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<document id="61F96CECD93FD06725A87B4B574C637E" ID-DOI="10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00327.x" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5428275" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630416582313" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Anquetin, Jérémy, Antoine, Pierre-Olivier &amp; Tassy, Pascal" docDate="2007" docId="55432810A03D1E39FC21FC25FADC577D" docLanguage="en" docName="j.1096-3642.2007.00327.x.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 151 (3)" docSource="https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00327.x" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8.2:ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleId="0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Chalicotherium Kaup 1833" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="587" masterDocId="A97A5068A0371E33FF85FFE2FFEF500D" masterDocTitle="Middle Miocene Chalicotheriinae (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from France, with a discussion on chalicotheriine phylogeny" masterLastPageNumber="608" masterPageNumber="577" pageNumber="587" updateTime="1699263377839" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="A6FB781C7C0C2975E6FE6EE2F613FDF3">Middle Miocene Chalicotheriinae (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from France, with a discussion on chalicotheriine phylogeny</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8A4E1989B4D999CCC77FA3113E5BE285">Anquetin, Jérémy</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9E465E5B94A9D77BFF0395BF0EE4C084">Antoine, Pierre-Olivier</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="DD559906A03D1E39FC21FC25FAFE53D0" blockId="10.[932,1297,967,991]" box="[932,1297,967,991]" pageId="10" pageNumber="587">
<heading id="861D2E6AA03D1E39FC21FC25FAFE53D0" box="[932,1297,967,991]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="587" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="1AEAE285A03D1E39FC21FC25FAEE53D2" authority="KAUP, 1833" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1833" box="[932,1281,967,991]" class="Mammalia" family="Chalicotheriidae" genus="Chalicotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="10" pageNumber="587" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EF9E4514A03D1E39FC21FC25FB9D53D0" box="[932,1138,967,991]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="587">CHALICOTHERIUM</emphasis>
KAUP, 1833
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A
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DD559906A03D1E39FCA3FC12FBB65408" blockId="10.[806,1113,1008,1030]" box="[806,1113,1008,1030]" pageId="10" pageNumber="587">
<taxonomicName id="1AEAE285A03D1E39FCA3FC12FBB65408" authority="Pictet, 1844" authorityName="Pictet" authorityYear="1844" box="[806,1113,1008,1030]" class="Mammalia" family="Chalicotheriidae" genus="Macrotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="10" pageNumber="587" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EF9E4514A03D1E39FCA3FC12FC265408" box="[806,969,1008,1029]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="587">Macrotherium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B97BE4F7A03D1E39FC54FC12FBB65408" author="Pictet FJ" box="[977,1113,1008,1030]" pageId="10" pageNumber="587" refId="ref22042" refString="Pictet FJ. 1844. Traite Elementaire de Paleontologie, Ou Histoire Naturelle Des Animaux Fossiles Consideres Dans Leurs Rapports Zoologiques et Geologiques, Vol. 1. Geneve." type="book" year="1844">Pictet, 1844</bibRefCitation>
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<subSubSection id="95F0CA8DA03D1E39FCA3FBC2FADC577D" pageId="10" pageNumber="587" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="DD559906A03D1E39FCA3FBC2FC945501" blockId="10.[806,1422,1055,1813]" pageId="10" pageNumber="587">
<emphasis id="EF9E4514A03D1E39FCA3FBC2FC735438" box="[806,924,1056,1077]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="587">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Amoung
<taxonomicName id="1AEAE285A03D1E39FB90FBFDFB3C5438" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1872" box="[1045,1235,1055,1077]" class="Mammalia" family="Chalicotheriidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="10" pageNumber="587" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chalicotheriinae">Chalicotheriinae</taxonomicName>
(height of the mandibular corpus increasing posteriorly; protoloph of P
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and P
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lost; protoloph not reaching the protocone on molars; upper molars subsquare),
<taxonomicName id="1AEAE285A03D1E39FB38FB99FA80549D" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1833" box="[1213,1391,1147,1168]" class="Mammalia" family="Chalicotheriidae" genus="Chalicotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="10" pageNumber="587" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EF9E4514A03D1E39FB38FB99FA80549D" box="[1213,1391,1147,1168]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="587">Chalicotherium</emphasis>
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is diagnosed by two unambiguous synapomorphies (see cladistic analysis): occipital condyles elongated vertically; postfossette more pinched on M
<superScript id="2A9F344EA03D1E39FB58FB31FB0A54EC" attach="left" box="[1245,1253,1235,1249]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="587">3</superScript>
than on other molars.
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<paragraph id="DD559906A03D1E39FCBAFAF6FB2D5718" blockId="10.[806,1422,1055,1813]" pageId="10" pageNumber="587">
The cranial anatomy of
<taxonomicName id="1AEAE285A03D1E39FBD8FAF6FAE05524" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1833" box="[1117,1295,1300,1321]" class="Mammalia" family="Chalicotheriidae" genus="Chalicotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="10" pageNumber="587" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EF9E4514A03D1E39FBD8FAF6FAE05524" box="[1117,1295,1300,1321]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="587">Chalicotherium</emphasis>
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is far less derived than that of
<taxonomicName id="1AEAE285A03D1E39FB9CFAD1FB6C5545" authorityName="Lartet" authorityYear="1851" box="[1049,1155,1331,1352]" class="Bryopsida" genus="Anisodon" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="10" pageNumber="587" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EF9E4514A03D1E39FB9CFAD1FB6C5545" box="[1049,1155,1331,1352]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="587">Anisodon</emphasis>
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and retains numerous plesiomorphic traits, such as: a rather long snout and skull; parallel (in ventral view) and straight (in lateral view) upper tooth rows; lack of a lacrimal tubercle; no groove between the ventral border of the zygomatic arch and M
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; postorbital process on the jugal absent; tent-shaped braincase (not swollen); ventrally orientated paroccipital process; upper part of the occiput projected posteriorly; retromolar space present on both the maxilla and mandible; tympanic bulla not extended anterior to the postglenoid process; angulus mandibulae straight (not expanded ventrally); metacone at least as lingual as the paracone on M
<superScript id="2A9F344EA03D1E39FAA2F97DFAC056A0" attach="left" box="[1319,1327,1695,1709]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="587">1</superScript>
and M
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; external walls of the metacone and metastyle subperpendicular to the mesiodistal lengthening on M
<superScript id="2A9F344EA03D1E39FAFAF93EFA6856E7" attach="right" box="[1407,1415,1756,1770]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="587">3</superScript>
; strong metastylid on lower molars.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD559906A03D1E39FCA3F8CCFA6E574F" blockId="10.[806,1409,1837,1859]" box="[806,1409,1837,1859]" pageId="10" pageNumber="587">
<emphasis id="EF9E4514A03D1E39FCA3F8CCFC58574E" box="[806,951,1838,1859]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="587">
<typeStatus id="025127A4A03D1E39FCA3F8CCFCB4574E" box="[806,859,1838,1859]" pageId="10" pageNumber="587">Type</typeStatus>
species:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1AEAE285A03D1E39FC45F8CFFA92574F" authority="Kaup, 1833 a" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1833" box="[960,1405,1837,1858]" class="Mammalia" family="Chalicotheriidae" genus="Chalicotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="10" pageNumber="587" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="goldfussi">
<emphasis id="EF9E4514A03D1E39FC45F8CFFB0F574F" box="[960,1248,1837,1858]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="587">Chalicotherium goldfussi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B97BE4F7A03D1E39FB6CF8CFFA92574F" author="Kaup JJ" box="[1257,1405,1837,1858]" pageId="10" pageNumber="587" refId="ref21478" refString="Kaup JJ. 1833 a. Description d'ossements fossiles de Mammiferes inconnus jusqu'a-present, qui se trouvent au Museum grand-ducal de Darmstadt. Second Cahier. Darmstadt: J. G. Heyer." type="book" year="1833">Kaup, 1833a</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD559906A03D1E39FCA3F8B9FADC577D" blockId="10.[806,1331,1883,1905]" box="[806,1331,1883,1905]" pageId="10" pageNumber="587">
<emphasis id="EF9E4514A03D1E39FCA3F8B9FAC4577D" box="[806,1323,1883,1905]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="587">
Included species:
<taxonomicName id="1AEAE285A03D1E39FC6AF8B9FAC4577D" baseAuthorityName="Colbert" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[1007,1323,1883,1904]" class="Mammalia" family="Chalicotheriidae" genus="Chalicotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="10" pageNumber="587" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris">Chalicotherium brevirostris</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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