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<mods:title id="1A1E1792846147EFBCEB7041DE882BE9">An updated inventory of sea slugs from Koh Tao, Thailand, with notes on their ecology and a dramatic biodiversity increase for Thai waters</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="F38D315EC4FB9FB9A7503DDBDDC5D0C0">Aow Thai Marine Ecology Center, Koh Mun Nai, Kram, Klaeng District, Rayong 21110, Thailand &amp; Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA), Center for Integrative Biology (CBI); CNRS, University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse III, France</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="55ABA1A32CFA5E5E85A9D6D7C1E91A9C" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182642692" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:55ABA1A32CFA5E5E85A9D6D7C1E91A9C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/55ABA1A32CFA5E5E85A9D6D7C1E91A9C" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">
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*
<taxonomicName id="80A316951DC2953B3CCCA255C5CD4A85" ID-CoL="7QHBM" LSID="55ABA1A3-2CFA-5E5E-85A9-D6D7C1E91A9C" authority="(Bergh, 1902)" baseAuthorityName="Bergh" baseAuthorityYear="1902" class="Gastropoda" family="Aplysiidae" genus="Bursatella" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bursatella ocelligera" order="Aplysiida" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ocelligera">Bursatella cf. ocelligera (Bergh, 1902)</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="EDC875DF8AA7FBBFC5EB47FC59D2A6CB" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. A Migaya sp. 3 mm B Siphopteron makisig 3 mm C Siphopteron sp. 3 mm (photograph by Will Malsukum) D Philine orca 3 mm E Aplysia kurodai 30 mm (photograph by Geoffrey Chamayou) F Aplysia nigrocincta 9 mm G Bursatella cf. ocelligera 65 mm (photograph by Elouise Haskin) H Stylocheilus longicauda 45 mm (photograph by Kirsty Magson) I Stylocheilus striatus 29 mm J Berthella cf. caledonica 10 mm K Berthella martensi 60 mm (photograph by Paddy Steele) L Pleurobranchus forskalii 130 mm (photograph by Tine Kvamme)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1042.64474.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553102" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Figure 8G</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="AE37197973570260A138FDC039ECDF3A" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="265FC08B229ECF88DDBD0B4FC7B11420" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="668A84F9995BEC73C8211B9648793CD3" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">
One specimen
<quantity id="6515C4C9AE45026D0129498789664997" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" unit="mm" value="65.0">65 mm</quantity>
, SB.
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<subSubSection id="8A0A68AA557454F24EFD43686448AA8C" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" type="ecology">
<paragraph id="8E2B59315E92DC93106A2176919D81DD" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="29ECE03FE8F78DF96F6626C5FAA0570B" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">In soft sediment habitats where it grazes on cyanobacterial mats on the benthos. Depth 18-25 m.</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="6D286D84A816137CE1EEE3CFBC7084FA" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="444A5FCDCAAC338D22F1C3C7057345C9" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DBB6148442798E7D757B94CA83E6AB61" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">
<taxonomicName id="AA0F318E52222E925EC7A122CA1A2A01" baseAuthorityName="Bergh" baseAuthorityYear="1902" class="Gastropoda" family="Aplysiidae" genus="Bursatella" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bursatella ocelligera" order="Anaspidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ocelligera">
<emphasis id="447C4DE769E51691B0BA98E0CA1B557F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Bursatella ocelligera</emphasis>
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is known only from the Philippines (
<bibRefCitation id="9AA72841201E112F5E1AE3C7F33405BB" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1071/IS19056" author="Bazzicalupo, E" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Systematics" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" pagination="535 - 568" refId="B17" refString="Bazzicalupo, E, Crocetta, F, Gosliner, TM, Berteaux-Lecellier, V, Camacho-Garcia, YE, Chandran, BKS, Valdes, A, 2020. Molecular and morphological systematics of Bursatella leachii de Blainville, 1817 and Stylocheilus striatus Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1832 reveal cryptic diversity in pantropically distributed taxa (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Heterobranchia). Invertebrate Systematics 34 (5): 535 - 568, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/IS19056" title="Molecular and morphological systematics of Bursatella leachii de Blainville, 1817 and Stylocheilus striatus Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1832 reveal cryptic diversity in pantropically distributed taxa (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Heterobranchia)." url="https://doi.org/10.1071/IS19056" volume="34" year="2020">Bazzicalupo et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
) and the Gulf of Thailand (
<bibRefCitation id="47F632CD47EAF35E78E023838082EC25" author="Bergh, R" editor="Mortensen, T" journalOrPublisher="Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Skrifter. 6 Raekke Naturvidenskabelig og Matematisk Afdeling" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" pagination="153 - 218" refId="B21" refString="Bergh, R, 1902. I. Gasteropoda Opisthobranchiata. In: Mortensen, T, Ed., The Danish Expedition to Siam 1899-1900. Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Skrifter. 6 Raekke Naturvidenskabelig og Matematisk Afdeling: 153 - 218" title="I. Gasteropoda Opisthobranchiata." volumeTitle="The Danish Expedition to Siam 1899 - 1900." year="1902">Bergh 1902</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="EE072C01DCC9E9729F9EF4D1E5D5ACC8" authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1817" class="Gastropoda" family="Aplysiidae" genus="Bursatella" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bursatella leachii" order="Anaspidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="leachii">
<emphasis id="580E28EBA64EF56E2EEECEC6BA2086BF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Bursatella leachii</emphasis>
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is circumtropical (
<bibRefCitation id="021F3D13CB72E6A677D15DA7CB627E71" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1071/IS19056" author="Bazzicalupo, E" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Systematics" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" pagination="535 - 568" refId="B17" refString="Bazzicalupo, E, Crocetta, F, Gosliner, TM, Berteaux-Lecellier, V, Camacho-Garcia, YE, Chandran, BKS, Valdes, A, 2020. Molecular and morphological systematics of Bursatella leachii de Blainville, 1817 and Stylocheilus striatus Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1832 reveal cryptic diversity in pantropically distributed taxa (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Heterobranchia). Invertebrate Systematics 34 (5): 535 - 568, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/IS19056" title="Molecular and morphological systematics of Bursatella leachii de Blainville, 1817 and Stylocheilus striatus Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1832 reveal cryptic diversity in pantropically distributed taxa (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Heterobranchia)." url="https://doi.org/10.1071/IS19056" volume="34" year="2020">Bazzicalupo et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
) including Brazil (
<bibRefCitation id="3061A877B680A8713D070F5BB9EB8962" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755267215000494" author="Galvao Filho, H" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biodiversity Records" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" pagination="1 - 11" refId="B80" refString="Galvao Filho, H, Araujo, A, Silva, F, Azevedo, V, Meirelles, C, Matthews-Cascon, H, 2015. Sea slugs (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) from a poorly known area in north-east Brazil: Filling gaps in Atlantic distributions. Marine Biodiversity Records 8: 1 - 11, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755267215000494" title="Sea slugs (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) from a poorly known area in north-east Brazil: Filling gaps in Atlantic distributions." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755267215000494" volume="8" year="2015">
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Filho et al. 2015
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), Guadeloupe (
<bibRefCitation id="2CC4CD9674C18D4C7AB43C29AA6FFD48" author="Ortea Rato, J" journalOrPublisher="Biologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" pagination="153 - 182" refId="B188" refString="Ortea Rato, J, Espinosa, J, Caballer Gutierrez, M, Buske, Y, 2012. Initial inventory of the sea slugs (Opisthobranchia and Sacoglossa) from the expedition KARUBENTHOS, held in May 2012 in Guadeloupe (Lesser Antilles, Caribbean Sea). Revista de la Academia Canaria de Ciencias. Biologia 24: 153 - 182" title="Initial inventory of the sea slugs (Opisthobranchia and Sacoglossa) from the expedition KARUBENTHOS, held in May 2012 in Guadeloupe (Lesser Antilles, Caribbean Sea). Revista de la Academia Canaria de Ciencias." volume="24" year="2012">Ortea Rato et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
), Spain (
<bibRefCitation id="188079422CD4B358394362C36014AC15" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2014.01.008" author="Gonzalez-Wangueemert, M" journalOrPublisher="Biochemical Systematics and Ecology" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" pagination="123 - 129" refId="B85" refString="Gonzalez-Wangueemert, M, Dominguez-Godino, JA, Casalduero, F, Serrao, E, 2014. Genetic signature of a recent invasion: The ragged sea hare Bursatella leachii in Mar Menor (SE Spain). Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 54: 123 - 129, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2014.01.008" title="Genetic signature of a recent invasion: The ragged sea hare Bursatella leachii in Mar Menor (SE Spain)." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2014.01.008" volume="54" year="2014">
<normalizedToken id="93850D13961F868EB7EBCE75D29D29F2" originalValue="González-Wangüemert">Gonzalez-Wangueemert</normalizedToken>
et al. 2014
</bibRefCitation>
), Italy (
<bibRefCitation id="66CF891F69975D7DDD10686F2E3A0728" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s41208-018-0101-2" author="Travaglini, A" journalOrPublisher="Thalassas: An International Journal of Marine Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" pagination="137 - 141" refId="B255" refString="Travaglini, A, Crocetta, F, 2019. Natural history collections and alien species: an overlooked sample of Bursatella leachii Blainville, 1817 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Aplysiida) backdates its confirmed presence in Italy. Thalassas: An International Journal of Marine Sciences 35: 137 - 141, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41208-018-0101-2" title="Natural history collections and alien species: an overlooked sample of Bursatella leachii Blainville, 1817 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Aplysiida) backdates its confirmed presence in Italy." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s41208-018-0101-2" volume="35" year="2019">Travaglini and Crocetta 2019</bibRefCitation>
), Tunisia (
<bibRefCitation id="437BC2D1A12105E4E5419E27B95AEA5E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2009.4.2.14" author="Zakhama-Sraieb, R" journalOrPublisher="Aquatic Invasions" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" pagination="381 - 383" refId="B295" refString="Zakhama-Sraieb, R, 2009. On the occurrence of Bursatella leachii De Blainville, 1817 and Pinctada radiata (Leach, 1814) in the Ghar El Melh lagoon (NE Tunisia). Aquatic Invasions 4: 381 - 383, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2009.4.2.14" title="On the occurrence of Bursatella leachii De Blainville, 1817 and Pinctada radiata (Leach, 1814) in the Ghar El Melh lagoon (NE Tunisia)." url="https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2009.4.2.14" volume="4" year="2009">Zakhama-Sraieb 2009</bibRefCitation>
), Morocco (
<bibRefCitation id="24C3716C60C63357DF8F183246B41733" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3391/bir.2017.6.2.07" author="Selfati, M" journalOrPublisher="BioInvasions Records" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" pagination="129 - 134" refId="B232" refString="Selfati, M, El Ouamari, N, Crocetta, F, Mesfioui, A, Boissery, P, Bazairi, H, 2017. Closing the circle in the Mediterranean Sea: Bursatella leachii Blainville, 1817 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Anaspidea) has reached Morocco. BioInvasions Records 6: 129 - 134, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3391/bir.2017.6.2.07" title="Closing the circle in the Mediterranean Sea: Bursatella leachii Blainville, 1817 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Anaspidea) has reached Morocco." url="https://doi.org/10.3391/bir.2017.6.2.07" volume="6" year="2017">Selfati et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
), Ghana (
<bibRefCitation id="FC6E5EEB2CBA71BD3EFC6D7BC07F58D6" author="Bebbington, A" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" pagination="323 - 340" refId="B18" refString="Bebbington, A, 1969. Bursatella leachi guineensis new subspecies Gastropoda Opisthobranchia from Ghana. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 38: 323 - 340" title="Bursatella leachi guineensis new subspecies Gastropoda Opisthobranchia from Ghana." volume="38" year="1969">Bebbington 1969</bibRefCitation>
), Iran (
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), India (
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), Vietnam (
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), Australia (
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), New Zealand (
<bibRefCitation id="65FAFB00858C4F06FCDC44BDAC5DA3A8" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1021/np010511e" author="Appleton, D" journalOrPublisher="Journal of natural products" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" pagination="630 - 631" refId="B4" refString="Appleton, D, Sewell, M, Berridge, M, Copp, B, 2002. A new biologically active malyngamide from a New Zealand collection of the sea hare Bursatella leachii. Journal of natural products 65: 630 - 631, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/np010511e" title="A new biologically active malyngamide from a New Zealand collection of the sea hare Bursatella leachii." url="https://doi.org/10.1021/np010511e" volume="65" year="2002">Appleton et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
), South Africa, Madagascar, and Hawaii (
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).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8E7123A0160D51680905EF1B806097CF" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="27BCA78AB08437741F93F2C4B0AE74A7" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18EAA72AC7206293537C34961B14754F" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">
<bibRefCitation id="DBD5BE8EAA3306C8E8D0C0C1BC2881D6" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.mollus.a064255" author="Eales, N" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Molluscan Studies" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" pagination="279 - 303" refId="B65" refString="Eales, N, Engel, N, 1935. The genus Bursatella de Blainville. Journal of Molluscan Studies 21: 279 - 303, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.mollus.a064255" title="The genus Bursatella de Blainville." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.mollus.a064255" volume="21" year="1935">Eales and Engel (1935)</bibRefCitation>
synonymised all species of
<taxonomicName id="7CF449C5B62C5495B3DBA29E219DE9B1" class="Gastropoda" family="Aplysiidae" genus="Bursatella" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bursatella" order="Anaspidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4BE6E1D25D5FE366363891B3F79A86FF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">Bursatella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
into the single circumtropical species
<taxonomicName id="40A4DE91E326A0EC377CB0C2008928CA" lsidName="B. leachii" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" rank="species" species="leachii">
<emphasis id="B555831A805506E60B8204E9BF778F1E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">B. leachii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Recent evidence (
<bibRefCitation id="F5EAC5E25A12A0A1470DA58EF5018699" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1071/IS19056" author="Bazzicalupo, E" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Systematics" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" pagination="535 - 568" refId="B17" refString="Bazzicalupo, E, Crocetta, F, Gosliner, TM, Berteaux-Lecellier, V, Camacho-Garcia, YE, Chandran, BKS, Valdes, A, 2020. Molecular and morphological systematics of Bursatella leachii de Blainville, 1817 and Stylocheilus striatus Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1832 reveal cryptic diversity in pantropically distributed taxa (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Heterobranchia). Invertebrate Systematics 34 (5): 535 - 568, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/IS19056" title="Molecular and morphological systematics of Bursatella leachii de Blainville, 1817 and Stylocheilus striatus Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1832 reveal cryptic diversity in pantropically distributed taxa (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Heterobranchia)." url="https://doi.org/10.1071/IS19056" volume="34" year="2020">Bazzicalupo et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
) has supported the presence of a second species,
<taxonomicName id="D5B60636A8942354D8E7D13B724ACDB5" lsidName="B. ocelligera" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" rank="species" species="ocelligera">
<emphasis id="423818945EB2C511BE787153CE7D1CA4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">B. ocelligera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, based on internal morphological differences such as an unarmed penis and supported by molecular data. This name was attributed to specimens described from the Gulf of Thailand by
<bibRefCitation id="E73A05C8827AF8146BF8A6507F2CA0B4" author="Bergh, R" editor="Mortensen, T" journalOrPublisher="Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Skrifter. 6 Raekke Naturvidenskabelig og Matematisk Afdeling" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" pagination="153 - 218" refId="B21" refString="Bergh, R, 1902. I. Gasteropoda Opisthobranchiata. In: Mortensen, T, Ed., The Danish Expedition to Siam 1899-1900. Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Skrifter. 6 Raekke Naturvidenskabelig og Matematisk Afdeling: 153 - 218" title="I. Gasteropoda Opisthobranchiata." volumeTitle="The Danish Expedition to Siam 1899 - 1900." year="1902">Bergh (1902)</bibRefCitation>
, who was the first to describe specimens with an unarmed penis. At present, there is no reliable way of discerning between the two species based on external morphology alone, and no available molecular data for specimens from the Gulf of Thailand. The internal anatomy of specimens from Koh Tao could not be investigated as part of the present study; however, the proximity to the type locality (Koh Chang) supports the need for comprehensive analyses of specimens from the Gulf of Thailand in particular, given the wide geographical range of
<taxonomicName id="A1F684EE4119967B97617BFB5EDBC334" lsidName="B. leachii" pageId="0" pageNumber="73" rank="species" species="leachii">
<emphasis id="C4C752D6E7DC1BD06C71324BF5226B63" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="73">B. leachii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the recent separation of other
<normalizedToken id="CA360246386603574DEA59AF631B9884" originalValue="circumtropical">'circumtropical'</normalizedToken>
aplysiids.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>