712 lines
87 KiB
XML
712 lines
87 KiB
XML
<document id="2015824AB9D519236520C7F3C85EEA6E" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.211970" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f07bd552-644e-4a0d-96b2-e892caa87ecf" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="211970" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460535182056" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kraus, Fred" docDate="2012" docId="556D87E3FFCEFFBCFF4664ACE63662A7" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03493p026.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3493" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Nyctimystes intercastellus Kraus, 2012, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="A954FF9BFFC3FFACFFD1643BE7256513" masterDocTitle="Identity of Nyctimystes cheesmani (Anura: Hylidae), with description of two new related species" masterLastPageNumber="26" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="14" updateTime="1698316263876" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="805F9781CCAE5177FB2677F8212AE2DA" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="372F4AEC6D3BAEBCAF1C452791756742">
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<mods:title id="EC11374302E0498D9B0E7BC0E9D6F58E">Identity of Nyctimystes cheesmani (Anura: Hylidae), with description of two new related species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="62C0CA9A389FDEF52EC33EE74636014A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="5AE3A8F81E312E0277343F3DF4A2ECD4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="00932BCC076482E7F26D8C094259B3B4">Kraus, Fred</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="9C9C597386AB89F3B7F78C4AFD60106D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="9C222AD705759AC4283FAC8769BDCB34">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="DF490633C8F45CFDE0F68D4137E75200">
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<mods:date id="63DD0E069B2497DDB1CD1CD6C6539BAE">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="29C149B12E0E82D1F4489A8DD4808438" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="0958739FC16A221EBE20EB684AA4D7AC">3493</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="767EF550528F0597F8630220071AA266">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="87DD3367981DBD34A4A958B47DC1E97B">26</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:classification id="A16D4E46BAD6F611D63175DB5678ECF3">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="98AF11D25EF5AC651E4F77FA8F74CD69" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.211970</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7611DC22C048D75C8FE71BD21332DE32" type="GBIF-Dataset">f07bd552-644e-4a0d-96b2-e892caa87ecf</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="44449C2B8C5452804F32D5712DA61ED3" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="97927D2B1874EE7D1A128C8B05EE4DDD" type="Zenodo-Dep">211970</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="556D87E3FFCEFFBCFF4664ACE63662A7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6174010" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119527494" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6174010" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:556D87E3FFCEFFBCFF4664ACE63662A7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/556D87E3FFCEFFBCFF4664ACE63662A7" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<subSubSection id="95DE657EFFCEFFA1FF4664ACE62265C1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="DD7B36F5FFCEFFA1FF4664ACE51665A2" blockId="13.[151,563,151,210]" box="[151,563,151,177]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<heading id="86338199FFCEFFA1FF4664ACE51665A2" bold="true" box="[151,563,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="1">
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||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FF4664ACE51665A2" bold="true" box="[151,563,151,177]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCEFFA1FF4664ACE6EB65A2" ID-CoL="485NF" box="[151,462,151,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intercastellus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FF4664ACE6EB65A2" bold="true" box="[151,462,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nyctimystes intercastellus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F483579CFFCEFFA1FE0764ACE51665A2" box="[470,563,151,177]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="DD7B36F5FFCEFFA1FF466481E62265C1" blockId="13.[151,563,151,210]" box="[151,263,186,210]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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||
<figureCitation id="45FF2A70FFCEFFA1FF466481E7F065C1" box="[151,213,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1913,1936]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,462,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,447,1891]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Portraits in life of (A) Nyctimystes cheesmani, BPBM 18293, Fane, Central Province; (B) N. cheesmani, BPBM 18294, Fane, Central Province; (C) male N. bivocalis, BPBM 15206, Cloudy Mts., Milne Bay Province; (D) female N. bivocalis, BPBM 15209, Cloudy Mts., Milne Bay Province; (E) N. intercastellus, BPBM 16481, Fergusson Is., Milne Bay Province; (F) N. intercastellus, BPBM 37765, Normanby Is., Milne Bay Province." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211971/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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E, F
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="95DE657EFFCEFFA1FF466538E6A067B5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="DD7B36F5FFCEFFA1FF466538E251642D" blockId="13.[151,1437,258,2010]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<typeStatus id="027F8857FFCEFFA1FF466538E6216408" box="[151,260,259,283]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="holotype">
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||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FF466538E6216408" bold="true" box="[151,260,259,283]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Holotype</emphasis>
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||
</typeStatus>
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||
.
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<collectionCode id="BBD5AE30FFCEFFA1FEC46538E6466409" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[277,355,259,282]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">BPBM</collectionCode>
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17938 (field tag FK 7188), adult male, collected by F. Kraus along stream SE of Sewa Bay, 10.0406˚ S, 150.9826˚ E,
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<quantity id="1A3C9B10FFCEFFA1FE69651DE524642D" box="[440,513,294,318]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="120.0">120 m</quantity>
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, Normanby Island, Milne Bay Province,
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<collectingCountry id="A5D37665FFCEFFA1FC1C651CE38C642D" box="[973,1193,294,318]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCEFFA1FC1C651CE334642D" box="[973,1041,295,318]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papua">Papua</taxonomicName>
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||
New Guinea
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||
</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<date id="A97A1035FFCEFFA1FB62651DE254642D" box="[1203,1393,294,319]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2003-01-27">27 January 2003</date>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="DD7B36F5FFCEFFA1FF166570E6CD6729" blockId="13.[151,1437,258,2010]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FF166570E6846470" bold="true" box="[199,417,330,355]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<typeStatus id="027F8857FFCEFFA1FF166570E61A6470" box="[199,319,331,355]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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(n = 68)
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</emphasis>
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.
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<collectingCountry id="A5D37665FFCEFFA1FE616570E5A96471" box="[432,652,330,354]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCEFFA1FE616570E6D16471" box="[432,500,331,354]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papua">Papua</taxonomicName>
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New Guinea
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</collectingCountry>
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: Milne Bay Province: Fergusson Island, E slope Oya Tabu, 9.4576˚ S, 150.7888˚ E,
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<quantity id="1A3C9B10FFCEFFA1FEE36555E6596495" box="[306,380,366,390]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="960.0">960 m</quantity>
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,
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<date id="A97A1035FFCEFFA1FE586555E54C6495" box="[393,617,366,391]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2002-08-18" valueMax="2002-08-23" valueMin="2002-08-18">18–23 August 2002</date>
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||
(
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<collectionCode id="BBD5AE30FFCEFFA1FDA96555E5ED6495" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[632,712,366,390]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">BPBM</collectionCode>
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16481–96,
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<collectionCode id="BBD5AE30FFCEFFA1FC9E6555E4916495" box="[847,948,366,390]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">PNGNM</collectionCode>
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||
24129–32), Awavula River, W of Saibutu, 9.4710˚ S, 150.5410˚ E,
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<quantity id="1A3C9B10FFCEFFA1FE6965A9E52164B9" box="[440,516,402,426]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
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,
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||
<date id="A97A1035FFCEFFA1FDC265A9E42764B9" box="[531,770,402,426]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2002-09-07" valueMax="2002-09-08" valueMin="2002-09-07">7–8 September 2002</date>
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||
(
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<collectionCode id="BBD5AE30FFCEFFA1FCC565A9E44664B9" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[788,867,402,426]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">BPBM</collectionCode>
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||
16497–509,
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<collectionCode id="BBD5AE30FFCEFFA1FC2C65A9E34764B9" box="[1021,1122,402,426]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">PNGNM</collectionCode>
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||
24133, 24141), Normanby Island, stream SE of Sewa Bay, 10.0406˚ S, 150.9826˚ E,
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<quantity id="1A3C9B10FFCEFFA1FCFA658DE45064DD" box="[811,885,438,462]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="120.0">120 m</quantity>
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||
,
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||
<date id="A97A1035FFCEFFA1FC52658DE34D64DD" box="[899,1128,438,463]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2003-01-27" valueMax="2003-01-30" valueMin="2003-01-27">27–30 January 2003</date>
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||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="BBD5AE30FFCEFFA1FBA9658DE3E264DD" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[1144,1223,438,462]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">BPBM</collectionCode>
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||
17937, 17939–50, 17958,
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<collectionCode id="BBD5AE30FFCEFFA1FF3C65E1E67764E1" box="[237,338,474,498]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">PNGNM</collectionCode>
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||
24134–39), 10.0394˚ S, 150.9822˚ E,
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||
<quantity id="1A3C9B10FFCEFFA1FCDE65E1E47C64E1" box="[783,857,474,498]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="110.0">110 m</quantity>
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||
,
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||
<date id="A97A1035FFCEFFA1FCB665E1E30064E1" box="[871,1061,474,499]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2003-01-29">29 January 2003</date>
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||
(
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<collectionCode id="BBD5AE30FFCEFFA1FBE765E1E3A364E1" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[1078,1158,474,498]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">BPBM</collectionCode>
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17951–56), 10.0413˚ S, 150.9828˚ E,
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<quantity id="1A3C9B10FFCEFFA1FEE065C5E65F6705" box="[305,378,510,534]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="110.0">110 m</quantity>
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||
,
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<date id="A97A1035FFCEFFA1FE5665C5E5676705" box="[391,578,510,535]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2003-01-30">30 January 2003</date>
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||
(
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<collectionCode id="BBD5AE30FFCEFFA1FD8065C5E5846705" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[593,673,510,534]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">BPBM</collectionCode>
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17957), Wamula, Sugunaki River,
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<date id="A97A1035FFCEFFA1FBE165C5E3E66705" box="[1072,1219,510,534]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1989-07-26">26 July 1989</date>
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||
(AMS 132110–11, 132118, 132125–27, 132143).
