265 lines
37 KiB
XML
265 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="21464" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.949.51269" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e4d2c425-4596-487c-8c4f-b09330b48203" ID-PMC="PMC7381721" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-949-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="303D64593B3B550DBB7CE01AA547409D" ID-PubMed="32765176" ID-ZooBank="93BFA448BB7343CDBC4EA86090DA63D5" ModsDocID="1313-2970-949-1" checkinTime="1594832489974" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Salata, Sebastian & Fisher, Brian L." docDate="2020" docId="554932BEF6345443A6E94C2C115F813E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 949: 1-185" docOrigin="ZooKeys 949" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.949.51269" docTitle="Pheidole sikorae Forel 1891" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="303D64593B3B550DBB7CE01AA547409D" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="303D64593B3B550DBB7CE01AA547409D" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the Pheidole sikorae species group (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Madagascar" masterLastPageNumber="185" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732651982216" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="742BD7BBEC00180ADDD26DA3BB95B245" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="DBB2DFC20C8B18CA9C13C4CD0FF89F76">
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<mods:title id="078C4A566A17B5E95681501167A40EB6">Taxonomic revision of the Pheidole sikorae species group (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Madagascar</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="16C09521412F4DF964B15D550D232913" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="BC7E06734D1C5D2698638898CF6FABD1">
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<mods:namePart id="3F8B1CCCB24B6794BF1299D008DE55DE">Salata, Sebastian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="438DAD20254B3809E1721B4E16E6DDFB">Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="FEB6A928C362BFF4EC2F31563CFAC160" type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0811-2309</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="FFEB93468E233E72F22321C55F78DC09" type="email">sdsalata@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="DC9B3A3A00F769C3652DF2D9A376FE71">Fisher, Brian L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6C63F88E8B51F809FA6C69BA98432148">Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="DE07147797800E4FD35BB0D74C2CA367" type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4653-3270</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="071DFE897C68BFE1A29BA121B6DF4ED0">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="5F8D0B4548DBA9B884C3D3D51ADFC32C">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B392401C408928D7E04289621FF41126">
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<mods:date id="7CC5921AFEAF3270B489C82121BB64FC">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="B2A3BEC74A4C60988953815BBA8E04C5" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="E88FA07A31FEB1703B540C20252A34BC">949</mods:number>
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<mods:end id="34BA89F66D16FBD0E4DD11CEE7DC8ADE">185</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="6697A9DE030BD337D008B896CA4BA6B7">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.949.51269</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="EF9AEBFD371B1BBBB3814D49587838E8">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="375378238FE6C22AF0A420C154BA261A" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.949.51269</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="886C92C95AF33127CD9A8372A73B3E4C" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-949-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="554932BEF6345443A6E94C2C115F813E" ID-GBIF-Taxon="165090183" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:554932BEF6345443A6E94C2C115F813E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/554932BEF6345443A6E94C2C115F813E" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Formicidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera">
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<subSubSection id="EA7192BDB22FA0ECC7ACB28C66AC70E3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="B02C3D8EAE2C815A5EB8CD7FC6C717D0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="E53B2380ECC3251ED16D5E9442967FF7" ID-CoL="4FYLD" LSID="554932BE-F634-5443-A6E9-4C2C115F813E" authority="Forel, 1891" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1891" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole sikorae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sikorae">Pheidole sikorae Forel, 1891</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="05DF4584BCDDBC1D48E2DE1600A10883" captionStart="Figure 53" captionStartId="F53" captionText="Figure 53. Pheidole sikorae Forel, full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of minor worker (CASENT 0923322) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of major worker (CASENT 0149951)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.949.51269.figure53" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432222" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 53A-F</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="6DB3B7BCCEBF4F31468681730E048BDD" captionStart="Figure 64" captionStartId="F64" captionText="Figure 64. Major worker, hypostomal teeth. Pheidole masoandro sp. nov. (A). Pheidole mavohavoana sp. nov. (B). Pheidole midongy sp. nov. (C). Pheidole mikros sp. nov. (D). Pheidole mivory sp. nov. (E). Pheidole nitidobruna sp. nov. (F). Pheidole parvula sp. nov. (G). Pheidole parvulogibba sp. nov. (H). Pheidole renirano sp. nov. (I). Pheidole sava sp. nov. (J). Pheidole sikorae Forel (K). Pheidole sofia sp. nov. (L). Pheidole sparsa sp. nov. (M). Pheidole tampony sp. nov. (N). Pheidole trichotos sp. nov. (O). Pheidole tsaravoniana sp. nov. (P). Pheidole vadum sp. nov. (Q). Pheidole veteratrix Forel (R). Pheidole volontany sp. nov. (S). Pheidole vony sp. nov. (T)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.949.51269.figure64" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432233" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 64K</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="AF7811889C07BC5A6562B506E198419A" captionStart="Figure 67" captionStartId="F67" captionText="Figure 67. Distribution. Pheidole renirano sp. nov. (A). Pheidole sava sp. nov. (B). Pheidole sikorae Forel (C). Pheidole sofia sp. nov. (D). Pheidole sparsa sp. nov. (E). Pheidole tampony sp. nov. (F). Pheidole trichotos sp. nov. (G). Pheidole tsaravoniana sp. nov. (H). Pheidole vadum sp. nov. (I). Pheidole veteratrix Forel (J). Pheidole volontany sp. nov. (K). Pheidole vony sp. nov. (L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.949.51269.figure67" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432236" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 67C</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="545229400554BD4C4AE4A1336FF7FAA9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="584A203F3D1205B4DC537801A1790F32" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="69D248B97F9A90719E534854CCF6B799" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="766F8D1B6EBB018CA22CF7EA7C6D1D26" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1891" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole sikorae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sikorae">
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<emphasis id="74AFA4D513721741F499C0C901ACF15C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pheidole sikorae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Forel, 1891: 223 (s.w.). Lectotype [designated here]: major worker (top specimen, CASENT0101692): Madagascar, Antananarivo, Andrangoloaka, coll. Sikora (MHNG) [examined]. Paralectotypes: 1 major worker (CASENT0876548, bottom specimen, the same pin as lectotype) (MHNG) [examined], 3 minor workers (CASENT0101668) (MHNG) [examined].
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="2F6D7B959AE0199C2673CDFC3886A869" doi="10.3897/zookeys.949.51269.figure53" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432222" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 53" startId="F53">
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<paragraph id="9CD113E83A86DC388B7CF23DCE24072E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis id="6923C317897A1A5F07A475F56192D8DA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 53.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="DAF569C833FA995F251C0C4DE349E254" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1891" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole sikorae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sikorae">
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<emphasis id="1539668DAD891BAA6AB754E40F24A1FF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pheidole sikorae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Forel, full-face view (
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<emphasis id="88D5457459FB13A6DD3D3F55D1AAD89F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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), profile (
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<emphasis id="8A7E6BE6BFCA2B2E6061DBAE0CD8622A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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), and dorsal view (
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<emphasis id="87367B93E929C4C5E1E4A8B9C826E4D8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
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) of minor worker (CASENT0923322) and full-face view (
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<emphasis id="29FB58DB5B7BE8E892B66FB0EC5B2D41" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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), profile (
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<emphasis id="A945B24F2452E2E683EA5C870EA77B4B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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), and dorsal view (
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<emphasis id="146403425748DC1EB770D79ED13C166D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
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) of major worker (CASENT0149951).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="608DC9626439F2F029828A6B345249B5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="9E2E3897371639620165F6164C14C826" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Other material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8D3A09CC2AF5DA8F8A6128472C274139" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Madagascar. -
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<emphasis id="1D6E3A7BBA2DA153100AA79A7DB95C83" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fianarantsoa</emphasis>
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: • 1w., 1s.; 2 km W Andrambovato, along river Tatamaly; -21.51167, 47.41; alt. 1075 m; 3 Jun 2005; B. L. Fisher et al. leg.; montane rainforest, ex rotten pocket above ground; BLF12209 (CASC). • 6w., 3s.; Parc National de Ranomafana, Vatoharanana River, 4.1 km 231°SW Ranomafana; -21.29, 47.43333; alt. 1100 m; 27 Mar 2003; B. L. Fisher et al. leg.; montane rainforest, ex rotten log; BLF08414 (CASC).-
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<emphasis id="4ACFFB980BA9C7F67B938A3739DEE1CA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Toamasina</emphasis>
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: • 1w., 1s.; Ile Sainte Marie,
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<normalizedToken id="7DA9C64D718B4FE93BD06DA22D149A62" originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
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Ambohidena, 22.8 km 44° Ambodifotatra;
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<geoCoordinate id="33396878AE5947BF0DCC6F53A8C21996" degrees="16.82433" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-16.82433">-16.82433</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="247D4C663855DACC798EC2984C9CD5E1" degrees="49.96417" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="49.96417">49.96417</geoCoordinate>
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; alt. 20 m; 22 Nov 2005; B. L. Fisher et al. leg.; littoral rainforest, ex dead twig above ground; BLF12907 (CASC).-
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<emphasis id="562D4B2D3EFE0379855B9B09F148E9C8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Toliara</emphasis>
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: • 1w., 1s.;
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<normalizedToken id="595AE310A9EE5F9E4AED318A783A356F" originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken id="60D2324AAE9C95B41257429E3935907B" originalValue="Spéciale">Speciale</normalizedToken>
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Kalambatritra, Ambinanitelo;
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<geoCoordinate id="D4324C8BE68619A33AF0878D196A34CD" degrees="23.4502" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-23.4502">-23.4502</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="B0CE4F79D13EDA52D4DF6095E53AE4C2" degrees="46.45658" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="46.45658">46.45658</geoCoordinate>
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; alt. 1325 m; 11 Feb 2009; B. L. Fisher et al. leg.; montane rainforest, ex rotten log; BLF21764 (CASC). • 2w., 1s.; ibid.; BLF21779 (CASC). • 1w., 1m.; ibid.; BLF21794 (CASC). • 1w., 1s.; ibid.; BLF21805 (CASC). • 1w.; ibid.; BLF21826 (CASC). •1 w., 1m.; ibid.; BLF21829 (CASC). • 1w., 1s.; ibid.; BLF21843 (CASC). • 1w., 1s.; ibid.; BLF21849 (CASC). • 1w.;
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<normalizedToken id="8A088D90A08A1E86F082047EC38794F9" originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken id="5F54BBD64C22EBA02E35FB8D8DFC229F" originalValue="Spéciale">Speciale</normalizedToken>
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Kalambatritra, Ampanihy;
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<geoCoordinate id="7D74AF4E743BA7D770F6810050BE16CA" degrees="23.4635" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-23.4635">-23.4635</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="CD7E6697BD2877E17F3D96AC0AC218E5" degrees="46.4631" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="46.4631">46.4631</geoCoordinate>
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; alt. 1270 m; 9 Feb 2009; B. L. Fisher et al. leg.; montane rainforest; BLF21567 (CASC). • 1w., 1s.; ibid.; BLF21609 (CASC). • 1w., 1s.; ibid.; under moss on rotten log; BLF21647 (CASC). • 1w., 1s.;
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<normalizedToken id="A1241EF97A86CD62AFDA626E227C4694" originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken id="64CB101A19412F1805C88D9D004DE78E" originalValue="Spéciale">Speciale</normalizedToken>
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Kalambatritra, Ampanihy;
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<geoCoordinate id="B32C6A3AFEAA6021819762389BC04176" degrees="23.463" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="-23.463">-23.463</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="0113A6D708475A1F98753FC76D1EFF66" degrees="46.47057" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="46.47057">46.47057</geoCoordinate>
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; alt. 1269 m; 10 Feb 2009; B. L. Fisher et al. leg.; montane rainforest, ex rotten log; BLF21655 (CASC). • 1w., 1s.; ibid.; BLF21656 (CASC). • 2w., 1s., 1q.; ibid.; BLF21712 (CASC). • 1w., 1s.; ibid.; BLF21716 (CASC). • 1w., 1s.;
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<normalizedToken id="18C19ADA8F84B45245F57507E6F6262C" originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken id="DCCE70D4A833614443A43871D4389014" originalValue="Spéciale">Speciale</normalizedToken>
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Kalambatritra, Ampanihy;
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<geoCoordinate id="2BF5C9199BBC57B6B8BB6786FBB609BA" degrees="23.4635" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-23.4635">-23.4635</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="111991EE389445A9CCF69A75A99F78AB" degrees="46.4631" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="46.4631">46.4631</geoCoordinate>
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; alt. 1270 m; 10 Feb 2009; B. L. Fisher et al. leg.; montane rainforest, ex rotten log; BLF21745 (CASC). • 1w.;
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<normalizedToken id="2ADAFFF650598B72EC0359121BD6CBA2" originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken id="E3728F8709D58B02C8C3AFB2640E912B" originalValue="Spéciale">Speciale</normalizedToken>
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Kalambatritra, Befarara;
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<geoCoordinate id="A353F8AEBF161CF1663D45266F700986" degrees="23.4178" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-23.4178">-23.4178</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="C74EC699BBD4CEB10B6DDF77C165EDE2" degrees="46.4478" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="46.4478">46.4478</geoCoordinate>
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; alt. 1390 m; 7 Feb 2009; B. L. Fisher et al. leg.; montane rainforest; BLF21329 (CASC). • 2w., 1s., 1m.; ibid.; ex rotten log; BLF21358 (CASC). • 1w., 1s.; ibid.; BLF21360 (CASC). • 1m.; ibid.; BLF21361 (CASC). • 1w., 1s.; ibid.; BLF21362 (CASC). • 2w., 1s., 1q.; ibid.; BLF21369 (CASC). • 1w., 1s.; ibid.; BLF21392 (CASC). • 1w., 1s.; ibid.; BLF21400 (CASC). • 1w., 1s.;
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<normalizedToken id="6F3E28FE5A540868EC27DC2DFE039E28" originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken id="CCE4DB01AEE7CD4FD41408330584CDC8" originalValue="Spéciale">Speciale</normalizedToken>
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Kalambatritra, Betanana;
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<geoCoordinate id="75CBA830456FAA04A796757359174DFA" degrees="23.4144" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-23.4144">-23.4144</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="90E7EA64366ED5FE12C1D2E138CB1527" degrees="46.459" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="46.459">46.459</geoCoordinate>
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; alt. 1360 m; 8 Feb 2009; B. L. Fisher et al. leg.; montane rainforest, ex rotten log; BLF21426 (CASC). • 1w., 1s.; ibid.; BLF21437 (CASC). • 1w., 1s.; ibid; under moss on rotten log; BLF21450 (CASC). • 1m.; ibid; ex rotten log; BLF21482 (CASC).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EC012646330523FCFEE872C0BB6F9FC7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="9460F82A52667632A09FD36B4350451A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B37F5F25F073D102EE3A07302415EF0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Moderately large species.
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<emphasis id="FAEE4B71507CC1AD8466C1DF62206B61" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Major workers.</emphasis>
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Head in full-face view sub-oval, widening posteriorly, with anterior and posterior sides convex, in lateral view sub-oval; ventral and dorsal faces convex; impressed and smooth concavity placed lateral to antennal socket and tentorial pit present; sides of the head with dense, long, suberect to erect pilosity; anterior and medial parts of frons with sparse, thick, longitudinal, and sometimes interrupted rugae and smooth to indistinctly rugulae interspaces; posterolateral sides with more irregular rugae and smooth to indistinctly rugulate interspaces, area posterolateral from eyes without smooth notches; scape, when laid back, exceeding the midlength of head by approximately one-third of its length; inner hypostomal teeth distinct, moderately high, closely spaced, triangular, with rounded apex and wide base; outer hypostomal teeth lobe-like, wider and higher than inner hypostomal teeth, apex directed outward; inner and outer hypostomal teeth closely spaced and connected by concavity; promesonotum predominantly smooth, with sparse, thin to thick, transverse rugae on pronotum and sometimes with fine, irregular rugulae on anepisternum and katepisternum; propodeum with fine, sparse, and indistinct rugulae; gaster smooth; body yellow to orange.
|
|
<emphasis id="185F3115EA5878C09DF01B8E354FD969" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Minor workers.</emphasis>
|
|
Head sculpture variable, from smooth with foveolae restricted to anterior or medial frons to foveolate with smooth patches on vertex and area posterolateral from eyes; foveolae always sparse, frons sometimes with additional, sparse, and irregular rugae; scape, when laid back, surpassing the posterior head margin by one-fifth of its length; promesonotum moderately high and short; promesonotal groove present; propodeal spines very small and triangular; mesosoma smooth and shiny, only dorsum with few transverse, thick rugulae and propodeum with indistinct and sparse foveolae; body yellow to orange.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="53DB27F62A1507E291C11D184810B5ED" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="47569DD62B157FEBCAD8E77938BA1C5A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="0D9588100A2295ADE1FFF7C9541F29A1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="995086BE18782B29E1E18B4AD94872EE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Major workers.</emphasis>
|
|
Measurements (
|
|
<emphasis id="8D9678E84ABD2BFC85D2D3BFE4BDBAD4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N</emphasis>
|
|
= 10): HL: 0.94-1.18 (1.11); HW: 0.93-1.19 (1.14); SL: 0.65-0.7 (0.67); EL: 0.12-0.15 (0.14); WL: 0.9-1.07 (1.01); PSL: 0.13-0.19 (0.16); MTL: 0.59-0.69 (0.66); PNW: 0.39-0.5 (0.47); PTW: 0.13-0.15 (0.14); PPW: 0.23-0.3 (0.27); CI: 94.2-101.4 (97.3); SI: 55.6-69.7 (59.3); PSLI: 12.1-15.7 (14.5); PPI: 42.5-55.4 (50.1); PNI: 40.0-42.2 (41.5); MTI: 54.4-63.7 (57.7).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="864E8BDA1E0B97DF3C2E38A129202A81" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="792893C7E8C0A2FD4D9EE721EB2C164B" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head.</emphasis>
|
|
In full-face view sub-oval, widening posteriorly, with anterior and posterior sides convex (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="BFEDCECD0EA0B334152B0F70ADAFFA46" captionStart="Figure 53" captionStartId="F53" captionText="Figure 53. Pheidole sikorae Forel, full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of minor worker (CASENT 0923322) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of major worker (CASENT 0149951)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.949.51269.figure53" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432222" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">53B</figureCitation>
|
|
). In lateral view sub-oval; ventral and dorsal faces convex; inner hypostomal teeth invisible. Sides of the head with dense, long, suberect to erect pilosity; whole head with relatively dense, long, decumbent to erect pilosity. Anterior and medial parts of frons with sparse and thick, longitudinal, and sometimes interrupted rugae and smooth to indistinctly rugulate interspaces; posterolateral sides with more irregular rugae and smooth to indistinctly rugulate interspaces. Impressed and smooth concavity placed lateral to antennal socket and tentorial pit present. Occipital lobes with thick, sparse, irregular rugae, sometimes fading medially, interspaces smooth or with fine, indistinct rugulae. Gena with sparse, thick, and longitudinal rugae and smooth interspaces. Area posterolateral from eyes with weaker and sparser rugoreticulae. Centre of clypeus smooth and shiny, lateral sides with indistinct rugulae; median notch present, wide, and shallow; median longitudinal carina absent; lateral longitudinal carinae absent. Scape, when laid back, exceeding the midlength of head by approximately one-third of its length; pilosity decumbent to suberect (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="609FAC7CC9AFD49A1EB1F451B0F1DD35" captionStart="Figure 53" captionStartId="F53" captionText="Figure 53. Pheidole sikorae Forel, full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of minor worker (CASENT 0923322) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of major worker (CASENT 0149951)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.949.51269.figure53" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432222" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">53B, D</figureCitation>
|
|
). Inner hypostomal teeth distinct, moderately high, closely spaced, triangular, with rounded apex and wide base; outer hypostomal teeth lobe-like, wider and higher than inner hypostomal teeth, apex directed outward; inner and outer hypostomal teeth closely spaced and connected by concavity (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="31948DD298C2D37804A999E6BA1238BF" captionStart="Figure 64" captionStartId="F64" captionText="Figure 64. Major worker, hypostomal teeth. Pheidole masoandro sp. nov. (A). Pheidole mavohavoana sp. nov. (B). Pheidole midongy sp. nov. (C). Pheidole mikros sp. nov. (D). Pheidole mivory sp. nov. (E). Pheidole nitidobruna sp. nov. (F). Pheidole parvula sp. nov. (G). Pheidole parvulogibba sp. nov. (H). Pheidole renirano sp. nov. (I). Pheidole sava sp. nov. (J). Pheidole sikorae Forel (K). Pheidole sofia sp. nov. (L). Pheidole sparsa sp. nov. (M). Pheidole tampony sp. nov. (N). Pheidole trichotos sp. nov. (O). Pheidole tsaravoniana sp. nov. (P). Pheidole vadum sp. nov. (Q). Pheidole veteratrix Forel (R). Pheidole volontany sp. nov. (S). Pheidole vony sp. nov. (T)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.949.51269.figure64" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432233" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">64K</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<emphasis id="7A60F32C3E47A571E47E818AF3A1CA15" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mesosoma.</emphasis>
|
|
In lateral view, promesonotum short, angular, and moderately high, posterior mesonotum moderately steep, mesonotal process indistinct, tubercle-like; promesonotal groove absent; metanotal groove present; propodeal spines moderate, triangular, thin, with acute apex; humeral area laterally weakly produced (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="12F2AB1BEF7EA081BAD36A3383593598" captionStart="Figure 53" captionStartId="F53" captionText="Figure 53. Pheidole sikorae Forel, full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of minor worker (CASENT 0923322) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of major worker (CASENT 0149951)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.949.51269.figure53" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432222" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">53D</figureCitation>
|
|
). Surface shiny, promesonotum predominantly smooth, with sparse, thin to thick, transverse rugae on pronotum and sometimes with fine, irregular rugulae on anepisternum and katepisternum; propodeum with fine, sparse, and indistinct rugulae. Pilosity sparse, long, and erect (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="1B32E208ED9C0692B0ACDCAE9D0D07A5" captionStart="Figure 53" captionStartId="F53" captionText="Figure 53. Pheidole sikorae Forel, full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of minor worker (CASENT 0923322) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of major worker (CASENT 0149951)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.949.51269.figure53" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432222" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">53D, F</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<emphasis id="E8B7EE89461A849D2C63A745D28A07A1" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Petiole.</emphasis>
|
|
Shiny with fine and sparse rugulae; peduncle; node smooth to indistinctly rugulose, low, triangular, with rounded apex, in rear view node dorsoventrally convex; pilosity moderately sparse and erect (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="8B14F4A6EA00CBA0FD168EB8B5203313" captionStart="Figure 53" captionStartId="F53" captionText="Figure 53. Pheidole sikorae Forel, full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of minor worker (CASENT 0923322) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of major worker (CASENT 0149951)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.949.51269.figure53" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432222" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">53D, F</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<emphasis id="CDB872DB71F8555ABC82885156690887" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Postpetiole.</emphasis>
|
|
Shiny, with fine and sparse rugulae; in dorsal view postpetiole oval, lateral margins medially with two dentate projections; pilosity long, moderately sparse, and erect (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="8501A6EAD8E8AFB32F042B1218338E73" captionStart="Figure 53" captionStartId="F53" captionText="Figure 53. Pheidole sikorae Forel, full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of minor worker (CASENT 0923322) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of major worker (CASENT 0149951)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.949.51269.figure53" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432222" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">53D, F</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<emphasis id="F03707B223D56A52006DF2D852DFB298" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gaster.</emphasis>
|
|
Shiny and smooth; pilosity sparse, long, and erect (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="954CA14D0D556DF27791F84A26CEB0BB" captionStart="Figure 53" captionStartId="F53" captionText="Figure 53. Pheidole sikorae Forel, full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of minor worker (CASENT 0923322) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of major worker (CASENT 0149951)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.949.51269.figure53" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432222" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">53D, F</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<emphasis id="FEA126C63ADD13BD5AFC0E5B4B30BA33" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colour.</emphasis>
|
|
Yellow to orange; gaster usually slightly darker (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="2D35B25104D5C29A9A6A7DAA738884FD" captionStart="Figure 53" captionStartId="F53" captionText="Figure 53. Pheidole sikorae Forel, full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of minor worker (CASENT 0923322) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of major worker (CASENT 0149951)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.949.51269.figure53" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432222" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">53D, F</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="3BD307E8169FFCEDC17F2E6D07688E36" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="E0446196ADE8D4BA155353ADF02546BE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Minor workers.</emphasis>
|
|
Measurements (
|
|
<emphasis id="EDE0D07F31F9AC5E4BA4DDB0E7E0B61E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N</emphasis>
|
|
= 10): HL: 0.55-0.61 (0.58); HW: 0.46-0.51 (0.49); SL: 0.58-0.63 (0.61); EL: 0.1-0.12 (0.11); WL: 0.67-0.76 (0.72); PSL: 0.06-0.08 (0.07); MTL: 0.45-0.53 (0.48); PNW: 0.3-0.35 (0.33); PTW: 0.07-0.09 (0.08); PPW: 0.13-0.16 (0.14); CI: 114.4-120.7 (118.4); SI: 121.9-127.5 (124.6); PSLI: 10.3-14.0 (11.8); PPI: 49.3-69.0 (60.6); PNI: 64.9-68.8 (67.5); MTI: 94.4-103.9 (98.9).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="19FDC40D53997D5BBF736C1CBD44C9D7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="F1E6D55CCED623A13BC7FCE816D2FED4" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head.</emphasis>
|
|
Cephalic margin straight or indistinctly convex (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="BC21D29889B737F36D10D0762524176B" captionStart="Figure 53" captionStartId="F53" captionText="Figure 53. Pheidole sikorae Forel, full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of minor worker (CASENT 0923322) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of major worker (CASENT 0149951)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.949.51269.figure53" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432222" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">53A</figureCitation>
|
|
). Pilosity moderately dense, long, and erect. Head sculpture variable, from smooth with foveolae restricted to anterior or medial frons to foveolate with smooth patches on vertex and area posterolateral from eyes; foveolae always sparse, frons sometimes with additional, sparse, and irregular rugae; antennal sockets with few thick, curved outward rugae and smooth to foveolae interspaces. Clypeus with median longitudinal carina absent; two lateral longitudinal carinae absent. Scape, when laid back, surpassing the posterior head margin by one-fifth of its length; pilosity dense, suberect to erect (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="79555450B6095134307E0FDA23389151" captionStart="Figure 53" captionStartId="F53" captionText="Figure 53. Pheidole sikorae Forel, full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of minor worker (CASENT 0923322) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of major worker (CASENT 0149951)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.949.51269.figure53" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432222" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">53A, C</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<emphasis id="5999A303051BE8A8659D10883D36FA13" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mesosoma.</emphasis>
|
|
In lateral view, promesonotum moderately high, short, arched; promesonotal groove present, sometimes indistinct; metanotal groove present and distinct; propodeal spines very small and triangular, apex acute (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="725FEA152CCB8FE586700D630DC6EEF0" captionStart="Figure 53" captionStartId="F53" captionText="Figure 53. Pheidole sikorae Forel, full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of minor worker (CASENT 0923322) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of major worker (CASENT 0149951)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.949.51269.figure53" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432222" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">53C</figureCitation>
|
|
). Sculpture smooth and shiny, only dorsum with few transverse, thick rugulae and propodeum with indistinct and sparse foveolae. Pilosity sparse, moderately long, and erect (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="716256DD0CAB0FDDA8723DA436BC5964" captionStart="Figure 53" captionStartId="F53" captionText="Figure 53. Pheidole sikorae Forel, full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of minor worker (CASENT 0923322) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of major worker (CASENT 0149951)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.949.51269.figure53" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432222" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">53C, E</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<emphasis id="92EE60350EDAEFC950BEC74762CC3EAE" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Petiole.</emphasis>
|
|
Peduncle short and thin with ventral face slightly convex(Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="CDAEFE544370210FE1A806E9F55DE9C1" captionStart="Figure 53" captionStartId="F53" captionText="Figure 53. Pheidole sikorae Forel, full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of minor worker (CASENT 0923322) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of major worker (CASENT 0149951)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.949.51269.figure53" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432222" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">53C, E</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<emphasis id="59B6A92F1A2713257651DF59DCE5E924" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Postpetiole.</emphasis>
|
|
Short, low, and convex; with few short, erect setae (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="CEE00E1AE97E3C9B937CDC292C0367FC" captionStart="Figure 53" captionStartId="F53" captionText="Figure 53. Pheidole sikorae Forel, full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of minor worker (CASENT 0923322) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of major worker (CASENT 0149951)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.949.51269.figure53" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432222" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">53C, E</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<emphasis id="731521F61566359A825D635B41793F3C" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gaster.</emphasis>
|
|
With sparse, erect pilosity (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="33CA1F183E61D74C7ECEA427D3FB98C2" captionStart="Figure 53" captionStartId="F53" captionText="Figure 53. Pheidole sikorae Forel, full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of minor worker (CASENT 0923322) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of major worker (CASENT 0149951)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.949.51269.figure53" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432222" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">53C, E</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<emphasis id="C1321D3E237CAA595A30DD3FC093B763" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colour.</emphasis>
|
|
Orange to yellow (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="D49044C06FE083A16D34066F5BDF41C7" captionStart="Figure 53" captionStartId="F53" captionText="Figure 53. Pheidole sikorae Forel, full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of minor worker (CASENT 0923322) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of major worker (CASENT 0149951)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.949.51269.figure53" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432222" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">53C, E</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="15D826CF9CA30192C1DD62115E9E4DF2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="biology_ecology">
|
|
<paragraph id="CA5DCE89A50B9B19605CD3A3B78261CA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Biology.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="AC90A1D76D5D7AE574C8270A279C95D4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The species was collected between 20-1580 m in elevation, in montane and littoral rainforest. Nests were located in rotten logs, dead twigs above ground, under moss, and rot pockets above ground.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="42D7D4B354F9F50DD5780CE6FA96B834" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="comments">
|
|
<paragraph id="7F1DBA4A5D762F0E8B35D21DC2EBBA80" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Comments.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="BE72382F87C114911C307857040FDD33" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
Major workers of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6EED398A5A47545A046FC86CBD9EAB79" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1891" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole sikorae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sikorae">
|
|
<emphasis id="C0C3E091D4279A666FEAE7D8F27106BC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pheidole sikorae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be easily separated from all other Malagasy
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1F10C39CE8E92E6DC1238D1697731047" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="1ACDA2DC08FAFF1EB322AD2642CD0776" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pheidole</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
based on strongly reduced sculpture of mesosoma and presence of impressed and smooth concavity placed lateral to antennal socket and tentorial pit. However, minor workers of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8854C62E984AFAA3F384F58F2219D128" lsidName="P. sikorae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sikorae">
|
|
<emphasis id="6F7930076C842F3D10D34BABA01805A8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. sikorae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
have highly variable head sculpture. In most cases the head is predominantly smooth with sparse foveolae restricted to anterior and medial frons, but sometimes sparse foveolae extend to the whole frons and smooth patches are present only on vertex and area posterolateral from eyes. Minors of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B17860DE217F68D3AF2D3EEAE9E82803" lsidName="P. sikorae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sikorae">
|
|
<emphasis id="1C7243E585C0BED683AF58A40AFBB767" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. sikorae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
with strongly developed head sculpture are indistinguishable from minor workers of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="561E23390B08877ABCA41F03E725C384" lsidName="P. antranohofa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="antranohofa">
|
|
<emphasis id="A965A627F5279FC60192D2960F2D98A4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. antranohofa</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov., a species known from Parc National de Marojejy in Antsiranana. Distribution ranges of these taxa do not overlap.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |