444 lines
47 KiB
XML
444 lines
47 KiB
XML
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<treatment id="5562C7A96CDF514A9DE048A3D4ACE624" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197823849" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5562C7A96CDF514A9DE048A3D4ACE624" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5562C7A96CDF514A9DE048A3D4ACE624" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_class="Polychaeta" scope_family="Aphroditidae" scope_order="Phyllodocida" scope_phylum="Annelida" scope_subOrder="Aphroditiformia">
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<taxonomicName id="8C15553F93A013842C7752D285B777F7" LSID="5562C7A9-6CDF-514A-9DE0-48A3D4ACE624" authority="Mironov, 1971" authorityName="Mironov" authorityYear="1971" class="Holothuroidea" family="Kamptosomatidae" genus="Kamptosoma" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kamptosoma abyssale" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abyssale">Kamptosoma abyssale Mironov, 1971</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="4F8602FC73AB1FBD3569A9F64AEF073C" captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="F33" captionText="Figure 33. Kamptosoma abyssale Mironov, 1971. Specimen CCZ _ 082: A, B in situ images C oral view D aboral view of specimen before preservation. Scale bars: 1 cm (A, B); 5 mm (C, D). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A, B); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716359" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
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<paragraph id="9BA958B18C22EBE7945ED48496046101" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material.</paragraph>
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<materialsCitation id="2EB3D024650FFF0E5A871B190EA7D1B0" accessionNumber="ON400701" collectingDate="2018-06-01" collectorName="Smith, Durden, GenBank, Voucher" elevation="5040" latitude="7.036" longLatPrecision="55" longitude="-149.9395" specimenCount="1">
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Clarion-Clipperton Zone •
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; APEI 4;
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,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="4A6C66AA74D0DB1B7E190F7D6E3DF8B5" degrees="149.9395" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-149.9395">149.9395°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="D3265AA7978864E07AE7B1745D488FF2" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.04" unit="m" value="5040.0">
|
||
<elevation id="6FA9EE8CD0F8555F6D5A7CE269BBB575" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.04" unit="m" value="5040.0">5040 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
deep;
|
||
<collectingDate id="AA1C5C68684E351BE890A1F056921752" value="2018-06-01">01 Jun. 2018</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="5438CD780FF87569139A6FF12A710E47">Smith</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="2A535AC5087F63591FE799554648076A">Durden</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<collectorName id="FEE9E52774633C575C6A0A65420D262B">GenBank</collectorName>
|
||
:
|
||
<accessionNumber id="F7B9148DF56DC548CA3567AEBD09EF82" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/ON400701">ON400701</accessionNumber>
|
||
(COI); CASIZ 229306;
|
||
<collectorName id="6CB384838891D930C1EF46F8DD5D5B6A">Voucher</collectorName>
|
||
code: CCZ_082
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="64754DA7547742AC76B054F1F9149366" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="C0DBD53DA0479F60812AB48565D2523A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Other material.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8AA217A94AC8B709F62E035191C4CA7A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="29E8B25FBF20ABCF8DE7B4770D7A5BB5" collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" collectorName="A. Agassiz" country="Chile" elevation="3950" latitude="0.0" location="Chile" longLatPrecision="43333" longitude="0.0" specimenCount="3" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
Pacific Ocean •
|
||
<specimenCount id="CAE759B09DE23AE6716DF7FD5A5D9D52" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<typeStatus id="36EEED44524F0AA82B03FF699101CCC8">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="390856588BFBB28A435228C757A96FAC" baseAuthorityName="A. Agassiz" baseAuthorityYear="1881" class="Holothuroidea" family="Kamptosomatidae" genus="Kamptosoma" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kamptosoma asterias" order="Persiculida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="asterias">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BA9AD0480DE3E9B916573E4F4B08EB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kamptosoma asterias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectorName id="1F7C178E9A013D5FBC1EA01A09948D0B">A. Agassiz</collectorName>
|
||
); off the coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B100CDE117CBAE880904D05254E575BC" name="Chile">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9954406459C729E5F44E224B4FCE1EF8" degrees="33.5167" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-33.5167">33.5167°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="17F857670F2070B9DAA747C62F162DA3" degrees="74.7167" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-74.7167">74.7167°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="8A882FDF37CC48A239746E29360722B0" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.95" unit="m" value="3950.0">
|
||
<elevation id="3B005EDAE4F498321556E6082A0AC72E" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.95" unit="m" value="3950.0">3950 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
deep; Challenger Expedition, Stn. 299; NHMUK 1881.11.22.114. •
|
||
<specimenCount id="0FDBA4DA5B2A76F36FDDC75427AC0ABC" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4F5BAC3E0B6E9D7AE038FE8758CE6F80" authorityName="Mironov" authorityYear="1971" class="Holothuroidea" family="Kamptosomatidae" genus="Kamptosoma" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kamptosoma abyssale" order="Persiculida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abyssale">
|
||
<emphasis id="EBA078F44426C22131D942F3CDED5C4A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kamptosoma abyssale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Mironov, 1971; Tasman Sea;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3F153464857BDD82103CD4D529310246" degrees="0" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55555" value="0.0">0°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="5040B41A9911D327B1E14952BECFE774" degrees="0" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55555" value="0.0">0°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 4850-
|
||
<quantity id="B75061E24B128201293F97D5480567AF" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" unit="m" value="4800.0">
|
||
<elevation id="A7F6344AC837B28AB074DCA8FB222072" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" unit="m" value="4800.0">4800 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
deep; Galathea Expedition, Stn. 574; NHMUK 1984.1.25.86-87
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0302B3D5579234E8EE7FDD43A291226D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="B52B6DCBBFFD5FBAD827BCF8BFDC6BEE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DA23A4494D945A7F1FD18B425C844669" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Single specimen (d = 3.4 cm, H = 1.6 cm). In situ, the body is reddish brown, rounded and flattened (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="1BBEAACC531A84321CD562B7656D5B59" captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="F33" captionText="Figure 33. Kamptosoma abyssale Mironov, 1971. Specimen CCZ _ 082: A, B in situ images C oral view D aboral view of specimen before preservation. Scale bars: 1 cm (A, B); 5 mm (C, D). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A, B); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716359" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">33A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Spines are the same reddish brown colour of the body; oral primary spines are encased by a fleshy, clear sac, swollen and brighter at the tip. The test and covering skin are very thin and gonads are visible through; primary spines are projected upwards and tube feet extending downwards from the lower half of the body. Whole abactinal surface (ambulacral and interambulacral) covered by primaries arranged in irregular lines along the median lines of the plates, with few secondaries or militaries near ambitus (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="BB51A822C66DEE670B6804C6479C4E90" captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="F33" captionText="Figure 33. Kamptosoma abyssale Mironov, 1971. Specimen CCZ _ 082: A, B in situ images C oral view D aboral view of specimen before preservation. Scale bars: 1 cm (A, B); 5 mm (C, D). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A, B); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716359" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">33C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Claviform (globiferous) pedicellariae carries two saccules and two valves. Before preservation, colouration was bright orange.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="2EFF310135835D8D3E1EE7D50593921D" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716359" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 33" startId="F33">
|
||
<paragraph id="C3FC216F620EC9E3D3E6B9BB2353BCAE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="784B437AAE6F2EA47866F531C4668FB6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 33.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="411EFF11C0A5F08B1EA82DB2432D0DB7" authorityName="Mironov" authorityYear="1971" class="Holothuroidea" family="Kamptosomatidae" genus="Kamptosoma" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kamptosoma abyssale" order="Persiculida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abyssale">
|
||
<emphasis id="EECB1A58D3611F863BA6F09E7DAA9470" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kamptosoma abyssale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Mironov, 1971. Specimen CCZ_082:
|
||
<emphasis id="C332A8AFC9A60539B83F51348AE2462A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B</emphasis>
|
||
in situ images
|
||
<emphasis id="82E72F95AD9420A7F268D4F55AD4CA0C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
oral view
|
||
<emphasis id="02204C6571CCE943BE5951FBF5DD73E7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
aboral view of specimen before preservation. Scale bars: 1 cm (
|
||
<emphasis id="68AD895F7A4A5A57E670FABED3754988" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B</emphasis>
|
||
); 5 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="4F3E1690FD9AA45751E0351909BE8E10" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C, D</emphasis>
|
||
). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (
|
||
<emphasis id="4FD7224852291A9ACCEA79C7C38D4070" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B</emphasis>
|
||
); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (
|
||
<emphasis id="BD85D62FAE712BF88DBB9949084BE489" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C, D</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7085168EECCF884BBCD96CF9691D9702" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="415B65CB7304131B893B436169FD8E4B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E29BDA5194B949F279566723E89F5554" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Only two species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A130E4D1862500013382EE3655BDCB3F" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1903" class="Holothuroidea" family="Kamptosomatidae" genus="Kamptosoma" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kamptosoma" order="Persiculida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="464CE948A77F5326BBCAF81156673EFE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kamptosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been described to date.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="32F94983C51B89A4D9D8DFAC8DF4A033" baseAuthorityName="A. Agassiz" baseAuthorityYear="1881" class="Holothuroidea" family="Kamptosomatidae" genus="Kamptosoma" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kamptosoma asterias" order="Persiculida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="asterias">
|
||
<emphasis id="7300DD240B2A0630EECE8C52987DCDB0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kamptosoma asterias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Agassiz, 1881) was first described from off the coast of Chile at 3950 m depth (type locality: H.M.S
|
||
<emphasis id="C3F141F1FA7D5C83840BD17A32EEB2E9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Challenger</emphasis>
|
||
St. 299), and from the east of Malden Island, Central Pacific, at 4750 m depth (type locality for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C23287BD77CFD0E26B7F9F93C1528045" lsidName="K. indistinctum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="indistinctum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9471847C0371D6D4E5F71E1C271D5560" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. indistinctum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
synonymous with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A08A7187CDD24A48080B788688E419EE" lsidName="K. asterias" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="asterias">
|
||
<emphasis id="AE3A7E3FC67BC7A50CDC43E36ADFD32E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. asterias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: H.M.S. Challenger St. 272) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="53B03F005ACFC09460B15ACFF675E5D4" author="Agassiz, A" journalOrPublisher="Zoology (Jena, Germany)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 321" refId="B1" refString="Agassiz, A, 1881. Report on the Echinoidea dredged by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of HMS Challenger during the years 1873-76. Zoology (Jena, Germany) 3: 1 - 321" title="Report on the Echinoidea dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of HMS Challenger during the years 1873 - 76." volume="3" year="1881">Agassiz 1881</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="53AE898A19162569567B3F47A8FB17D9" author="Agassiz, A" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 243" refId="B3" refString="Agassiz, A, 1904. The Panamic deep sea echini. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 31: 1 - 243" title="The Panamic deep sea echini." volume="31" year="1904">1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It has also been reported for the central Pacific Ocean, the Tasman Sea, Chile, Antarctica, and the southern Indian Ocean from 3890-4950 m depth (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33E7AE0B5284838C0B7636C39334A0C1" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4092.4.1" author="Anderson, OF" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Reports" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B7" refString="Anderson, OF, 2016. A review of New Zealand and southeast Australian echinothurioids (Echinodermata: Echinothurioida)-excluding the subfamily Echinothuriinae-with a description of a new species of Tromikosoma Zootaxa 4092: 451-488. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4092.4.1" title="A review of New Zealand and southeast Australian echinothurioids (Echinodermata: Echinothurioida) - excluding the subfamily Echinothuriinae-with a description of a new species of Tromikosoma Zootaxa 4092: 451 - 488." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4092.4.1" year="2016">Anderson 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A3F81CDA36278AD04F46DD23BC09A3F" authorityName="Mironov" authorityYear="1971" class="Holothuroidea" family="Kamptosomatidae" genus="Kamptosoma" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kamptosoma abyssale" order="Persiculida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abyssale">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F680EA7F4B6AE4587005359B9153D8F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kamptosoma abyssale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
type locality is the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench, from 6090-6235 m (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7F239AC1EF95B0491C4EE347BE2AAC84" author="Mironov, AN" journalOrPublisher="] Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="317 - 325" refId="B68" refString="Mironov, AN, 1971. [Soft sea urchins of the family Echinothuriidae collected by the R/V "Vityaz" and the "Academician Kurchatov" in the Pacific and Indian Oceans.] Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Akademii Nauk SSSR 92: 317 - 325" title="[Soft sea urchins of the family Echinothuriidae collected by the R / V " Vityaz " and the " Academician Kurchatov " in the Pacific and Indian Oceans." volume="92" year="1971">Mironov 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and occurs in the Northwest Pacific, from Aleutian Islands to Kermadec Trench, and from Madagascar to east of Hawaii between 4374-6235 m depth (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="109F843D745B1D904F5161CE7EB1602E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.07.020" author="Mooi, R" journalOrPublisher="Part II, Topical Studies in Oceanography" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1903 - 1919" refId="B71" refString="Mooi, R, Constable, H, Lockhart, S, Pearse, J, 2004. Echinothurioid phylogeny and the phylogenetic significance of Kamptosoma (Echinoidea: Echinodermata). Deep-sea Research. Part II, Topical Studies in Oceanography 51 (14-16): 1903 - 1919, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.07.020" title="Echinothurioid phylogeny and the phylogenetic significance of Kamptosoma (Echinoidea: Echinodermata). Deep-sea Research." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.07.020" volume="51" year="2004">Mooi et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These two species are only differentiated by the shape of the claviform pedicellaria (previously referred to as globiferous pedicellaria, but
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C47B154E890775742BFB307DC170414A" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.08.006" author="Mironov, AN" journalOrPublisher="Part II, Topical Studies in Oceanography" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="357 - 375" refId="B69" refString="Mironov, AN, Minin, KV, Dilman, AB, 2015. Abyssal echinoid and asteroid fauna of the North Pacific. Deep-sea Research. Part II, Topical Studies in Oceanography 111: 357 - 375, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.08.006" title="Abyssal echinoid and asteroid fauna of the North Pacific. Deep-sea Research." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.08.006" volume="111" year="2015">Mironov et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested these to belong to the claviform group as their rudimentary valves are not functional), with two valves in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BDEA9897CCF3F4B68D5A6F2CE8B3789" lsidName="K. abyssale" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="abyssale">
|
||
<emphasis id="2532121B7C2B060828B1CF3B1C950FFB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. abyssale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and three valves in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58B23900CA562F92D47503B2D3772C17" lsidName="K. asterias" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="asterias">
|
||
<emphasis id="4E4E7F8253B3D3804486EFD619CEEC94" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. asterias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The specimen from the CCZ has pedicellariae with two saccules and two valves, as described for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61ADE1041E028B65DBD803BBB6AB933F" lsidName="K. abyssale" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="abyssale">
|
||
<emphasis id="EA7C82AFD5812F54A1F6DE74EC08A048" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. abyssale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, the COI sequence is very similar (0.47-1.4% K2P distance) to sequences of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1C8EAC03D13A4CBEC1032B1788A5D90" lsidName="K. asterias" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="asterias">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3155327C57F64A5E92EDAAFF5C4437A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. asterias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected in the Tasman Sea from 4570-4744 m depth, and are recovered in a well-supported clade (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="2D23BDFED6320A8D2838A028B2CD745C" captionStart="Figure 31" captionStartId="F31" captionText="Figure 31. Phylogenetic tree of Echinoidea. COI-only median consensus BEAST tree with posterior probability (PP) and bootstrap (BS) values indicated. Only values of PP> 0.70 and BS> 50 are shown, with values of PP> 0.95 and BS> 90 indicated with a circle. Nodes not recovered on the RAxML tree are indicated with a hyphen. Sequences generated in this study are highlighted in violet." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure31" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716357" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">31</figureCitation>
|
||
). These values of genetic divergence are within the intraspecific divergence that has been reported for echinoids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FDE4092060BE3051132F2B37A34627F6" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.585.8161" author="Chow, S" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 16" refId="B17" refString="Chow, S, Konishi, K, Mekuchi, M, Tamaki, Y, Nohara, K, Takagi, M, Niwa, K, Teramoto, W, Manabe, H, Kurogi, H, Suzuki, S, Ando, D, Jinbo, T, Kiyomoto, M, Hirose, M, Shimomura, M, Kurashima, A, Ishikawa, T, Kiyomoto, S, 2016. DNA barcoding and morphological analyses revealed validity of Diadema clarki Ikeda, 1939 (Echinodermata, Echinoidea, Diadematidae). ZooKeys 585: 1 - 16, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.585.8161" title="DNA barcoding and morphological analyses revealed validity of Diadema clarki Ikeda, 1939 (Echinodermata, Echinoidea, Diadematidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.585.8161" volume="585" year="2016">Chow et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and therefore might belong to the same species. Nonetheless these specimens identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="708139E84C70F1AA1A93BA537DB71363" lsidName="K. asterias" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="asterias">
|
||
<emphasis id="4425745A141B39AD1269614CA8F720A6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. asterias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were reported to have claviform pedicellariae with two valves as described for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1E75962BF04BADFE92B004E0AA5F7440" lsidName="K. abyssale" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="abyssale">
|
||
<emphasis id="1195C60E3BDF2E65996782532A7901A6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. abyssale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3274623CE4DB9F05C9134092FD9C6D1" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4092.4.1" author="Anderson, OF" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Reports" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B7" refString="Anderson, OF, 2016. A review of New Zealand and southeast Australian echinothurioids (Echinodermata: Echinothurioida)-excluding the subfamily Echinothuriinae-with a description of a new species of Tromikosoma Zootaxa 4092: 451-488. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4092.4.1" title="A review of New Zealand and southeast Australian echinothurioids (Echinodermata: Echinothurioida) - excluding the subfamily Echinothuriinae-with a description of a new species of Tromikosoma Zootaxa 4092: 451 - 488." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4092.4.1" year="2016">Anderson 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It has been suggested that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C1FB76CAABE03D4457693C3AB977E164" lsidName="K. abyssale" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="abyssale">
|
||
<emphasis id="7693A1BB53AE39219FB12EEDD2C43BBE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. abyssale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E66B279F5DCD6A0219316D6FC8C52F29" lsidName="K. asterias" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="asterias">
|
||
<emphasis id="5003D596361780147412D0EDF40A7C74" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. asterias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the former species will only be validated once material from both type localities is examined in detail (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B1A82DDF045E22631E9E5C5A24798B4" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4092.4.1" author="Anderson, OF" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Reports" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B7" refString="Anderson, OF, 2016. A review of New Zealand and southeast Australian echinothurioids (Echinodermata: Echinothurioida)-excluding the subfamily Echinothuriinae-with a description of a new species of Tromikosoma Zootaxa 4092: 451-488. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4092.4.1" title="A review of New Zealand and southeast Australian echinothurioids (Echinodermata: Echinothurioida) - excluding the subfamily Echinothuriinae-with a description of a new species of Tromikosoma Zootaxa 4092: 451 - 488." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4092.4.1" year="2016">Anderson 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="934070391F361A5F189386747CEBDAC7" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.08.006" author="Mironov, AN" journalOrPublisher="Part II, Topical Studies in Oceanography" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="357 - 375" refId="B69" refString="Mironov, AN, Minin, KV, Dilman, AB, 2015. Abyssal echinoid and asteroid fauna of the North Pacific. Deep-sea Research. Part II, Topical Studies in Oceanography 111: 357 - 375, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.08.006" title="Abyssal echinoid and asteroid fauna of the North Pacific. Deep-sea Research." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.08.006" volume="111" year="2015">Mironov et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8F3E118DE55BC689C67DF3AD2A6C1C64" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.07.020" author="Mooi, R" journalOrPublisher="Part II, Topical Studies in Oceanography" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1903 - 1919" refId="B71" refString="Mooi, R, Constable, H, Lockhart, S, Pearse, J, 2004. Echinothurioid phylogeny and the phylogenetic significance of Kamptosoma (Echinoidea: Echinodermata). Deep-sea Research. Part II, Topical Studies in Oceanography 51 (14-16): 1903 - 1919, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.07.020" title="Echinothurioid phylogeny and the phylogenetic significance of Kamptosoma (Echinoidea: Echinodermata). Deep-sea Research." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.07.020" volume="51" year="2004">Mooi et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="77D270C220436D34DEF715DD2B24C0E7" baseAuthorityName="A. Agassiz" baseAuthorityYear="1881" class="Holothuroidea" family="Kamptosomatidae" genus="Kamptosoma" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kamptosoma asterias" order="Persiculida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="asterias">
|
||
<emphasis id="86D85BF21E7D7A7D8146E3E5534D425E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kamptosoma asterias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Central Pacific (St. 272) has been re-examined and was reported to have pedicellariae with three valves (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="31B4ECA04D09C5907DEAFAE9E1DF1BE6" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.08.006" author="Mironov, AN" journalOrPublisher="Part II, Topical Studies in Oceanography" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="357 - 375" refId="B69" refString="Mironov, AN, Minin, KV, Dilman, AB, 2015. Abyssal echinoid and asteroid fauna of the North Pacific. Deep-sea Research. Part II, Topical Studies in Oceanography 111: 357 - 375, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.08.006" title="Abyssal echinoid and asteroid fauna of the North Pacific. Deep-sea Research." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.08.006" volume="111" year="2015">Mironov et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The holotype from St. 299 was examined in this study. Unfortunately, most pedicellariae have been lost and only a single claviform pedicellariae was found, this with two valves.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A1465B7E227362EC6DC8F333558C4AF2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="1B93717684F3DC278C5E6AF49FB8D0FF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F6BC8E8DFCE050CCD7EF684A2DCC2184" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The specimen was found crawling rapidly across abyssal sediment in APEI 4, at 5040 m depth. This morphotype has an unusually high crawling speed.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E172CC70F9C9915A7D334533723DD610" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="comparisons">
|
||
<paragraph id="5E29D441D797870F5BCCA66D3E586297" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Comparison with image-based catalogue.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DAF85FF0B7DF5C022799D26C18064388" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
A very similar
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D23B354CF9003CA0818DC2A732DE567F" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1903" class="Holothuroidea" family="Kamptosomatidae" genus="Kamptosoma" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kamptosoma" order="Persiculida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="14D8E84D1D9F54F1C7428AC9D44DED36" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kamptosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. morphotype (i.e.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B68AE84267DB9B5DC75D87CB861EC67E" authorityName="Mironov" authorityYear="1971" class="Holothuroidea" family="Kamptosomatidae" genus="Kamptosoma" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kamptosoma abyssale" order="Persiculida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abyssale">
|
||
<emphasis id="9B05AB40FF09CE6311C5654F954E920D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kamptosoma abyssale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. inc., URC_010) has been encountered in seabed image surveys conducted in abyssal areas of
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3025B1621D8AF29158C0B60D557F6AE5" originalValue="Kiribati’s">Kiribati's</normalizedToken>
|
||
EEZ, but not in the eastern CCZ. URC_010 was the most abundant echinoid morphotype encountered in the abyssal areas explored within
|
||
<normalizedToken id="BF8581716746DDA815153F1BC6A3CC46" originalValue="Kiribati’s">Kiribati's</normalizedToken>
|
||
EEZ (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A49A1AAEDDE66E245C15880357AC5195" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00605" author="Simon-Lledo, E" journalOrPublisher="Limnology and Oceanography" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B87" refString="Simon-Lledo, E, Thompson, S, Yool, A, Flynn, A, Pomee, C, Parianos, J, Jones, DOB, 2019d. Preliminary Observations of the Abyssal Megafauna of Kiribati. Frontiers in Marine Science 605: e605. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00605" title="Preliminary Observations of the Abyssal Megafauna of Kiribati. Frontiers in Marine Science 605: e 605." url="https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00605" year="2019 d">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6D46EF9B4C825E9B8A404E8C4B0D7C78" originalValue="Simon-Lledó">Simon-Lledo</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2019d
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CB6FDF59D202AD71AD699656599B4E86" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="7324CCE50FC4761B867C96860D88E248" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Class
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C081B3E35CBAB610AEC4BC2CDE2D6CB1" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1903" class="Holothuroidea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="class">Holothuroidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FFC5F724A264EF67702DB3B8DBBBBA88" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Holothurians are important components of the benthic deep-sea megafauna, and currently there are 367 records at a minimum depth of 3000 m in the CCZ, with 141 representing preserved specimens (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C2D3CF9FC61C554AD7CC4527017BFEE1" author="O'Loughlin, PM" journalOrPublisher="Part II, Topical Studies in Oceanography" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B75" refString="OBIS (2022) Ocean Biodiversity Information System. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO." year="2011">OBIS 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Holothurians are amongst the most diverse invertebrate megafaunal taxa in the CCZ seafloor; a total of 106 different holothurian morphotypes has been so far catalogued in the image-based assessments consulted for this study, across the CCZ and nearby locations. We collected 18 specimens belonging to 15 different species, for which the COI gene was successfully amplified for all but one specimen. The gene 18S was successfully amplified for that specimen, as well as for other three. These were included in a concatenated alignment (12S, 16S, 18S, 28S, COI, and H3) used to estimate a phylogenetic tree (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="EEE08A03E8190DED0F2E83F31A88BAFC" captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="F34" captionText="Figure 34. Phylogenetic tree of the class Holothuroidea. Concatenated (12 S, 16 S, 18 S, 28 S, COI, and H 3) median consensus BEAST tree with posterior probability (PP) and bootstrap (BS) values indicated. Only values of PP> 0.70 and BS> 50 are shown, with values of PP> 0.95 and BS> 90 indicated with a circle. Nodes not recovered on the RAxML tree are indicated with a hyphen. Sequences generated in this study are highlighted in violet." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716360" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">34</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="336A764EFFBD2718D4A57D17DF40C4B7" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716360" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 34" startId="F34">
|
||
<paragraph id="210DAFA85FBB9F8CFD03DA7CA3CDCE43" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="A62283C68F1546EA265779FD71582182" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 34.</emphasis>
|
||
Phylogenetic tree of the class
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EE562AA6D31AF1CC0CF501FC7806D06" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1903" class="Holothuroidea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="class">Holothuroidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Concatenated (12S, 16S, 18S, 28S, COI, and H3) median consensus BEAST tree with posterior probability (PP) and bootstrap (BS) values indicated. Only values of PP> 0.70 and BS> 50 are shown, with values of PP> 0.95 and BS> 90 indicated with a circle. Nodes not recovered on the RAxML tree are indicated with a hyphen. Sequences generated in this study are highlighted in violet.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="F5D5260D8EC38BB86FA43A0328DEB61D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="BAD10497BCF5F03EC4897549D00CCD93" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Subclass
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CEE263AFFDD4CD3A128CBBBC775FA1C9" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1903" class="Actinopoda" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="class">Actinopoda</taxonomicName>
|
||
Ludwig, 1891
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="871158929CAADE9B7C6598097863097D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="373E9814B62C873E7D2786D2F771BFD9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Order
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E816437B067D3DC57CDF0FFB4703DCCA" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1903" class="Holothuroidea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Persiculida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Persiculida</taxonomicName>
|
||
Miller, Kerr, Paulay, Reich, Wilson, Carvajal & Rouse, 2017
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DDB4107D56B20CF8082B97446EE62737" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="F59692B1D4212A9CD82B3ABEE9BD8494" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="972E31007C530E5CE7FA7947A2867E7E" authorityName="Miller, Kerr, Paulay, Reich, Wilson, Carvajal & Rouse" authorityYear="2017" class="Holothuroidea" family="Molpadiodemidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Persiculida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Molpadiodemidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
Miller, Kerr, Paulay, Reich, Wilson, Carvajal & Rouse, 2017
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |