564 lines
72 KiB
XML
564 lines
72 KiB
XML
<document id="09D842400D2AB2D72CAF99CFAD8E70D1" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.211970" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f07bd552-644e-4a0d-96b2-e892caa87ecf" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="211970" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460535182056" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kraus, Fred" docDate="2012" docId="556D87E3FFC0FFAAFF4664ACE625674C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03493p026.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3493" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Nyctimystes cheesmani" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="A954FF9BFFC3FFACFFD1643BE7256513" masterDocTitle="Identity of Nyctimystes cheesmani (Anura: Hylidae), with description of two new related species" masterLastPageNumber="26" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1698316263876" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="53F1E50E83160002CFF534517D8E506A">Identity of Nyctimystes cheesmani (Anura: Hylidae), with description of two new related species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="82E278DA6FD982D1900589889E5D76C2" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="5ACD3B77FE5F3FA1CD67A3A5222BCD96">Kraus, Fred</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="BBAB6D237D5AFC559FE828735B26F965">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="084818FC104FD384669E9562FA8454A7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="BB0D85BA2287AC9EF0F06A28D86ABB1D">
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<mods:date id="5B87E986C10E1EC078794FF4D302EA49">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="73C5AE2F80CA7CCD1CC242C2B2DB9E9A" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="68B5F84B4F4140526258E994A4167409">3493</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="45850134F9F4E80B2157B08AF77E93D9">1</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="0682CAF130082D5075557A634D9181D5" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.211970</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B484FB88FC86D60BF21592730E2214DD" type="GBIF-Dataset">f07bd552-644e-4a0d-96b2-e892caa87ecf</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1751695D6C495AD12A9A6D7ACC1596EF" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6CA5288E539B25DA615537D6442A0B84" type="Zenodo-Dep">211970</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="556D87E3FFC0FFAAFF4664ACE625674C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6174006" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119527496" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6174006" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:556D87E3FFC0FFAAFF4664ACE625674C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/556D87E3FFC0FFAAFF4664ACE625674C" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<subSubSection id="95DE657EFFC0FFAFFF4664ACE62865C1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="DD7B36F5FFC0FFAFFF4664ACE68B65A2" blockId="3.[151,430,151,210]" box="[151,430,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<heading id="86338199FFC0FFAFFF4664ACE68B65A2" bold="true" box="[151,430,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC0FFAFFF4664ACE68B65A2" ID-CoL="485MV" box="[151,430,151,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cheesmani">
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<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC0FFAFFF4664ACE68B65A2" bold="true" box="[151,430,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Nyctimystes cheesmani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DD7B36F5FFC0FFAFFF466481E62865C1" blockId="3.[151,430,151,210]" box="[151,269,186,210]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<figureCitation id="45FF2A70FFC0FFAFFF466481E7F165C1" box="[151,212,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1913,1936]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,462,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,447,1891]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Portraits in life of (A) Nyctimystes cheesmani, BPBM 18293, Fane, Central Province; (B) N. cheesmani, BPBM 18294, Fane, Central Province; (C) male N. bivocalis, BPBM 15206, Cloudy Mts., Milne Bay Province; (D) female N. bivocalis, BPBM 15209, Cloudy Mts., Milne Bay Province; (E) N. intercastellus, BPBM 16481, Fergusson Is., Milne Bay Province; (F) N. intercastellus, BPBM 37765, Normanby Is., Milne Bay Province." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211971/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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A, B
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="95DE657EFFC0FFAFFF466538E5686480" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="DD7B36F5FFC0FFAFFF466538E6736424" blockId="3.[151,1436,258,403]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="FDD411DBFFC0FFAFFF466538E6736424" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC0FFAFFF466538E53B640B" ID-CoL="485NM" authority="Parker, 1936: 80" authorityName="Parker" authorityPageNumber="80" authorityYear="1936" box="[151,542,258,280]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montana">
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<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC0FFAFFF466538E64A640B" box="[151,367,259,280]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Nyctimystes montana</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="5C6510E4FFC0FFAFFEA56539E53B640B" author="Parker" box="[372,542,258,280]" page="80" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1936">
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<bibRefCitation id="B9554B04FFC0FFAFFEA56539E6DD640B" author="Parker" box="[372,504,258,280]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Parker, H. W. (1936) A collection of reptiles and amphibians from the mountains of British New Guinea. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 10 th series, 17, 66 - 93." type="journal article" year="1936">Parker, 1936</bibRefCitation>
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: 80
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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<typeStatus id="027F8857FFC0FFAFFDFC6538E57A640B" box="[557,607,259,280]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Type</typeStatus>
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locality: Mondo [approximately 8.5909˚ S, 147.1280˚ E, Central Province,
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<collectingCountry id="A5D37665FFC0FFAFFA8F6538E6696424" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC0FFAFFA8F6538E2B9640B" box="[1374,1436,259,280]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papua">Papua</taxonomicName>
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New Guinea
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</collectingCountry>
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].
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DD7B36F5FFC0FFAFFF46657AE56D6445" blockId="3.[151,1436,258,403]" box="[151,584,320,342]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="FDD411DBFFC0FFAFFF46657AE56D6445" box="[151,584,320,342]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC0FFAFFF46657AE6A46445" ID-CoL="485MV" box="[151,385,320,342]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cheesmani">
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<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC0FFAFFF46657AE6A46445" box="[151,385,320,342]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Nyctimystes cheesmani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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—
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<treatmentCitation id="5C6510E4FFC0FFAFFE4A657BE5616445" author="Tyler" box="[411,580,320,342]" page="268" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1964">
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<bibRefCitation id="B9554B04FFC0FFAFFE4A657BE5346445" author="Tyler" box="[411,529,320,342]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Tyler, M. J. (1964) An investigation of the systematic position and synonymy of Hyla montana Peters and Doria (Anura, Hylidae). Zoologische Abhandlungen aus dem Staatlischen Museum fur Tierkunde, Dresden, 27, 265 - 270." type="journal article" year="1964">Tyler, 1964</bibRefCitation>
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: 268
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DD7B36F5FFC0FFAFFF46655BE54B6467" blockId="3.[151,1436,258,403]" box="[151,622,350,373]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="FDD411DBFFC0FFAFFF46655BE54B6467" box="[151,622,350,373]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC0FFAFFF46655BE6B76466" ID-CoL="3VMJ8" box="[151,402,351,373]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cheesmanae">
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<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC0FFAFFF46655BE6B76466" box="[151,402,351,373]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Nyctimystes cheesmanae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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—
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<treatmentCitation id="5C6510E4FFC0FFAFFE7D6565E54C6467" author="Menzies" box="[428,617,350,372]" page="45" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1976">
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<bibRefCitation id="B9554B04FFC0FFAFFE7D6565E5666467" author="Menzies" box="[428,579,350,372]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Menzies, J. I. (1976) Handbook of Common New Guinea Frogs. Wau Ecology Institute, Wau, Papua New Guinea, 74 pp." type="book" year="1976">Menzies, 1976</bibRefCitation>
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: 45
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DD7B36F5FFC0FFAFFF466545E5686480" blockId="3.[151,1436,258,403]" box="[151,589,381,403]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="FDD411DBFFC0FFAFFF466545E5686480" box="[151,589,381,403]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC0FFAFFF466545E66A6480" box="[151,335,381,403]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cheesmani">
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<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC0FFAFFF466545E66A6480" box="[151,335,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Litoria cheesmani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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—
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<treatmentCitation id="5C6510E4FFC0FFAFFEB96545E56D6480" author="Frost" box="[360,584,381,403]" page="362" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="2006">
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<bibRefCitation id="B9554B04FFC0FFAFFEB96545E5336480" author="Frost" box="[360,534,381,403]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Frost, D. R., Grant, T., Faivovich, J., Bain, R. H., Haas, A., Haddad, C. F. B., de Sa, R. O., Channing, A., Wilkinson, M., Donnellan, S. C., Raxworthy, C. J., Campbell, J. A., Blotto, B. L., Moler, P., Drewes, R. C., Nussbaum, R. A., Lynch, J. D., Green, D. M. & Wheeler, W. C. (2006) The amphibian tree of life. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 297, 1 - 370." type="journal article" year="2006">Frost et al., 2006</bibRefCitation>
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: 362
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="95DE657EFFC0FFAFFF466584E4C361BB" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="DD7B36F5FFC0FFAFFF466584E34E67A3" blockId="3.[151,1437,447,2020]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC0FFAFFF466584E63464CB" bold="true" box="[151,273,447,472]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC0FFAFFEC865FAE53B64CB" box="[281,542,448,472]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cheesmani">
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<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC0FFAFFEC865FAE53B64CB" box="[281,542,448,472]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Nyctimystes cheesmani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is unique in its combination of medium body size (male SV =
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<quantity id="1A3C9B10FFC0FFAFFB206584E2BD64C4" box="[1265,1432,447,471]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.205" metricValueMax="5.65" metricValueMin="4.76" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="52.05" valueMax="56.5" valueMin="47.6">47.6–56.5 mm</quantity>
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, female SV = 54.7–65.0 mm); presence of a small tubercle on heel; webbing on hand extending up to or below base of penultimate tubercle on fourth finger; tympanum exposed; palpebral reticulum well-developed, with an obliquely vertical orientation but with relatively few horizontal cross-connections; snout relatively broad (EN/IN = 0.98–1.36); iris pale tan or russet in adults; rear of thighs barred, blotched, or unicolor brown, caramel, or bluegray; males with vocal slits; and call a slow (0.289–
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<geoCoordinate id="B8F05032FFC0FFAFFD35664FE406679F" box="[740,803,628,652]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="55" value="-0.365">0.365</geoCoordinate>
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s), single-note, pulsed croak delivered relatively slowly (1.03–1.36 calls/s) in trains of 2–200+ and with a dominant frequency of 1.84–1.96 Hz.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DD7B36F5FFC0FFAFFF166680E4C361BB" blockId="3.[151,1437,447,2020]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC0FFAFFF166680E54267C7" bold="true" box="[199,615,699,724]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Comparisons with other species.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC0FFAFFDA96686E4A067C7" box="[632,901,700,724]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cheesmani">
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<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC0FFAFFDA96686E4A067C7" box="[632,901,700,724]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Nyctimystes cheesmani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs from
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<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC0FFAFFBE66686E39A67C7" box="[1079,1215,700,724]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="avocalis">
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<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC0FFAFFBE66686E39A67C7" box="[1079,1215,700,724]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">N. avocalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC0FFAFFB066686E24F67C7" box="[1239,1386,700,724]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="disruptus">
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<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC0FFAFFB066686E24F67C7" box="[1239,1386,700,724]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">N. disruptus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC0FFAFFA536686E63667EB" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oktediensis">
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||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC0FFAFFA536686E63667EB" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">N. oktediensis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC0FFAFFEF366DAE6AC67EB" box="[290,393,737,760]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papua">
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<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC0FFAFFEF366DAE6AC67EB" box="[290,393,737,760]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">N. papua</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC0FFAFFE4966DAE56867EB" box="[408,589,736,760]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trachydermis">
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<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC0FFAFFE4966DAE56867EB" box="[408,589,736,760]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">N. trachydermis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC0FFAFFD5D66DAE5CD67EB" box="[652,744,736,760]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tyleri">
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||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC0FFAFFD5D66DAE5CD67EB" box="[652,744,736,760]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">N. tyleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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in having (vs. lacking) vocal slits in males; from
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<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC0FFAFFACA66DAE2B067EB" box="[1307,1429,736,760]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="foricula">
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<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC0FFAFFACA66DAE2B067EB" box="[1307,1429,736,760]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">N. foricula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC0FFAFFF46673EE7D9660F" box="[151,252,773,796]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="granti">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC0FFAFFF46673EE7D9660F" box="[151,252,773,796]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">N. granti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC0FFAFFEDA673EE65E660F" box="[267,379,772,796]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC0FFAFFEDA673EE65E660F" box="[267,379,772,796]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">N. gularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC0FFAFFE5B673EE53E660F" box="[394,539,772,796]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="humeralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC0FFAFFE5B673EE53E660F" box="[394,539,772,796]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">N. humeralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC0FFAFFDFB673EE5B1660F" box="[554,660,772,796]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kubori">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC0FFAFFDFB673EE5B1660F" box="[554,660,772,796]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">N. kubori</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC0FFAFFD73673EE42A660F" box="[674,783,772,796]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kuduki">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC0FFAFFD73673EE42A660F" box="[674,783,772,796]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">N. kuduki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC0FFAFFCCD673EE48E660F" box="[796,939,773,796]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC0FFAFFCCD673EE48E660F" box="[796,939,773,796]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">N. montanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC0FFAFFC68673EE36D660F" box="[953,1096,773,796]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="narinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC0FFAFFC68673EE36D660F" box="[953,1096,773,796]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">N. narinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC0FFAFFB86673EE3C3660F" box="[1111,1254,772,796]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="persimilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC0FFAFFB86673EE3C3660F" box="[1111,1254,772,796]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">N. persimilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC0FFAFFAF4673EE2B9660F" box="[1317,1436,772,796]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zweifeli">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC0FFAFFAF4673EE2B9660F" box="[1317,1436,772,796]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">N. zweifeli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having (vs. lacking) a distinct tubercle on the heel; from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC0FFAFFCF86712E4966653" box="[809,947,808,832]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obsoletus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC0FFAFFCF86712E4966653" box="[809,947,808,832]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">N. obsoletus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having an exposed tympanum (hidden in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC0FFAFFF466776E6056677" box="[151,288,844,868]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obsoletus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC0FFAFFF466776E6056677" box="[151,288,844,868]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">N. obsoletus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC0FFAFFEA46776E6CE6677" box="[373,491,844,868]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulcher">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC0FFAFFEA46776E6CE6677" box="[373,491,844,868]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">N. pulcher</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its smaller size (female SV to
|
||
<quantity id="1A3C9B10FFC0FFAFFC8A6777E4896677" box="[859,940,844,868]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="84.0">84 mm</quantity>
|
||
, male SV to
|
||
<quantity id="1A3C9B10FFC0FFAFFBEB6777E3AD6677" box="[1082,1160,844,868]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="65.0">65 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC0FFAFFB7A6776E2056677" box="[1195,1312,844,868]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulcher">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC0FFAFFB7A6776E2056677" box="[1195,1312,844,868]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">N. pulcher</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and small tubercle (vs. large lappet) on heel; from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC0FFAFFDBD674AE5DC669B" box="[620,761,880,904]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fluviatilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC0FFAFFDBD674AE5DC669B" box="[620,761,880,904]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">N. fluviatilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in lacking (vs. having) a row of pale-colored tubercles on outer edge of tarsus, having a thinner palpebral reticulum, and lacking bright orange on rear of thighs (present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC0FFAFFA5367AEE62466C3" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fluviatilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC0FFAFFA5367AEE62466C3" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">N. fluviatilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC0FFAFFE886782E6F966C3" box="[345,476,952,976]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daymani">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC0FFAFFE886782E6F966C3" box="[345,476,952,976]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">N. daymani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its greater size (male SV to
|
||
<quantity id="1A3C9B10FFC0FFAFFC91678CE4B766C3" box="[832,914,951,976]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="42.0">42 mm</quantity>
|
||
, female SV to
|
||
<quantity id="1A3C9B10FFC0FFAFFBEC678CE3A866C3" box="[1085,1165,951,976]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="48.0">48 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC0FFAFFB626782E21066C3" box="[1203,1333,952,976]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daymani">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC0FFAFFB626782E21066C3" box="[1203,1333,952,976]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">N. daymani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), shorter snout (EN/IN =
|
||
<quantity id="1A3C9B10FFC0FFAFFE9A67E7E6FD66E7" box="[331,472,988,1012]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2511999999999994" metricValueMax="3.5305999999999997" metricValueMin="2.9718" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="in" value="1.2799999999999998" valueMax="1.39" valueMin="1.17">1.17–1.39 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC0FFAFFE0F67E6E57A66E7" box="[478,607,988,1012]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daymani">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC0FFAFFE0F67E6E57A66E7" box="[478,607,988,1012]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">N. daymani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and tan or pale russet iris (dark brown in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC0FFAFFBEF67E6E39B66E7" box="[1086,1214,988,1012]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daymani">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC0FFAFFBEF67E6E39B66E7" box="[1086,1214,988,1012]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">N. daymani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC0FFAFFAC567E6E2BE66E7" box="[1300,1435,989,1012]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perimetri">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC0FFAFFAC567E6E2BE66E7" box="[1300,1435,989,1012]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">N. perimetri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its smaller size (male SV to
|
||
<quantity id="1A3C9B10FFC0FFAFFE2167C4E565610B" box="[496,576,1023,1048]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="61.0">61 mm</quantity>
|
||
, female SV to
|
||
<quantity id="1A3C9B10FFC0FFAFFD3667C4E413610B" box="[743,822,1023,1048]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="76.0">76 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC0FFAFFC88603AE4C7610B" box="[857,994,1025,1048]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perimetri">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC0FFAFFC88603AE4C7610B" box="[857,994,1025,1048]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">N. perimetri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and shorter snout (EN/IN =
|
||
<quantity id="1A3C9B10FFC0FFAFFAFD67C4E788612F" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5433" metricValueMax="3.9624" metricValueMin="3.1242" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="in" value="1.395" valueMax="1.56" valueMin="1.23">1.23–1.56 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC0FFAFFF68601EE663612F" box="[185,326,1061,1084]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perimetri">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC0FFAFFF68601EE663612F" box="[185,326,1061,1084]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">N. perimetri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC0FFAFFE0D601EE5B9612F" box="[476,668,1060,1084]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semipalmatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC0FFAFFE0D601EE5B9612F" box="[476,668,1060,1084]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">N. semipalmatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having less finger webbing (extending to or past penultimate tubercle of fourth finger in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC0FFAFFE216072E5976173" box="[496,690,1096,1120]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semipalmatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC0FFAFFE216072E5976173" box="[496,690,1096,1120]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">N. semipalmatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), brown or blue-gray on rear of thighs (bright orange in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC0FFAFFA536072E6146197" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semipalmatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC0FFAFFA536072E6146197" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">N. semipalmatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and a brown dorsum sometimes mottled or freckled with dark brown or black but without distinct black spots (light tan or gray with rounded black spots in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC0FFAFFCCD60AAE4F361BB" box="[796,982,1168,1192]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="semipalmatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC0FFAFFCCD60AAE4F361BB" box="[796,982,1168,1192]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">N. semipalmatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="95DE657EFFC0FFA9FF166088E265626C" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="DD7B36F5FFC0FFA8FF166088E50E640F" blockId="3.[151,1437,447,2020]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC0FFAFFF166088E67461DF" bold="true" box="[199,337,1203,1228]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Description</emphasis>
|
||
. This description is based only on the
|
||
<typeStatus id="027F8857FFC0FFAFFCD8608FE44E61DF" box="[777,875,1204,1228]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="CBC2FD7CFFC0FFAFFC72608FE31961DF" box="[931,1084,1204,1228]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="generic">17 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
collected by me from within
|
||
<quantity id="1A3C9B10FFC0FFAFFA5F608FE79E61FC" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
|
||
of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="027F8857FFC0FFAFFED960E3E61D61E3" box="[264,312,1240,1264]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality: Vomeropalatines with two patches of teeth between internal nares, approximately five teeth in each patch. Vocal slits and sac present. Head moderately wide (HW/SV mean = 0.34 ± 0.0016, range = 0.32–0.35), slightly longer than wide (HL/SV mean = 0.32 ± 0.0013, range = 0.31–0.34, HL/HW mean = 0.96 ± 0.0048, range = 0.93–1.01); loreal region oblique; canthus rostralis sharp, concave; nostrils closer to tip of snout than to eyes; internarial distance less than distance from external naris to eye (EN/IN mean = 1.07 ± 0.0119, range = 0.98–1.18, IN/SV mean = 0.084 ± 0.0005, range = 0.078–0.87, EN/SV mean = 0.090 ± 0.0007, range = 0.085–0.097); snout slightly rounded to truncate when viewed from the side, rounded at lip but pointed between nares when viewed from above; eyes of moderate size (EY/SV mean = 0.11 ± 0.0015, range = 0.10–0.12), not especially protuberant, eyelid approximately two-thirds width of interorbital distance; tympanic ring distinct but top margin covered by supratympanic skin fold, horizontal diameter less than half width of eye (TY/EY mean = 0.38 ± 0.0077, range = 0.34–0.48). Skin of dorsal surfaces finely granular; ventral surfaces of body and thighs coarsely granular, less so on chest, and smooth under arms and tibiae. Fingers less than one-half webbed between F3 and F4, web reaching no farther than base of penultimate tubercle of F4; webbing less extensive between F2 and F3 but sometimes reaching top of penultimate tubercle of F2; only basal webbing present between F1 and F2; relative lengths 3>4>2>1; tips flattened into discs bearing circum-marginal grooves; discs approximately twice width of penultimate phalanges on F2–F4 but only 1.5 times wider than penultimate phalanx on F1; single subarticular tubercle present at base of each phalanx; each metacarpal with series of 2–4 tubercles; low outer metacarpal tubercle present, inner a long, low oval. First finger of males with nuptial pad of fine, light-brown dermal asperities in approximately an L shape, with main body of pad lying between and dorsal to penultimate phalangeal tubercle and inner metacarpal tubercle, and with a ventral tail extending posteriorly along the dorsal margin of inner metacarpal tubercle. Toes well webbed, webbing stopping at or reaching past subarticular tubercle at base of penultimate phalanx of T4 and to bases of discs on remaining toes; relative lengths 4>5≈3>2>1; tips flattened into discs with circum-marginal grooves; discs slightly wider than penultimate phalanges; inner metatarsal tubercle a prominent oval, outer absent.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A5D37665FFC7FFA8FD256487E40965C7" box="[756,812,188,212]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Hind</collectingCountry>
|
||
legs moderately long (TL/SV mean = 0.54 ± 0.0027, range = 0.52–0.56), with a small tubercle at the heel. Mensural variation among features frequently diagnostic for Papuan hylids is not great (
|
||
<tableCitation id="9046034EFFC7FFA8FE17653FE53F640F" box="[454,538,260,284]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,239,331,355]" captionTargetBox="[165,1339,420,970]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. Mensural variation among adults of Nyctimystes cheesmani. Sample includes the holotype (male) and 17 specimens from nearby Fane." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/89BB667DFFC7FFA8FF466570E6F76490" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" tableUuid="89BB667DFFC7FFA8FF466570E6F76490">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="89BB667DFFC7FFA8FF466570E6F76490" ID-Table-UUID="89BB667DFFC7FFA8FF466570E6F76490" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/89BB667DFFC7FFA8FF466570E6F76490" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" targetBox="[165,1339,420,970]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="DD7B36F5FFC7FFA8FF466570E6F76490" blockId="4.[151,1436,331,387]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC7FFA8FF466570E6296470" bold="true" box="[151,268,331,355]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Mensural variation among adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC7FFA8FD746577E4BB6470" box="[677,926,332,355]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cheesmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC7FFA8FD746577E4BB6470" box="[677,926,332,355]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Nyctimystes cheesmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Sample includes the holotype (male) and 17 specimens from nearby Fane.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="DD7B36F5FFC7FFA8FF746581E20B66D9" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<table id="AFC4C455FFC70053FF74659FE21E66D9" box="[165,1339,420,970]" gridcols="4" gridrows="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<tr id="63F434B7FFC70053FF74659FE21E64F5" box="[165,1339,420,486]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFC70053FF74659FE62264F5" box="[165,263,420,486]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Character</th>
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFC70053FD8D659FE5B064F5" box="[604,661,420,486]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">mean</th>
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFC70053FCBE659FE32064F5" box="[879,1029,420,486]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Males (
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC7FFA8FC6D659EE4EC64A9" box="[956,969,421,442]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 18) SD
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFC70053FB6D659FE21E64F5" box="[1212,1339,420,486]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">range</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="63F434B7FFC70053FF7465C7E21E6701" box="[165,1339,508,530]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFC70053FF7465C7E6226701" box="[165,263,508,530]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">SV (mm)</th>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFC70053FD8D65C7E5B06701" box="[604,661,508,530]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">49.5</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFC70053FCBE65C7E3206701" box="[879,1029,508,530]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">0.3841</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFC70053FB6D65C7E21E6701" box="[1212,1339,508,530]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">46.3–52.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="63F434B7FFC70053FF746613E21E672D" box="[165,1339,552,574]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFC70053FF746613E622672D" box="[165,263,552,574]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">TL/SV</th>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFC70053FD8D6613E5B0672D" box="[604,661,552,574]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">0.54</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFC70053FCBE6613E320672D" box="[879,1029,552,574]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">0.0027</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFC70053FB6D6613E21E672D" box="[1212,1339,552,574]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">0.52–0.56</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="63F434B7FFC70053FF74666FE21E6779" box="[165,1339,596,618]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFC70053FF74666FE6226779" box="[165,263,596,618]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">EN/SV</th>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFC70053FD8D666FE5B06779" box="[604,661,596,618]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">0.090</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFC70053FCBE666FE3206779" box="[879,1029,596,618]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">0.0007</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFC70053FB6D666FE21E6779" box="[1212,1339,596,618]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">0.085–0.097</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="63F434B7FFC70053FF7466BBE21E6785" box="[165,1339,640,662]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFC70053FF7466BBE6226785" box="[165,263,640,662]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">IN/SV</th>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFC70053FD8D66BBE5B06785" box="[604,661,640,662]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">0.084</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFC70053FCBE66BBE3206785" box="[879,1029,640,662]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">0.0005</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFC70053FB6D66BBE21E6785" box="[1212,1339,640,662]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">0.078–0.087</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="63F434B7FFC70053FF746697E21E67D1" box="[165,1339,684,706]" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFC70053FF746697E62267D1" box="[165,263,684,706]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">SN/SV</th>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFC70053FD8D6697E5B067D1" box="[604,661,684,706]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">0.15</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFC70053FCBE6697E32067D1" box="[879,1029,684,706]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">0.0010</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFC70053FB6D6697E21E67D1" box="[1212,1339,684,706]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">0.14–0.16</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="63F434B7FFC70053FF7466E3E21E67FD" box="[165,1339,728,750]" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFC70053FF7466E3E62267FD" box="[165,263,728,750]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">TY/SV</th>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFC70053FD8D66E3E5B067FD" box="[604,661,728,750]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">0.043</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFC70053FCBE66E3E32067FD" box="[879,1029,728,750]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">0.0005</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFC70053FB6D66E3E21E67FD" box="[1212,1339,728,750]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">0.040–0.047</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="63F434B7FFC70053FF74673FE21E6609" box="[165,1339,772,794]" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFC70053FF74673FE6226609" box="[165,263,772,794]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">EY/SV</th>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFC70053FD8D673FE5B06609" box="[604,661,772,794]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">0.11</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFC70053FCBE673FE3206609" box="[879,1029,772,794]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">0.0015</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFC70053FB6D673FE21E6609" box="[1212,1339,772,794]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">0.10–0.12</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="63F434B7FFC70053FF74670BE21E6655" box="[165,1339,816,838]" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFC70053FF74670BE6226655" box="[165,263,816,838]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">HW/SV</th>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFC70053FD8D670BE5B06655" box="[604,661,816,838]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">0.34</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFC70053FCBE670BE3206655" box="[879,1029,816,838]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">0.0016</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFC70053FB6D670BE21E6655" box="[1212,1339,816,838]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">0.32–0.35</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="63F434B7FFC70053FF746766E21E6661" box="[165,1339,861,882]" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFC70053FF746766E6226661" box="[165,263,861,882]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">HL/SV</th>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFC70053FD8D6766E5B06661" box="[604,661,861,882]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">0.32</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFC70053FCBE6766E3206661" box="[879,1029,861,882]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">0.0013</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFC70053FB6D6766E21E6661" box="[1212,1339,861,882]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">0.31–0.34</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="63F434B7FFC70053FF7467B2E21E668D" box="[165,1339,905,926]" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFC70053FF7467B2E622668D" box="[165,263,905,926]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">EN/IN</th>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFC70053FD8D67B2E5B0668D" box="[604,661,905,926]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">1.07</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFC70053FCBE67B2E320668D" box="[879,1029,905,926]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">0.0119</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFC70053FB6D67B2E21E668D" box="[1212,1339,905,926]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">0.98–1.18</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="63F434B7FFC70053FF74678FE21E66D9" box="[165,1339,948,970]" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFC70053FF74678FE62266D9" box="[165,263,948,970]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">HL/HW</th>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFC70053FD8D678FE5B066D9" box="[604,661,948,970]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">0.96</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFC70053FCBE678FE32066D9" box="[879,1029,948,970]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">0.0048</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFC70053FB6D678FE21E66D9" box="[1212,1339,948,970]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">0.93–1.01</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DD7B36F5FFC7FFA8FF166036E4756057" blockId="4.[151,1437,1036,1960]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
In preservative, dorsal ground color medium tan to darker orange brown or gray brown, with scattered freckles of darker brown; scars black. Some specimens have a more mottled color pattern, a few have scattered light-tan flecks or spots. Rear of thighs dark brown (in darker animals) or gray brown (in lighter animals), often with a vaguely barred pattern incorporating some of the dorsal ground color. Venter light to dark brown, sometimes lighter anteriorly or mid-ventrally; two specimens with amelanic patches in the pectoral region. Series of low white or pale-brown tubercles along outer margin of forearm. Webbing of hands and feet brown. Heel tubercle frequently tipped with white. Iris light brown or silver brown; pale tan or pale russet in life (
|
||
<figureCitation id="45FF2A70FFC7FFA8FB4F60DFE3F961EF" box="[1182,1244,1252,1276]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1913,1936]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,462,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,447,1891]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Portraits in life of (A) Nyctimystes cheesmani, BPBM 18293, Fane, Central Province; (B) N. cheesmani, BPBM 18294, Fane, Central Province; (C) male N. bivocalis, BPBM 15206, Cloudy Mts., Milne Bay Province; (D) female N. bivocalis, BPBM 15209, Cloudy Mts., Milne Bay Province; (E) N. intercastellus, BPBM 16481, Fergusson Is., Milne Bay Province; (F) N. intercastellus, BPBM 37765, Normanby Is., Milne Bay Province." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211971/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B); that of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="027F8857FFC7FFA8FF466133E7DC6033" box="[151,249,1288,1312]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
pale tan. Palpebral reticulum of obliquely vertical lines that are frequently bifurcating but with few horizontal cross-connections; lines pale tan to medium brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DD7B36F5FFC7FFA8FF16616AE51A63BF" blockId="4.[151,1437,1036,1960]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
In life, color notes for BPBM 18293 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="45FF2A70FFC7FFA8FDBC616BE589607B" box="[621,684,1360,1384]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1913,1936]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,462,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,447,1891]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Portraits in life of (A) Nyctimystes cheesmani, BPBM 18293, Fane, Central Province; (B) N. cheesmani, BPBM 18294, Fane, Central Province; (C) male N. bivocalis, BPBM 15206, Cloudy Mts., Milne Bay Province; (D) female N. bivocalis, BPBM 15209, Cloudy Mts., Milne Bay Province; (E) N. intercastellus, BPBM 16481, Fergusson Is., Milne Bay Province; (F) N. intercastellus, BPBM 37765, Normanby Is., Milne Bay Province." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211971/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A) state: “Dorsum muddy yellow brown with obscure dark-brown mottling. Venter dirty white with a bluish-purple cast. Fore and rear of thighs, groin, rear of tibiae, and under feet and hands with a bluish-gray wash. Palpebral reticulum of gold vertical lines. Skin granular; tympanum distinct and granular. Iris light brass/silvery with faint green cast.” BPBM 18295 was the same. In contrast, most animals were like BPBM 18294 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="45FF2A70FFC7FFA8FE6D61DBE52560EB" box="[444,512,1504,1528]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1913,1936]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,462,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,447,1891]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Portraits in life of (A) Nyctimystes cheesmani, BPBM 18293, Fane, Central Province; (B) N. cheesmani, BPBM 18294, Fane, Central Province; (C) male N. bivocalis, BPBM 15206, Cloudy Mts., Milne Bay Province; (D) female N. bivocalis, BPBM 15209, Cloudy Mts., Milne Bay Province; (E) N. intercastellus, BPBM 16481, Fergusson Is., Milne Bay Province; (F) N. intercastellus, BPBM 37765, Normanby Is., Milne Bay Province." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211971/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B): “Dorsum dark olive brown with a few scattered cream flecks. Venter dirty white, largely suffused except for anterior abdomen with dark purple brown. Hidden surfaces dark purple brown.” BPBM 18296 was the same but with a few small red-brown dorsal blotches; BPBM 18299 had russet blotches and brass flecks dorsally; and BPBM 18298 had several clusters of brass flecks dorsally. BPBM 18303 was noted to have a dark-blue wash on rear of thighs. Iris color was generally pale tan (
|
||
<figureCitation id="45FF2A70FFC7FFA8FC3F624BE30B639B" box="[1006,1070,1648,1672]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1913,1936]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,462,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,447,1891]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Portraits in life of (A) Nyctimystes cheesmani, BPBM 18293, Fane, Central Province; (B) N. cheesmani, BPBM 18294, Fane, Central Province; (C) male N. bivocalis, BPBM 15206, Cloudy Mts., Milne Bay Province; (D) female N. bivocalis, BPBM 15209, Cloudy Mts., Milne Bay Province; (E) N. intercastellus, BPBM 16481, Fergusson Is., Milne Bay Province; (F) N. intercastellus, BPBM 37765, Normanby Is., Milne Bay Province." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211971/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A), but several specimens had a more russet or copper color (
|
||
<figureCitation id="45FF2A70FFC7FFA8FE0B62AFE53C63BF" box="[474,537,1684,1708]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1913,1936]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,462,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,447,1891]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Portraits in life of (A) Nyctimystes cheesmani, BPBM 18293, Fane, Central Province; (B) N. cheesmani, BPBM 18294, Fane, Central Province; (C) male N. bivocalis, BPBM 15206, Cloudy Mts., Milne Bay Province; (D) female N. bivocalis, BPBM 15209, Cloudy Mts., Milne Bay Province; (E) N. intercastellus, BPBM 16481, Fergusson Is., Milne Bay Province; (F) N. intercastellus, BPBM 37765, Normanby Is., Milne Bay Province." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211971/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DD7B36F5FFC7FFA8FF16628CE42562BB" blockId="4.[151,1437,1036,1960]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC7FFA8FF16628CE7DA63C3" bold="true" box="[199,255,1719,1744]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Call.</emphasis>
|
||
The call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC7FFA8FE5C6282E5B463C3" box="[397,657,1720,1744]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cheesmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC7FFA8FE5C6282E5B463C3" box="[397,657,1720,1744]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Nyctimystes cheesmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
consists of a single-note, unmodulated, pulsed croak (
|
||
<figureCitation id="45FF2A70FFC7FFA8FB2F6283E26863C3" box="[1278,1357,1720,1744]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1205,1228]" captionTargetBox="[228,1368,207,1167]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[213,1373,193,1184]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. (A) Waveform, (B) power spectrum, and (C) spectrogram of six calls of an uncaptured Nyctimystes cheesmani recorded near Fane, Central Province, 3 October 2003, air temperature 20.0 C." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211972/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A, 3A) delivered at long, irregular intervals in series ranging from 2 to more than 200 calls, with delivery rates varying from 0.74–0.97 calls/s. The call is rather quiet and slow (
|
||
<figureCitation id="45FF2A70FFC7FFA8FC9D633BE4B6620B" box="[844,915,1792,1816]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1205,1228]" captionTargetBox="[228,1368,207,1167]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[213,1373,193,1184]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. (A) Waveform, (B) power spectrum, and (C) spectrogram of six calls of an uncaptured Nyctimystes cheesmani recorded near Fane, Central Province, 3 October 2003, air temperature 20.0 C." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211972/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A, C). The interval between two call series measured by me was 130 s. Duration of call notes varied from 0.289–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B8F05032FFC7FFA8FC39631FE302622F" box="[1000,1063,1828,1852]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="55" value="-0.365">0.365</geoCoordinate>
|
||
s (
|
||
<tableCitation id="9046034EFFC7FFA8FB81631FE389622F" box="[1104,1196,1828,1852]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,239,1302,1326]" captionTargetBox="[171,1423,1394,1682]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 2. Call data for a specimen of Nyctimystes cheesmani from Fane, 1400 m, within 5 km of the type locality. Numbers for call parameters are mean ± SD (range)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/89BB667DFFC6FFA9FF46612DE5ED6042" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" tableUuid="89BB667DFFC6FFA9FF46612DE5ED6042">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Intervals between successive notes were longer than call notes, varying from 1.029–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B8F05032FFC7FFA8FC586373E4E26273" box="[905,967,1864,1888]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="55" value="-1.979">1.979</geoCoordinate>
|
||
s (
|
||
<tableCitation id="9046034EFFC7FFA8FC3A6373E3606273" box="[1003,1093,1864,1888]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,239,1302,1326]" captionTargetBox="[171,1423,1394,1682]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 2. Call data for a specimen of Nyctimystes cheesmani from Fane, 1400 m, within 5 km of the type locality. Numbers for call parameters are mean ± SD (range)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/89BB667DFFC6FFA9FF46612DE5ED6042" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" tableUuid="89BB667DFFC6FFA9FF46612DE5ED6042">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Calls increase and decrease rather gradually in amplitude, providing a rounded waveform (
|
||
<figureCitation id="45FF2A70FFC7FFA8FCB36357E4836297" box="[866,934,1900,1924]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1912,1935]" captionTargetBox="[175,1412,1121,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[160,1427,1093,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Expanded waveforms and spectrograms showing note structure for (A) Nyctimystes cheesmani from Fane, Central Province (uncaptured), (B) N. bivocalis (BPBM 15202) from Cloudy Mts., Milne Bay Province, and (C) N. intercastellus (BPBM 17938) from Normanby Island, Milne Bay Province." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211973/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Dominant frequency was very uniform, varying from 1840–1960 Hz overall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="45FF2A70FFC7FFA8FDEB63ABE55B62BB" box="[570,638,1936,1960]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1205,1228]" captionTargetBox="[228,1368,207,1167]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[213,1373,193,1184]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. (A) Waveform, (B) power spectrum, and (C) spectrogram of six calls of an uncaptured Nyctimystes cheesmani recorded near Fane, Central Province, 3 October 2003, air temperature 20.0 C." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211972/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B,
|
||
<tableCitation id="9046034EFFC7FFA8FD4C63ABE5D662BB" box="[669,755,1936,1960]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,239,1302,1326]" captionTargetBox="[171,1423,1394,1682]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 2. Call data for a specimen of Nyctimystes cheesmani from Fane, 1400 m, within 5 km of the type locality. Numbers for call parameters are mean ± SD (range)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/89BB667DFFC6FFA9FF46612DE5ED6042" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" tableUuid="89BB667DFFC6FFA9FF46612DE5ED6042">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="89BB667DFFC6FFA9FF46608EE49761FA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211972/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[228,1368,207,1167]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="DD7B36F5FFC6FFA9FF46608EE49761FA" blockId="5.[151,1436,1205,1258]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC6FFA9FF46608EE63061D9" bold="true" box="[151,277,1205,1228]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
(A) Waveform, (B) power spectrum, and (C) spectrogram of six calls of an uncaptured
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC6FFA9FB7E608DE2B961D8" box="[1199,1436,1205,1227]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cheesmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC6FFA9FB7E608DE2B961D8" box="[1199,1436,1205,1227]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Nyctimystes cheesmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
recorded near Fane, Central Province, 3 October 2003, air temperature 20.0 C.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="89BB667DFFC6FFA9FF46612DE5ED6042" ID-Table-UUID="89BB667DFFC6FFA9FF46612DE5ED6042" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/89BB667DFFC6FFA9FF46612DE5ED6042" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[171,1423,1394,1682]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="DD7B36F5FFC6FFA9FF46612DE5ED6042" blockId="5.[151,1437,1302,1361]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC6FFA9FF46612DE629603D" bold="true" box="[151,268,1302,1326]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Call data for a specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC6FFA9FD9F612CE462603D" box="[590,839,1303,1326]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cheesmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC6FFA9FD9F612CE462603D" box="[590,839,1303,1326]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Nyctimystes cheesmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Fane, 1400 m, within 5 km of the type locality. Numbers for call parameters are mean ± SD (range).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="DD7B36F5FFC6FFA9FF636149E2A66381" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<table id="AFC4C455FFC60053FF7A6149E2AA6381" box="[171,1423,1394,1682]" gridcols="8" gridrows="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<tr id="63F434B7FFC60053FF7A6149E2AA60B8" box="[171,1423,1394,1451]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFC60053FF7A6149E7C160B8" box="[171,228,1394,1451]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Call series</th>
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFC60053FED66149E6AD60B8" box="[263,392,1394,1451]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Temperature (˚C)</th>
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFC60053FE7C6149E52560B8" box="[429,512,1394,1451]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Number of calls</th>
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFC60053FDF66149E5E160B8" box="[551,708,1394,1451]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Duration of call sequence (s)</th>
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFC60053FD396149E41960B8" box="[744,828,1394,1451]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Call rate (calls/s)</th>
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFC60053FCB56149E4DB60B8" box="[868,1022,1394,1451]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Note duration (s)</th>
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFC60053FBF06149E3E260B8" box="[1057,1223,1394,1451]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Interval between notes (s)</th>
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFC60053FB396149E2AA60B8" box="[1256,1423,1394,1451]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dominant frequency (kHz)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="63F434B7FFC60053FF7A61FBE2AA60EB" box="[171,1423,1472,1528]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFC60053FF7A61FBE7C160EB" box="[171,228,1472,1528]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">a</th>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFC60053FED661FBE6AD60EB" box="[263,392,1472,1528]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">20.0</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFC60053FE7C61FBE52560EB" box="[429,512,1472,1528]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">3</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFC60053FDF661FBE5E160EB" box="[551,708,1472,1528]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">3.1</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFC60053FD3961FBE41960EB" box="[744,828,1472,1528]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">0.97</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFC60053FCB561FBE4DB60EB" box="[868,1022,1472,1528]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">0.307 ± 0.0095 (0.289–0.321)</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFC60053FBF061FBE3E260EB" box="[1057,1223,1472,1528]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1.079 ± 0.0500 (1.029–1.129)</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFC60053FB3961FBE2AA60EB" box="[1256,1423,1472,1528]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1.890 ± 0.0182 (1.857–1.920)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="63F434B7FFC60053FF7A6236E2AA6356" box="[171,1423,1549,1605]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFC60053FF7A6236E7C16356" box="[171,228,1549,1605]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">b</th>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFC60053FED66236E6AD6356" box="[263,392,1549,1605]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">“</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFC60053FE7C6236E5256356" box="[429,512,1549,1605]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFC60053FDF66236E5E16356" box="[551,708,1549,1605]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2.7</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFC60053FD396236E4196356" box="[744,828,1549,1605]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">0.74</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFC60053FCB56236E4DB6356" box="[868,1022,1549,1605]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">0.318 ± 0.0075 (0.311–0.326)</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFC60053FBF06236E3E26356" box="[1057,1223,1549,1605]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1.979</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFC60053FB396236E2AA6356" box="[1256,1423,1549,1605]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1.862 ± 0.0225 (1.839–1.884)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="63F434B7FFC60053FF7A6260E2AA6381" box="[171,1423,1627,1682]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<th id="20255DCBFFC60053FF7A6260E7C16381" box="[171,228,1627,1682]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">c</th>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFC60053FED66260E6AD6381" box="[263,392,1627,1682]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">“</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFC60053FE7C6260E5256381" box="[429,512,1627,1682]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">6</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFC60053FDF66260E5E16381" box="[551,708,1627,1682]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">8.0</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFC60053FD396260E4196381" box="[744,828,1627,1682]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">0.75</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFC60053FCB56260E4DB6381" box="[868,1022,1627,1682]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">0.352 ± 0.0044 (0.336–0.365)</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFC60053FBF06260E3E26381" box="[1057,1223,1627,1682]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1.157 ± 0.0311 (1.062–1.239)</td>
|
||
<td id="20255DCBFFC60053FB396260E2AA6381" box="[1256,1423,1627,1682]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1.911 ± 0.0093 (1.893–1.956)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DD7B36F5FFC6FFA9FF1662EDE265626C" blockId="5.[151,1436,1750,2026]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC6FFA9FF1662EDE6B463FC" bold="true" box="[199,401,1750,1775]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ecological notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Animals were common along a fairly large (
|
||
<quantity id="1A3C9B10FFC6FFA9FC7362ECE4DE63FC" box="[930,1019,1751,1775]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="7.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="5.0">5–10 m</quantity>
|
||
wide), high-energy, forested stream open to the sky and with trees, shrubs, and large herbs along its banks. Forest at the collection locality was obviously disturbed but mostly closed. Frogs were calling either on boulders or vegetation along or in the stream, typically at the sites with greatest water noise. Nearby smaller forested streams (
|
||
<quantity id="1A3C9B10FFC6FFA9FB996379E3B76249" box="[1096,1170,1858,1882]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 m</quantity>
|
||
wide) of lower energy contained only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC6FFA9FE926353E696626C" box="[323,435,1895,1919]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC6FFA9FE926353E696626C" box="[323,435,1895,1919]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">N. gularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but no
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC6FFA9FDDE6353E583626C" box="[527,678,1895,1919]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cheesmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC6FFA9FDDE6353E583626C" box="[527,678,1895,1919]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">N. cheesmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, so the species may be restricted to larger forested streams.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="95DE657EFFC6FFAAFF1663B0E625674C" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="DD7B36F5FFC6FFAAFF1663B0E6CC6494" blockId="5.[151,1436,1750,2026]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,607]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC6FFA9FF1663B0E61E62B0" bold="true" box="[199,315,1931,1955]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
As indicated above, the call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC6FFA9FD6863B7E49A62B0" box="[697,959,1931,1955]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cheesmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC6FFA9FD6863B7E49A62B0" box="[697,959,1931,1955]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Nyctimystes cheesmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a series of slow, raspy croaks.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B9554B04FFC6FFA9FA8263B1E7C662D4" author="Parker" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Parker, H. W. (1936) A collection of reptiles and amphibians from the mountains of British New Guinea. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 10 th series, 17, 66 - 93." type="journal article" year="1936">Parker (1936)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, in describing this species, stated that its call is “a clicking sound such as can be imitated by the tongue on the palate”. That is certainly not an accurate description of the call of this species, and I presume it inadvertently refers to the call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC5FFAAFE5764A2E56865A3" box="[390,589,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arfakiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC5FFAAFE5764A2E56865A3" box="[390,589,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Litoria arfakiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which occurs syntopically with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC5FFAAFC0564A2E34A65A3" box="[980,1135,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cheesmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC5FFAAFC0564A2E34A65A3" box="[980,1135,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">N. cheesmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the region of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="027F8857FFC5FFAAFABD64A3E2B965A3" box="[1388,1436,152,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality and whose call fits the description provided by Parker. That species also calls on average from higher in the trees and shrubs than does
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC5FFAAFE2564DAE5AE65EB" box="[500,651,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cheesmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC5FFAAFE2564DAE5AE65EB" box="[500,651,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">N. cheesmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, consistent with Parker’s statement that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC5FFAAFB8664DAE3CA65EB" box="[1111,1263,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cheesmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC5FFAAFB8664DAE3CA65EB" box="[1111,1263,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">N. cheesmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found in the foliage of high trees. This is presumably true during the day, but at night, when the males are calling, they are typically doing so from streamside boulders or from relatively lower positions on adjacent trees and shrubs. The call information that Parker reported came from Evelyn Cheesman, the collector, who apparently erred in inferring the proper call for the species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DD7B36F5FFC5FFAAFF1665AEE625674C" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,607]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
It is worth noting that a second species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC5FFAAFD7E65AEE41064BF" box="[687,821,405,428]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC5FFAAFD7E65AEE41064BF" box="[687,821,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Nyctimystes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that may belong to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC5FFAAFB9965AEE3C464BF" box="[1096,1249,404,428]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cheesmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC5FFAAFB9965AEE3C464BF" box="[1096,1249,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">N. cheesmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex occurs syntopically with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC5FFAAFEB46582E6DA64C3" box="[357,511,440,464]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cheesmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC5FFAAFEB46582E6DA64C3" box="[357,511,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">N. cheesmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at Fane. I collected only a single female of this species, but it differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC5FFAAFA536582E62864E7" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cheesmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC5FFAAFA536582E62864E7" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">N. cheesmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its dark-brown iris, largely horizontal palpebral reticulum, and absence of a heel tubercle. I did not hear this species to call. Lest it be thought that the recording I assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC5FFAAFC3D663AE3A6670B" box="[1004,1155,512,536]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cheesmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC5FFAAFC3D663AE3A6670B" box="[1004,1155,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">N. cheesmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs inadvertently to this species, I note that I observed several of the male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AC44D76FFC5FFAAFD20661EE4AD672F" box="[753,904,548,572]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cheesmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB0EAE7FFC5FFAAFD20661EE4AD672F" box="[753,904,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">N. cheesmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
I collected to utter the same call as that which I recorded.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |