164 lines
18 KiB
XML
164 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="7A10D57EDD5DFED064B0A6A7FE6109F6" ID-DOI="10.12782/sd.21.1.071" ID-ISSN="2189-7301" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5737668" ID-ZooBank="8C100709-5B8B-42CB-BF9E-60B6F55F6045" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1638226989121" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Prokofiev, Artem M." docDate="2016" docId="554887B6E24A7923FEB74222FD4AB241" docLanguage="en" docName="SpeciesDiversity.21.1.71-77.pdf" docOrigin="Species Diversity 21" docStyle="DocumentStyle:27FECD2C3CD153DA405029F2D33C9514.7:SpeciesDiversity.2012-.journal_article" docStyleId="27FECD2C3CD153DA405029F2D33C9514" docStyleName="SpeciesDiversity.2012-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Xylotrupes clinias Schaufuss 1885" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="72" masterDocId="A971FFCEE24B7922FFA8436AFFFBB730" masterDocTitle="On the Phytophagous Scarabs of the Subfamilies Dynastinae, Rutelinae, and Melolonthinae from the Schouten Islands (Kepulauan Biak), Indonesian Papua (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)" masterLastPageNumber="77" masterPageNumber="71" pageNumber="72" updateTime="1699433237484" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="33C0EB00524B9ED4AE15EFFF0D2EEEF5">On the Phytophagous Scarabs of the Subfamilies Dynastinae, Rutelinae, and Melolonthinae from the Schouten Islands (Kepulauan Biak), Indonesian Papua (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="ADD89132A623DA868A63E0CAF70ADE14" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="78C6E8FFD65ED40A1E016108FA7771B2">Prokofiev, Artem M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:titleInfo id="EA4DFCA919611DB5ECBB7FC00514F1E0">
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<mods:title id="4FDAFE5A87EDE13C7B7BB777FCCDBAAE">Species Diversity</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="2881C7DA4972E703B0E0919E8EC982D2">
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<mods:date id="CB9D9528513E93AFB615AE022F898074">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="101BA241AA6C5D7F525A25F1BC31CBA5" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="7C30F6D74B7CF6CF3A28F537E6A8FEE2">2016-05-25</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="96721CEFB369C5C623C6D512665EB7CC" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="46E51BBC3795D31AB5DCDDFDB82496A7">21</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="A37A3F1E608477711EB3036EA2AB264C">71</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="31C67E006A47430C6D55CF52AD8FF585">77</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="7FB458C43899D588F51024006EBD8007">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="13FF5C325EE7B9D5D73AD494EE7ACBCD" type="DOI">10.12782/sd.21.1.071</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="554887B6E24A7923FEB74222FD4AB241" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5737624" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5737624" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:554887B6E24A7923FEB74222FD4AB241" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/554887B6E24A7923FEB74222FD4AB241" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
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<subSubSection id="95FB652BE24A7923FEB74222FD87B650" box="[287,636,328,352]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="DD5E36A0E24A7923FEB74222FD87B650" blockId="1.[287,636,328,352]" box="[287,636,328,352]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
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<heading id="861681CCE24A7923FEB74222FD87B650" box="[287,636,328,352]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="1AE14D23E24A7923FEB74222FD87B650" authority="Schaufuss, 1885" authorityName="Schaufuss" authorityYear="1885" box="[287,636,328,352]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Xylotrupes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clinias">
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<emphasis id="EF95EAB2E24A7923FEB74222FE2CB650" bold="true" box="[287,471,328,352]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Xylotrupes clinias</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="B9704B51E24A7923FE744222FD87B650" author="Schaufuss, L. W." box="[476,636,328,352]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" pagination="183 - 209" refId="ref6368" refString="Schaufuss, L. W. 1885. Beitrag zur fauna der niederlandischen besitzungen auf den Sunda-Inseln. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae 19: 183 - 209." type="journal article" year="1885">Schaufuss, 1885</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="95FB652BE24A7923FF3442E3FDDEB692" box="[156,549,393,418]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="DD5E36A0E24A7923FF3442E3FDDEB692" blockId="1.[156,549,393,418]" box="[156,549,393,418]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="FDF1118EE24A7923FF3442E3FDDEB692" box="[156,549,393,418]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
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<treatmentCitation id="5C4010B1E24A7923FF3442E3FDDAB692" author="Schaufuss, L. W." box="[156,545,393,418]" page="192" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" year="1885">
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<taxonomicName id="1AE14D23E24A7923FF3442E3FDDAB692" authority="Schaufuss, 1885: 192" authorityName="Schaufuss" authorityPageNumber="192" authorityYear="1885" box="[156,545,393,418]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Xylotrupes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clinias">
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<emphasis id="EF95EAB2E24A7923FF3442E3FEB2B691" box="[156,329,393,417]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Xylotrupes clinias</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="B9704B51E24A7923FEE642E3FDDAB692" author="Schaufuss, L. W." box="[334,545,393,418]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" pagination="183 - 209" refId="ref6368" refString="Schaufuss, L. W. 1885. Beitrag zur fauna der niederlandischen besitzungen auf den Sunda-Inseln. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae 19: 183 - 209." type="journal article" year="1885">Schaufuss, 1885: 192</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="95FB652BE24A7923FF1D42A0FD13B555" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="DD5E36A0E24A7923FF1D42A0FD13B555" blockId="1.[156,768,458,1394]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
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<emphasis id="EF95EAB2E24A7923FF1D42A0FEEEB6D2" bold="true" box="[181,277,458,482]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Material.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="6D893CFDE24A7923FE8742A1FD0DB6D2" box="[303,758,459,483]" country="Indonesia" location="Indonesia" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-female="4" specimenCount-male="3">
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<specimenCount id="CBE7FD29E24A7923FE8742A1FE84B6D3" box="[303,383,459,483]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
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,
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<specimenCount id="CBE7FD29E24A7923FE2342A1FE15B6D3" box="[395,494,459,483]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" type="female">4 females</specimenCount>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="A5F67630E24A7923FE5142A1FDA4B6D3" box="[505,607,459,483]" name="Indonesia" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="1AE14D23E24A7923FDC242A1FD0DB6D2" authority=", Biak I., Biak Kota, Samau" authorityName="Biak I., Biak Kota, Samau" box="[618,758,459,483]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Apogonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papua">Papua, Biak I</taxonomicName>
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</materialsCitation>
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.,
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<materialsCitation id="6D893CFDE24A7923FF344281FD07B533" box="[156,764,491,515]" collectingDate="2012-11-20" country="Indonesia" location="Nirmala Hotel" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" specimenCount="1">
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Biak Kota, Samau village,
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<location id="D83E607BE24A7923FE0F4281FDC6B533" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:554887B6E24A7923FEB74222FD4AB241:D83E607BE24A7923FE0F4281FDC6B533" box="[423,573,491,515]" country="Indonesia" name="Nirmala Hotel" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Nirmala Hotel</location>
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, 08–
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<date id="A95F1060E24A7923FDC44281FD26B533" box="[620,733,491,515]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" value="2012-11-20">
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<collectingDate id="B91BE988E24A7923FDC44281FD26B533" box="[620,733,491,515]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" value="2012-11-20">20.11.2012</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, A
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="6D893CFDE24A7923FD544281FF4EB513" collectingDate="2012-11-20" country="Indonesia" isTailEnumeration="true" location="Nirmala Hotel" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" specimenCount="1">. M</materialsCitation>
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. Prokofiev leg
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<materialsCitation id="6D893CFDE24A7923FEE34166FDC9B555" collectingDate="2012-11-19" country="Indonesia" county="Air Napdori river" location="Biak Utar" municipality="Napdori village" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="2">
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.;
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<specimenCount id="CBE7FD29E24A7923FEF34166FE50B514" box="[347,427,524,548]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
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,
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<specimenCount id="CBE7FD29E24A7923FE104166FDE0B514" box="[440,539,524,548]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
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,
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<location id="D83E607BE24A7923FD8F4166FD71B513" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:554887B6E24A7923FEB74222FD4AB241:D83E607BE24A7923FD8F4166FD71B513" box="[551,650,524,548]" country="Indonesia" county="Air Napdori river" municipality="Napdori village" name="Biak Utar" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Biak Utar</location>
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, near
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<collectingMunicipality id="3D3AACDAE24A7923FD644166FEE8B574" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Napdori village</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<quantity id="1A199B45E24A7923FE884146FE92B574" box="[288,361,556,580]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" unit="km" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 km</quantity>
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from right bank of
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<collectingCounty id="343F4E2CE24A7923FDEA4146FD00B574" box="[578,763,556,580]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Air Napdori river</collectingCounty>
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, black light, 10–11 and 18–
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<date id="A95F1060E24A7923FE0B4127FDEEB555" box="[419,533,589,613]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" value="2012-11-19">
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<collectingDate id="B91BE988E24A7923FE0B4127FDEEB555" box="[419,533,589,613]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" value="2012-11-19">19.11.2012</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, A
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="6D893CFDE24A7923FD9A4127FDAFB554" box="[562,596,589,613]" collectingDate="2012-11-19" country="Indonesia" county="Air Napdori river" isTailEnumeration="true" location="Biak Utar" municipality="Napdori village" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" specimenCount="1">. M</materialsCitation>
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. Prokofiev leg.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="95FB652BE24A7923FF1D4107FD4AB241" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="DD5E36A0E24A7923FF1D4107FD4AB241" blockId="1.[156,768,458,1394]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
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<emphasis id="EF95EAB2E24A7923FF1D4107FEE2B5B5" bold="true" box="[181,281,621,645]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Remarks.</emphasis>
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This species has been known hitherto from
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<collectingRegion id="1F25F842E24A7923FF3441E4FF09B596" box="[156,242,654,678]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
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and the
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<collectingCountry id="A5F67630E24A7923FECA41E4FE39B596" box="[354,450,654,678]" name="Indonesia" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Moluccas</collectingCountry>
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eastward to the Kei Islands (
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<bibRefCitation id="B9704B51E24A7923FF0B41C4FEC5B5F6" author="Rowland, J. M." box="[163,318,686,710]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref6345" refString="Rowland, J. M. 2011. Notes on nomenclature in Xylotrupes Hope. Insecta Mundi 176: 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="2011">Rowland 2011</bibRefCitation>
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). The populations from the main island of New
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<collectingCountry id="A5F67630E24A7923FF7A41A5FEE7B5D7" box="[210,284,719,743]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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and the Aru Islands were separated as
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<taxonomicName id="1AE14D23E24A7923FD1B41BAFE8CB437" authority="Rowland, 2011" authorityName="Rowland" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Xylotrupes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carinulus">
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<emphasis id="EF95EAB2E24A7923FD1B41BAFF28B437" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">X. carinulus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="B9704B51E24A7923FF754185FE8CB437" author="Rowland, J. M." box="[221,375,751,775]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref6345" refString="Rowland, J. M. 2011. Notes on nomenclature in Xylotrupes Hope. Insecta Mundi 176: 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="2011">Rowland, 2011</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<emphasis id="EF95EAB2E24A7923FE224185FE31B437" box="[394,458,751,775]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">loc.cit.</emphasis>
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). Surprisingly, the specimens from Biak possess well-developed pronotal carinae, which is not characteristic for a New Guinean species. A direct comparison of the Schouten specimens with specimens from Ceram and
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<collectingCountry id="A5F67630E24A7923FEFC401BFE5AB4B9" box="[340,417,881,905]" name="Indonesia" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Ambon</collectingCountry>
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Is. (
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<taxonomicName id="1AE14D23E24A7923FE7B4018FDCAB4B9" authorityName="Schaufuss" authorityYear="1885" box="[467,561,881,905]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Xylotrupes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clinias">
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<emphasis id="EF95EAB2E24A7923FE7B4018FDCAB4B9" box="[467,561,881,905]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">X. clinias</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) and Fak-Fak Mts., New
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<collectingCountry id="A5F67630E24A7923FF7E40F8FEDBB49A" box="[214,288,914,938]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="1AE14D23E24A7923FE9C40F9FE4AB49A" authorityName="Rowland" authorityYear="2011" box="[308,433,914,938]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Xylotrupes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carinulus">
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<emphasis id="EF95EAB2E24A7923FE9C40F9FE4AB49A" box="[308,433,914,938]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">X. carinulus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) shows their full identity with the former species. The presence of beetles morphologically identical to the Moluccan form on the Geelvink Bay islands indicates that the distribution of this form extends rather far eastward along the northwestern coast of New
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<collectingCountry id="A5F67630E24A7923FD07477EFD07B31C" box="[687,764,1044,1068]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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. On the other hand, the differences between
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<taxonomicName id="1AE14D23E24A7923FDF2475FFD4DB37D" authorityName="Schaufuss" authorityYear="1885" box="[602,694,1077,1101]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Xylotrupes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clinias">
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<emphasis id="EF95EAB2E24A7923FDF2475FFD4DB37D" box="[602,694,1077,1101]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">X. clinias</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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and
|
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<taxonomicName id="1AE14D23E24A7923FD41475FFF03B35D" authorityName="Rowland" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Xylotrupes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carinulus">
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<emphasis id="EF95EAB2E24A7923FD41475FFF03B35D" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">X. carinulus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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may represent population variability rather than specific differences, inasmuch as both nominal species have the same structure of the raspulae (
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<bibRefCitation id="B9704B51E24A7923FDB147FCFD49B39E" author="Rowland, J. M." box="[537,690,1174,1198]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" pagination="213 - 258" refId="ref6312" refString="Rowland, J. M. 2003. Male horn dimorphism, phylogeny and systematics of rhinoceros beetles of the genus Xylotrupes. Australian Journal of Zoology 51: 213 - 258." type="journal article" year="2003">Rowland 2003</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="B9704B51E24A7923FD6847FCFD0FB39E" author="Rowland, J. M." box="[704,756,1174,1198]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref6345" refString="Rowland, J. M. 2011. Notes on nomenclature in Xylotrupes Hope. Insecta Mundi 176: 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="2011">2011</bibRefCitation>
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), and populations with developed pronotal carinae may be sparsely distributed among populations that lack such carinae. Arguing against this, however,
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<bibRefCitation id="B9704B51E24A7923FD8A4792FD33B220" author="Rowland, J. M." box="[546,712,1272,1296]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref6345" refString="Rowland, J. M. 2011. Notes on nomenclature in Xylotrupes Hope. Insecta Mundi 176: 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="2011">Rowland (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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considered the pronotal structure to be a very stable character for
|
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<taxonomicName id="1AE14D23E24A7923FF684650FEC1B261" authorityName="Rowland" authorityYear="2011" box="[192,314,1337,1361]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Xylotrupes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carinulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EF95EAB2E24A7923FF684650FEC1B261" box="[192,314,1337,1361]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">X. carinulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on his examination of more than
|
||
<specimenCount id="CBE7FD29E24A7923FD724653FF2DB241" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" type="male">200 males</specimenCount>
|
||
from the whole assumed range of distribution.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |