364 lines
47 KiB
XML
364 lines
47 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="ABA96C6EB2EF23E329AAC6BEDA29DF31">Middle Miocene Chalicotheriinae (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from France, with a discussion on chalicotheriine phylogeny</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7E9079DCC5138EAF92EC611A7D629B88">Anquetin, Jérémy</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B09A82DA4026D04CA805168D292BC70F">Antoine, Pierre-Olivier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6F040686CBB9CC97020DE7A5673025AD">Tassy, Pascal</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="B96DD3F56DF264F47BD5A3D5523CCCA1">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="C0667A691C56E3C4F21C2DDC95BE5EB8">
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<mods:date id="88A82A61CE002993BCF47DF87077C8CF">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D18EEBD0F624047B9BC20AAED7E8074E">2007-11-30</mods:number>
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<treatment id="55432810A03C1E3FFF58FF21FBBA547F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:55432810A03C1E3FFF58FF21FBBA547F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/55432810A03C1E3FFF58FF21FBBA547F" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="589" pageId="11" pageNumber="588">
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<subSubSection id="95F0CA8DA03C1E38FF58FF21FD3F50D4" box="[221,720,195,219]" pageId="11" pageNumber="588" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="DD559906A03C1E38FF58FF21FD3F50D4" blockId="11.[221,720,195,219]" box="[221,720,195,219]" pageId="11" pageNumber="588">
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<heading id="861D2E6AA03C1E38FF58FF21FD3F50D4" box="[221,720,195,219]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="588" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="1AEAE285A03C1E38FF58FF21FD2F50D6" authority="KAUP, 1833" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1833" box="[221,704,195,219]" class="Mammalia" family="Chalicotheriidae" genus="Chalicotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="587" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="goldfussi">
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<emphasis id="EF9E4514A03C1E38FF58FF21FDDE50D4" box="[221,561,195,219]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="588">CHALICOTHERIUM GOLDFUSSI</emphasis>
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KAUP, 1833
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</taxonomicName>
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A
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="95F0CA8DA03C1E38FF27FF0EFDB8510C" box="[162,599,236,258]" pageId="11" pageNumber="588" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="DD559906A03C1E38FF27FF0EFDB8510C" blockId="11.[162,599,236,258]" box="[162,599,236,258]" pageId="11" pageNumber="588">
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<taxonomicName id="1AEAE285A03C1E38FF27FF0EFDB8510C" authority="Pictet, 1844" authorityName="Pictet" authorityYear="1844" box="[162,599,236,258]" class="Mammalia" family="Chalicotheriidae" genus="Macrotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giganteum">
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<emphasis id="EF9E4514A03C1E38FF27FF0EFE29510F" box="[162,454,236,258]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="588">Macrotherium giganteum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="B97BE4F7A03C1E38FE4AFF0EFDB8510C" author="Pictet FJ" box="[463,599,236,258]" pageId="11" pageNumber="588" refId="ref22042" refString="Pictet FJ. 1844. Traite Elementaire de Paleontologie, Ou Histoire Naturelle Des Animaux Fossiles Consideres Dans Leurs Rapports Zoologiques et Geologiques, Vol. 1. Geneve." type="book" year="1844">Pictet, 1844</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="95F0CA8DA03C1E3FFF27FEFEFBBA547F" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="589" pageId="11" pageNumber="588" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="DD559906A03C1E38FF27FEFEFEC751E4" blockId="11.[162,778,283,735]" pageId="11" pageNumber="588">
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<emphasis id="EF9E4514A03C1E38FF27FEFEFEF6513C" box="[162,281,284,305]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="588">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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In the present paper,
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<taxonomicName id="1AEAE285A03C1E38FDB7FEF9FD59513D" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1833" box="[562,694,283,304]" class="Mammalia" family="Chalicotheriidae" genus="Chalicotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="goldfussi">
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<emphasis id="EF9E4514A03C1E38FDB7FEF9FD59513D" box="[562,694,283,304]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="588">C. goldfussi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is not diagnosed by any autapomorphy. This is the consequence of our choice not to include the specimen CCECM Lgr 1065 from La Grive Saint-Alban within
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<taxonomicName id="1AEAE285A03C1E38FF27FE74FEC951A6" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1833" box="[162,294,406,427]" class="Mammalia" family="Chalicotheriidae" genus="Chalicotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="goldfussi">
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<emphasis id="EF9E4514A03C1E38FF27FE74FEC951A6" box="[162,294,406,427]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="588">C. goldfussi</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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for the time being, despite both anatomical evidence and the result of our cladistic analysis (see below).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DD559906A03C1E38FF3EFE10FDCC52D2" blockId="11.[162,778,283,735]" pageId="11" pageNumber="588">
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<taxonomicName id="1AEAE285A03C1E38FF3EFE10FE33520A" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1833" box="[187,476,498,519]" class="Mammalia" family="Chalicotheriidae" genus="Chalicotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="goldfussi">
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<emphasis id="EF9E4514A03C1E38FF3EFE10FE33520A" box="[187,476,498,519]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="588">Chalicotherium goldfussi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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displays the two synapomorphies of
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<taxonomicName id="1AEAE285A03C1E38FEB9FDF2FE015228" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1833" box="[316,494,528,549]" class="Mammalia" family="Chalicotheriidae" genus="Chalicotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="EF9E4514A03C1E38FEB9FDF2FE015228" box="[316,494,528,549]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="588">Chalicotherium</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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, and almost all plesiomorphic characters mentioned in the diagnosis of the latter (except those of the skull, as no skull is known for this species). Both
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<taxonomicName id="1AEAE285A03C1E38FDC1FD8FFD28528C" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1833" box="[580,711,620,642]" class="Mammalia" family="Chalicotheriidae" genus="Chalicotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="goldfussi">
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||
<emphasis id="EF9E4514A03C1E38FDC1FD8FFD28528C" box="[580,711,620,642]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="588">C. goldfussi</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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and CCECM Lgr 1065 have a complete protoloph on P
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<superScript id="2A9F344EA03C1E38FF36FD47FF5452BE" attach="left" box="[179,187,677,691]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="588">3</superScript>
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[unambiguous synapomorphy of the clade (
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<taxonomicName id="1AEAE285A03C1E38FF2FFD2BFDE052D2" authority=", CCECM Lgr 1065" authorityName=", CCECM Lgr" authorityYear="1065" box="[170,527,712,735]" class="Mammalia" family="Chalicotheriidae" genus="Chalicotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="goldfussi">
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||
<emphasis id="EF9E4514A03C1E38FF2FFD2BFEC152D0" box="[170,302,712,734]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="588">C. goldfussi</emphasis>
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, CCECM Lgr 1065
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</taxonomicName>
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)].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DD559906A03C1E38FF27FD15FE2E5365" blockId="11.[162,778,754,872]" pageId="11" pageNumber="588">
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||
<emphasis id="EF9E4514A03C1E38FF27FD15FEFD5301" box="[162,274,759,780]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="588">
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<typeStatus id="025127A4A03C1E38FF27FD15FEE35301" box="[162,268,759,780]" pageId="11" pageNumber="588" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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Right M
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<superScript id="2A9F344EA03C1E38FE05FD10FE67530D" attach="left" box="[384,392,754,768]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="588">3</superScript>
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(HLM Din. 3167) described and illustrated by
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<bibRefCitation id="B97BE4F7A03C1E38FEC1FCF7FE0E5326" author="Kaup JJ" box="[324,481,789,811]" pageId="11" pageNumber="588" refId="ref21478" refString="Kaup JJ. 1833 a. Description d'ossements fossiles de Mammiferes inconnus jusqu'a-present, qui se trouvent au Museum grand-ducal de Darmstadt. Second Cahier. Darmstadt: J. G. Heyer." type="book" year="1833">Kaup (1833a)</bibRefCitation>
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||
. This
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<typeStatus id="025127A4A03C1E38FDA0FCF7FD645326" box="[549,651,789,811]" pageId="11" pageNumber="588" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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was designated by
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<bibRefCitation id="B97BE4F7A03C1E38FE95FCD6FDC55347" author="Schaefer H & Zapfe H" box="[272,554,820,842]" pageId="11" pageNumber="588" pagination="157 - 199" refId="ref22110" refString="Schaefer H, Zapfe H. 1971. Chalicotherium grande Blainv. und Chalicotherium goldfussi Kaup. Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel 81: 157 - 199." type="journal article" year="1971">Schaefer & Zapfe (1971)</bibRefCitation>
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, who reviewed and illustrated the specimen.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DD559906A03C1E38FF27FC62FD7953B8" blockId="11.[162,778,896,995]" pageId="11" pageNumber="588">
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<materialsCitation id="6D82935BA03C1E38FF27FC62FD7D53B8" collectionCode="HLM" pageId="11" pageNumber="588" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paralectotype">
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||
<emphasis id="EF9E4514A03C1E38FF27FC62FEAF5398" box="[162,320,896,917]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="588">
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||
<typeStatus id="025127A4A03C1E38FF27FC62FED55398" box="[162,314,896,917]" pageId="11" pageNumber="588" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
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||
:
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</emphasis>
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Right lower molar described by
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<bibRefCitation id="B97BE4F7A03C1E38FD49FC63FF1853B8" author="Kaup JJ" pageId="11" pageNumber="588" refId="ref21478" refString="Kaup JJ. 1833 a. Description d'ossements fossiles de Mammiferes inconnus jusqu'a-present, qui se trouvent au Museum grand-ducal de Darmstadt. Second Cahier. Darmstadt: J. G. Heyer." type="book" year="1833">Kaup (1833a)</bibRefCitation>
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||
as an M
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||
<subScript id="416E9B43A03C1E38FEDBFC4AFE8953BB" attach="left" box="[350,358,936,950]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="588">3</subScript>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="BBFB01C3A03C1E38FEF0FC7DFE5D53B9" box="[373,434,927,948]" pageId="11" pageNumber="588">HLM</collectionCode>
|
||
unknown number)
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||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="DD559906A03C1E38FF27FC2CFD1B53EE" blockId="11.[162,778,896,995]" box="[162,756,973,995]" pageId="11" pageNumber="588">
|
||
<emphasis id="EF9E4514A03C1E38FF27FC2CFED653EF" box="[162,313,973,995]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="588">Type locality:</emphasis>
|
||
Eppelsheim (Rheinhessen,
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<collectingCountry id="A5FDD996A03C1E38FDFFFC2FFD0753EE" box="[634,744,973,995]" name="Germany" pageId="11" pageNumber="588">Germany</collectingCountry>
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||
).
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DD559906A03C1E38FF27FC19FF16543D" blockId="11.[162,778,1019,1072]" pageId="11" pageNumber="588">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AEAE285A03C1E38FF27FC19FDE7541C" authority=": Late Miocene (Vallesian)" box="[162,520,1019,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Age" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="588" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="EF9E4514A03C1E38FF27FC19FF3D541D" box="[162,210,1019,1040]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="588">Age:</emphasis>
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Late Miocene (Vallesian)
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</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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<taxonomicName id="1AEAE285A03C1E38FD99FC19FCE5541C" box="[540,778,1019,1041]" class="Mammalia" family="Deinotheriidae" genus="Deinotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="589" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sands">
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||
<emphasis id="EF9E4514A03C1E38FD99FC19FD56541D" box="[540,697,1019,1040]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="588">Deinotherium</emphasis>
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||
sands
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
(MN 9).
|
||
</paragraph>
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<caption id="8995C98EA03C1E38FCBFFBAFFBB55546" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5428285" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5428285" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5428285/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="588" startId="11.[826,904,1101,1120]" targetBox="[833,1438,195,1067]" targetPageId="11">
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||
<paragraph id="DD559906A03C1E38FCBFFBAFFBB55546" blockId="11.[826,1443,1101,1355]" pageId="11" pageNumber="588">
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||
<emphasis id="EF9E4514A03C1E38FCBFFBAFFC4D546D" bold="true" box="[826,930,1101,1120]" pageId="11" pageNumber="588">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AEAE285A03C1E38FC2BFBAFFB5B546D" authorityName=", CCECM Lgr" authorityYear="1065" box="[942,1204,1101,1120]" class="Mammalia" family="Chalicotheriidae" genus="Chalicotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="goldfussi">
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||
<emphasis id="EF9E4514A03C1E38FC2BFBAFFB5B546D" box="[942,1204,1101,1120]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="588">Chalicotherium goldfussi</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
. Specimen from Saint- Gaudens (Valentine Quarry). Symphysis MHNT VAL-4: A, right lateral view; B, frontal view, note the three alveoli per side for the incisors (right alveoli are indicated); C, dorsal view. Right hemimandible MHNT VAL-3 with M
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||
<subScript id="416E9B43A03C1E38FAF4FB29FA9654DA" attach="right" box="[1393,1401,1227,1239]" fontSize="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="588">1</subScript>
|
||
–M
|
||
<subScript id="416E9B43A03C1E38FA1FFB29FA4D54DA" attach="left" box="[1434,1442,1227,1239]" fontSize="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="588">3</subScript>
|
||
(same individual as MHNT VAL-4): D, labial view; E, occlusal view of the tooth row; F, distolabial view of M
|
||
<subScript id="416E9B43A03C1E38FA1FFAE4FA4D551F" attach="left" box="[1434,1442,1286,1298]" fontSize="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="588">3</subScript>
|
||
and M
|
||
<subScript id="416E9B43A03C1E38FC04FAC1FC665522" attach="left" box="[897,905,1315,1327]" fontSize="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="588">2</subScript>
|
||
illustrating the presence of the medial incisures (see text). Scale bars: 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="DD559906A03C1E38FF27FB99FE01549D" blockId="11.[162,779,1147,1905]" box="[162,494,1147,1168]" pageId="11" pageNumber="588">
|
||
<emphasis id="EF9E4514A03C1E38FF27FB99FE01549D" box="[162,494,1147,1168]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="588">Remains from Saint-Gaudens</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DD559906A03C1E38FF27FB78FE8E5697" blockId="11.[162,779,1147,1905]" pageId="11" pageNumber="588">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B97BE4F7A03C1E38FF27FB78FE7454BD" author="de Bonis L & Bouvrain G & Koufos G & Tassy P" box="[162,411,1178,1200]" pageId="11" pageNumber="588" pagination="135 - 176" refId="ref20657" refString="de Bonis L, Bouvrain G, Koufos G, Tassy P. 1995. Un crane de chalicothere (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) du Miocene superieur de Macedoine (Grece): remarques sur la phylogenie des Chalicotheriinae. Palaeovertebrata 24: 135 - 176." type="journal article" year="1995">
|
||
De Bonis
|
||
<emphasis id="EF9E4514A03C1E38FE91FB78FEAB54A2" box="[276,324,1178,1199]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="588">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1995)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described chalicothere remains from Saint-Gaudens (Haute-Garonne,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A5FDD996A03C1E38FDE7FB5BFD5D54C3" box="[610,690,1209,1230]" name="France" pageId="11" pageNumber="588">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
) in the MHNT collection: a left maxilla and a right M
|
||
<superScript id="2A9F344EA03C1E38FD37FB31FD5554EC" attach="right" box="[690,698,1235,1249]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="588">3</superScript>
|
||
. These remains come from the Valentine Quarry, which is attributed to the late Middle Miocene MN 8 biozone (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B97BE4F7A03C1E38FF2FFAD1FDDD5544" author="Antoine P-O & Duranthon F & Tassy P" box="[170,562,1331,1353]" pageId="11" pageNumber="588" pagination="581 - 590" refId="ref20400" refString="Antoine P-O, Duranthon F, Tassy P. 1997. L'apport des grands mammiferes (rhinocerotides, suoides, proboscidiens) a la connaissance des gisements du Miocene d'Aquitaine (France). In: Aguilar J-P, Legendre S, Michaux J, eds. Actes du Congres BiochroM ' 97, Vol. 21. Montpellier: Memoires et Travaux E. P. H. E, Institut de Montpellier, 581 - 590." type="book chapter" year="1997">Antoine, Duranthon & Tassy, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Since then, one of us (POA) found a right hemimandible and a complete symphysis in the MHNT Valentine collection, both undescribed. In fact, this chalicothere from Saint- Gaudens was mentioned (without description or illustration) by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B97BE4F7A03C1E38FEE5FA2EFDDD55EF" author="Harle E" box="[352,562,1484,1506]" pageId="11" pageNumber="588" pagination="377 - 383" refId="ref21311" refString="Harle E. 1898. Une machoire de dryopitheque. Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France 26: 377 - 383." type="journal article" year="1898">Harlé (1898: 382)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
consisting of two half-jaws (‘demi-mâchoires’). These remains correspond to the maxilla described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B97BE4F7A03C1E38FDA5F9E8FCE5562D" author="de Bonis L & Bouvrain G & Koufos G & Tassy P" box="[544,778,1546,1568]" pageId="11" pageNumber="588" pagination="135 - 176" refId="ref20657" refString="de Bonis L, Bouvrain G, Koufos G, Tassy P. 1995. Un crane de chalicothere (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) du Miocene superieur de Macedoine (Grece): remarques sur la phylogenie des Chalicotheriinae. Palaeovertebrata 24: 135 - 176." type="journal article" year="1995">
|
||
de Bonis
|
||
<emphasis id="EF9E4514A03C1E38FD03F9E8FD585612" box="[646,695,1546,1567]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="588">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1995)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and the hemimandible described herein. There is also an unnumbered M
|
||
<superScript id="2A9F344EA03C1E38FE05F9A1FE67565C" attach="right" box="[384,392,1603,1617]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="588">1</superScript>
|
||
. These
|
||
<specimenCount id="CBEC528FA03C1E38FE6DF9A5FD7E5650" box="[488,657,1607,1629]" pageId="11" pageNumber="588" type="generic">five specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
belong to the same individual although they bear different catalogue numbers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DD559906A03C1E38FF3EF941FABE55C9" blockId="11.[162,779,1147,1905]" lastBlockId="11.[826,1442,1423,1476]" pageId="11" pageNumber="588">
|
||
The maxilla and the M
|
||
<superScript id="2A9F344EA03C1E38FE47F97DFE2556A0" attach="left" box="[450,458,1695,1709]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="588">3</superScript>
|
||
are numbered MHNT VAL- 1 and MHNT VAL-2, respectively [both unnumbered when
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B97BE4F7A03C1E38FF7CF902FDCE56FB" author="de Bonis L & Bouvrain G & Koufos G & Tassy P" box="[249,545,1760,1782]" pageId="11" pageNumber="588" pagination="135 - 176" refId="ref20657" refString="de Bonis L, Bouvrain G, Koufos G, Tassy P. 1995. Un crane de chalicothere (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) du Miocene superieur de Macedoine (Grece): remarques sur la phylogenie des Chalicotheriinae. Palaeovertebrata 24: 135 - 176." type="journal article" year="1995">
|
||
de Bonis
|
||
<emphasis id="EF9E4514A03C1E38FE0DF903FE5756F8" box="[392,440,1760,1782]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="588">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1995)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described them], whereas the hemimandible and the symphysis are MHNT VAL-3 and MHNT VAL-4, respectively. Chalicothere remains from Saint-Gaudens are important because they can be confidently assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AEAE285A03C1E38FCBFFA72FC5155A9" authorityName=", CCECM Lgr" authorityYear="1065" box="[826,958,1423,1445]" class="Mammalia" family="Chalicotheriidae" genus="Chalicotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="goldfussi">
|
||
<emphasis id="EF9E4514A03C1E38FCBFFA72FC5155A9" box="[826,958,1423,1445]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="588">C. goldfussi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="EF9E4514A03C1E38FC56FA72FBFD55A8" box="[979,1042,1424,1445]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="588">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
this study) and include the first mandibular symphysis known for this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DD559906A03C1E38FCBFF9E8FB2D5612" blockId="11.[826,1442,1546,1905]" box="[826,1218,1546,1567]" pageId="11" pageNumber="588">
|
||
<emphasis id="EF9E4514A03C1E38FCBFF9E8FB2D5612" box="[826,1218,1546,1567]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="588">Right hemimandible MHNT VAL-3</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DD559906A03C1E3FFCBFF9CBFDFA51C2" blockId="11.[826,1442,1546,1905]" lastBlockId="12.[142,759,196,924]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="589" pageId="11" pageNumber="588">
|
||
The section anterior to the distal root of P
|
||
<subScript id="416E9B43A03C1E38FA9CF9D0FACE564D" attach="left" box="[1305,1313,1586,1600]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="588">4</subScript>
|
||
is missing, but the rest of the mandible is complete (
|
||
<figureCitation id="45D18583A03C1E38FA8BF9A5FA8B5650" box="[1294,1380,1607,1629]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[826,904,1101,1120]" captionTargetBox="[833,1438,195,1067]" captionTargetId="figure-618@11.[830,1439,194,1068]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Chalicotherium goldfussi. Specimen from Saint- Gaudens (Valentine Quarry). Symphysis MHNT VAL-4: A, right lateral view; B, frontal view, note the three alveoli per side for the incisors (right alveoli are indicated); C, dorsal view. Right hemimandible MHNT VAL-3 with M1–M3 (same individual as MHNT VAL-4): D, labial view; E, occlusal view of the tooth row; F, distolabial view of M3 and M2 illustrating the presence of the medial incisures (see text). Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5428285" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5428285/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="588">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The three molars are preserved. The corpus increases in height posteriorly. In transverse section, the inferior margin of the corpus is slightly swollen on its labial face. The ventral border of the corpus is straight and there is no ventral expansion of the angular area. There is a large retromolar space. The anterior border of the ramus is nearly perpendicular to the ventral border of the corpus. The ramus is elongated anteroposteriorly. The foramen mandibulare opens slightly ventral to the tooth row, beneath the coronoid process. The latter is flattened and curved posteriorly, and displays a strong mesiolabial crest. The area between the coronoid process and the condyle is more strongly concave in a vertical plane than in UT DKO 234, and is similar to the state in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AEAE285A03B1E3FFE15FEBCFD2F5179" authority="(Schizotheriinae)" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1877" baseAuthorityName="Schizotheriinae" box="[400,704,350,372]" class="Mammalia" family="Chalicotheriidae" genus="Moropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="12" pageNumber="589" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EF9E4514A03B1E3FFE15FEBCFE1C517E" box="[400,499,350,371]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="589">Moropus</emphasis>
|
||
(Schizotheriinae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The condyle is flat. Ventral and lingual to it, there is an oval articular surface for the postglenoid process. Just below, a small tubercle is present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DD559906A03B1E3FFF22FE3AFDA25391" blockId="12.[142,759,196,924]" pageId="12" pageNumber="589">
|
||
The molars (
|
||
<figureCitation id="45D18583A03B1E3FFEBDFE3AFE6451E3" box="[312,395,472,494]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[826,904,1101,1120]" captionTargetBox="[833,1438,195,1067]" captionTargetId="figure-618@11.[830,1439,194,1068]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Chalicotherium goldfussi. Specimen from Saint- Gaudens (Valentine Quarry). Symphysis MHNT VAL-4: A, right lateral view; B, frontal view, note the three alveoli per side for the incisors (right alveoli are indicated); C, dorsal view. Right hemimandible MHNT VAL-3 with M1–M3 (same individual as MHNT VAL-4): D, labial view; E, occlusal view of the tooth row; F, distolabial view of M3 and M2 illustrating the presence of the medial incisures (see text). Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5428285" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5428285/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="589">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
|
||
) bear a talonid longer than the trigonid. In occlusal view the former is V-shaped, whereas the latter is U-shaped. The paraconid is low, but well defined and underlined by the mesial cingulum. The ‘metastylid’ is strong and distinct from the metaconid: consequently, the hypolophid does not reach the metaconid summit, even on worn molars. The metacristid is strong. The cingulum is absent lingually and enlarged distally. There are well-developed vertical medial incisures on the distal walls of the metalophid and entolophid, and on the mesial wall of the hypolophid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="45D18583A03B1E3FFE9BFCC8FE9F534D" box="[286,368,810,832]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[826,904,1101,1120]" captionTargetBox="[833,1438,195,1067]" captionTargetId="figure-618@11.[830,1439,194,1068]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Chalicotherium goldfussi. Specimen from Saint- Gaudens (Valentine Quarry). Symphysis MHNT VAL-4: A, right lateral view; B, frontal view, note the three alveoli per side for the incisors (right alveoli are indicated); C, dorsal view. Right hemimandible MHNT VAL-3 with M1–M3 (same individual as MHNT VAL-4): D, labial view; E, occlusal view of the tooth row; F, distolabial view of M3 and M2 illustrating the presence of the medial incisures (see text). Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5428285" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5428285/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="589">Fig. 5F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Although these structures have not been described before, they can also be observed on remains from Sansan and on the specimen from La Grive Saint-Alban (CCECM Lgr 1065).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DD559906A03B1E3FFF0BFC03FE4853FB" blockId="12.[142,759,993,1905]" box="[142,423,993,1015]" pageId="12" pageNumber="589">
|
||
<emphasis id="EF9E4514A03B1E3FFF0BFC03FE4853FB" box="[142,423,993,1015]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="589">Symphysis MHNT VAL-4</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DD559906A03B1E3FFF0BFBE2FE945527" blockId="12.[142,759,993,1905]" pageId="12" pageNumber="589">
|
||
The complete symphysis MHNT VAL-4 includes the beginning of the two corpuses (
|
||
<figureCitation id="45D18583A03B1E3FFE68FBFDFDAE5438" box="[493,577,1055,1077]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[826,904,1101,1120]" captionTargetBox="[833,1438,195,1067]" captionTargetId="figure-618@11.[830,1439,194,1068]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Chalicotherium goldfussi. Specimen from Saint- Gaudens (Valentine Quarry). Symphysis MHNT VAL-4: A, right lateral view; B, frontal view, note the three alveoli per side for the incisors (right alveoli are indicated); C, dorsal view. Right hemimandible MHNT VAL-3 with M1–M3 (same individual as MHNT VAL-4): D, labial view; E, occlusal view of the tooth row; F, distolabial view of M3 and M2 illustrating the presence of the medial incisures (see text). Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5428285" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5428285/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="589">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Only the right canine is preserved, but other teeth are represented by their alveoli. There are three incisors on each side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="45D18583A03B1E3FFF13FB99FF06549C" box="[150,233,1147,1169]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[826,904,1101,1120]" captionTargetBox="[833,1438,195,1067]" captionTargetId="figure-618@11.[830,1439,194,1068]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Chalicotherium goldfussi. Specimen from Saint- Gaudens (Valentine Quarry). Symphysis MHNT VAL-4: A, right lateral view; B, frontal view, note the three alveoli per side for the incisors (right alveoli are indicated); C, dorsal view. Right hemimandible MHNT VAL-3 with M1–M3 (same individual as MHNT VAL-4): D, labial view; E, occlusal view of the tooth row; F, distolabial view of M3 and M2 illustrating the presence of the medial incisures (see text). Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5428285" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5428285/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="589">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Alveolus size increases from I
|
||
<subScript id="416E9B43A03B1E3FFDE8FB66FD9A549F" attach="left" box="[621,629,1156,1170]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="589">1</subScript>
|
||
to I
|
||
<subScript id="416E9B43A03B1E3FFD35FB66FD57549F" attach="right" box="[688,696,1156,1170]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="589">3</subScript>
|
||
. The canine is just behind the third incisor, and its lateral outline is triangular with a subvertical mesial face. There is a vertical crest running from the summit to the distolingual border of the tooth, which defines a large lingual groove.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DD559906A03B1E3FFF22FAD1FDE65612" blockId="12.[142,759,993,1905]" pageId="12" pageNumber="589">
|
||
In dorsal view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="45D18583A03B1E3FFED3FAD1FE475544" box="[342,424,1331,1353]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[826,904,1101,1120]" captionTargetBox="[833,1438,195,1067]" captionTargetId="figure-618@11.[830,1439,194,1068]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Chalicotherium goldfussi. Specimen from Saint- Gaudens (Valentine Quarry). Symphysis MHNT VAL-4: A, right lateral view; B, frontal view, note the three alveoli per side for the incisors (right alveoli are indicated); C, dorsal view. Right hemimandible MHNT VAL-3 with M1–M3 (same individual as MHNT VAL-4): D, labial view; E, occlusal view of the tooth row; F, distolabial view of M3 and M2 illustrating the presence of the medial incisures (see text). Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5428285" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5428285/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="589">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
|
||
) the incisor border is slightly convex anteriorly. Posterior to the canine, the symphysis constricts before broadening suddenly at the level of the corpuses. Unfortunately, there is no trace of the P
|
||
<subScript id="416E9B43A03B1E3FFF1BFA55FF4955C8" attach="left" box="[158,166,1463,1477]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="589">2</subScript>
|
||
alveolus, so it is impossible to determine the posterior extent of the symphysis. Yet, the diastema between the canine and P
|
||
<subScript id="416E9B43A03B1E3FFE3BFA16FE29560F" attach="left" box="[446,454,1524,1538]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="589">2</subScript>
|
||
was long. The dorsal surface of the symphysis is concave.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DD559906A03B1E3FFF22F9CBFF1A56B4" blockId="12.[142,759,993,1905]" pageId="12" pageNumber="589">
|
||
In lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="45D18583A03B1E3FFEF3F9CAFE255633" box="[374,458,1576,1598]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[826,904,1101,1120]" captionTargetBox="[833,1438,195,1067]" captionTargetId="figure-618@11.[830,1439,194,1068]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Chalicotherium goldfussi. Specimen from Saint- Gaudens (Valentine Quarry). Symphysis MHNT VAL-4: A, right lateral view; B, frontal view, note the three alveoli per side for the incisors (right alveoli are indicated); C, dorsal view. Right hemimandible MHNT VAL-3 with M1–M3 (same individual as MHNT VAL-4): D, labial view; E, occlusal view of the tooth row; F, distolabial view of M3 and M2 illustrating the presence of the medial incisures (see text). Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5428285" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5428285/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="589">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
), the symphysis is very slender anteriorly and reaches the minimum thickness necessary for incisor insertion. The foramen mentale opens just posterior to the symphysis constriction.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DD559906A03B1E3FFF22F920FE35577D" blockId="12.[142,759,993,1905]" pageId="12" pageNumber="589">
|
||
In frontal view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="45D18583A03B1E3FFED8F920FE4156D5" box="[349,430,1730,1752]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[826,904,1101,1120]" captionTargetBox="[833,1438,195,1067]" captionTargetId="figure-618@11.[830,1439,194,1068]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Chalicotherium goldfussi. Specimen from Saint- Gaudens (Valentine Quarry). Symphysis MHNT VAL-4: A, right lateral view; B, frontal view, note the three alveoli per side for the incisors (right alveoli are indicated); C, dorsal view. Right hemimandible MHNT VAL-3 with M1–M3 (same individual as MHNT VAL-4): D, labial view; E, occlusal view of the tooth row; F, distolabial view of M3 and M2 illustrating the presence of the medial incisures (see text). Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5428285" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5428285/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="589">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
) the arrangement of canines and incisors is arched ventrally. The canine is anterodorsally implanted. The incisor border forms a plateau and the incisors are implanted strictly forward (as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AEAE285A03B1E3FFF0BF8DFFF1E575F" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1877" box="[142,241,1853,1874]" class="Mammalia" family="Chalicotheriidae" genus="Moropus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="12" pageNumber="589" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EF9E4514A03B1E3FFF0BF8DFFF1E575F" box="[142,241,1853,1874]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="589">Moropus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The ventral face of the symphysis is smooth and no tuberosity is present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DD559906A03B1E3FFCA3FF26FB9650F5" blockId="12.[806,1422,196,1138]" pageId="12" pageNumber="589">
|
||
<emphasis id="EF9E4514A03B1E3FFCA3FF26FB9650F5" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="589">
|
||
Comparison with remains from the Late Miocene
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AEAE285A03B1E3FFCA3FF01FBE850F5" box="[806,1031,227,248]" class="Mammalia" family="Deinotheriidae" genus="Deinotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="589" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sands">Deinotherium sands</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A5FDD996A03B1E3FFB96FF01FB9650F5" box="[1043,1145,227,248]" name="Germany" pageId="12" pageNumber="589">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DD559906A03B1E3FFCA3FEE0FBAA5201" blockId="12.[806,1422,196,1138]" pageId="12" pageNumber="589">
|
||
Additional remains from Eppelsheim (
|
||
<typeStatus id="025127A4A03B1E3FFB64FEE0FAFC511A" box="[1249,1299,258,279]" pageId="12" pageNumber="589">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AEAE285A03B1E3FFCA3FEC3FC465138" authorityName=", CCECM Lgr" authorityYear="1065" box="[806,937,288,310]" class="Mammalia" family="Chalicotheriidae" genus="Chalicotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="12" pageNumber="589" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="goldfussi">
|
||
<emphasis id="EF9E4514A03B1E3FFCA3FEC3FC465138" box="[806,937,288,310]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="589">C. goldfussi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) include a right maxilla (HLM Din. 3168) with P
|
||
<superScript id="2A9F344EA03B1E3FFCFCFED9FC6E5144" attach="left" box="[889,897,315,329]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="589">2</superScript>
|
||
–M
|
||
<superScript id="2A9F344EA03B1E3FFC22FED9FC405144" attach="left" box="[935,943,315,329]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="589">3</superScript>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B97BE4F7A03B1E3FFC43FEDDFBBA5159" author="Zapfe H" box="[966,1109,319,341]" pageId="12" pageNumber="589" refId="ref22268" refString="Zapfe H. 1979. Chalicotherium grande (Blainv.) aus der miozanen Spaltenfullung von Neudorf an der March (Devinska Nova Ves), Tschechoslowakei. Neue Denk- Schriften, Wien: Verlag Ferdinand Berger & Sohne." type="book" year="1979">Zapfe, 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 7).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B97BE4F7A03B1E3FFB3EFEDDFABD5158" author="Zapfe H" box="[1211,1362,319,341]" pageId="12" pageNumber="589" pagination="117 - 126" refId="ref22308" refString="Zapfe H. 1989. Chalicotherium goldfussi Kaup aus dem Vallesien vom Howenegg im Hegau (Sudwestdeutschland). Andrias 6: 117 - 126." type="journal article" year="1989">Zapfe (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also reported the presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AEAE285A03B1E3FFBDAFEBCFB0D517E" authorityName=", CCECM Lgr" authorityYear="1065" box="[1119,1250,350,371]" class="Mammalia" family="Chalicotheriidae" genus="Chalicotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="12" pageNumber="589" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="goldfussi">
|
||
<emphasis id="EF9E4514A03B1E3FFBDAFEBCFB0D517E" box="[1119,1250,350,371]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="589">C. goldfussi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at Höwenegg (Hegau,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A5FDD996A03B1E3FFC1FFE9EFBE8519F" box="[922,1031,380,402]" name="Germany" pageId="12" pageNumber="589">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
), represented by a left M
|
||
<superScript id="2A9F344EA03B1E3FFA03FE9AFA61518B" attach="right" box="[1414,1422,376,390]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="589">2</superScript>
|
||
(LNK te pli 3) and by a right P
|
||
<subScript id="416E9B43A03B1E3FFBFAFE46FB6851BF" attach="left" box="[1151,1159,420,434]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="589">4</subScript>
|
||
(LNK te pli 2), M
|
||
<subScript id="416E9B43A03B1E3FFACAFE46FAB851BF" attach="right" box="[1359,1367,420,434]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="589">1</subScript>
|
||
, and M
|
||
<subScript id="416E9B43A03B1E3FFCB8FE21FCAA51DC" attach="left" box="[829,837,451,465]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="589">3</subScript>
|
||
(LNK te pli 1). Comparison between these remains and those from Saint-Gaudens supports assignment of the latter to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AEAE285A03B1E3FFC3FFE15FBD25201" authorityName=", CCECM Lgr" authorityYear="1065" box="[954,1085,503,524]" class="Mammalia" family="Chalicotheriidae" genus="Chalicotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="12" pageNumber="589" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="goldfussi">
|
||
<emphasis id="EF9E4514A03B1E3FFC3FFE15FBD25201" box="[954,1085,503,524]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="589">C. goldfussi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DD559906A03B1E3FFCBAFDF4FBBA547F" blockId="12.[806,1422,196,1138]" pageId="12" pageNumber="589">
|
||
A left mandible with M
|
||
<subScript id="416E9B43A03B1E3FFBEFFDFDFB9D5220" attach="right" box="[1130,1138,543,557]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="589">1</subScript>
|
||
–M
|
||
<subScript id="416E9B43A03B1E3FFB12FDFDFB705220" attach="left" box="[1175,1183,543,557]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="589">3</subScript>
|
||
found in the Late Miocene (MN 12–13) of Henndorf (HMS unknown number),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A5FDD996A03B1E3FFC1CFDB1FC1E5264" box="[921,1009,595,617]" name="Austria" pageId="12" pageNumber="589">Austria</collectingCountry>
|
||
, was also assigned to this species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B97BE4F7A03B1E3FFCA8FD90FBB2528A" author="Schaefer H & Zapfe H" box="[813,1117,626,648]" pageId="12" pageNumber="589" pagination="157 - 199" refId="ref22110" refString="Schaefer H, Zapfe H. 1971. Chalicotherium grande Blainv. und Chalicotherium goldfussi Kaup. Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel 81: 157 - 199." type="journal article" year="1971">Schaefer & Zapfe, 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 3a, b;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B97BE4F7A03B1E3FFB7DFD90FA65528A" author="Zapfe H" box="[1272,1418,626,648]" pageId="12" pageNumber="589" refId="ref22268" refString="Zapfe H. 1979. Chalicotherium grande (Blainv.) aus der miozanen Spaltenfullung von Neudorf an der March (Devinska Nova Ves), Tschechoslowakei. Neue Denk- Schriften, Wien: Verlag Ferdinand Berger & Sohne." type="book" year="1979">Zapfe, 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 40). However, several features, i.e. the absence of retromolar space, a symphysis extending posterior to the mesial part of P
|
||
<subScript id="416E9B43A03B1E3FFB86FD35FBE452E8" attach="left" box="[1027,1035,727,741]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="589">4</subScript>
|
||
, a short diastema, and a V-shaped trigonid on the molars, contradict this assignment. These characteristics correspond to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AEAE285A03B1E3FFA99FCE9FA69532D" authorityName="Lartet" authorityYear="1851" box="[1308,1414,779,800]" class="Bryopsida" genus="Anisodon" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="12" pageNumber="589" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EF9E4514A03B1E3FFA99FCE9FA69532D" box="[1308,1414,779,800]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="589">Anisodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The Henndorf mandible, assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AEAE285A03B1E3FFB4FFCC8FAA25332" authorityName=", CCECM Lgr" authorityYear="1065" box="[1226,1357,810,831]" class="Mammalia" family="Chalicotheriidae" genus="Chalicotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="12" pageNumber="589" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="goldfussi">
|
||
<emphasis id="EF9E4514A03B1E3FFB4FFCC8FAA25332" box="[1226,1357,810,831]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="589">C. goldfussi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
since its first description, is the specimen that prevented authors recognizing the existence of two different chalicotheriine lineages. The mandible from Titov Veles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B97BE4F7A03B1E3FFCF7FC46FB6953B7" author="Garevski R & Zapfe H" box="[882,1158,932,954]" pageId="12" pageNumber="589" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref21193" refString="Garevski R, Zapfe H. 1983. Weitere Chalicotheriiden-Funde aus der Pikermi Fauna von Titov Veles (Mazedonien, Jugoslawien). Acta Musei Macedonici Scientiarum Naturalium 17: 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1983">Garevski & Zapfe, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AEAE285A03B1E3FFAAAFC46FAEC53D4" authority="Xue & Coombs (1985)" authorityName="Xue & Coombs" authorityYear="1985" class="Mammalia" family="Chalicotheriidae" genus="Chalicotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="12" pageNumber="589" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wuduensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EF9E4514A03B1E3FFAAAFC46FBED53D5" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="589">Chalicotherium wuduensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B97BE4F7A03B1E3FFB8CFC21FAEC53D4" author="Xue XX & Coombs MC" box="[1033,1283,963,985]" pageId="12" pageNumber="589" pagination="336 - 344" refId="ref22235" refString="Xue XX, Coombs MC. 1985. A new species of Chalicotherium from the upper Miocene of Gansu Province, China. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 5: 336 - 344." type="journal article" year="1985">Xue & Coombs (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A5FDD996A03B1E3FFACDFC21FA6253D4" box="[1352,1421,963,985]" name="China" pageId="12" pageNumber="589">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
were referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AEAE285A03B1E3FFC6CFC00FB7453FA" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1833" box="[1001,1179,994,1015]" class="Mammalia" family="Chalicotheriidae" genus="Chalicotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="12" pageNumber="589" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EF9E4514A03B1E3FFC6CFC00FB7453FA" box="[1001,1179,994,1015]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="589">Chalicotherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because they resemble the mandible from Henndorf. Now, with the description of new remains of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AEAE285A03B1E3FFBFAFBFDFAEC5439" authorityName=", CCECM Lgr" authorityYear="1065" box="[1151,1283,1055,1076]" class="Mammalia" family="Chalicotheriidae" genus="Chalicotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="12" pageNumber="589" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="goldfussi">
|
||
<emphasis id="EF9E4514A03B1E3FFBFAFBFDFAEC5439" box="[1151,1283,1055,1076]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="589">C. goldfussi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Saint- Gaudens, we can confidently exclude the Henndorf mandible from this genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |