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<document id="773DF83F7618C28F0E21E008D020A642" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4168.1.9" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4168.1.9" ID-GBIF-Dataset="01f30f64-1ab3-4817-9612-cf23ebf67ed8" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="272385" ID-ZooBank="4FDF178C-14EA-4706-932B-F696371826D3" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1473836965492" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Last, Peter R. &amp; Bussarawit, Somchai" docDate="2016" docId="55398792EB63B64E6786FBE74CBAFEA6" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4168.1.9.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4168 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Sinobatis andamanensis Last &amp; Bussarawit, 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="170" masterDocId="A900FFEAEB62B6476711FFB04E61FFC2" masterDocTitle="A new legskate, Sinobatis andamanensis (Rajiformes: Anacanthobatidae), from the Andaman Sea (northeastern Indian Ocean)" masterLastPageNumber="170" masterPageNumber="161" pageNumber="162" updateTime="1698385624620" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="8CA3F1E4E6F0AAA0D0C29CFF20492569" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="D7A1F680C1FB4C5250BFAB1BE79AF745">
<mods:title id="94DDC0F22E1488505FEA3B7ECBCF1AE4">A new legskate, Sinobatis andamanensis (Rajiformes: Anacanthobatidae), from the Andaman Sea (northeastern Indian Ocean)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="FC0DA67AE1FDFF7A3CD6703920386EEF" type="personal">
<mods:role id="D2865D3F8E35501347634D62E2E20BFC">
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<mods:namePart id="8AD00E21BDE14AF0EB77B2B3D09C6C8A">Last, Peter R.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="49BDD1A42B2D023DC65457FCC23EB138" type="personal">
<mods:role id="D7D274829B4EE11A1C6932C2B5D48B66">
<mods:roleTerm id="18735298A7F663C181CF7157AC9D0394">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="A8638531C86D7507246B20064A8E50A9">Bussarawit, Somchai</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="210D6FB015895CE2DDFE081D4E2CA0D7">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="491627B9A85AF2B946B606397D37036C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="97CF63AF958FA12058BA2A42538AB244">
<mods:date id="368E52C3298E565A66C819337C4A754E">2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="D1F75CAF3396A8960C0BB65093EB3A29" type="volume">
<mods:number id="1C8C04BD4AE6F69E5C99088BF6317BA1">4168</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="FDA2FD06E4A57FE2E34FA13A285EF05B" type="issue">
<mods:number id="F268F2C6FDB72E5977277F08F92DE480">1</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="BB7378A191CB7DFFC02E8584FA7EDEBA">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="166268782BEE53A54FB79C76696F75D1" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4168.1.9</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3F03061B732E925CB556086A44B07019" type="GBIF-Dataset">01f30f64-1ab3-4817-9612-cf23ebf67ed8</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="15697D0DA2E408994B98AF9FFD68DEBA" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="373FDF5C8CF12CA44E0727FDD444323D" type="Zenodo-Dep">272385</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="77AC9DAF5917C944A281791CE1D3007D" type="ZooBank">4FDF178C-14EA-4706-932B-F696371826D3</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="55398792EB63B64E6786FBE74CBAFEA6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5670576" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124551615" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5670576" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:55398792EB63B64E6786FBE74CBAFEA6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/55398792EB63B64E6786FBE74CBAFEA6" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="170" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">
<subSubSection id="958A650FEB63B6466786FBE74F00FB51" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="DD2F3684EB63B6466786FBE74C40FBB0" blockId="1.[151,545,1111,1171]" box="[151,545,1111,1138]" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">
<heading id="866781E8EB63B6466786FBE74C40FBB0" bold="true" box="[151,545,1111,1138]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" reason="1">
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB63B6466786FBE74C40FBB0" bold="true" box="[151,545,1111,1138]" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">
<taxonomicName id="1A904D07EB63B6466786FBE74FDDFBB3" box="[151,444,1111,1137]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andamanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB63B6466786FBE74FDDFBB3" bold="true" box="[151,444,1111,1137]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">Sinobatis andamanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4D757EDEB63B64666D5FBE84C40FBB0" box="[452,545,1112,1138]" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD2F3684EB63B6466786FBCA4F00FB51" blockId="1.[151,545,1111,1171]" box="[151,353,1146,1171]" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">
<figureCitation id="45AB2A01EB63B6466786FBCA4F63FB51" box="[151,258,1146,1171]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStart-6="FIGURE 7" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1635,1657]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,250,1927,1949]" captionStartId-3="5.[151,250,1438,1460]" captionStartId-4="5.[151,250,1959,1981]" captionStartId-5="6.[151,250,1329,1351]" captionStartId-6="7.[151,250,1406,1428]" captionTargetBox-0="[162,1395,232,1580]" captionTargetBox-1="[166,1436,1035,1936]" captionTargetBox-2="[165,1422,211,1886]" captionTargetBox-3="[172,1422,193,1422]" captionTargetBox-4="[156,1425,1552,1929]" captionTargetBox-5="[150,1435,193,1306]" captionTargetBox-6="[213,1377,193,1379]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[151,1436,193,1613]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[150,1436,1021,1949]" captionTargetId-2="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1906]" captionTargetId-3="figure@5.[172,1422,193,1422]" captionTargetId-4="figure@5.[151,1436,1541,1938]" captionTargetId-5="figure@6.[150,1436,193,1308]" captionTargetId-6="figure@7.[197,1388,193,1388]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionTargetPageId-4="5" captionTargetPageId-5="6" captionTargetPageId-6="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Sinobatis andamanensis sp. nov., holotype, PMBC 19556, 379 mm TL, adult male (preserved): A, dorsal surface; B, ventral surface." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Sinobatis andamanensis sp. nov., paratype, PMBC 19553, 340 mm TL, early adolescent male (preserved): dorsal disc." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Oronasal region and tooth bands of Sinobatis andamanensis sp. nov.: A, holotype, PMBC 19556, 379 mm TL, adult male (preserved); B, paratype, PMBC 19553, 340 mm TL, early adolescent male (preserved)." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Sinobatis andamanensis sp. nov., holotype, PMBC 19556, 379 mm TL, adult male (preserved): ventral view of pelvic fins and claspers." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Mid-tail of Sinobatis andamanensis sp. nov., holotype, PMBC 19556, 379 mm TL, adult male (preserved): A, dorsal view; B, ventral view." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. Radiograph of the head of Sinobatis andamanensis sp. nov., holotype, PMBC 19556, 379 mm TL, adult male." captionText-6="FIGURE 7. Everted left clasper glans of Sinobatis andamanensis sp. nov., holotype, PMBC 19556, 379 mm TL, adult male (lateral view). Clasper components abbreviated as: cf—cleft, rh—rhipidion, sp—spike, and st—sentinel." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/272386/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/272387/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/272388/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/272389/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/272390/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/272391/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/272392/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">Figs. 1–7</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="9012033FEB63B646661FFBCA4F00FB51" box="[270,353,1146,1171]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox="[159,1372,234,1992]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric data for Sinobatis andamanensis sp. nov.: adult male holotype (PMBC 19556), female paratype (PMBC 19557), and ranges for the four male paratypes. Measurements expressed as percentages of total length." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/89EF660CEB6AB64F6786FF284BFDFF0D" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" tableUuid="89EF660CEB6AB64F6786FF284BFDFF0D">Table 1</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="958A650FEB63B6466786FB734B7AFAA9" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DD2F3684EB63B6466786FB734A0FFB3D" blockId="1.[151,1437,1218,2035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">
<materialsCitation id="6DF83CD9EB63B6466786FB734A0FFB3D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1308233840" collectingDate="1999-11-20" collectionCode="PMBC" elevation="513" latitude="8.0" location="Andaman Sea" longLatPrecision="1302" longitude="97.1" municipality="Chakratong Tongyai'" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" specimenCode="PMBC 27938" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Phuket" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB63B6466786FB734F6AFB19" bold="true" box="[151,267,1219,1243]" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">
<typeStatus id="022B8826EB63B6466786FB734F67FB19" box="[151,262,1219,1243]" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="8D369EFFEB63B6466602FB734FCEFB19" box="[275,431,1219,1243]" collectionCode="PMBC" country="Thailand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c3cw-qjai" name="Phuket Marine Biological Centre" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">
<collectionCode id="BB81AE41EB63B6466602FB734F00FB19" box="[275,353,1219,1243]" country="Thailand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c3cw-qjai" name="Phuket Marine Biological Centre" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">PMBC</collectionCode>
27938
</specimenCode>
(formerly 19478–5), adult male,
<quantity id="1A689B61EB63B646643BFB734DE9FB18" box="[810,904,1219,1243]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.79" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" unit="mm" value="379.0">379 mm</quantity>
TL (
<quantity id="1A689B61EB63B64664D3FB734A40FB18" box="[962,1057,1219,1243]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.93" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" unit="mm" value="193.0">193 mm</quantity>
DW), RV ‘
<collectingMunicipality id="3D4BACFEEB63B64663B1FB724BF9FB19" box="[1184,1432,1218,1243]" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">Chakratong Tongyai’</collectingMunicipality>
, stn G8, off
<collectingRegion id="1F54F866EB63B6466607FB564F06FB3D" box="[278,359,1254,1279]" country="Thailand" name="Phuket" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">Phuket</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="D84F605FEB63B6466663FB564C6FFB3D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:55398792EB63B64E6786FBE74CBAFEA6:D84F605FEB63B6466663FB564C6FFB3D" box="[370,526,1254,1279]" latitude="8.0" longLatPrecision="1302" longitude="97.1" municipality="Chakratong Tongyai'" name="Andaman Sea" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" stateProvince="Phuket">Andaman Sea</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="B8A45043EB63B646650FFB574C1AFB3C" box="[542,635,1255,1279]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" precision="925" value="8.0">8°00’ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="B8A45043EB63B6466597FB564C8CFB3D" box="[646,749,1254,1279]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" precision="925" value="97.1">97°06’ E</geoCoordinate>
),
<elevation id="56BDD1B7EB63B6466413FB564DE0FB3C" box="[770,897,1254,1279]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.13" metricValueMax="5.18" metricValueMin="5.08" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" unit="m" value="513.0" valueMax="518.0" valueMin="508.0">
<quantity id="1A689B61EB63B6466413FB564DE0FB3C" box="[770,897,1254,1279]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.13" metricValueMax="5.18" metricValueMin="5.08" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" unit="m" value="513.0" valueMax="518.0" valueMin="508.0">508–518 m</quantity>
</elevation>
depth,
<collectingDate id="B96AE9ACEB63B64664C5FB574A08FB3D" box="[980,1129,1255,1279]" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" value="1999-11-20">
<date id="A92E1044EB63B64664C5FB574A08FB3D" box="[980,1129,1255,1279]" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" value="1999-11-20">20 Nov 1999</date>
</collectingDate>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD2F3684EB63B64667D6FABB4B7AFAA9" blockId="1.[151,1437,1218,2035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB63B64667D6FABB4F27FAE1" bold="true" box="[199,326,1291,1315]" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">Paratypes.</emphasis>
5 specimens: PMBC 27939 (formerly 19478–1), adolescent male
<quantity id="1A689B61EB63B6466322FABB4AF0FAE0" box="[1075,1169,1291,1315]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.28" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" unit="mm" value="328.0">328 mm</quantity>
TL, CSIRO H 8041-01 (19478–2), adolescent male
<quantity id="1A689B61EB63B64666C5FA9F4C50FA84" box="[468,561,1327,1351]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" unit="mm" value="340.0">340 mm</quantity>
TL, PMBC 27940 (19478–3), adult male
<quantity id="1A689B61EB63B6466318FA9E4A07FA84" box="[1033,1126,1326,1351]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.51" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" unit="mm" value="351.0">351 mm</quantity>
TL, PMBC 27941 (19478– 4), juvenile male
<quantity id="1A689B61EB63B646664AFAE24FD9FAA8" box="[347,440,1362,1387]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.76" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" unit="mm" value="276.0">276 mm</quantity>
TL,
<materialsCitation id="6DF83CD9EB63B64666FEFAE34B79FAA9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1308233839" box="[495,1304,1362,1387]" collectingDate="1999-11-20" collectionCode="PMBC" elevation="513" latitude="8.0" location="Andaman Sea" longLatPrecision="1302" longitude="97.1" municipality="Chakratong Tongyai'" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" specimenCode="PMBC 27942" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Phuket">
<specimenCode id="8D369EFFEB63B64666FEFAE34CE8FAA9" box="[495,649,1363,1387]" collectionCode="PMBC" country="Thailand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c3cw-qjai" name="Phuket Marine Biological Centre" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">
<collectionCode id="BB81AE41EB63B64666FEFAE34C5CFAA9" box="[495,573,1363,1387]" country="Thailand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c3cw-qjai" name="Phuket Marine Biological Centre" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">PMBC</collectionCode>
27942
</specimenCode>
(19478–6), female
<quantity id="1A689B61EB63B6466477FAE34DA2FAA8" box="[870,963,1363,1387]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.29" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" unit="mm" value="429.0">429 mm</quantity>
TL, all same data as holotype
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="958A650FEB63B64667D6FAC64C55F96D" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="DD2F3684EB63B64667D6FAC64C55F96D" blockId="1.[151,1437,1218,2035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB63B64667D6FAC64F20FA4D" bold="true" box="[199,321,1398,1423]" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Small
<taxonomicName id="1A904D07EB63B6466689FAC64C61FA4C" box="[408,512,1398,1422]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB63B6466689FAC64C61FA4C" box="[408,512,1398,1422]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">Sinobatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with the following combination of characters: relatively narrow disc (width at anterior orbit 3.7–4.9 times mouth width); very long snout with slightly bulbous tip and a short, filament; moderately elongate tail (postcloacal length 127–157% of disc length); medium-sized eyes, orbit diameter
<quantity id="1A689B61EB63B646622BFA0E4ECCFA39" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1462999999999997" metricValueMax="2.6162" metricValueMin="1.6764" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" unit="in" value="8.45" valueMax="10.3" valueMin="6.6">6.6–10.3 in</quantity>
horizontal snout and
<quantity id="1A689B61EB63B64666AAFA534C20FA39" box="[443,577,1506,1531]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.667" metricValueMax="3.2512" metricValueMin="2.0827999999999998" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" unit="in" value="10.5" valueMax="12.8" valueMin="8.2">8.2–12.8 in</quantity>
head lengths respectively; distal portion of tail not expanded laterally; moderate-sized pelvic fins, anterior lobe 14.3–16.1% TL; anterior pelvic-fin lobe narrow-based, width 2.7–5.0 in distance between pelvic-fin origins; caudal fin long-based and very low;
<date id="A92E1044EB63B64664CFF99B4A45F981" box="[990,1060,1579,1603]" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" value="1929-03-02">2 3–29</date>
tooth rows in each jaw; teeth of adult males with short subconical cusps; pectoral-fin radials 66–72; abdominal vertebral centra 26, total centra to caudal fin origin ~125–131; dorsal and ventral surfaces both bluish when fresh, skin on dorsal surface darker and opaque, almost transparent ventrally.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="958A650FEB63B64167D6F90A4BEAF809" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="167" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" type="description">
<paragraph id="DD2F3684EB63B64667D6F90A4F75F831" blockId="1.[151,1437,1218,2035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB63B64667D6F90A4F38F911" bold="true" box="[199,345,1722,1747]" pageId="1" pageNumber="162">Description.</emphasis>
Disc extremely depressed, somewhat heart-shaped, strongly produced anteriorly; disc width of
<typeStatus id="022B8826EB63B6466786F96E4E98F935" box="[151,249,1758,1783]" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
1.18 (male
<typeStatus id="022B8826EB63B6466690F96F4F8DF935" box="[385,492,1759,1783]" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
1.08–1.17, female
<typeStatus id="022B8826EB63B64665D6F96F4D46F935" box="[711,807,1759,1783]" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
1.26) in its length from base of rostral filament, axis of maximum width at 58.6% (55.4–62.5%, 64.4%) disc length; lateral and inner margins broadly rounded. Tail moderately elongate, very slender and barely tapering anteriorly (almost uniform in largest female
<typeStatus id="022B8826EB63B646623BF8974BF1F8FD" box="[1322,1424,1831,1855]" pageId="1" pageNumber="162" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
); almost rounded in cross section at mid-length, then becoming noticeably depressed posteriorly; compressed and tapering to a point at tip; tail shorter than trunk, cloaca to tip of tail 1.23 (1.18–1.24, 1.46) in snout-cloaca (base of rostral filament), 1.16 (1.17–1.22, 1.25) in disc width, 1.36 (1.27–1.42, 1.57) in disc length; no lateral tail folds. Caudal fin small, very low, about equal to interspiracular width, upper lobe distinctly longer than lower lobe. No dorsal fins.
</paragraph>
<caption id="89EF660CEB60B6456786F9D34F30F955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272386/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" targetBox="[162,1395,232,1580]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="DD2F3684EB60B6456786F9D34F30F955" blockId="2.[151,1436,1635,1687]" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB60B6456786F9D34F72F9BA" bold="true" box="[151,275,1635,1657]" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1A904D07EB60B6456608F9D34C6EF9BA" box="[281,527,1635,1656]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andamanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB60B6456608F9D34C6EF9BA" box="[281,527,1635,1656]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">Sinobatis andamanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4D757EDEB60B6456504F9D34C07F9BA" box="[533,614,1635,1656]" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" rank="species">
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB60B6456504F9D34C07F9BA" bold="true" box="[533,614,1635,1656]" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, PMBC 19556, 379 mm TL, adult male (preserved): A, dorsal surface; B, ventral surface.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="DD2F3684EB60B64467D6F90E4CEAFE45" blockId="2.[151,1436,1726,2003]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,968]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="164" pageId="2" pageNumber="163">
Head long, dorsal length 29.0% (27.9–29.9%, 34.7%) TL, ventral length 36.9% (35.8–36.8%, 41.1%) TL. Snout very long, its preorbital length 7.54 (6.95–7.87, 9.32) times interorbital distance, 23.1% (22.3–22.9%, 27.8%) TL; snout angle forward of spiracles ~67° (64–71°); tip slightly bulbous with a short, filamentous protuberance (more obviously thickened in largest female
<typeStatus id="022B8826EB60B6456437F89B4DEDF881" box="[806,908,1835,1859]" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
). Orbits medium-sized, horizontal length about 7.81 (6.57–7.51, 10.28) in snout length, ~1.04 (0.84–1.04, 1.10) in interorbital distance. Spiracles small, mostly less than half length of orbits, subcircular to ovoid; combined orbit and spiracle length 4.70 (3.15–4.70%, 4.52%) TL. Mouth strongly convex in mature males, less so in female and adolescent male
<typeStatus id="022B8826EB60B645635CF8284ADDF872" box="[1101,1212,1944,1968]" pageId="2" pageNumber="163" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
; upper jaw strongly concave near symphysis; width 3.75 (3.48–4.54, 5.36) in preoral length, 5.58 (5.32–6.18, 6.95) in ventral head length. Teeth of adult males with slightly elevated subcircular crowns; single cusp on each crown of
<typeStatus id="022B8826EB61B6446222FF274BF9FF72" box="[1331,1432,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, short, broadly triangular; cusps typically shorter than diameter of crown, longest near symphysis, very short near corners of mouth; lingually directed near symphysis, directed almost laterally from about eight rows either side of symphysis; females and juveniles with oval crowns, each with a short posterior cusp. Nasal flaps small, lobe-like, weakly fringed, confined to anterior lateral margins of nostril; nasal curtain posterior margin with fine, mostly simple fleshy filaments, overlapping corners of mouth. Rostral cartilages compressed anteriorly, strongly curved (broken in
<typeStatus id="022B8826EB61B6446603FEDF4F19FE4A" box="[274,376,367,392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
), tapering to snout apex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD2F3684EB61B64467D6FE254DD6FD46" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">
Upper and lower surfaces of disc and tail entirely naked except for alar thorns in mature male;
<typeStatus id="022B8826EB61B64463FDFE244B2FFE6F" box="[1260,1358,404,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
with 3 rows (innermost row shortest) of delicate, strongly recurved, non-retractable alar thorns (16–17) on each pectoral fin; adult male
<typeStatus id="022B8826EB61B6446659FE6D4FC9FE37" box="[328,424,477,501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
with 4 rows of alar thorns (16–18) on each pectoral fin; alar thorn patches located well rearward of apices of disc; length of alar patches about equal to combined lengths of eye and spiracle, width about equal to orbit length; mucous pores around spiracle and eye indistinct, white-edged and typically arranged in two rows along disc midline; no fleshy papillae on dorsal surface; dorsal skin thin, flabby, semi-translucent, not especially deciduous, skin similar ventrally but much more transparent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD2F3684EB61B64467D6FD3F4F72FC0A" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">
Anterior margin of disc strongly concave, becoming more constricted about half way along snout, greatest width just behind spiracle (more posterior in largest female); interspiracular distance 5.26 (5.06–5.61, 6.58) in width at anterior margin of orbit; posterior pectoral-fin margins strongly convex, pectoral axil of
<typeStatus id="022B8826EB61B64463C8FD674B5AFD32" box="[1241,1339,727,752]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
fused to dorsolateral margin of posterior pelvic-fin lobe slightly posterior to insertion of anterior lobe; in females and juvenile male, junction more posterior, pectoral fin fused mid-laterally on posterior pelvic-fin lobe. Anterior lobes of pelvic fins rather slender, leg-like, well separated from posterior lobes. Posterior lobes narrowly rectangular in males, length 1.13 (1.11–1.74, 1.19) in anterior lobe length; their inner margins fused with tail slightly forward of the distal tip in
<typeStatus id="022B8826EB61B6446642FC3C4FD4FC67" box="[339,437,908,933]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(almost completely fused along entire length with base of tail in female and juvenile
<typeStatus id="022B8826EB61B6446786FC004F69FC0A" box="[151,264,944,968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="89EF660CEB61B6446786F8024EA6F825" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272387/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" targetBox="[166,1436,1035,1936]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="DD2F3684EB61B6446786F8024EA6F825" blockId="3.[151,1435,1970,2023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB61B6446786F8024F72F805" bold="true" box="[151,275,1970,1992]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1A904D07EB61B644660BF8034C71F80A" box="[282,528,1971,1992]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andamanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB61B644660BF8034C71F80A" box="[282,528,1971,1992]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">Sinobatis andamanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4D757EDEB61B6446507F8034C06F80A" box="[534,615,1971,1992]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164" rank="species">
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB61B6446507F8034C06F80A" bold="true" box="[534,615,1971,1992]" pageId="3" pageNumber="164">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, paratype, PMBC 19553, 340 mm TL, early adolescent male (preserved): dorsal disc.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="89EF660CEB66B6436786F8374AE2F87E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272388/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="165" targetBox="[165,1422,211,1886]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="DD2F3684EB66B6436786F8374AE2F87E" blockId="4.[151,1436,1927,1980]" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB66B6436786F8374F75F85E" bold="true" box="[151,276,1927,1949]" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Oronasal region and tooth bands of
<taxonomicName id="1A904D07EB66B6436582F8374DEBF85E" box="[659,906,1927,1948]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andamanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB66B6436582F8374DEBF85E" box="[659,906,1927,1948]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">Sinobatis andamanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4D757EDEB66B6436483F8374D84F85E" box="[914,997,1927,1948]" pageId="4" pageNumber="165" rank="species">
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB66B6436483F8374D84F85E" bold="true" box="[914,997,1927,1948]" pageId="4" pageNumber="165">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
: A, holotype, PMBC 19556, 379 mm TL, adult male (preserved); B, paratype, PMBC 19553, 340 mm TL, early adolescent male (preserved).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="89EF660CEB67B6426786FA2E4FEAFA11" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272389/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" targetBox="[172,1422,193,1422]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="DD2F3684EB67B6426786FA2E4FEAFA11" blockId="5.[151,1435,1438,1491]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB67B6426786FA2E4F75FA76" bold="true" box="[151,276,1438,1460]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1A904D07EB67B642660DFA2F4C72FA76" box="[284,531,1439,1460]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andamanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB67B642660DFA2F4C72FA76" box="[284,531,1439,1460]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">Sinobatis andamanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4D757EDEB67B642650AFA2F4C0CFA76" box="[539,621,1439,1460]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" rank="species">
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB67B642650AFA2F4C0CFA76" bold="true" box="[539,621,1439,1460]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, PMBC 19556, 379 mm TL, adult male (preserved): ventral view of pelvic fins and claspers.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="89EF660CEB67B6426786F8174FDBF81E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272390/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" targetBox="[156,1425,1552,1929]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="DD2F3684EB67B6426786F8174FDBF81E" blockId="5.[151,1436,1959,2012]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB67B6426786F8174F74F87F" bold="true" box="[151,277,1959,1981]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Mid-tail of
<taxonomicName id="1A904D07EB67B6426686F8184CEEF87F" box="[407,655,1960,1981]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andamanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB67B6426686F8184CEEF87F" box="[407,655,1960,1981]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">Sinobatis andamanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4D757EDEB67B6426586F8184C8BF87F" box="[663,746,1960,1981]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" rank="species">
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB67B6426586F8184C8BF87F" bold="true" box="[663,746,1960,1981]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, PMBC 19556, 379 mm TL, adult male (preserved): A, dorsal view; B, ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="89EF660CEB64B6416786FA814B17FA85" box="[151,1398,1329,1351]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272391/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="167" targetBox="[150,1435,193,1306]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="DD2F3684EB64B6416786FA814B17FA85" blockId="6.[151,1398,1329,1351]" box="[151,1398,1329,1351]" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB64B6416786FA814F73FA84" bold="true" box="[151,274,1329,1351]" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Radiograph of the head of
<taxonomicName id="1A904D07EB64B6416536FA814D7CFA84" box="[551,797,1329,1350]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="167" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andamanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB64B6416536FA814D7CFA84" box="[551,797,1329,1350]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">Sinobatis andamanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4D757EDEB64B6416432FA814D15FA84" box="[803,884,1329,1350]" pageId="6" pageNumber="167" rank="species">
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB64B6416432FA814D15FA84" bold="true" box="[803,884,1329,1350]" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, PMBC 19556, 379 mm TL, adult male.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="DD2F3684EB64B64167DFFAC34FC3F982" blockId="6.[151,1437,1395,1996]" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">
Claspers well developed (postcloacal length about ~15% TL when mature); broad initially, much thicker than base of tail, becoming more slender distally; glans about third length of clasper inner margin, everted in
<typeStatus id="022B8826EB64B6416223FA274BF6FA72" box="[1330,1431,1431,1456]" pageId="6" pageNumber="167" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
; rhipidion present; shield narrow laterally; sentinel simple, slender, very elongate with flattened slightly, its tip strongly recurved; spike simple, slender (shorter than sentinel) with long scythe-shaped tip; sentinel capable of strong anteromedial rotation (almost forming 180° angle with spike when clasper everted); internal clasper cartilages not dissected.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD2F3684EB64B64167D6F9FB4C24F912" blockId="6.[151,1437,1395,1996]" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">Teeth in upper jaw ~28 (23–28, n=2); in lower jaw ~25 (~24, n=2). Vertebrae (n=3): monospondylous centra 26 (26), diplospondylous centra ~105 (99–105), total centra ~131 (125–131). Pectoral fin: propterygial radials: 22 (24–26), mesopterygial radials 19 (18–19), metapterygial radials 25–27 (27), total radials 66–68 (69–72). Pelvic fin in males (n=3): 3 (3) + 11 (11) radials.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD2F3684EB64B64167D6F96B4A38F86A" blockId="6.[151,1437,1395,1996]" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB64B64167D6F96B4F41F936" bold="true" box="[199,288,1755,1780]" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">Colour.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB64B6416637F96C4FD3F931" box="[294,434,1756,1780]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">
Fresh
<typeStatus id="022B8826EB64B641667FF96C4FCAF931" box="[366,427,1756,1779]" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">types</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
Upper surface of disc uniformly dark blue; ventrally almost transparent pale bluish pink, darker around branchial region.
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB64B641651CF8B04C93F8DA" box="[525,754,1792,1816]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">
Preserved
<typeStatus id="022B8826EB64B6416599F8B04C8AF8DA" box="[648,747,1792,1816]" pageId="6" pageNumber="167" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
Upper surface of disc and anterior tail medium brownish; posterior disc margin slightly darker; whitish patches where skin removed; distinctly darker brown on free rear tips of disc and on margins of posterior pelvic-fins lobe; alar thorn patch and orbital membrane darker than disc; orbitospiracular pores dark edged; claspers and anterior lobe of pelvic fin whitish; eyes bluish black, visible beneath skin dorsally. Ventral surface of disc and tail uniformly bluish white, skin very translucent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD2F3684EB64B64167D6F8034BEAF809" blockId="6.[151,1437,1395,1996]" box="[199,1419,1971,1996]" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB64B64167D6F8034E9FF80E" bold="true" box="[199,254,1971,1996]" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">Size.</emphasis>
Attains at least
<quantity id="1A689B61EB64B64166A3F8044C6EF809" box="[434,527,1972,1996]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.29" pageId="6" pageNumber="167" unit="mm" value="429.0">429 mm</quantity>
TL; two males mature at
<quantity id="1A689B61EB64B6416421F8034DA4F809" box="[816,965,1971,1996]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.51379" pageId="6" pageNumber="167" unit="mm" value="351379.0">351, 379 mm</quantity>
TL, still adolescent at
<quantity id="1A689B61EB64B64163D4F8044B3BF809" box="[1221,1370,1972,1996]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3834" pageId="6" pageNumber="167" unit="mm" value="238340.0">238, 340 mm</quantity>
TL.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="89EF660CEB65B6406786FACE4ADBFA71" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272392/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="168" targetBox="[213,1377,193,1379]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="DD2F3684EB65B6406786FACE4ADBFA71" blockId="7.[151,1435,1406,1459]" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB65B6406786FACE4F75FA56" bold="true" box="[151,276,1406,1428]" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
Everted left clasper glans of
<taxonomicName id="1A904D07EB65B6406554FACF4D5DFA56" box="[581,828,1407,1428]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="168" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andamanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB65B6406554FACF4D5DFA56" box="[581,828,1407,1428]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">Sinobatis andamanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4D757EDEB65B6406455FACF4DF7FA56" box="[836,918,1407,1428]" pageId="7" pageNumber="168" rank="species">
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB65B6406455FACF4DF7FA56" bold="true" box="[836,918,1407,1428]" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, PMBC 19556, 379 mm TL, adult male (lateral view). Clasper components abbreviated as: cf—cleft, rh—rhipidion, sp—spike, and st—sentinel.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="958A650FEB65B64067D6FA6F4C05F983" pageId="7" pageNumber="168" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="DD2F3684EB65B64067D6FA6F4C05F983" blockId="7.[151,1437,1503,2033]" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB65B64067D6FA6F4F38FA3A" bold="true" box="[199,345,1503,1528]" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">Distribution</emphasis>
. Continental slope in the Andaman Sea off
<collectingRegion id="1F54F866EB65B6406472FA504DD0FA3B" box="[867,945,1504,1529]" country="Thailand" name="Phuket" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">Phuket</collectingRegion>
(western
<collectingCountry id="A5877614EB65B6406336FA504AEDFA3B" box="[1063,1164,1504,1529]" name="Thailand" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">Thailand</collectingCountry>
) at
<quantity id="1A689B61EB65B64063AFFA504B20FA3A" box="[1214,1345,1504,1529]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.13" metricValueMax="5.18" metricValueMin="5.08" pageId="7" pageNumber="168" unit="m" value="513.0" valueMax="518.0" valueMin="508.0">508–518 m</quantity>
depths. Probably more widely distributed in the eastern Indian Ocean, but likely to have remained undetected because of the limited sampling effort in this region.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="958A650FEB65B64067D6F9FC4FA2F94B" pageId="7" pageNumber="168" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="DD2F3684EB65B64067D6F9FC4FA2F94B" blockId="7.[151,1437,1503,2033]" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB65B64067D6F9FC4F2FF9A6" bold="true" box="[199,334,1612,1636]" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">Etymology.</emphasis>
Epithet based on regional locality of the
<typeStatus id="022B8826EB65B640642AF9FD4D0AF9A7" box="[827,875,1613,1637]" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">type</typeStatus>
series, the Andaman Sea. Suggested vernacular name: Andaman Legskate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="958A650FEB65B64E67D6F9244CBAFEA6" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="170" pageId="7" pageNumber="168" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="DD2F3684EB65B64067D6F9244F2CF833" blockId="7.[151,1437,1503,2033]" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB65B64067D6F9244F5AF96E" bold="true" box="[199,315,1684,1708]" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">Remarks.</emphasis>
A distinctive species of
<taxonomicName id="1A904D07EB65B6406544F9244CDCF96E" box="[597,701,1684,1708]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="168" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB65B6406544F9244CDCF96E" box="[597,701,1684,1708]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">Sinobatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the only legskate known from the northern Indian Ocean. It has an especially long and narrowly pointed snout with its preorbital length exceeding 23% TL (
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB65B64063F0F9094A9EF912" box="[1249,1279,1721,1744]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">vs.</emphasis>
typically less than 23% TL, but 28–29% TL in
<taxonomicName id="1A904D07EB65B6406521F96C4CAFF936" box="[560,718,1756,1780]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="168" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevicauda">
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB65B6406521F96C4CAFF936" box="[560,718,1756,1780]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">S. brevicauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Weigmann &amp; Stehmann, 2016) and 7–9.5 times interorbital distance (
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB65B6406615F8B14F7AF8DA" box="[260,283,1793,1816]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">vs</emphasis>
. up to 6.7 times in other
<taxonomicName id="1A904D07EB65B640652AF8B04CC2F8DA" box="[571,675,1792,1816]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="168" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB65B640652AF8B04CC2F8DA" box="[571,675,1792,1816]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">Sinobatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species). Within
<taxonomicName id="1A904D07EB65B6406478F8B04DB0F8DA" box="[873,977,1792,1816]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="168" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB65B6406478F8B04DB0F8DA" box="[873,977,1792,1816]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">Sinobatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it is somewhat similar to
<taxonomicName id="1A904D07EB65B64063EEF8B04B1FF8DA" box="[1279,1406,1792,1816]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="168" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caerulea">
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB65B64063EEF8B04B1FF8DA" box="[1279,1406,1792,1816]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">S. caerulea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a bluish dorsal and ventral coloration when fresh and a long ventral head (length 36–41% TL in
<taxonomicName id="1A904D07EB65B6406296F8944F56F8A2" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="168" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andamanensis">
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB65B6406296F8944F56F8A2" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">S. andamanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 38–42% TL in
<taxonomicName id="1A904D07EB65B640650DF8F84CFDF8A2" box="[540,668,1864,1888]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="168" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caerulea">
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB65B640650DF8F84CFDF8A2" box="[540,668,1864,1888]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">S. caerulea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). However,
<taxonomicName id="1A904D07EB65B6406439F8F84D84F8A2" box="[808,997,1864,1888]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="168" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andamanensis">
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB65B6406439F8F84D84F8A2" box="[808,997,1864,1888]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">S. andamanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears to be a much smaller legskate (males mature at 186 and
<quantity id="1A689B61EB65B64066A6F8DC4C72F846" box="[439,531,1900,1924]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.93" pageId="7" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="193.0">193 mm</quantity>
DW
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB65B640655FF8DD4C04F846" box="[590,613,1901,1924]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">vs</emphasis>
. males still immature at
<quantity id="1A689B61EB65B6406468F8DC4DB4F846" box="[889,981,1900,1925]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" pageId="7" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="540.0">540 mm</quantity>
DW in
<taxonomicName id="1A904D07EB65B640633CF8DC4ACBF846" box="[1069,1194,1900,1924]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="168" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caerulea">
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB65B640633CF8DC4ACBF846" box="[1069,1194,1900,1924]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">S. caerulea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the disc is narrower (width 50–56%
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB65B640665DF8214F0AF86A" box="[332,363,1937,1960]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">vs.</emphasis>
57–63% TL), the interspiracular distance narrower (width 4.4–5.6%
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB65B6406366F8214AF7F86A" box="[1143,1174,1937,1960]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">vs.</emphasis>
5.8–6.6% TL), and the anterior pelvic-fin base is less broad (width between fin bases 2.7–5
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB65B64064B3F8054DA1F80E" box="[930,960,1973,1996]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">vs.</emphasis>
1.7–2.2 times width of anterior pelvic-fin lobe at its base).
</paragraph>
<caption id="89EF660CEB6AB64F6786FF284BFDFF0D" ID-Table-UUID="89EF660CEB6AB64F6786FF284BFDFF0D" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/89EF660CEB6AB64F6786FF284BFDFF0D" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" targetBox="[159,1372,234,1992]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="DD2F3684EB6AB64F6786FF284BFDFF0D" blockId="8.[151,1436,152,207]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB6AB64F6786FF284F6EFF6D" bold="true" box="[151,271,152,175]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Morphometric data for
<taxonomicName id="1A904D07EB6AB64F6521FF284D54FF6D" box="[560,821,152,175]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andamanensis" status="sp. nov.">Sinobatis andamanensis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F4D757EDEB6AB64F6450FF284DFCFF6D" box="[833,925,152,175]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
: adult male holotype (PMBC 19556), female paratype (PMBC 19557), and ranges for the four male paratypes. Measurements expressed as percentages of total length.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="DD2F3684EB6AB64F658CFF5A4AA6F80A" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
<table id="AF90C424EB6A49B8678EFF5A4B3DF80A" box="[159,1372,234,1992]" gridcols="4" gridrows="43" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
<tr id="63A034C6EB6A49B8678EFF5A4B3DFEC2" box="[159,1372,234,256]" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="20715DBAEB6A49B8658CFF5A4C9AFEC2" box="[669,763,234,256]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Holotype</th>
<th id="20715DBAEB6A49B86449FF5A4A77FEC2" box="[856,1046,234,256]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Paratypes (male)</th>
<th id="20715DBAEB6A49B863B6FF5A4B3DFEC2" box="[1191,1372,234,256]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Paratype (female)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="63A034C6EB6A49B8678EFEA44B3DFEE8" box="[159,1372,276,298]" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1">
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B86449FEA44A77FEE8" box="[856,1046,276,298]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Range (n=4)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="63A034C6EB6A49B8678EFE8D4B3DFE91" box="[159,1372,317,339]" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
<th id="20715DBAEB6A49B8678EFE8D4C27FE91" box="[159,582,317,339]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Total length (mm)</th>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B8658CFE8D4C9AFE91" box="[669,763,317,339]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">379.0</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B86449FE8D4A77FE91" box="[856,1046,317,339]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">276.0 351.0</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B863B6FE8D4B3DFE91" box="[1191,1372,317,339]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">429.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="63A034C6EB6A49B8678EFED64B3DFEBE" box="[159,1372,358,380]" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
<th id="20715DBAEB6A49B8678EFED64C27FEBE" box="[159,582,358,380]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Disc width</th>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B8658CFED64C9AFEBE" box="[669,763,358,380]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">50.9</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B86449FED64A77FEBE" box="[856,1046,358,380]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">52.9 55.5</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B863B6FED64B3DFEBE" box="[1191,1372,358,380]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">49.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="63A034C6EB6A49B8678EFE204B3DFE64" box="[159,1372,400,422]" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
<th id="20715DBAEB6A49B8678EFE204C27FE64" box="[159,582,400,422]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Disc length</th>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B8658CFE204C9AFE64" box="[669,763,400,422]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">59.9</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B86449FE204A77FE64" box="[856,1046,400,422]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">57.2 61.8</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B863B6FE204B3DFE64" box="[1191,1372,400,422]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">63.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="63A034C6EB6A49B8678EFE094B3DFE0D" box="[159,1372,441,463]" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
<th id="20715DBAEB6A49B8678EFE094C27FE0D" box="[159,582,441,463]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Distance snout to pectoral-fin insertion</th>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B8658CFE094C9AFE0D" box="[669,763,441,463]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">41.2</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B86449FE094A77FE0D" box="[856,1046,441,463]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">41.9 45.0</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B863B6FE094B3DFE0D" box="[1191,1372,441,463]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">47.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="63A034C6EB6A49B8678EFE524B3DFE3A" box="[159,1372,482,504]" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
<th id="20715DBAEB6A49B8678EFE524C27FE3A" box="[159,582,482,504]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Distance snout to axis of maximum width</th>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B8658CFE524C9AFE3A" box="[669,763,482,504]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">35.1</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B86449FE524A77FE3A" box="[856,1046,482,504]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">34.2 36.6</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B863B6FE524B3DFE3A" box="[1191,1372,482,504]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">40.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="63A034C6EB6A49B8678EFDBC4B3DFDE0" box="[159,1372,524,546]" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
<th id="20715DBAEB6A49B8678EFDBC4C27FDE0" box="[159,582,524,546]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Disc width at anterior margin of orbits</th>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B8658CFDBC4C9AFDE0" box="[669,763,524,546]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">26.0</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B86449FDBC4A77FDE0" box="[856,1046,524,546]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">25.5 28.3</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B863B6FDBC4B3DFDE0" box="[1191,1372,524,546]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">29.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="63A034C6EB6A49B8678EFD854B3DFD89" box="[159,1372,565,587]" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
<th id="20715DBAEB6A49B8678EFD854C27FD89" box="[159,582,565,587]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Snout length (preorbital direct)</th>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B8658CFD854C9AFD89" box="[669,763,565,587]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">23.5</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B86449FD854A77FD89" box="[856,1046,565,587]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">22.6 23.3</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B863B6FD854B3DFD89" box="[1191,1372,565,587]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">28.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="63A034C6EB6A49B8678EFDEE4B3DFDB6" box="[159,1372,606,628]" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
<th id="20715DBAEB6A49B8678EFDEE4C27FDB6" box="[159,582,606,628]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Snout length (preorbital horizontal)</th>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B8658CFDEE4C9AFDB6" box="[669,763,606,628]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">23.1</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B86449FDEE4A77FDB6" box="[856,1046,606,628]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">22.3 22.9</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B863B6FDEE4B3DFDB6" box="[1191,1372,606,628]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">27.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="63A034C6EB6A49B8678EFD384B3DFD5C" box="[159,1372,648,670]" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
<th id="20715DBAEB6A49B8678EFD384C27FD5C" box="[159,582,648,670]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Prespiracular length</th>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B8658CFD384C9AFD5C" box="[669,763,648,670]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">26.2</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B86449FD384A77FD5C" box="[856,1046,648,670]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">26.7 27.3</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B863B6FD384B3DFD5C" box="[1191,1372,648,670]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">31.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="63A034C6EB6A49B8678EFD014B3DFD05" box="[159,1372,689,711]" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
<th id="20715DBAEB6A49B8678EFD014C27FD05" box="[159,582,689,711]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Head length (dorsal)</th>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B8658CFD014C9AFD05" box="[669,763,689,711]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">29.0</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B86449FD014A77FD05" box="[856,1046,689,711]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">27.9 29.9</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B863B6FD014B3DFD05" box="[1191,1372,689,711]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">34.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="63A034C6EB6A49B8678EFD6A4B3DFD32" box="[159,1372,730,752]" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
<th id="20715DBAEB6A49B8678EFD6A4C27FD32" box="[159,582,730,752]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Orbit diameter</th>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B8658CFD6A4C9AFD32" box="[669,763,730,752]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">3.0</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B86449FD6A4A77FD32" box="[856,1046,730,752]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">3.0 3.4</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B863B6FD6A4B3DFD32" box="[1191,1372,730,752]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">2.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="63A034C6EB6A49B8678EFCB44B3DFCD8" box="[159,1372,772,794]" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
<th id="20715DBAEB6A49B8678EFCB44C27FCD8" box="[159,582,772,794]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Orbit and spiracle length</th>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B8658CFCB44C9AFCD8" box="[669,763,772,794]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">4.7</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B86449FCB44A77FCD8" box="[856,1046,772,794]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">3.2 4.7</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B863B6FCB44B3DFCD8" box="[1191,1372,772,794]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">4.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="63A034C6EB6A49B8678EFC9D4B3DFC81" box="[159,1372,813,835]" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
<th id="20715DBAEB6A49B8678EFC9D4C27FC81" box="[159,582,813,835]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Spiracle length</th>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B8658CFC9D4C9AFC81" box="[669,763,813,835]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">1.2</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B86449FC9D4A77FC81" box="[856,1046,813,835]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">1.3 1.7</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B863B6FC9D4B3DFC81" box="[1191,1372,813,835]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">1.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="63A034C6EB6A49B8678EFCE64B3DFCAE" box="[159,1372,854,876]" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
<th id="20715DBAEB6A49B8678EFCE64C27FCAE" box="[159,582,854,876]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Distance between orbits</th>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B8658CFCE64C9AFCAE" box="[669,763,854,876]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">3.1</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B86449FCE64A77FCAE" box="[856,1046,854,876]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">2.9 3.3</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B863B6FCE64B3DFCAE" box="[1191,1372,854,876]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">3.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="63A034C6EB6A49B8678EFC304B3DFC54" box="[159,1372,896,918]" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
<th id="20715DBAEB6A49B8678EFC304C27FC54" box="[159,582,896,918]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Distance between spiracles</th>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B8658CFC304C9AFC54" box="[669,763,896,918]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">4.9</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B86449FC304A77FC54" box="[856,1046,896,918]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">4.9 5.6</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B863B6FC304B3DFC54" box="[1191,1372,896,918]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">4.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="63A034C6EB6A49B8678EFC194B3DFC7D" box="[159,1372,937,959]" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
<th id="20715DBAEB6A49B8678EFC194C27FC7D" box="[159,582,937,959]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Distance snout to cloaca</th>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B8658CFC194C9AFC7D" box="[669,763,937,959]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">54.1</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B86449FC194A77FC7D" box="[856,1046,937,959]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">52.1 54.7</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B863B6FC194B3DFC7D" box="[1191,1372,937,959]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">58.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="63A034C6EB6A49B8678EFC624B3DFC2A" box="[159,1372,978,1000]" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
<th id="20715DBAEB6A49B8678EFC624C27FC2A" box="[159,582,978,1000]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Distance cloaca to caudal fin tip</th>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B8658CFC624C9AFC2A" box="[669,763,978,1000]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">44.1</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B86449FC624A77FC2A" box="[856,1046,978,1000]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">43.6 45.9</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B863B6FC624B3DFC2A" box="[1191,1372,978,1000]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">40.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="63A034C6EB6A49B8678EFC4C4B3DFBD0" box="[159,1372,1020,1042]" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
<th id="20715DBAEB6A49B8678EFC4C4C27FBD0" box="[159,582,1020,1042]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Preoral length</th>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B8658CFC4C4C9AFBD0" box="[669,763,1020,1042]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">24.8</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B86449FC4C4A77FBD0" box="[856,1046,1020,1042]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">23.9 26.3</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B863B6FC4C4B3DFBD0" box="[1191,1372,1020,1042]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">31.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="63A034C6EB6A49B8678EFB954B3DFBF9" box="[159,1372,1061,1083]" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
<th id="20715DBAEB6A49B8678EFB954C27FBF9" box="[159,582,1061,1083]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Prenasal length</th>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B8658CFB954C9AFBF9" box="[669,763,1061,1083]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">22.5</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B86449FB954A77FBF9" box="[856,1046,1061,1083]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">21.5 23.2</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B863B6FB954B3DFBF9" box="[1191,1372,1061,1083]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">28.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="63A034C6EB6A49B8678EFBFE4B3DFBA6" box="[159,1372,1102,1124]" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
<th id="20715DBAEB6A49B8678EFBFE4C27FBA6" box="[159,582,1102,1124]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Head length (ventral)</th>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B8658CFBFE4C9AFBA6" box="[669,763,1102,1124]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">36.9</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B86449FBFE4A77FBA6" box="[856,1046,1102,1124]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">35.8 36.8</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B863B6FBFE4B3DFBA6" box="[1191,1372,1102,1124]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">41.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="63A034C6EB6A49B8678EFBC84B3DFB4C" box="[159,1372,1144,1166]" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
<th id="20715DBAEB6A49B8678EFBC84C27FB4C" box="[159,582,1144,1166]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Mouth width</th>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B8658CFBC84C9AFB4C" box="[669,763,1144,1166]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">6.6</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B86449FBC84A77FB4C" box="[856,1046,1144,1166]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">5.8 6.9</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B863B6FBC84B3DFB4C" box="[1191,1372,1144,1166]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">5.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="63A034C6EB6A49B8678EFB114B3DFB75" box="[159,1372,1185,1207]" gridrow="23" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
<th id="20715DBAEB6A49B8678EFB114C27FB75" box="[159,582,1185,1207]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Distance between nostrils</th>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B8658CFB114C9AFB75" box="[669,763,1185,1207]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">5.4</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B86449FB114A77FB75" box="[856,1046,1185,1207]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">4.7 5.0</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B863B6FB114B3DFB75" box="[1191,1372,1185,1207]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">4.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="63A034C6EB6A49B8678EFB7A4B3DFB22" box="[159,1372,1226,1248]" gridrow="24" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
<th id="20715DBAEB6A49B8678EFB7A4C27FB22" box="[159,582,1226,1248]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Distance nare to mouth</th>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B8658CFB7A4C9AFB22" box="[669,763,1226,1248]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">3.0</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B86449FB7A4A77FB22" box="[856,1046,1226,1248]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">3.0 3.1</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B863B6FB7A4B3DFB22" box="[1191,1372,1226,1248]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">2.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="63A034C6EB6A49B8678EFB444B3DFAC8" box="[159,1372,1268,1290]" gridrow="25" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
<th id="20715DBAEB6A49B8678EFB444C27FAC8" box="[159,582,1268,1290]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Nasal curtain length</th>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B8658CFB444C9AFAC8" box="[669,763,1268,1290]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">3.4</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B86449FB444A77FAC8" box="[856,1046,1268,1290]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">2.8 3.6</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B863B6FB444B3DFAC8" box="[1191,1372,1268,1290]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">2.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="63A034C6EB6A49B8678EFAAD4B3DFAF1" box="[159,1372,1309,1331]" gridrow="26" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
<th id="20715DBAEB6A49B8678EFAAD4C27FAF1" box="[159,582,1309,1331]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Nasal curtain total width</th>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B8658CFAAD4C9AFAF1" box="[669,763,1309,1331]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">7.3</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B86449FAAD4A77FAF1" box="[856,1046,1309,1331]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">5.9 7.4</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B863B6FAAD4B3DFAF1" box="[1191,1372,1309,1331]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">6.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="63A034C6EB6A49B8678EFAF64B3DFA9E" box="[159,1372,1350,1372]" gridrow="27" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
<th id="20715DBAEB6A49B8678EFAF64C27FA9E" box="[159,582,1350,1372]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Nasal curtain lobe width</th>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B8658CFAF64C9AFA9E" box="[669,763,1350,1372]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">1.7</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B86449FAF64A77FA9E" box="[856,1046,1350,1372]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">1.7 1.8</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B863B6FAF64B3DFA9E" box="[1191,1372,1350,1372]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">1.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="63A034C6EB6A49B8678EFAC04B3DFA44" box="[159,1372,1392,1414]" gridrow="28" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
<th id="20715DBAEB6A49B8678EFAC04C27FA44" box="[159,582,1392,1414]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Width first gill opening</th>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B8658CFAC04C9AFA44" box="[669,763,1392,1414]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">1.3</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B86449FAC04A77FA44" box="[856,1046,1392,1414]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">1.3 1.6</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B863B6FAC04B3DFA44" box="[1191,1372,1392,1414]" gridcol="3" gridrow="28" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">1.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="63A034C6EB6A49B8678EFA294B3DFA6D" box="[159,1372,1433,1455]" gridrow="29" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
<th id="20715DBAEB6A49B8678EFA294C27FA6D" box="[159,582,1433,1455]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Width third gill opening</th>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B8658CFA294C9AFA6D" box="[669,763,1433,1455]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">1.4</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B86449FA294A77FA6D" box="[856,1046,1433,1455]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">1.2 1.5</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B863B6FA294B3DFA6D" box="[1191,1372,1433,1455]" gridcol="3" gridrow="29" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">1.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="63A034C6EB6A49B8678EFA724B3DFA1A" box="[159,1372,1474,1496]" gridrow="30" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
<th id="20715DBAEB6A49B8678EFA724C27FA1A" box="[159,582,1474,1496]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Width fifth gill opening</th>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B8658CFA724C9AFA1A" box="[669,763,1474,1496]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">0.9</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B86449FA724A77FA1A" box="[856,1046,1474,1496]" gridcol="2" gridrow="30" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">0.9 1.1</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B863B6FA724B3DFA1A" box="[1191,1372,1474,1496]" gridcol="3" gridrow="30" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">0.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="63A034C6EB6A49B8678EFA5C4B3DF9C0" box="[159,1372,1516,1538]" gridrow="31" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
<th id="20715DBAEB6A49B8678EFA5C4C27F9C0" box="[159,582,1516,1538]" gridcol="0" gridrow="31" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Distance between first gill openings</th>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B8658CFA5C4C9AF9C0" box="[669,763,1516,1538]" gridcol="1" gridrow="31" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">12.7</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B86449FA5C4A77F9C0" box="[856,1046,1516,1538]" gridcol="2" gridrow="31" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">11.8 12.6</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B863B6FA5C4B3DF9C0" box="[1191,1372,1516,1538]" gridcol="3" gridrow="31" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">12.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="63A034C6EB6A49B8678EF9A54B3DF9E9" box="[159,1372,1557,1579]" gridrow="32" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
<th id="20715DBAEB6A49B8678EF9A54C27F9E9" box="[159,582,1557,1579]" gridcol="0" gridrow="32" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Distance between fifth gill openings</th>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B8658CF9A54C9AF9E9" box="[669,763,1557,1579]" gridcol="1" gridrow="32" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">6.0</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B86449F9A54A77F9E9" box="[856,1046,1557,1579]" gridcol="2" gridrow="32" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">6.2 6.8</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B863B6F9A54B3DF9E9" box="[1191,1372,1557,1579]" gridcol="3" gridrow="32" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">7.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="63A034C6EB6A49B8678EF98E4B3DF996" box="[159,1372,1598,1620]" gridrow="33" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
<th id="20715DBAEB6A49B8678EF98E4C27F996" box="[159,582,1598,1620]" gridcol="0" gridrow="33" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Clasper length (post cloaca)</th>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B8658CF98E4C9AF996" box="[669,763,1598,1620]" gridcol="1" gridrow="33" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">14.9</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B86449F98E4A77F996" box="[856,1046,1598,1620]" gridcol="2" gridrow="33" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">7.0 14.5</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B863B6F98E4B3DF996" box="[1191,1372,1598,1620]" gridcol="3" gridrow="33" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">0.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="63A034C6EB6A49B8678EF9D84B3DF9BC" box="[159,1372,1640,1662]" gridrow="34" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
<th id="20715DBAEB6A49B8678EF9D84C27F9BC" box="[159,582,1640,1662]" gridcol="0" gridrow="34" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Length anterior pelvic-fin lobe</th>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B8658CF9D84C9AF9BC" box="[669,763,1640,1662]" gridcol="1" gridrow="34" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">15.6</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B86449F9D84A77F9BC" box="[856,1046,1640,1662]" gridcol="2" gridrow="34" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">15.1 16.1</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B863B6F9D84B3DF9BC" box="[1191,1372,1640,1662]" gridcol="3" gridrow="34" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">14.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="63A034C6EB6A49B8678EF9214B3DF965" box="[159,1372,1681,1703]" gridrow="35" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
<th id="20715DBAEB6A49B8678EF9214C27F965" box="[159,582,1681,1703]" gridcol="0" gridrow="35" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Length posterior pelvic-fin lobe</th>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B8658CF9214C9AF965" box="[669,763,1681,1703]" gridcol="1" gridrow="35" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">13.9</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B86449F9214A77F965" box="[856,1046,1681,1703]" gridcol="2" gridrow="35" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">9.2 13.6</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B863B6F9214B3DF965" box="[1191,1372,1681,1703]" gridcol="3" gridrow="35" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">12.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="63A034C6EB6A49B8678EF90A4B3DF912" box="[159,1372,1722,1744]" gridrow="36" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
<th id="20715DBAEB6A49B8678EF90A4C27F912" box="[159,582,1722,1744]" gridcol="0" gridrow="36" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Pelvic-fin base width</th>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B8658CF90A4C9AF912" box="[669,763,1722,1744]" gridcol="1" gridrow="36" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">5.5</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B86449F90A4A77F912" box="[856,1046,1722,1744]" gridcol="2" gridrow="36" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">5.1 6.6</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B863B6F90A4B3DF912" box="[1191,1372,1722,1744]" gridcol="3" gridrow="36" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">6.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="63A034C6EB6A49B8678EF9544B3DF938" box="[159,1372,1764,1786]" gridrow="37" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
<th id="20715DBAEB6A49B8678EF9544C27F938" box="[159,582,1764,1786]" gridcol="0" gridrow="37" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Width anterior pelvic-fin lobe</th>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B8658CF9544C9AF938" box="[669,763,1764,1786]" gridcol="1" gridrow="37" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">1.9</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B86449F9544A77F938" box="[856,1046,1764,1786]" gridcol="2" gridrow="37" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">1.3 1.9</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B863B6F9544B3DF938" box="[1191,1372,1764,1786]" gridcol="3" gridrow="37" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">1.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="63A034C6EB6A49B8678EF8BD4B3DF8E1" box="[159,1372,1805,1827]" gridrow="38" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
<th id="20715DBAEB6A49B8678EF8BD4C27F8E1" box="[159,582,1805,1827]" gridcol="0" gridrow="38" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Tail width (axil of pelvic fins)</th>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B8658CF8BD4C9AF8E1" box="[669,763,1805,1827]" gridcol="1" gridrow="38" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">1.3</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B86449F8BD4A77F8E1" box="[856,1046,1805,1827]" gridcol="2" gridrow="38" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">0.9 1.4</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B863B6F8BD4B3DF8E1" box="[1191,1372,1805,1827]" gridcol="3" gridrow="38" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">0.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="63A034C6EB6A49B8678EF8864B3DF88E" box="[159,1372,1846,1868]" gridrow="39" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
<th id="20715DBAEB6A49B8678EF8864C27F88E" box="[159,582,1846,1868]" gridcol="0" gridrow="39" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Tail width (pelvic-fin tips)</th>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B8658CF8864C9AF88E" box="[669,763,1846,1868]" gridcol="1" gridrow="39" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">1.0</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B86449F8864A77F88E" box="[856,1046,1846,1868]" gridcol="2" gridrow="39" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">0.8 1.0</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B863B6F8864B3DF88E" box="[1191,1372,1846,1868]" gridcol="3" gridrow="39" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">0.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="63A034C6EB6A49B8678EF8D04B3DF8B4" box="[159,1372,1888,1910]" gridrow="40" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
<th id="20715DBAEB6A49B8678EF8D04C27F8B4" box="[159,582,1888,1910]" gridcol="0" gridrow="40" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Tail height (pelvic-fin tips)</th>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B8658CF8D04C9AF8B4" box="[669,763,1888,1910]" gridcol="1" gridrow="40" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">0.8</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B86449F8D04A77F8B4" box="[856,1046,1888,1910]" gridcol="2" gridrow="40" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">0.7 0.8</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B863B6F8D04B3DF8B4" box="[1191,1372,1888,1910]" gridcol="3" gridrow="40" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">0.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="63A034C6EB6A49B8678EF8394B3DF85D" box="[159,1372,1929,1951]" gridrow="41" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
<th id="20715DBAEB6A49B8678EF8394C27F85D" box="[159,582,1929,1951]" gridcol="0" gridrow="41" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Tail width (midlength)</th>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B8658CF8394C9AF85D" box="[669,763,1929,1951]" gridcol="1" gridrow="41" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">0.5</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B86449F8394A77F85D" box="[856,1046,1929,1951]" gridcol="2" gridrow="41" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">0.5 0.5</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B863B6F8394B3DF85D" box="[1191,1372,1929,1951]" gridcol="3" gridrow="41" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">0.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="63A034C6EB6A49B8678EF8024B3DF80A" box="[159,1372,1970,1992]" gridrow="42" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
<th id="20715DBAEB6A49B8678EF8024C27F80A" box="[159,582,1970,1992]" gridcol="0" gridrow="42" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Width across posterior pelvic-fin lobes</th>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B8658CF8024C9AF80A" box="[669,763,1970,1992]" gridcol="1" gridrow="42" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">6.0</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B86449F8024A77F80A" box="[856,1046,1970,1992]" gridcol="2" gridrow="42" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">4.5 6.7</td>
<td id="20715DBAEB6A49B863B6F8024B3DF80A" box="[1191,1372,1970,1992]" gridcol="3" gridrow="42" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">7.4</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD2F3684EB6BB64E67D6FF284CBAFEA6" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">
<taxonomicName id="1A904D07EB6BB64E67D6FF284FBBFF72" box="[199,474,152,176]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andamanensis">
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB6BB64E67D6FF284FBBFF72" box="[199,474,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">Sinobatis andamanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="1A904D07EB6BB64E6506FF284CD4FF72" box="[535,693,152,176]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bulbicauda">
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB6BB64E6506FF284CD4FF72" box="[535,693,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">S. bulbicauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
each have a slightly expanded posterior tail, and differ from
<taxonomicName id="1A904D07EB6BB64E6296FF284F45FF16" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanosoma">
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB6BB64E6296FF284F45FF16" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">S. melanosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which has a dark dorsal and ventral disc (rather than being darker dorsally than ventrally) and a ratlike tail without a lateral distal expansion.
<taxonomicName id="1A904D07EB6BB64E657EFF504D1FFF3A" box="[623,894,224,248]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andamanensis">
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB6BB64E657EFF504D1FFF3A" box="[623,894,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">Sinobatis andamanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="1A904D07EB6BB64E6301FF504ACBFF3A" box="[1040,1194,224,248]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Anacanthobatidae" genus="Sinobatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bulbicauda">
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB6BB64E6301FF504ACBFF3A" box="[1040,1194,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">S. bulbicauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a relatively narrow disc (width at anterior orbit 3.7–4.9
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB6BB64E658BFEB54CD0FEDE" box="[666,689,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">vs</emphasis>
. 5.2–7.8 times mouth width), narrower-based anterior pelvic-fin lobes (width 2.7–5.0
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB6BB64E6699FE994FC6FE82" box="[392,423,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">vs.</emphasis>
<quantity id="1A689B61EB6BB64E66BEFE984C43FE82" box="[431,546,295,320]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.223" metricValueMax="8.128" metricValueMin="4.318" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" unit="in" value="2.45" valueMax="3.2" valueMin="1.7">1.7–3.2 in</quantity>
distance between pelvic-fin origins), shorter and less-conical tooth cusps, and fewer vertebrae (total centra 125–131
<emphasis id="EFE4EA96EB6BB64E6552FEFD4C03FEA6" box="[579,610,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">vs.</emphasis>
148–171).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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