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="DD7B36F5FFCEFFA1FF16667DE6A067B5" blockId="13.[151,1437,258,2010]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FF16667DE6E8674C" bold="true" box="[199,461,582,607]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Additional specimens.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="A5D37665FFCEFFA1FE05667CE58A674D" box="[468,687,582,606]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCEFFA1FE05667CE53D674D" box="[468,536,583,606]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papua">Papua</taxonomicName>
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New Guinea
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</collectingCountry>
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: Milne Bay Province: Normanby Island, S end Sewa Bay, 10.0315˚ S, 150.9803˚ E,
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<quantity id="1A3C9B10FFCEFFA1FE856651E6B86791" box="[340,413,618,642]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.22" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="122.0">122 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="BBD5AE30FFCEFFA1FE7C6651E6D86791" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[429,509,618,642]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">BPBM</collectionCode>
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||
37765), 10.0304˚ S, 150.9812˚ E,
|
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<quantity id="1A3C9B10FFCEFFA1FC416651E4EE6791" box="[912,971,618,642]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="60.0">60 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="BBD5AE30FFCEFFA1FC0A6651E30F6791" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[987,1066,618,642]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">BPBM</collectionCode>
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||
37766–70), Goodenough Island (AMS R125287–89).
|
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="95DE657EFFCEFFA1FF166689E6296211" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="DD7B36F5FFCEFFA1FF166689E67166D5" blockId="13.[151,1437,258,2010]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FF166689E66467D8" bold="true" box="[199,321,690,715]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCEFFA1FE99668FE54E67D8" box="[328,619,691,715]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intercastellus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FE99668FE54E67D8" box="[328,619,691,715]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nyctimystes intercastellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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is unique in its combination of medium body size (male SV =
|
||
<quantity id="1A3C9B10FFCEFFA1FAFD6689E7E367FD" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.215" metricValueMax="4.77" metricValueMin="3.66" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="42.15" valueMax="47.7" valueMin="36.6">36.6–47.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
, female SV =
|
||
<quantity id="1A3C9B10FFCEFFA1FEBA66EDE53667FD" box="[363,531,726,750]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.91" metricValueMax="5.55" metricValueMin="4.27" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="49.1" valueMax="55.5" valueMin="42.7">42.7–55.5 mm</quantity>
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||
); presence of a small tubercle on heel; webbing on hand extending as far as the top of the penultimate tubercle on fourth finger; tympanum exposed; palpebral reticulum well-developed, largely oriented vertically but with many horizontal cross-connections; snout relatively broad (EN/IN = 0.86–1.19); iris dark brown in adults, pale tan in juveniles; rear of thighs brown with caramel-colored or tan or gray barring or flecking; males with vocal slits and sac; and call a set of 1–6 slightly pulsed, relatively long (0.188–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B8F05032FFCEFFA1FB20675DE214666D" box="[1265,1329,870,894]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" precision="55" value="-0.32">0.320</geoCoordinate>
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s) croaks delivered relatively rapidly (1.96–2.29 calls/s), clustered in no apparent pattern, and having a dominant frequency of 1.96–2.46 Hz.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DD7B36F5FFCEFFA1FF1667E9E6296211" blockId="13.[151,1437,258,2010]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FF1667E9E57A66F8" bold="true" box="[199,607,978,1003]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Comparisons with other species.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCEFFA1FDBC67EFE4B266F8" box="[621,919,979,1003]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intercastellus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FDBC67EFE4B266F8" box="[621,919,979,1003]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nyctimystes intercastellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCEFFA1FB9367EFE3E266F8" box="[1090,1223,979,1003]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="avocalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FB9367EFE3E266F8" box="[1090,1223,979,1003]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. avocalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCEFFA1FB0D67EFE24966F8" box="[1244,1388,979,1003]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="disruptus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FB0D67EFE24966F8" box="[1244,1388,979,1003]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. disruptus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCEFFA1FA5367EFE636611D" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oktediensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FA5367EFE636611D" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. oktediensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCEFFA1FEF367C3E6AC611C" box="[290,393,1016,1039]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papua">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FEF367C3E6AC611C" box="[290,393,1016,1039]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. papua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCEFFA1FE4967C3E568611D" box="[408,589,1014,1039]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trachydermis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FE4967C3E568611D" box="[408,589,1014,1039]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. trachydermis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCEFFA1FD5D67C3E5CD611D" box="[652,744,1014,1039]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tyleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FD5D67C3E5CD611D" box="[652,744,1014,1039]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. tyleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having (vs. lacking) vocal slits in males; from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCEFFA1FACA67C3E2B0611D" box="[1307,1429,1014,1039]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="foricula">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FACA67C3E2B0611D" box="[1307,1429,1014,1039]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. foricula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCEFFA1FF466027E7D96120" box="[151,252,1052,1075]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="granti">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FF466027E7D96120" box="[151,252,1052,1075]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. granti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCEFFA1FEDA6027E65E6120" box="[267,379,1051,1075]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FEDA6027E65E6120" box="[267,379,1051,1075]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. gularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCEFFA1FE5B6027E53E6120" box="[394,539,1051,1075]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="humeralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FE5B6027E53E6120" box="[394,539,1051,1075]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. humeralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCEFFA1FDFB6027E5B16120" box="[554,660,1051,1075]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kubori">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FDFB6027E5B16120" box="[554,660,1051,1075]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. kubori</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCEFFA1FD736027E42A6120" box="[674,783,1051,1075]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kuduki">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FD736027E42A6120" box="[674,783,1051,1075]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. kuduki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCEFFA1FCCD6027E48E6120" box="[796,939,1052,1075]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FCCD6027E48E6120" box="[796,939,1052,1075]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. montanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCEFFA1FC686027E36D6120" box="[953,1096,1052,1075]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="narinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FC686027E36D6120" box="[953,1096,1052,1075]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. narinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCEFFA1FB866027E3C36120" box="[1111,1254,1051,1075]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="persimilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FB866027E3C36120" box="[1111,1254,1051,1075]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. persimilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCEFFA1FAF46027E2B96120" box="[1317,1436,1051,1075]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zweifeli">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FAF46027E2B96120" box="[1317,1436,1051,1075]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. zweifeli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having (vs. lacking) a distinct tubercle on the heel; from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCEFFA1FCF8607BE4966145" box="[809,947,1086,1111]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obsoletus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FCF8607BE4966145" box="[809,947,1086,1111]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. obsoletus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having an exposed tympanum (hidden in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCEFFA1FF46605FE6056168" box="[151,288,1123,1147]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obsoletus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FF46605FE6056168" box="[151,288,1123,1147]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. obsoletus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCEFFA1FEA4605FE6CE6168" box="[373,491,1123,1147]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulcher">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FEA4605FE6CE6168" box="[373,491,1123,1147]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. pulcher</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its smaller size (female SV to
|
||
<quantity id="1A3C9B10FFCEFFA1FC8A6059E4896169" box="[859,940,1122,1146]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="84.0">84 mm</quantity>
|
||
, male SV to
|
||
<quantity id="1A3C9B10FFCEFFA1FBEB6059E3AD6169" box="[1082,1160,1122,1146]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="65.0">65 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCEFFA1FB7A605FE2056168" box="[1195,1312,1123,1147]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulcher">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FB7A605FE2056168" box="[1195,1312,1123,1147]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. pulcher</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and small tubercle (vs. large lappet) on heel; from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCEFFA1FDBD60B3E5DC618D" box="[620,761,1158,1183]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fluviatilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FDBD60B3E5DC618D" box="[620,761,1158,1183]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. fluviatilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in lacking (vs. having) a row of pale-colored tubercles on outer edge of tarsus, having a thinner palpebral reticulum, and lacking bright orange on rear of thighs (present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCEFFA1FA536097E62461F5" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fluviatilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FA536097E62461F5" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. fluviatilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCEFFA1FE8A60EBE6C361F5" box="[347,486,1231,1255]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perimetri">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FE8A60EBE6C361F5" box="[347,486,1231,1255]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. perimetri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its smaller size (male SV to
|
||
<quantity id="1A3C9B10FFCEFFA1FC8860F5E48961F5" box="[857,940,1230,1254]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="61.0">61 mm</quantity>
|
||
, female SV to
|
||
<quantity id="1A3C9B10FFCEFFA1FB8D60F5E38861F5" box="[1116,1197,1230,1254]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="76.0">76 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCEFFA1FB0460EBE24461F5" box="[1237,1377,1231,1255]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perimetri">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FB0460EBE24461F5" box="[1237,1377,1231,1255]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. perimetri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and shorter snout (EN/IN =
|
||
<quantity id="1A3C9B10FFCEFFA1FE7A60C9E51F6019" box="[427,570,1266,1290]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5433" metricValueMax="3.9624" metricValueMin="3.1242" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="in" value="1.395" valueMax="1.56" valueMin="1.23">1.23–1.56 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCEFFA1FD9260CFE5EB6018" box="[579,718,1268,1291]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perimetri">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FD9260CFE5EB6018" box="[579,718,1268,1291]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. perimetri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCEFFA1FCF860CFE4C36018" box="[809,998,1267,1291]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semipalmatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FCF860CFE4C36018" box="[809,998,1267,1291]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. semipalmatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having the rear of thighs barred or mottled with brown or blue gray (uniformly bright orange in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCEFFA1FC936123E4D8603D" box="[834,1021,1302,1327]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semipalmatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FC936123E4D8603D" box="[834,1021,1302,1327]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. semipalmatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and a brown dorsum without dense black spotting (light tan or gray with many rounded black spots in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCEFFA1FC426107E36B6040" box="[915,1102,1339,1363]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semipalmatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FC426107E36B6040" box="[915,1102,1339,1363]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. semipalmatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCEFFA1FB096107E27F6040" box="[1240,1370,1339,1363]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daymani">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FB096107E27F6040" box="[1240,1370,1339,1363]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. daymani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its greater size (male SV to
|
||
<quantity id="1A3C9B10FFCEFFA1FE616165E5246065" box="[432,513,1374,1398]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="42.0">42 mm</quantity>
|
||
, female SV to
|
||
<quantity id="1A3C9B10FFCEFFA1FD7B6165E5DF6065" box="[682,762,1374,1398]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="48.0">48 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCEFFA1FCCF615BE4856065" box="[798,928,1374,1399]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daymani">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FCCF615BE4856065" box="[798,928,1374,1399]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. daymani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and shorter snout (EN/IN =
|
||
<quantity id="1A3C9B10FFCEFFA1FB3C6165E25E6065" box="[1261,1403,1374,1398]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2511999999999994" metricValueMax="3.5305999999999997" metricValueMin="2.9718" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="in" value="1.2799999999999998" valueMax="1.39" valueMin="1.17">1.17–1.39 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCEFFA1FA53615BE7D26088" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daymani">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FA53615BE7D26088" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. daymani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). From
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCEFFA1FEBF61BFE52E6088" box="[366,523,1411,1435]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cheesmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FEBF61BFE52E6088" box="[366,523,1411,1435]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. cheesmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the new species differs in its dark-brown iris in adults (light brown in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCEFFA1FA5361BFE62860AD" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cheesmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FA5361BFE62860AD" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. cheesmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), more extensive hand webbing (reaching no farther than base of penultimate tubercle on fourth finger in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCEFFA1FF6761F7E66A60F0" box="[182,335,1483,1507]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cheesmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FF6761F7E66A60F0" box="[182,335,1483,1507]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. cheesmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), palpebral reticulum oriented more vertically (more obliquely in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCEFFA1FB9861F7E3C660F0" box="[1097,1251,1483,1507]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cheesmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FB9861F7E3C660F0" box="[1097,1251,1483,1507]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. cheesmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and with more horizontal cross-connections, irregular call structure (call a regular train of notes in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCEFFA1FBB861CBE2216315" box="[1129,1284,1518,1543]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cheesmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FBB861CBE2216315" box="[1129,1284,1518,1543]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. cheesmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), more rapid calling rate (1.03–1.36 calls/s in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCEFFA1FDC2622FE5896338" box="[531,684,1555,1579]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cheesmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FDC2622FE5896338" box="[531,684,1555,1579]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. cheesmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and higher dominant frequency of the call (1.84–1.96 Hz in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCEFFA1FA53622FE628635D" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cheesmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FA53622FE628635D" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. cheesmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). From
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCEFFA1FEA56203E6DE635D" box="[372,507,1590,1615]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bivocalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FEA56203E6DE635D" box="[372,507,1590,1615]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. bivocalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCEFFA1FDDB6203E5E7635D" box="[522,706,1590,1615]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intercastellus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FDDB6203E5E7635D" box="[522,706,1590,1615]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. intercastellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs in its shorter snout (EN/IN =
|
||
<quantity id="1A3C9B10FFCEFFA1FBBC620DE3D9635D" box="[1133,1276,1590,1614]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3274" metricValueMax="4.0132" metricValueMin="2.6416" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="in" value="1.31" valueMax="1.58" valueMin="1.04">1.04–1.58 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCEFFA1FAD56203E2AE635D" box="[1284,1419,1590,1615]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bivocalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FAD56203E2AE635D" box="[1284,1419,1590,1615]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. bivocalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), absence of sexually dimorphic color pattern, palpebral reticulum oriented more vertically (more obliquely in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCEFFA1FA536267E7D96385" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bivocalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FA536267E7D96385" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. bivocalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and with more horizontal cross-connections, irregular call structure of 1–6 slightly pulsed notes/call (calls consisting of unpulsed paired notes in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCEFFA1FD5B629FE43563A8" box="[650,784,1699,1723]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bivocalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FD5B629FE43563A8" box="[650,784,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. bivocalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), longer notes (0.076–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B8F05032FFCEFFA1FBDF6299E36B63A9" box="[1038,1102,1698,1722]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" precision="55" value="-0.106">0.106</geoCoordinate>
|
||
s in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCEFFA1FB55629FE22F63A8" box="[1156,1290,1699,1723]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bivocalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FB55629FE22F63A8" box="[1156,1290,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. bivocalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), more rapid calling rate (1.05–1.44 calls/s in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCEFFA1FDF462F3E59763CD" box="[549,690,1734,1759]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bivocalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FDF462F3E59763CD" box="[549,690,1734,1759]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. bivocalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and higher dominant frequency of call (1.56–1.72 Hz in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCEFFA1FA5362F3E7D96210" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bivocalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FA5362F3E7D96210" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">N. bivocalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="95DE657EFFCEFFBCFF166335E5C867DF" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="DD7B36F5FFCEFFA2FF166335E56E6797" blockId="13.[151,1437,258,2010]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1437,151,1042]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCEFFA1FF166335E6F86234" bold="true" box="[199,477,1806,1831]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="027F8857FFCEFFA1FEA76334E6F86234" box="[374,477,1807,1831]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. An adult male with right-lateral incision. Vomeropalatines with two patches of teeth (6 on right side, 5 on left) between internal nares. Vocal slits and sac present. Head moderately wide (HW/SV = 0.35), as wide as long (HL/SV = 0.35, HL/HW = 1.0); loreal region oblique; canthus rostralis rounded, concave; nostrils closer to tip of snout than to eyes; internarial distance slightly less than distance from external naris to eye (EN/IN = 1.05, IN/SV = 0.094, EN/SV = 0.099); snout rounded when viewed from the side or from above; eyes of moderate size (EY/SV = 0.12), not especially protuberant, eyelid only slightly less than width of interorbital distance; tympanic ring distinct but top margin covered by supratympanic skin fold, horizontal diameter less than half width of eye (TY/EY = 0.31). Supratympanic fold extends from behind eye to above forearm insertion. Skin of dorsal surfaces finely granular; ventral surfaces of body and thighs coarsely granular, smooth under arms and tibiae. Fingers slightly more than one-half webbed,
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCDFFA2FCDF653FE43C640F" bold="true" box="[782,793,260,284]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">I</emphasis>
|
||
2.5–2.5
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCDFFA2FC57653FE4B9640F" bold="true" box="[902,924,260,284]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">II</emphasis>
|
||
1.75–2.75
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCDFFA2FBF4653FE363640F" bold="true" box="[1061,1094,260,284]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">III</emphasis>
|
||
2.25–
|
||
<date id="A97A1035FFCDFFA2FB42653FE3EC640F" box="[1171,1225,260,284]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
2
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCDFFA2FB7D653FE3EC640F" bold="true" box="[1196,1225,260,284]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">IV</emphasis>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; relative lengths 3>4>2>1; tips flattened into discs bearing circum-marginal grooves; discs approximately 1.5 times width of penultimate phalanges on F2–F4 but barely wider than penultimate phalanx on F1; single subarticular tubercle present at base of each phalanx, the penultimate and antepenultimate tubercles circular and very prominently raised; each metacarpal with series of 2–4 small, raised tubercles; raised, circular outer metacarpal tubercle present, inner a long, low oval. First finger with a triangular nuptial pad of fine, light-brown dermal asperities, whose long base extends from center of inner metacarpal tubercle to penultimate phalangeal tubercle; nuptial pad approximately twice area of first finger disc. Toes well webbed,
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCDFFA2FCBB663BE450670B" bold="true" box="[874,885,512,536]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">I</emphasis>
|
||
1–
|
||
<date id="A97A1035FFCDFFA2FC4B65C4E4E7670B" box="[922,962,511,536]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
1
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCDFFA2FC7D663BE4E7670B" bold="true" box="[940,962,512,536]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">II</emphasis>
|
||
</date>
|
||
1–
|
||
<date id="A97A1035FFCDFFA2FC3765C4E33C670B" box="[998,1049,511,536]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
1
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCDFFA2FC29663BE33C670B" bold="true" box="[1016,1049,512,536]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">III</emphasis>
|
||
</date>
|
||
1–1.5
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCDFFA2FBB4663BE3A1670B" bold="true" box="[1125,1156,512,536]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">IV</emphasis>
|
||
1.5–
|
||
<date id="A97A1035FFCDFFA2FB1165C4E3C7670B" box="[1216,1250,511,536]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
1
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCDFFA2FB01663BE3C7670B" bold="true" box="[1232,1250,512,536]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">V</emphasis>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; relative lengths 4>5=3>2>1; tips flattened into discs with circum-marginal grooves; discs slightly wider than penultimate phalanges; inner metatarsal tubercle a prominent, short oval; outer absent.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A5D37665FFCDFFA2FC24667CE308674C" box="[1013,1069,583,607]" name="India" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Hind</collectingCountry>
|
||
legs moderately long (TL/SV = 0.53), with a small tubercle at the heel.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DD7B36F5FFCDFFA2FF1666ABE457664F" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1042]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">In preservative, dorsal ground color medium gray with few obscure, scattered dark-gray flecks; rear of thighs medium gray with medium-brown blotches; front of thighs pale gray; face medium gray. Venter dirty cream with brown punctations scattered throughout. Series of low white tubercles along outer margin of forearm. Hands and feet, including webbing, gray or gray brown. Iris dark brown. Lower eyelid with thick black upper margin, a palpebral reticulum consisting of many silver or pale-brown vertical lines with several horizontal crossconnections, and a lower half that is uniformly gray like the face.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DD7B36F5FFCDFFA2FF166752E61066B4" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1042]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCDFFA2FF166752E6F46693" box="[199,465,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Measurements (in mm).</emphasis>
|
||
—SV = 42.4, TL = 23.5, HW = 14.7, HL = 14.7, IN = 4.0, EN = 4.2, SN = 6.9, EY = 5.2, TY = 1.6.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DD7B36F5FFCDFFA2FF166789E2596101" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1042]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCDFFA2FF166789E61E66D8" bold="true" box="[199,315,946,971]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
Sexual differences are not obvious, except that females are larger than males (
|
||
<tableCitation id="9046034EFFCDFFA2FB7F6789E22066D9" box="[1198,1285,946,970]" captionStart="TABLE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,239,1090,1114]" captionTargetBox="[159,1406,1147,1664]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="TABLE 7. Mensural variation among adults and juveniles of Nyctimystes intercastellus." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/89BB667DFFCDFFA2FF466079E36F614A" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" tableUuid="89BB667DFFCDFFA2FF466079E36F614A">Table 7</tableCitation>
|
||
). Otherwise, mensural variation among adults is not remarkable. Juveniles, however, show larger values of all mensural features relative to SV than do adults (
|
||
<tableCitation id="9046034EFFCDFFA2FE3567C1E5676101" box="[484,578,1018,1042]" captionStart="TABLE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,239,1090,1114]" captionTargetBox="[159,1406,1147,1664]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="TABLE 7. Mensural variation among adults and juveniles of Nyctimystes intercastellus." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/89BB667DFFCDFFA2FF466079E36F614A" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" tableUuid="89BB667DFFCDFFA2FF466079E36F614A">Table 7</tableCitation>
|
||
). Juvenile values of EN/IN are, conversely, smaller than those for adults.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="89BB667DFFCDFFA2FF466079E36F614A" ID-Table-UUID="89BB667DFFCDFFA2FF466079E36F614A" box="[151,1098,1090,1114]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/89BB667DFFCDFFA2FF466079E36F614A" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" targetBox="[159,1406,1147,1664]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="DD7B36F5FFCDFFA2FF466079E36F614A" blockId="14.[151,1098,1090,1114]" box="[151,1098,1090,1114]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCDFFA2FF466079E62F6149" bold="true" box="[151,266,1090,1114]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">TABLE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Mensural variation among adults and juveniles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCDFFA2FCFF6079E367614A" box="[814,1090,1090,1113]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intercastellus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCDFFA2FCFF6079E367614A" box="[814,1090,1090,1113]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Nyctimystes intercastellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="DD7B36F5FFCDFFA2FF7460AAE2416393" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<table id="AFC4C455FFCD0053FF4E6040E25B6393" box="[159,1406,1147,1664]" gridcols="5" gridrows="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<tr id="63F434B7FFCD0053FF4E6040E25B61F7" box="[159,1406,1147,1252]" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFCD0053FF4E6040E62261F7" box="[159,263,1147,1252]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Character SV (mm)</th>
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFCD0053FEE56040E6A061F7" box="[308,389,1147,1252]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">mean 43.1</th>
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFCD0053FE7F6040E58C61F7" box="[430,681,1147,1252]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Males (
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCDFFA2FE2A6047E52D6182" box="[507,520,1148,1169]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 46) SD range 0.3668 36.6–47.7
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFCD0053FD1F6040E33061F7" box="[718,1045,1147,1252]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Females (
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCDFFA2FC5B6047E4B26182" box="[906,919,1148,1169]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 11) mean SD range 48.4 1.4676 42.7–55.5
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFCD0053FBEC6040E25B61F7" box="[1085,1406,1147,1252]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Juveniles (
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCDFFA2FB2B6047E2226182" box="[1274,1287,1148,1169]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 10) mean SD range 21.0 0.9362 17.3–25.8
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="63F434B7FFCD0053FF4E60CDE25B601F" box="[159,1406,1270,1292]" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFCD0053FF4E60CDE622601F" box="[159,263,1270,1292]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">TL/SV</th>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFCD0053FEE560CDE6A0601F" box="[308,389,1270,1292]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.53</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFCD0053FE7F60CDE58C601F" box="[430,681,1270,1292]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.0023 0.50–0.58</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFCD0053FD1F60CDE330601F" box="[718,1045,1270,1292]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.55 0.0058 0.50–0.57</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFCD0053FBEC60CDE25B601F" box="[1085,1406,1270,1292]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.58 0.0042 0.57–0.60</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="63F434B7FFCD0053FF4E611BE25B6025" box="[159,1406,1312,1334]" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFCD0053FF4E611BE6226025" box="[159,263,1312,1334]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">EN/SV</th>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFCD0053FEE5611BE6A06025" box="[308,389,1312,1334]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.098</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFCD0053FE7F611BE58C6025" box="[430,681,1312,1334]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.0006 0.090–0.107</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFCD0053FD1F611BE3306025" box="[718,1045,1312,1334]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.100 0.0012 0.095–0.106</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFCD0053FBEC611BE25B6025" box="[1085,1406,1312,1334]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.107 0.0013 0.100–0.113</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="63F434B7FFCD0053FF4E6172E25B604C" box="[159,1406,1353,1375]" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFCD0053FF4E6172E622604C" box="[159,263,1353,1375]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">IN/SV</th>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFCD0053FEE56172E6A0604C" box="[308,389,1353,1375]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.093</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFCD0053FE7F6172E58C604C" box="[430,681,1353,1375]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.0005 0.085–0.101</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFCD0053FD1F6172E330604C" box="[718,1045,1353,1375]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.090 0.0014 0.081–0.096</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFCD0053FBEC6172E25B604C" box="[1085,1406,1353,1375]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.113 0.0018 0.105–0.119</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="63F434B7FFCD0053FF4E6149E25B609B" box="[159,1406,1394,1416]" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFCD0053FF4E6149E622609B" box="[159,263,1394,1416]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">SN/SV</th>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFCD0053FEE56149E6A0609B" box="[308,389,1394,1416]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.16</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFCD0053FE7F6149E58C609B" box="[430,681,1394,1416]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.0009 0.15–0.17</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFCD0053FD1F6149E330609B" box="[718,1045,1394,1416]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.15 0.0023 0.14–0.16</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFCD0053FBEC6149E25B609B" box="[1085,1406,1394,1416]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.17 0.0025 0.15–0.18</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="63F434B7FFCD0053FF4E61A7E25B60A1" box="[159,1406,1436,1458]" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFCD0053FF4E61A7E62260A1" box="[159,263,1436,1458]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">TY/SV</th>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFCD0053FEE561A7E6A060A1" box="[308,389,1436,1458]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.042</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFCD0053FE7F61A7E58C60A1" box="[430,681,1436,1458]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.0005 0.032–0.051</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFCD0053FD1F61A7E33060A1" box="[718,1045,1436,1458]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.044 0.0007 0.040–0.047</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFCD0053FBEC61A7E25B60A1" box="[1085,1406,1436,1458]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.044 0.0015 0.034–0.051</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="63F434B7FFCD0053FF4E61FEE25B60C8" box="[159,1406,1477,1499]" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFCD0053FF4E61FEE62260C8" box="[159,263,1477,1499]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">EY/SV</th>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFCD0053FEE561FEE6A060C8" box="[308,389,1477,1499]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.12</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFCD0053FE7F61FEE58C60C8" box="[430,681,1477,1499]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.0012 0.11–0.14</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFCD0053FD1F61FEE33060C8" box="[718,1045,1477,1499]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.11 0.0019 0.10–0.12</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFCD0053FBEC61FEE25B60C8" box="[1085,1406,1477,1499]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.14 0.0015 0.13–0.14</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="63F434B7FFCD0053FF4E61D5E25B6317" box="[159,1406,1518,1540]" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFCD0053FF4E61D5E6226317" box="[159,263,1518,1540]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">HW/SV</th>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFCD0053FEE561D5E6A06317" box="[308,389,1518,1540]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.35</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFCD0053FE7F61D5E58C6317" box="[430,681,1518,1540]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.0017 0.33–0.39</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFCD0053FD1F61D5E3306317" box="[718,1045,1518,1540]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.35 0.0047 0.33–0.38</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFCD0053FBEC61D5E25B6317" box="[1085,1406,1518,1540]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.39 0.0031 0.37–0.40</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="63F434B7FFCD0053FF4E6223E25B633D" box="[159,1406,1560,1582]" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFCD0053FF4E6223E622633D" box="[159,263,1560,1582]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">HL/SV</th>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFCD0053FEE56223E6A0633D" box="[308,389,1560,1582]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.34</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFCD0053FE7F6223E58C633D" box="[430,681,1560,1582]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.0018 0.33–0.38</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFCD0053FD1F6223E330633D" box="[718,1045,1560,1582]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.33 0.0021 0.32–0.35</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFCD0053FBEC6223E25B633D" box="[1085,1406,1560,1582]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.37 0.0036 0.34–0.48</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="63F434B7FFCD0053FF4E627AE25B6344" box="[159,1406,1601,1623]" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFCD0053FF4E627AE6226344" box="[159,263,1601,1623]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">EN/IN</th>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFCD0053FEE5627AE6A06344" box="[308,389,1601,1623]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1.06</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFCD0053FE7F627AE58C6344" box="[430,681,1601,1623]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.0063 1.00–1.15</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFCD0053FD1F627AE3306344" box="[718,1045,1601,1623]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1.12 0.0148 1.05–1.19</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFCD0053FBEC627AE25B6344" box="[1085,1406,1601,1623]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.95 0.0147 0.86–1.00</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="63F434B7FFCD0053FF4E6251E25B6393" box="[159,1406,1642,1664]" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFCD0053FF4E6251E6226393" box="[159,263,1642,1664]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">HL/HW</th>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFCD0053FEE56251E6A06393" box="[308,389,1642,1664]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.98</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFCD0053FE7F6251E58C6393" box="[430,681,1642,1664]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.0032 0.94–1.02</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFCD0053FD1F6251E3306393" box="[718,1045,1642,1664]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.97 0.0085 0.90–0.99</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFCD0053FBEC6251E25B6393" box="[1085,1406,1642,1664]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">0.96 0.0075 0.92–1.00</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DD7B36F5FFCDFFA3FF1662FEE7DC65C7" blockId="14.[151,1437,1733,2009]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1436,151,1004]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">The heel tubercle is small but always obvious and almost always tipped with white. Hand webbing reaches to anywhere between the base and top of the penultimate tubercles of F4 and F2. Series of tubercles along the metacarpals are evident in most specimens but not all, the variation apparently being a preservation artifact. Tubercles on the hands are generally small, circular, and well raised. The third and fifth toes are generally subequal in length. The palpebral reticulum runs vertically without a very oblique angle, and it has several to many horizontal cross-connections; these lines vary from rather sparse to dense and in color from silver to pale brown. Males have vocal slits and a nuptial pad of fine, light-brown dermal asperities in approximately an L shape, with the main body of the pad lying between and dorsal to the penultimate phalangeal tubercle and inner metacarpal tubercle, and with a short ventral tail extending posteriorly along the dorsal margin of the inner metacarpal tubercle.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DD7B36F5FFCCFFA3FF1664E4E41D6797" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,1004]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
Males are typically gray brown, either uniformly so or flecked or mottled with black or dark gray brown; some females are the same. One male has a few pale-tan flecks; another male and one immature specimen have small beige blotches above the sacrum and on the shanks. Eight females are pale orange brown with black spots or punctations (
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCCFFA3FEFA6576E61C6477" box="[299,313,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 2) or mottled with darker brown (
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCCFFA3FD336576E5D56477" box="[738,752,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 3). Juveniles are pale orange brown or tan mottled with brown. Venters are white with fine brown stippling, giving an overall impression of dirty white; juveniles have brighter white venters. Frogs with dorsal mottling or flecking usually have the rear of thighs orange brown or tan or pale gray brown irregularly barred with darker orange brown; frogs that are uniformly brown above are also typically uniformly brown on backs of thighs. Rear of thighs of the smallest juveniles are yellow brown, with those of older juveniles turning to caramel orange. The frogs from Normanby Island are more uniformly gray brown (males) or pale orange brown (females), with little obvious blotching, mottling, or spotting. These pattern elements are more common on the frogs from Fergusson Island. All adults have dark-brown irises, but all juveniles have pale-tan irises, so an ontogenetic change clearly takes place.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DD7B36F5FFCCFFA3FF1666B4E36666FF" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,1004]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCCFFA3FF1666B4E67B67BB" bold="true" box="[199,350,655,680]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Color in life.</emphasis>
|
||
Field notes for BPBM 16481 noted the dorsum to be chocolate brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="45FF2A70FFCCFFA3FB5A66B4E3EE67B4" box="[1163,1227,655,679]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1913,1936]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,462,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,447,1891]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Portraits in life of (A) Nyctimystes cheesmani, BPBM 18293, Fane, Central Province; (B) N. cheesmani, BPBM 18294, Fane, Central Province; (C) male N. bivocalis, BPBM 15206, Cloudy Mts., Milne Bay Province; (D) female N. bivocalis, BPBM 15209, Cloudy Mts., Milne Bay Province; (E) N. intercastellus, BPBM 16481, Fergusson Is., Milne Bay Province; (F) N. intercastellus, BPBM 37765, Normanby Is., Milne Bay Province." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211971/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
E), the ventrum to be dirty white with a slight lavender wash posteriorly, a white fringe along the forearms, the iris brown, and the palpebral reticulum gold. For specimens BPBM 17942, 17950, and 17958, the dorsum was mottled dark and light orange-brown, with the webbing of the same color or varying to bright orange. The chin, throat, and chest of these animals was white, changing to pale orange or orange-brown on the abdomen and under the limbs. The palpebral reticulum of each was white. In contrast, BPBM 17937–17941 and 17943 had the dorsum and webbing uniform olive-brown, the venter white with a dark-purple wash (darker under legs), and the palpebral reticulum bronze; BPBM 17944 was similar to these but with a pale violet cast. A color image of BPBM 37765 shows a pale tan animal with a few scattered gray flecks, which are likely scar tissue, and some yellow on the webbing of the foot (
|
||
<figureCitation id="45FF2A70FFCCFFA3FF4E67EFE7FA66FF" box="[159,223,980,1004]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1913,1936]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,462,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,447,1891]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Portraits in life of (A) Nyctimystes cheesmani, BPBM 18293, Fane, Central Province; (B) N. cheesmani, BPBM 18294, Fane, Central Province; (C) male N. bivocalis, BPBM 15206, Cloudy Mts., Milne Bay Province; (D) female N. bivocalis, BPBM 15209, Cloudy Mts., Milne Bay Province; (E) N. intercastellus, BPBM 16481, Fergusson Is., Milne Bay Province; (F) N. intercastellus, BPBM 37765, Normanby Is., Milne Bay Province." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211971/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
F). This pale color pattern was typical of animals resting during the daytime.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DD7B36F5FFCCFFA3FF4663B3E64562F1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<table id="AFC4C455FFCC0053FF4663B3E2B962F0" box="[151,1436,1928,2019]" gridcols="3" gridrows="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<tr id="63F434B7FFCC0053FF4663B3E2B9628C" box="[151,1436,1928,1951]" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFCC0053FF4663B3E594628C" box="[151,689,1928,1951]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCCFFA3FF4663B3E63C628D" bold="true" box="[151,281,1928,1951]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
(A) Waveform, (B) power spectrum,
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFCC0053FD6D63B3E49C628C" box="[700,953,1928,1951]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">and (C) spectrogram of</th>
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFCC0053FC1763B3E2B9628C" box="[966,1436,1928,1951]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
eight one- to five-note calls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCCFFA3FAF263B1E2B9628C" box="[1315,1436,1930,1951]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCCFFA3FAF263B1E2B9628C" box="[1315,1436,1930,1951]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Nyctimystes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="63F434B7FFCC0053FF466391E2B962D3" box="[151,1436,1962,1984]" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFCC0053FF466391E59462D3" box="[151,689,1962,1984]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFCCFFA3FF466391E63B62D3" box="[151,286,1962,1984]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intercastellus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFCCFFA3FF466391E63B62D3" box="[151,286,1962,1984]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">intercastellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, BPBM 17938, recorded near Sewa
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFCC0053FD6D6391E49C62D3" box="[700,953,1962,1984]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Bay, Normanby Island,</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFCC0053FC176391E2B962D3" box="[966,1436,1962,1984]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Milne Bay Province, 27 January 2003, air</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="63F434B7FFCC0053FF4663F6E2B962F0" box="[151,1436,1997,2019]" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFCC0053FF4663F6E59462F0" box="[151,689,1997,2019]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">temperature 25.8 C.</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DD7B36F5FFD3FFBCFF1664ACE5C867DF" blockId="16.[151,1436,151,716]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFD3FFBCFF1664ACE7DA65A3" bold="true" box="[199,255,151,176]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Call.</emphasis>
|
||
The call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFD3FFBCFE5E64A2E59165A3" box="[399,692,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intercastellus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFD3FFBCFE5E64A2E59165A3" box="[399,692,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Nyctimystes intercastellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
consists of short, unmodulated, slightly pulsed croaks (
|
||
<figureCitation id="45FF2A70FFD3FFBCFAE264ACE2A765BC" box="[1331,1410,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1912,1935]" captionTargetBox="[175,1412,1121,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[160,1427,1093,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Expanded waveforms and spectrograms showing note structure for (A) Nyctimystes cheesmani from Fane, Central Province (uncaptured), (B) N. bivocalis (BPBM 15202) from Cloudy Mts., Milne Bay Province, and (C) N. intercastellus (BPBM 17938) from Normanby Island, Milne Bay Province." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211973/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
C, 7C) usually delivered in clusters of 3–6 notes/call, but with single notes frequently interspersed among the longer calls (Figs. 7A, C, 8). The number of notes/call varies in no apparent pattern as the frog calls, but most calls have a middling number of notes, usually three, four, or five (
|
||
<figureCitation id="45FF2A70FFD3FFBCFCC4653FE478640F" box="[789,861,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1953,1976]" captionTargetBox="[162,1416,187,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,163,1957]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. Number of notes / call for three specimens of Nyctimystes intercastellus. (Top) Summary numbers across all three specimens; (Bottom) individual variation for BPBM 17937 (black bars), BPBM 17938 (gray bars), and BPBM 17949 (open bars)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211977/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). Calls vary from 0.19–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B8F05032FFD3FFBCFBAF653FE38A640F" box="[1150,1199,260,284]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="555" value="-3.6">3.60</geoCoordinate>
|
||
s, depending on the number of notes/call, and intervals between calls are longer, varying from 0.81–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B8F05032FFD3FFBCFBF6651CE342642C" box="[1063,1127,295,319]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="555" value="-20.68">20.68</geoCoordinate>
|
||
s overall and with average intervals between calls varying little (4.86–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B8F05032FFD3FFBCFDAF6577E58A6477" box="[638,687,332,356]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="555" value="-5.09">5.09</geoCoordinate>
|
||
s) among the three frogs recorded by me (
|
||
<tableCitation id="9046034EFFD3FFBCFB5C6577E3C66477" box="[1165,1251,332,356]" captionStart="TABLE 8" captionStartId="16.[151,239,763,787]" captionTargetBox="[165,1412,852,1006]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="TABLE 8. Call data for three specimens of Nyctimystes intercastellus from Normanby Island. Numbers for call parameters are mean ± SD (range)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/89BB667DFFD3FFBCFF4666C0E5296620" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" tableUuid="89BB667DFFD3FFBCFF4666C0E5296620">Table 8</tableCitation>
|
||
). Note duration is relatively short (0.188–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B8F05032FFD3FFBCFE676554E6D36494" box="[438,502,367,391]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="55" value="-0.32">0.320</geoCoordinate>
|
||
s) and is approximately equal to inter-note length for calls consisting of multi-note clusters, although notes average of slightly shorter duration than do intervals between notes within multi-note calls (
|
||
<tableCitation id="9046034EFFD3FFBCFF4F658CE7D064DC" box="[158,245,439,463]" captionStart="TABLE 8" captionStartId="16.[151,239,763,787]" captionTargetBox="[165,1412,852,1006]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="TABLE 8. Call data for three specimens of Nyctimystes intercastellus from Normanby Island. Numbers for call parameters are mean ± SD (range)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/89BB667DFFD3FFBCFF4666C0E5296620" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" tableUuid="89BB667DFFD3FFBCFF4666C0E5296620">Table 8</tableCitation>
|
||
). For multi-note calls, note length usually shortens progressively within the sequence; BPBM 17949 had more exceptions to this rule than did the other two recorded frogs. Similarly, interval length between subsequent notes in multi-note calls is usually shortened sequentially, except that for most multi-note calls interval length between the last two notes increases from that of the penultimate interval. Waveforms of the first note or two in multi-note calls are distinctly bimodal, with low amplitude at the beginning of the note and higher amplitude in its second half; later notes in the sequence are of similar amplitude throughout (
|
||
<figureCitation id="45FF2A70FFD3FFBCFBC46657E37F6797" box="[1045,1114,620,644]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1912,1935]" captionTargetBox="[175,1412,1121,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[160,1427,1093,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Expanded waveforms and spectrograms showing note structure for (A) Nyctimystes cheesmani from Fane, Central Province (uncaptured), (B) N. bivocalis (BPBM 15202) from Cloudy Mts., Milne Bay Province, and (C) N. intercastellus (BPBM 17938) from Normanby Island, Milne Bay Province." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211973/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Dominant frequency of notes varied little, with averages among the three frogs ranging from 2040–2310 Hz and overall variation among notes ranging from 1950–2460 Hz (Fig. 7B,
|
||
<tableCitation id="9046034EFFD3FFBCFD5A668FE5FA67DF" box="[651,735,692,716]" captionStart="TABLE 8" captionStartId="16.[151,239,763,787]" captionTargetBox="[165,1412,852,1006]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="TABLE 8. Call data for three specimens of Nyctimystes intercastellus from Normanby Island. Numbers for call parameters are mean ± SD (range)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/89BB667DFFD3FFBCFF4666C0E5296620" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" tableUuid="89BB667DFFD3FFBCFF4666C0E5296620">Table 8</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="89BB667DFFD3FFBCFF4666C0E5296620" ID-Table-UUID="89BB667DFFD3FFBCFF4666C0E5296620" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/89BB667DFFD3FFBCFF4666C0E5296620" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" targetBox="[165,1412,852,1006]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="DD7B36F5FFD3FFBCFF4666C0E5296620" blockId="16.[151,1436,763,819]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFD3FFBCFF4666C0E62A6600" bold="true" box="[151,271,763,787]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">TABLE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Call data for three specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFD3FFBCFD4666C7E4946600" box="[663,945,764,787]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intercastellus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFD3FFBCFD4666C7E4946600" box="[663,945,764,787]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Nyctimystes intercastellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Normanby Island. Numbers for call parameters are mean ± SD (range).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="DD7B36F5FFD3FFBCFF74676FE22366FD" blockId="16.[165,1412,852,1414]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<table id="AFC4C455FFD30053FF74676FE2A166FD" box="[165,1412,852,1006]" gridcols="4" gridrows="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<tr id="63F434B7FFD30053FF74676FE2A16679" box="[165,1412,852,874]" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFD30053FF74676FE66A6679" box="[165,335,852,874]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Character</th>
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFD30053FDE2676FE59A6679" box="[563,703,852,874]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">BPBM 17937</th>
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFD30053FCA0676FE4D86679" box="[881,1021,852,874]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">BPBM 17938</th>
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFD30053FB65676FE2A16679" box="[1204,1412,852,874]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">BPBM 17949</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="63F434B7FFD30053FF7467BBE2A16684" box="[165,1412,896,919]" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFD30053FF7467BBE66A6684" box="[165,335,896,919]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Temperature (C)</th>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFD30053FDE267BBE59A6684" box="[563,703,896,919]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">25.6</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFD30053FCA067BBE4D86684" box="[881,1021,896,919]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">25.8</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFD30053FB6567BBE2A16684" box="[1204,1412,896,919]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">26.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="63F434B7FFD30053FF746797E2A166D1" box="[165,1412,940,962]" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFD30053FF746797E66A66D1" box="[165,335,940,962]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Number of calls</th>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFD30053FDE26797E59A66D1" box="[563,703,940,962]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">19</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFD30053FCA06797E4D866D1" box="[881,1021,940,962]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">16</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFD30053FB656797E2A166D1" box="[1204,1412,940,962]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">20</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="63F434B7FFD30053FF7467E3E2A166FD" box="[165,1412,984,1006]" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFD30053FF7467E3E66A66FD" box="[165,335,984,1006]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Number of notes</th>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFD30053FDE267E3E59A66FD" box="[563,703,984,1006]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">48</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFD30053FCA067E3E4D866FD" box="[881,1021,984,1006]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">47</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFD30053FB6567E3E2A166FD" box="[1204,1412,984,1006]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">55</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DD7B36F5FFD3FFBCFF74603FE2646095" blockId="16.[165,1412,852,1414]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<table id="AFC4C455FFD30053FF74603FE2A16095" box="[165,1412,1028,1414]" gridcols="4" gridrows="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<tr id="63F434B7FFD30053FF74603FE2A16108" box="[165,1412,1028,1051]" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFD30053FF74603FE6EC6108" box="[165,457,1028,1051]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Duration of call sequence (s)</th>
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFD30053FE3F603FE4266108" box="[494,771,1028,1051]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">110</th>
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFD30053FCE2603FE3196108" box="[819,1084,1028,1051]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">92</th>
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFD30053FBBE603FE2A16108" box="[1135,1412,1028,1051]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">119</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="63F434B7FFD30053FF74600BE2A16155" box="[165,1412,1072,1094]" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFD30053FF74600BE6EC6155" box="[165,457,1072,1094]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Call rate (calls/s)</th>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFD30053FE3F600BE4266155" box="[494,771,1072,1094]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.17</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFD30053FCE2600BE3196155" box="[819,1084,1072,1094]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.17</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFD30053FBBE600BE2A16155" box="[1135,1412,1072,1094]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.17</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="63F434B7FFD30053FF746067E2A16160" box="[165,1412,1116,1139]" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFD30053FF746067E6EC6160" box="[165,457,1116,1139]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Call duration (s)</th>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFD30053FE3F6067E4266160" box="[494,771,1116,1139]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1.13 ± 0.2399 (0.25–3.60)</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFD30053FCE26067E3196160" box="[819,1084,1116,1139]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1.11 ± 0.1692 (0.23–2.05)</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFD30053FBBE6067E2A16160" box="[1135,1412,1116,1139]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1.14 ± 0.1641 (0.19–2.41)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="63F434B7FFD30053FF7460B3E2A1618C" box="[165,1412,1160,1183]" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFD30053FF7460B3E6EC618C" box="[165,457,1160,1183]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Interval between calls (s)</th>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFD30053FE3F60B3E426618C" box="[494,771,1160,1183]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">4.88 ± 1.0749 (0.81–20.68)</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFD30053FCE260B3E319618C" box="[819,1084,1160,1183]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">4.86 ± 0.3845 (2.78–8.11)</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFD30053FBBE60B3E2A1618C" box="[1135,1412,1160,1183]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">5.09 ± 0.5845 (1.14–10.52)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="63F434B7FFD30053FF74608FE2A161FF" box="[165,1412,1204,1260]" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFD30053FF74608FE6EC61FF" box="[165,457,1204,1260]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Note duration (s)</th>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFD30053FE3F608FE42661FF" box="[494,771,1204,1260]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.264 ± 0.0030 (0.222–0.320)</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFD30053FCE2608FE31961FF" box="[819,1084,1204,1260]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.222 ± 0.0029 (0.189–0.262)</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFD30053FBBE608FE2A161FF" box="[1135,1412,1204,1260]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.222 ± 0.0018 (0.193–0.262)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="63F434B7FFD30053FF746139E2A16029" box="[165,1412,1282,1338]" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFD30053FF746139E6EC6029" box="[165,457,1282,1338]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Interval between notes (s)</th>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFD30053FE3F6139E4266029" box="[494,771,1282,1338]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.307 ± 0.0141 (0.228–0.587)</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFD30053FCE26139E3196029" box="[819,1084,1282,1338]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.242 ± 0.0105 (0.177–0.448)</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFD30053FBBE6139E2A16029" box="[1135,1412,1282,1338]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">0.306 ± 0.0169 (0.209–0.605)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="63F434B7FFD30053FF746174E2A16095" box="[165,1412,1359,1414]" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFD30053FF746174E6EC6095" box="[165,457,1359,1414]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Dominant frequency (Hz)</th>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFD30053FE3F6174E4266095" box="[494,771,1359,1414]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">2.039 ± 0.0065 (1.956–2.143)</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFD30053FCE26174E3196095" box="[819,1084,1359,1414]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">2.242 ± 0.0053 (2.125–2.304)</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFD30053FBBE6174E2A16095" box="[1135,1412,1359,1414]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">2.310 ± 0.0065 (2.206–2.464)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection id="95DE657EFFD3FFBCFF1661F3E63662A7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="DD7B36F5FFD3FFBCFF1661F3E2296317" blockId="16.[151,1436,1480,1972]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFD3FFBCFF1661F3E66B60F3" bold="true" box="[199,334,1480,1504]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The name is a masculine singular Latin compound adjective meaning “between the castles” and is a direct translation of “D’Entrecasteaux”, the name of the archipelago to which this species is limited.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DD7B36F5FFD3FFBCFF16622BE3B96363" blockId="16.[151,1436,1480,1972]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFD3FFBCFF16622BE63F633B" bold="true" box="[199,282,1552,1576]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Range.</emphasis>
|
||
Known from Fergusson, Goodenough, and Normanby islands of the D’Entrecasteaux Archipelago (
|
||
<figureCitation id="45FF2A70FFD3FFBCFF4E620FE7C6635F" box="[159,227,1588,1612]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1074,1097]" captionTargetBox="[236,1323,229,1017]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[228,1337,215,1040]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Map of the Southeastern Peninsula of New Guinea showing localities for Nyctimystes cheesmani (star), N. bivocalis (circles), and N. intercastellus (triangles). Type localities are solid symbols; additional localities are open symbols." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211975/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
, triangles). It does not appear to occur on the adjacent mainland of New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A5D37665FFD3FFBCFBC9620FE34C635F" box="[1048,1129,1588,1612]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
nor on the larger islands of the Louisiade Archipelago, so it is almost certainly endemic to the D’Entrecasteaux islands.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DD7B36F5FFD3FFBCFF166247E63662A7" blockId="16.[151,1436,1480,1972]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFD3FFBCFF166247E6B56386" bold="true" box="[199,400,1660,1685]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Ecological notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Animals were common along fast-moving streams at elevations ranging from
|
||
<quantity id="1A3C9B10FFD3FFBCFAC56247E2BD6387" box="[1300,1432,1660,1684]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" metricValueMax="9.6" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="540.0" valueMax="960.0" valueMin="120.0">
|
||
120–
|
||
<specimenCount id="CBC2FD7CFFD3FFBCFA9A6247E2BD6387" box="[1355,1432,1660,1684]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="generic">960 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
. The upper-elevation stream was shallow and on a wide (ca.
|
||
<quantity id="1A3C9B10FFD3FFBCFC83629BE4B463AB" box="[850,913,1696,1720]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
|
||
), smooth, rock bed, but the stream itself was typically only
|
||
<quantity id="1A3C9B10FFD3FFBCFE9162FFE6AE63CF" box="[320,395,1732,1756]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 m</quantity>
|
||
wide. This stream had a series of narrow runs and a few small pools, with many large boulders present in sections. Lowland streams were shallow, fast-moving, and very wide (ca.
|
||
<quantity id="1A3C9B10FFD3FFBCFB3462D3E26A6213" box="[1253,1359,1768,1792]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="27.5" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="15.0">15–40 m</quantity>
|
||
). The upland site on Oya Tabu was well-developed small-crowned lowland hill forest (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B9554B04FFD3FFBCFB806337E2226237" author="Paijmans" box="[1105,1287,1804,1828]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Paijmans, K. (1975) Vegetation of Papua New Guinea. CSIRO Land Research Series, 35, 1 - 25 + 4 maps." type="book chapter" year="1975">Paijmans, 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B9554B04FFD3FFBCFAC76337E2776237" author="Paijmans" box="[1302,1362,1804,1828]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Paijmans, K. (1976) New Guinea vegetation. Australian National University Press, Canberra, Australia, 212 pp." type="book" year="1976">1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), with canopy at approximately
|
||
<quantity id="1A3C9B10FFD3FFBCFE6B630BE53A625B" box="[442,543,1840,1864]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="22.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="20.0">20–25 m</quantity>
|
||
and emergents to 30+ m. The lowland sites on Normanby Island were welldeveloped lowland rainforest with canopy of approximately
|
||
<quantity id="1A3C9B10FFD3FFBCFC96636FE4A7627F" box="[839,898,1876,1900]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="35.0">35 m</quantity>
|
||
and relatively dense understory. The Awavulu River site on western Fergusson Island was in a heavily disturbed lowland area of secondary scrub and open vegetation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |