treatments-xml/data/55/50/D7/5550D7F1A47858A9A010618A2759300A.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3053a769-23d9-4bdd-a263-2a906fa71fa0" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-87-5" ID-Pensoft-UUID="28A860579B6F5F42B8835BFDFA9C71DB" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5811327" ID-ZooBank="AC960296269742468E20BB61AA1AADBF" ModsDocID="1314-2607-87-5" checkinTime="1640348344306" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R. &amp; Talamas, Elijah J." docDate="2021" docId="5550D7F1A47858A9A010618A2759300A" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 87: 5-65" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87" docPubDate="2021-12-23" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563" docTitle="Synopeas occultum Awad 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="80494C1F-0D6A-4474-8A0C-B27312E5587D" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="28A860579B6F5F42B8835BFDFA9C71DB" lastPageNumber="5" masterDocId="28A860579B6F5F42B8835BFDFA9C71DB" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea" masterLastPageNumber="65" masterPageNumber="5" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1678757023542" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Awad, Jessica</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6441-4016</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart. Rosenstein 1, 70191, Stuttgart, Germany</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">jessica.awad@smns-bw.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bremer, Jonathan S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>FDACS-DPI. 1911 SW 34</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Butterill, Philip T.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5554-6591</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>th &amp; St, Gainesville FL 32608, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Moore, Matthew R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>FDACS-DPI. 1911 SW 34</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Talamas, Elijah J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1048-6345</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>FDACS-DPI. 1911 SW 34</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-12-23</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>87</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>5</mods:start>
<mods:end>65</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-87-5</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5811327</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="191737830" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:80494C1F-0D6A-4474-8A0C-B27312E5587D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5550D7F1A47858A9A010618A2759300A" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/80494C1F-0D6A-4474-8A0C-B27312E5587D" authority="Awad" authorityName="Awad" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Synopeas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synopeas occultum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occultum" status="sp. nov.">Synopeas occultum Awad</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="5">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="5" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Body length 1.1-1.5mm. Body color: black. Color of legs: coxae brown, otherwise yellow to brown. Color of mesoscutellar spine: concolorous with mesoscutellar disc.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Head.</emphasis>
Shape of head in anterior view: slightly ovoid. Central keel: absent. Sculpture on frons: reticulate microsculpture. Epitorular sculpture: reticulate microsculpture. Number of clypeal setae: 4. Length of median pair of clypeal setae: longer than lateral pair. Arrangement of clypeal setae: medial setae closer to each other than to lateral setae. Shape of mandible: bidentate. Distance between lateral ocellus and compound eye (OOL): less than 1 ocellar diameter. Lateral ocellar depression: present laterally. Hyperoccipital carina: complete. Hyperoccipital carina strength: uniformly robust. Distance between lateral ocellus and hyperoccipital carina: less than 1 ocellar diameter.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Mesosoma.</emphasis>
Epomial carina: present, complete or nearly so. Microsculpture of lateral pronotum: present dorsally, absent ventrally. Lateral pronotal sculpture coverage: 1/2 to 2/3. Mesoscutellar spine: short and pointed. Mesoscutellar spine in lateral view: pointing posteriorly. Posterior margin of lateral propodeal carina in lateral view: pointed ventrally. Mesosomal dorsum in lateral view: convex. Notauli: unmarked or faintly suggested. Parapsidal lines: very faint. Setation of mesoscutum: sparse. Mesoscutal lamella: short, projecting less than its width beyond margin. Setation of mesoscutellum: laterally dense, medially sparse.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Metasoma.</emphasis>
Microsculpture of S2: present at posterior margin and in posterolateral corners. Sculpture of T2: narrow transverse band of microsculpture at posterior margin. Length of T2: approximately as long as mesosoma.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Wing.</emphasis>
Length of setae on disc of forewing: longer than distance between setal bases. Density of setae on disc of forewing: dense. Arrangement of setae on disc of forewing: uniformly setose distally, proximally glabrous with linea setosa. Forewing marginal setae: setae on posterior margin distinctly longer than setae on anterior margin.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="5811385" doi="10.3897/jhr.87.65563.figure35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/625622" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" start="Figure 35" startId="F35">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Figure 35.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Awad" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Synopeas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synopeas occultum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occultum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Synopeas occultum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(female holotype; FSCA 00090403) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">A</emphasis>
lateral habitus 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">B</emphasis>
dorsal habitus 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">C</emphasis>
ventral habitus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="5" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Awad" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Synopeas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synopeas occultum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occultum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Synopeas occultum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a short, pointed scutellar spine and a robust, complete hyperoccipital carina. It may be distinguished from similar-looking species by the patch of microsculpture on posterior and posterolateral S2 (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Sculpture of metasomal sternite 2 A S. sanga (FSCA 00000399) B S. occultum (FSCA 00090403) C S. roncavei (FSCA 00090249) D S. kira (FSCA 00000398) E S. codex (FSCA 00034030) F S. luli (FSCA 00090412). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.87.65563.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/625593" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">6B</figureCitation>
). It resembles 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. sanga" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="sanga">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">S. sanga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but differs in the length of T2, which is much more elongate in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. occultum" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="occultum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">S. occultum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(compare Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="F35" captionText="Figure 35. Synopeas occultum (female holotype; FSCA 00090403) A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C ventral habitus." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.87.65563.figure35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/625622" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">35</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 41" captionStartId="F41" captionText="Figure 41. Synopeas sanga (female holotype; FSCA 00000399) A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C ventral habitus." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.87.65563.figure41" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/625628" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">41</figureCitation>
). Additionally, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. sanga" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="sanga">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">S. sanga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a long patch of microsculpture at the dorsal margin of T2, which in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. occultum" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="occultum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">S. occultum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is much shorter (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Sculpture of metasomal tergite 2 A S. sanga (FSCA 00094615) B S. occultum (FSCA 00094465) C S. kira (FSCA 00090258) D S. klingunculum (FSCA 00000411). Scale bar: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.87.65563.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/625594" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">7</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="5" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
The epithet &quot; 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Awad" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Synopeas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synopeas occultum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occultum">Synopeas occultum</taxonomicName>
&quot; is Latin for 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“hidden”">&quot;hidden&quot;</normalizedToken>
. It is applied to this species because it was not initially recognized from morphology alone, and its hidden identity was revealed by DNA barcoding.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="5" type="plant associations">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Plant associations.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
Reared from nodule-like galls on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Cypholophus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cypholophus friesianus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="friesianus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Cypholophus friesianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Urticaceae</taxonomicName>
) [GALL266].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="5" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2012-05-24" collectorName="Philip Butterill" country="Papua New Guinea" latitude="-6.14141" location="Yawan" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="146.87415" specimenCount="♀" stateProvince="Morobe" typeStatus="Holotype">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<collectingCountry name="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: 
<specimenCount>♀</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingRegion country="Papua New Guinea" name="Morobe">Morobe</collectingRegion>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5550D7F1A47858A9A010618A2759300A:6C766BB3E455C98CD133250DB4F358ED" country="Papua New Guinea" latitude="-6.14141" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="146.87415" name="Yawan" stateProvince="Morobe">Yawan</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="6.14141" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-6.14141">6.14141°S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="146.87415" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="146.87415">146.87415°E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<collectingDate value="2012-05-24">24.V.2012</collectingDate>
, 
<collectorName>Philip Butterill</collectorName>
leg., 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Cypholophus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cypholophus friesianus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="friesianus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Cypholophus friesianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(FSCA 00090403)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2010-10-04" country="Papua New Guinea" location="Yawan" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-male="4" stateProvince="Morobe" typeStatus="Paratypes">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<typeStatus>Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<collectingCountry name="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: 
<specimenCount>♀</specimenCount>
<specimenCount type="male">4♂</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingRegion country="Papua New Guinea" name="Morobe">Morobe</collectingRegion>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5550D7F1A47858A9A010618A2759300A:09427099637063520F98B9CC2AD07BF9" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Yawan" stateProvince="Morobe">Yawan</location>
, 
<collectingDate value="2010-10-04">04.X.2010</collectingDate>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Cypholophus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cypholophus friesianus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="friesianus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Cypholophus friesianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(FSCA 00090435, 00094460-00094463)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2010-10-07" country="Papua New Guinea" location="Yawan" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Morobe" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount type="male">3♂</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingRegion country="Papua New Guinea" name="Morobe">Morobe</collectingRegion>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5550D7F1A47858A9A010618A2759300A:F664AF3EFBD9F2B08029545B2F35622A" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Yawan" stateProvince="Morobe">Yawan</location>
, 
<collectingDate value="2010-10-07">07.X.2010</collectingDate>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Cypholophus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cypholophus friesianus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="friesianus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Cypholophus friesianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(FSCA 00090436, 00094464-00094465)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2010-11-29" country="Papua New Guinea" location="Yawan" specimenCount="♂" stateProvince="Morobe" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingRegion country="Papua New Guinea" name="Morobe">Morobe</collectingRegion>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5550D7F1A47858A9A010618A2759300A:0779C636ED7980763286DE0B728E11A9" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Yawan" stateProvince="Morobe">Yawan</location>
, 
<collectingDate value="2010-11-29">29.XI.2010</collectingDate>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Cypholophus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cypholophus friesianus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="friesianus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Cypholophus friesianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(FSCA 00090433)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2012-05-24" country="Papua New Guinea" location="Yawan" specimenCount="♀" stateProvince="Morobe" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount>♀</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingRegion country="Papua New Guinea" name="Morobe">Morobe</collectingRegion>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5550D7F1A47858A9A010618A2759300A:8CB54356BC870A0319821A5058DF53EB" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Yawan" stateProvince="Morobe">Yawan</location>
, 
<collectingDate value="2012-05-24">24.V.2012</collectingDate>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Cypholophus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cypholophus friesianus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="friesianus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Cypholophus friesianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(FSCA 00094493)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="5811387" doi="10.3897/jhr.87.65563.figure36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/625623" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" start="Figure 36" startId="F36">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Figure 36.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Awad" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Synopeas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synopeas pattiae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pattiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Synopeas pattiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(female 
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
; FSCA 00090423). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">A</emphasis>
Lateral habitus 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">B</emphasis>
Dorsal habitus 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">C</emphasis>
Ventral habitus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>