8F4" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
||
Female, 8.5 mm (X43383/Cr-1614-FEFU), sexually dimorphic characters (Figures 7
|
||
<normalizedToken id="650F00BF5A7A63368DCEE1F31949D55E" originalValue="A–I">A-I</normalizedToken>
|
||
). Body smaller than male, with more slender body. Antenna 1 50% of total body length; antenna 2 short reaching 40% length of antenna 1. Gnathopods 1 and 2 propodi similar, sub-rectangular, palmar margins sub-transverse, short and weakly armed with spines. Carpus of gnathopod 2 flexible, as long as propodus. Uropod 3 protopodite lacking lateral group of apical spines; exopodite 2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6419EA10CF53FF7A0AE8277A0AD017FE" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than protopodite. Oostegites 2-5 on gnathopod 2 and pereopods 3-5.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7E1B0BA1324D267724DA65E3268F26F7" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" type="variability">
|
||
<paragraph id="CCA675F14F88EC54277AD3CECCA9EDF7" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Variability.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C40130E8DF9137A2E464618038D5981B" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
||
The pilosity of posterior margin of pereopod 5 bases is very variable, ranging from normally setose to very densely setose. The form of postero-ventral corner and number of spines on ventral margin of epimeral plates varies slightly. Maxilla 1 distal palp article with 5-8 apical setae; outer plate with 105-114 spines; inner plate with 20-24 setae. Endopodite of uropod 3 with 1 or 2 spines on apex. The propodus of gnathopod 2 on female specimens from the Sredne-Shakuranskaya Cave were somewhat elongated, with palmar margin distinctly transverse; rami of uropod 2 of both sexes unarmed along outer margins. One specimen was observed in sample from the
|
||
<normalizedToken id="848F0884A6E55B69AD8F10C3263AB1AB" originalValue="“Istočnik">"Istocnik</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2DE411366F0CC41548319EA0357140EB" originalValue="Tcebel’da”">Tcebel'da"</normalizedToken>
|
||
Cave with the same character of uropod 2 rami.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B1E944C56C0920E6F8489CE6330D9A66" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="3FE90E8958FFDA0812872D831D563A5E" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="71DCB2C0A001CF470C54B5A46F94528C" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
||
Taxonomy of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87F2096AA2E42F904FDCAD3AFF9286EF" class="Malacostraca" family="Typhlogammaridae" genus="Zenkevitchia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zenkevitchia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Zenkevitchia</taxonomicName>
|
||
is confusing and requires a thorough revision. The first mention of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BBC4EB80C51083C54C4B34D53D3553A" class="Malacostraca" family="Typhlogammaridae" genus="Zenkevitchia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zenkevitchia admirabilis" order="Amphipoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="admirabilis">Zenkevitchia admirabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
was given by Birstein in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="15C56E431296B3215EF6C56DD8D45452" author="Birstein, JA" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" pagination="47 - 55" title="Biospeologica Sovietica 3. Ueber die Fauna der Hoehlen Amphipoden Abchasiens." volume="49" year="1940">1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who gave a description and drawings of a male (14.0 mm body length), but without specifying the geographical origin of the material. However, a year later
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2E3C76285829F5F310CC4F06198675B4" author="Birstein, JA" journalOrPublisher="Archives du Musee Zoologique de l'Universite de Moscou" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" pagination="259 - 272" title="The subterranean amphipods of Abkhazia with notes on the Niphargus - species of Transcaucasus." volume="6" year="1941">Birstein (1941)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided a detailed description of the genus as well as the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4FB4AEA3F723D2D1094073A3897301D3" class="Malacostraca" family="Typhlogammaridae" genus="Zenkevitchia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zenkevitchia admirabilis" order="Amphipoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="admirabilis">Zenkevitchia admirabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, based on a 4.0 mm female from a cave near Andreevka (Apra), not far from Sukhumi. Further,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="725603505EB7DE31B6636679BD00DA22" author="Birstein, JA" journalOrPublisher="Zoologicheskii Zhurnal" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" pagination="1471 - 1487" title="Biospeologica Sovietica 41. Genera of Amphipoda endemic for Transcaucasus." volume="49" year="1970">Birstein and Ljovuschkin (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided an expanded description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="77F06DEA4A2CB021FCFDAE64F1A55F5C" class="Malacostraca" family="Typhlogammaridae" genus="Zenkevitchia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zenkevitchia admirabilis" order="Amphipoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="admirabilis">Zenkevitchia admirabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and provided information on its distribution within Abkhazia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3F7A91667AB47E5B061A7DBAB623D542" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
||
A detailed analysis of these species descriptions has left the impression that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="916B6CB9D0C2A9DF9C71B471427AE5AE" class="Malacostraca" family="Typhlogammaridae" genus="Zenkevitchia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zenkevitchia admirabilis" order="Amphipoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="admirabilis">Zenkevitchia admirabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
is represented by a series of different species in this region. Indirectly, this is evidenced in remarks by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="87DE609FA19FE27A5790875F1061E27D" author="Birstein, JA" journalOrPublisher="Zoologicheskii Zhurnal" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" pagination="1471 - 1487" title="Biospeologica Sovietica 41. Genera of Amphipoda endemic for Transcaucasus." volume="49" year="1970">Birstein and Ljovuschkin (1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 1473, [here translated from Russian]): "The study of a large specimens (up to 20 mm in length) suggests a significant age-related variation in this species, description of which is done on the basis of a female of 4 mm length and supplemented by a 14 mm male. "
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0CAE27D4562241B45271332DB38C32FE" originalValue="…“">..."</normalizedToken>
|
||
with increases in body size, there are changes in the armament of mouthparts, gnathopods and probably the number of spines on urosomal segments". Due to the fact that the 14.0 mm male (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6A454D4F15F19B24E77ADC0D1C5F1907" author="Birstein, JA" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" pagination="47 - 55" title="Biospeologica Sovietica 3. Ueber die Fauna der Hoehlen Amphipoden Abchasiens." volume="49" year="1940">Birstein 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and 4.0 mm female (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5F8BE44D6ED7A17C865B56D0F46D1E7F" author="Birstein, JA" journalOrPublisher="Archives du Musee Zoologique de l'Universite de Moscou" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" pagination="259 - 272" title="The subterranean amphipods of Abkhazia with notes on the Niphargus - species of Transcaucasus." volume="6" year="1941">Birstein 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) belongs to a different species (Table 1) and both descriptions are very poor we consider that detailed comparison is premature in this work. The searching of type series from cave near Andreevka was not successful, and the cave was mined in 1992-93 during the Georgian-Abkhaz conflict (Turbanov, pers. comm., 2015), therefore, a complete revision of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D220426AAF8A2808B54A5458F5FA7A22" class="Malacostraca" family="Typhlogammaridae" genus="Zenkevitchia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zenkevitchia admirabilis" order="Amphipoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="admirabilis">Zenkevitchia admirabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
species-complex is not yet feasible. Comparison of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A0EF0B146A188E0115442D6E154E8E50" class="Malacostraca" family="Typhlogammaridae" genus="Zenkevitchia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zenkevitchia yakovi" order="Amphipoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yakovi">Zenkevitchia yakovi</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. with available descriptions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CDB9F38CC886E4AA823E7974833E77E7" class="Malacostraca" family="Typhlogammaridae" genus="Zenkevitchia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zenkevitchia admirabilis" order="Amphipoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="admirabilis">Zenkevitchia admirabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
did not allow us to identify any significant morphological differences, except for probably unimportant differences in body size and questionable dispersion in outer plate of maxilla 1, bearing ≥ 23-50 spines for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E753AF430FF77BA55F8EDBC034E3541F" class="Malacostraca" family="Typhlogammaridae" genus="Zenkevitchia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zenkevitchia admirabilis" order="Amphipoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="admirabilis">Zenkevitchia admirabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see Table 1). We cannot excluded the possibility that the relatively small number of spines on the outer plate of maxilla 1 in the original descriptions may be the result of Birstein not using a crushing technique to reveal additional spines. Based on the fact that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FC8F7148D1D353502CFA32FA859454F8" class="Malacostraca" family="Typhlogammaridae" genus="Zenkevitchia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zenkevitchia yakovi" order="Amphipoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yakovi">Zenkevitchia yakovi</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. fits within the ranges of morphological variability indicated by Birstein for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7B976E1D55427E243FFC9EF689ADFF2" class="Malacostraca" family="Typhlogammaridae" genus="Zenkevitchia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zenkevitchia admirabilis" order="Amphipoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="admirabilis">Zenkevitchia admirabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1DF512ADDF2B014DB1721565997A8600" author="Birstein, JA" journalOrPublisher="Zoologicheskii Zhurnal" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" pagination="1471 - 1487" title="Biospeologica Sovietica 41. Genera of Amphipoda endemic for Transcaucasus." volume="49" year="1970">Birstein and Ljovuschkin 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Table 1), but genetically both lineages are quite distinct, we feel the hidden diversity within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D71BA2C794B1FDCA37698A10F6955E1F" class="Malacostraca" family="Typhlogammaridae" genus="Zenkevitchia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zenkevitchia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Zenkevitchia</taxonomicName>
|
||
requires examination of additional material from other localities.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="5192B794AAC32F6B8493BA4F458228CA" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<paragraph id="458673428A5232E28E8B99F25DED1FC6" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
||
Table 1. Variation in morphological characters in adult specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09284619727572128D032F41704FEBC9" class="Malacostraca" family="Typhlogammaridae" genus="Zenkevitchia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zenkevitchia yakovi" order="Amphipoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yakovi">Zenkevitchia yakovi</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. and comparison with published data for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DA4C08034F19F4A585C12121E31D3A8" class="Malacostraca" family="Typhlogammaridae" genus="Zenkevitchia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zenkevitchia admirabilis" order="Amphipoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="admirabilis">Zenkevitchia admirabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="BF99514FF2C578C23FE06139D561C2AB" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<table id="83EC411F04850296E289E0A6B5F961A9" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<tr id="52DFEAF7327537CD5D7D6D37BDD59AD0" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<th id="CEBC3F7E206F3C37F870BD7AEA4A41BE" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">Character</th>
|
||
<th id="3AC24871C1E4C4EE93B428D5C3AD5BD6" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28C1CAAFAEC385BBD2FC3FA7BC899098" class="Malacostraca" family="Typhlogammaridae" genus="Zenkevitchia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zenkevitchia yakovi" order="Amphipoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yakovi">Zenkevitchia yakovi</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="DB4F7900294DE8236D918C821CBE1D74" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AB608A5B094B0EE01740EFCCA4436C09" class="Malacostraca" family="Typhlogammaridae" genus="Zenkevitchia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zenkevitchia admirabilis" order="Amphipoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="admirabilis">Zenkevitchia admirabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Birstein, 1940
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="7FD2E1283D1720791933ECE6EF7E3841" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69F45E3EA23919C10467BD7A619146B3" class="Malacostraca" family="Typhlogammaridae" genus="Zenkevitchia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zenkevitchia admirabilis" order="Amphipoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="admirabilis">Zenkevitchia admirabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Birstein, 1941)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="C1DE1350B7F230E53D474ACF3D6218B5" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AD9F710EB3AD0EE80D8047F14D4738E6" class="Malacostraca" family="Typhlogammaridae" genus="Zenkevitchia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zenkevitchia admirabilis" order="Amphipoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="admirabilis">Zenkevitchia admirabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Birstein & Ljovuschkin, 1970)
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C89A7E30BF25874F1458E6E3953CEA42" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<td id="DAA679DEB8EEA2E5E9051055662ACCFF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="244FE8379290177CA0818D30CBC0CAB8" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<paragraph id="459FCE63267A0B3EA3235DC55475EB5A" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Table 2. List of the specimens, sampling sites and accession numbers of the sequences for COI included in this study. References are given for sequences obtained from GenBank.</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="9702050CD4D018D1430CA1DD0D7FBB96" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<table id="CEB4E46370AC4287772069F05B30B3A2" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
||
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<bibRefCitation id="A740DA55208E6D7312F09E936CE1E2C9" author="Hou, Z" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" pagination="352 - 365" title="Phylogenetic analyses of Gammaridae crustacean reveal different diversification patterns among sister lineages in the Tethyan region." url="10.1111/cla.12055" volume="30" year="2014">Hou et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
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<caption id="9F6E2425483F6BA9D7ED8E28A3B66C45" ID-Table-UUID="9F6E2425483F6BA9D7ED8E28A3B66C45" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9F6E2425483F6BA9D7ED8E28A3B66C45" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
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<paragraph id="5AAA85701B3DF27A5DE234E6A0B984FB" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
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Table 3. Estimates of pairwise sequence divergence (uncorrected p-distances) of partial mitochondrial COI gene among species and haplotypes of the Balkan and Caucasian
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.
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|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |