223 lines
24 KiB
XML
223 lines
24 KiB
XML
<document id="7B440283B214D7FB8110D9543CCCBBDE" ID-DOI="10.3897/fr.27.133914" ID-ZooBank="A30F4FFF-547A-4323-80C0-771663DF6FB7" ID-publisher-id="133914" URI-arpha="66B94E5B-EC0A-579D-B7ED-F85ED4A51F96" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/A30F4FFF-547A-4323-80C0-771663DF6FB7" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1730736172305" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Abbassi, Nasrollah, Salehi Tinooni, Mohammad, Ghorbani Dehnavi, Mahdi, Shakeri, Safoora & Eshaghi, Ali" docDate="2024" docId="552B5E932F445CAC8D4B5E2420371E1E" docLanguage="en" docName="Fossil Record 27(2): 265-287" docOrigin="Fossil Record 27 (2)" docSource="https://fr.pensoft.net/article/133914/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Dehnaripus Abbassi, Tinooni, Dehnavi, Shakeri & Eshaghi, 2024, igen. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="C9451ED2-C738-4E93-A752-E001E463F428" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="2" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="287" masterDocId="66B94E5BEC0A579DB7EDF85ED4A51F96" masterDocTitle="Oligocene vertebrate footprints from the Lower Red Formation, Central Iran" masterLastPageNumber="287" masterPageNumber="265" pageNumber="265" updateTime="1730736622543" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="0EBA5A017A40440F2780AC7E61E8639E" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="24BE7E924BD5FBF92FE34787230134CB">
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<mods:title id="0449E76481ACB9E2720EAB305DAAB24C">Oligocene vertebrate footprints from the Lower Red Formation, Central Iran</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="E90B582DD97273B11C3FA28AFA23FBFB" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="AA466662DBDDD54D4070757950B8FE32">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="A2744B56FE0F71B826CAD2A361247A2C">Abbassi, Nasrollah</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="1D4AFC772CFEA50270A167BE2C0781D0" type="ORCID">0000-0002-9994-9122</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="593DD4CFEC1A0A7B41E63E8F6D2F7C24">Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371 - 38971, Iran</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="7CDA3D7D7FA1F299CBD13C94C9EB257D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="2498BC864F240298F37DCA48E8BDE945">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="1BC65AA89ECB7A8D8AE056E2B91446EB">Salehi Tinooni, Mohammad</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="08A4CD745CFFD2ABB72F886126570344">Geological Survey of Iran, South-East Territory (Kerman), No. 10, Bastani-ye Parizi Blvd. Kerman, 76157 - 36841, Iran</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="32CA34AAD7026D00E0684CD450B30D96" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="6921A954B87E66DDDC03A52FB154BA23">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="0F723A3A91FD68FCD08757205668350A">Ghorbani Dehnavi, Mahdi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="58B6705E79C549565ABC57F33D7C456A">Geological Survey of Iran, South-East Territory (Kerman), No. 10, Bastani-ye Parizi Blvd. Kerman, 76157 - 36841, Iran</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="5BD43145BAEDEA670473910244FA0B82">Shakeri, Safoora</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="59877ABAA8BE7965AD63CA124D73F537">Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371 - 38971, Iran & Research Affairs Office, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371 - 38971, Iran</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="19A794631DD35F4EFF9A1CA17C3B254C">Eshaghi, Ali</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="AE4D7C7BFC384FD26B8581C7879F0E05">Research Affairs Office, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371 - 38971, Iran</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="7B85876627D449E65F05836029677459">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="F225B757ACBDAF65FD6F80B4A8383BD5">Fossil Record</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="1E2F48753829778CCDD842ABAE128AE5">
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<mods:date id="D98DB53E39DE8468BB02088C69DCC00B">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1291B011213699D468E29E341032726E">2024-11-04</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="CFD7BA06C18D36F49636093A4EB178F4">27</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="6B10C4A5B8263BEDFFCB60B789A9FA3D" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="5BF24E5538201C470FA8D11265237021">2</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="F527BBFD28BAEBBDC6FF25EA14EAF074" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="151709B6BD8B30A3FE30C384B221FA07">265</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="45906000F807391A58645056F70A87E0">287</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="0307C3084A0405228F5339802E304C4D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="D978F24C1F5B7AA95BF10A9722A8C818" type="DOI">10.3897/fr.27.133914</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="FC2F5516FDE768CF6BD87B5E1C6B8632" type="ZooBank">A30F4FFF-547A-4323-80C0-771663DF6FB7</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="552B5E932F445CAC8D4B5E2420371E1E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14035913" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14035913" ID-arpha="552B5E93-2F44-5CAC-8D4B-5E2420371E1E" ID-zoobank="https://zoobank.org/C9451ED2-C738-4E93-A752-E001E463F428" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C9451ED2-C738-4E93-A752-E001E463F428" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C9451ED2-C738-4E93-A752-E001E463F428" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/552B5E932F445CAC8D4B5E2420371E1E">
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<subSubSection id="0A908A4AF7F3C8E8AA3A1F43C3037E12" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="8C1754A6C15C95745E82505D71524225">
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||
<heading id="33DAAC33AAC886CF02EDF0029EE3A1C1" reason="label">Ichnogenus</heading>
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<taxonomicName id="819F29C51429611320BF23ABDAD25C08" authorityName="Abbassi & Salehi Tinooni & Ghorbani Dehnavi & Shakeri & Eshaghi" authorityYear="2024" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Dehnaripus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="42F634D8FC2404BAF25AB1AD7DF41FB3" italics="true">Dehnaripus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="392A9079A527B4612F6299B49D232AF7" rank="genus">igen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="SECID0ERWBG" type="Type ichnospecies">
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||
<paragraph id="6AAD7EF60A5DB88E9579F54A78B11922">
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||
<heading id="4970B6FA0A5333E56E83738039C3A684" reason="title">
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||
<typeStatus id="7C346470FDE13D3C982155022B24E024">Type</typeStatus>
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ichnospecies.
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B756DBD9A71237B551E48A8B77F73131">
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<taxonomicName id="EEB7417AB944FF39DEE48DBF46E7552B" authorityName="Abbassi & Salehi Tinooni & Ghorbani Dehnavi & Shakeri & Eshaghi" authorityYear="2024" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Dehnaripus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="incognitus">
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<emphasis id="7A426945AC5EE504F6E571193F406949" italics="true">Dehnaripus incognitus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="SECID0ECXBG" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="45F16F63F135BB466973D47E31EABAF1">
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<heading id="E41D6528CE719C218F0DEB7ED2513D83" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="47AA362BDC4CD550E13810593544B0BE">From village Deh Nar, where the footprints were discovered, and pus meaning foot.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="SECID0EHXBG" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B1A446EDA8C601A57B9E317D5D8F8A3">
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<heading id="0B5E1A10CA1FC761E619AF016647C236" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1BFA942799B39AAF021EA4C76385C829">
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Large, circular footprints consisting of manus and pes imprints (>
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<quantity id="098B06498FCE84B83F1A76C8C3A4EF5A" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
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). Manus imprint is larger than the pes, deeper in epirelief preservation. Usually, footprints show unorganized radial large wrinkles, and digital and metatarsal / metacarpal position are ambiguous. The technical imaging shows five thick digits in the manus with large metacarpal imprints, and three-digit imprints in the digitigrade pes imprint. Outlines of digit imprints in pes and manus are unclear.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="SECID0EMXBG" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="B841905EED61FBD3A6BE074618426B0D">
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<heading id="DA3C047223627275AB311837B317AC14" reason="title">Discussion.</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5AC44DD60C579E8D44E123657C64BB29">
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Morphology and quality of the preservation of footprints are controlled by numerous factors, partly related to sedimentological features of the substrate and others by the biological characteristics of the track-maker and, finally, preservational conditions. Some reports of vertebrate tracks include ambiguous footprints with unusual morphology; these mostly were reported from the dinosaur tracks (e. g.,
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<bibRefCitation id="1A85A79B0890642369A0F8FCA02BDCAF" DOI="10.1080/10420940490442304" author="Harris and Lacovara" firstAuthor="Harris" issue="1-2" journalOrPublisher="Ichnos" pagination="151-166" refId="B37" refString="Harris JD, Lacovara KJ (2004) Enigmatic fossil footprints from the Sundance Formation (Upper Jurassic) of Bighorn Canyon national recreation area, Wyoming. Ichnos 11 (1–2): 151–166. https://doi.org/10.1080/10420940490442304" title="Enigmatic fossil footprints from the Sundance Formation (Upper Jurassic) of Bighorn Canyon national recreation area, Wyoming." volume="11" year="2004">Harris and Lacovara 2004</bibRefCitation>
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). There are a few documents about enigmatic footprints from the Cenozoic (e. g.,
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<bibRefCitation id="C601977C2822E336D9C0E028DBF67F8D" DOI="10.1007/s41513-023-00215-9" author="Mayoral" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mayoral" issue="3" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Iberian Geology" pagination="237-256" refId="B61" refString="Mayoral E, Herrero C, Herrero E, Martín-Chivelet J, Pérez-Lorente F (2023) A new enigmatic lacustrine trackway in the upper Miocene of the Sierra de las Cabras (Jumilla, Murcia, Spain). Journal of Iberian Geology 49 (3): 237–256. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41513-023-00215-9" title="A new enigmatic lacustrine trackway in the upper Miocene of the Sierra de las Cabras (Jumilla, Murcia, Spain)." volume="49" year="2023">Mayoral et al. 2023</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<bibRefCitation id="8D12C4319325F3FCF2E03352EBAE7778" author="Demathieu G & Ginsburg L & Guerin C & Truc G" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Demathieu" refId="B28" refString="Demathieu G, Ginsburg L, Guerin C, Truc G (1984) Étude paléontologique, ichnologique et paléoécologique du gisement oligocène de Saignon (bassin d’Apt, Vaucluse). Bulletin du Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 4 e série, section C 2: 153–183." year="1984">Demathieu et al. (1984)</bibRefCitation>
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reported mammal enigmatic small footprints from the Oligocene of southern
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<collectingCountry id="1AB0CC9E6549C2EAA02A8E0054231211" name="France">France</collectingCountry>
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. These footprints are pentadactyl with forwarded three-digit imprints (II-III-IV) and set backward two digits (I-V). They were named as
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<taxonomicName id="17CB74874AF136295266215D86440058" class="Mammalia" genus="Sarcotherichnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="enigmaticus">
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<emphasis id="4C77B3D872CB8C945DDCACD6BA4D99C5" italics="true">Sarcotherichnus enigmaticus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and attributed to canids or felids.
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<taxonomicName id="CCCE7786C82E0F10A0036439C9D4B74D" authorityName="Abbassi & Salehi Tinooni & Ghorbani Dehnavi & Shakeri & Eshaghi" authorityYear="2024" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Dehnaripus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="DEA3EAD36B0F733205E9255D0719E3B5" italics="true">Dehnaripus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs from
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<taxonomicName id="C657CBD98E886093F403324A6333821F" authorityName="Demathieu, Ginsburg, Guérin & Truc" authorityYear="1984" class="Mammalia" genus="Sarcotherichnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D49D4C4166495A1F58085446E3CC47F8" italics="true">Sarcotherichnus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by larger size and unclear digit imprints, on the other hand, preservation quality of specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="E2343B2C680891D42EC55443FEA8BF00" authorityName="Abbassi & Salehi Tinooni & Ghorbani Dehnavi & Shakeri & Eshaghi" authorityYear="2024" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Dehnaripus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0B4F6ACA6BE01A1382BC29637DD36438" italics="true">Dehnaripus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is well, so that it shows even fine wrinkles.
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<emphasis id="9754D1F34E5D8F2728B180BF0E32289F" italics="true">Aenigmatipodus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="82D5610F488FA39B135D7D9B9367A952" DOI="10.1007/s41513-023-00215-9" author="Mayoral E & Herrero C & Herrero E & Martín-Chivelet J & Pérez-Lorente F" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mayoral" issue="3" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Iberian Geology" pagination="237-256" refId="B61" refString="Mayoral E, Herrero C, Herrero E, Martín-Chivelet J, Pérez-Lorente F (2023) A new enigmatic lacustrine trackway in the upper Miocene of the Sierra de las Cabras (Jumilla, Murcia, Spain). Journal of Iberian Geology 49 (3): 237–256. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41513-023-00215-9" title="A new enigmatic lacustrine trackway in the upper Miocene of the Sierra de las Cabras (Jumilla, Murcia, Spain)." volume="49" year="2023">Mayoral et al. (2023)</bibRefCitation>
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comprises series of tracks that are grouped in sets of three tracks or triads, each track constituting a subunit of the whole set and consisting of a depression or cleft formed by a central body and two bodies placed at the ends (
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<bibRefCitation id="C05DCE6C10F53F03E248DEC8B4BDF335" DOI="10.1007/s41513-023-00215-9" author="Mayoral" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mayoral" issue="3" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Iberian Geology" pagination="237-256" refId="B61" refString="Mayoral E, Herrero C, Herrero E, Martín-Chivelet J, Pérez-Lorente F (2023) A new enigmatic lacustrine trackway in the upper Miocene of the Sierra de las Cabras (Jumilla, Murcia, Spain). Journal of Iberian Geology 49 (3): 237–256. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41513-023-00215-9" title="A new enigmatic lacustrine trackway in the upper Miocene of the Sierra de las Cabras (Jumilla, Murcia, Spain)." volume="49" year="2023">Mayoral et al. 2023</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="58CDDDF5D021C7995B73BE74A7F6C95D" authorityName="Abbassi & Salehi Tinooni & Ghorbani Dehnavi & Shakeri & Eshaghi" authorityYear="2024" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Dehnaripus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="BC3FBFA6A75B800FBDD5E3667FFA1222" italics="true">Dehnaripus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs from
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<emphasis id="E59F1A59B29BA90A8CB3035782A21740" italics="true">Aenigmatipodus</emphasis>
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by its morphology, so that
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<taxonomicName id="76B83A7C50D68FD1384D639BB5DFCFCF" authorityName="Abbassi & Salehi Tinooni & Ghorbani Dehnavi & Shakeri & Eshaghi" authorityYear="2024" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Dehnaripus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="97BDBF88AB4968EF995CF90EB53D6A28" italics="true">Dehnaripus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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is mound-shaped, with circular outline, and
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<emphasis id="38A9003A634D78F5A56783736109A431" italics="true">Aenigmatipodus</emphasis>
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, however, is a depression formed by a central body that is three times as long as it is wide, with two shorter bodies placed at the ends.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="5D8F998B3C5A8963C0CF11B328DEDEB5" ID-DOI="10.3897/fr.27.133914.figure4" ID-arpha="8C7E7828-7BED-5DD1-9D91-7F53AD600FBE" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1167585" startId="F4">
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<paragraph id="30345DA7882F000AB10AE4B60E686B44">
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<label id="8A29675FF811A34BB0C847367E222BDA">Figure 4.</label>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FF2F7EE2F21828CF250719514FF4813E">
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<emphasis id="0590C247DA081E5FED533F48D63A5417" bold="true">A, B.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="C566930B6A4B253B8903C0AB2B02F41A" authorityName="de Valais & Melchor" authorityYear="2008" class="Aves" genus="Gruipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dominguensis">
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<emphasis id="5166BBA9354950B4B99F1A101297B102" italics="true">Gruipeda dominguensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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trackways in the lower bedding plane of a large dislocated block with numerous mud cracks;
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<emphasis id="616D3DBB65D22769685285C52DBC742A" bold="true">C – H.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="9DFFEF0EB847E31556DE8C2EAA53BE71" authorityName="de Valais & Melchor" authorityYear="2008" class="Aves" genus="Gruipeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dominguensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C3363BE0AD3C64B4C3FE1F61E7BF1413" italics="true">Gruipeda dominguensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
trackways in the dislocated slabs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="E50684454D9CA03237AACD6B697A0228">
|
||
There are other non-biogenic mound shape structures, which may look similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2840BC303FDE9A6A905367AA48A3AD7" authorityName="Abbassi & Salehi Tinooni & Ghorbani Dehnavi & Shakeri & Eshaghi" authorityYear="2024" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Dehnaripus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2F0B0689620F721BA742A1E2086654F" italics="true">Dehnaripus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; for example, sand-volcano occurs on upper bedding surfaces, and result from liquefied sand being extruded through a local vent at the sediment surface (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1FF43CF22DA0410E9D441BFEF5A6301C" DOI="10.2307/jj.12639005" author="Collinson and Mountney" firstAuthor="Collinson" refId="B20" refString="Collinson J, Mountney N (2019) Sedimentary structures. Liverpool University Press, 340 pp. https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.12639005" year="2019">Collinson and Mountney 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Sedimentary biogenic structures, such as stromatolites, have mound shapes on the carbonate platforms. Essentially, these structures differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D6569CF08EF0C8EE78183F8D4C725A03" authorityName="Abbassi & Salehi Tinooni & Ghorbani Dehnavi & Shakeri & Eshaghi" authorityYear="2024" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Dehnaripus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A61A7527D6F3B109D0C84EB2E6DB8A41" italics="true">Dehnaripus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, not only by their morphologies but also by their lithofacies. Although there are no complete and convincing trackways, we would rather consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C1F9780F7FA166FA5D7F5CA3FDFC6A31" authorityName="Abbassi & Salehi Tinooni & Ghorbani Dehnavi & Shakeri & Eshaghi" authorityYear="2024" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Dehnaripus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6571D6C630CB023B7A67FD7F15A6FC8A" italics="true">Dehnaripus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a new ichnotaxon, because of:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<list id="0522201A7CA8CC77E0EFE8DBD923B5B1" list-type="order">
|
||
<paragraph id="BDBFDD52F27BB41057035BBFF3390B17">
|
||
<list-item id="0766477CF30D4AE25DEF8E9B86FFA294">
|
||
The extramorphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="031994F536C5748AC4A3F78D5B50393A" authorityName="Abbassi & Salehi Tinooni & Ghorbani Dehnavi & Shakeri & Eshaghi" authorityYear="2024" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Dehnaripus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="41A755279F37DF2B680960EF190399E1" italics="true">Dehnaripus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not the result of substrate conditions, because it was found in the different horizons of the lower rock units of LRF. It is difficult to conclude that the same extramorphologically conditions were repeated in different lithohorizons. On the other hand, the preservation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30FA0CDFDFB99B5338ABC9C46C335D95" authorityName="Abbassi & Salehi Tinooni & Ghorbani Dehnavi & Shakeri & Eshaghi" authorityYear="2024" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Dehnaripus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4DEC5AD399F82CEBA6A3765FA492E12" italics="true">Dehnaripus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is good so that fine wrinkles were preserved, which shows the unusual morphology of the sole of pes or manus.
|
||
</list-item>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="73331C1C276F1A6FEC40D22BC95533D2">
|
||
<list-item id="B994FAA31B66024975D754E979F61796">
|
||
The extramorphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BE9A0090C697E8D4776332A12D340DF" authorityName="Abbassi & Salehi Tinooni & Ghorbani Dehnavi & Shakeri & Eshaghi" authorityYear="2024" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Dehnaripus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC1ABC55EBF526CA36867C4A8B12D3D2" italics="true">Dehnaripus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is related to the unusual morphology of the sole of the track makers. In comparison, the pentadactyl toes of proboscideans, embedded by digital thick cushions and their broad sole, are flat and full of wrinkles. The impressions of these feet are large oval to subcircular imprints, with large and flat sole surfaces either ornamented or smooth. The digit impressions may point anteriorly (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="57D6F3C6D905FEE8808181546D8AB694" author="Panin and Avram" firstAuthor="Panin" journalOrPublisher="Studii şi Cercetări de Geologie" pagination="455-484" refId="B76" refString="Panin N, Avram E (1962) Noe urme de vertebrate in Miocenul Subcarpaţilor romineşti. Studii şi Cercetări de Geologie 7: 455–484." title="Noe urme de vertebrate in Miocenul Subcarpaţilor romineşti." volume="7" year="1962">Panin and Avram 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7E4D39777DE03B1D4F0A63EB1A52C7AA" DOI="10.1038/s41598-021-96754-1" author="Neto de Carvalho" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Neto de Carvalho" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Reports" pagination="17311" refId="B73" refString="Neto de Carvalho C, Belaústegui Z, Toscano A, Muñiz F, Belo J, Galán JM, Gómez P, Cáceres LM, Rodríguez-Vidal J, Cunha PP, Cachão M (2021) First tracks of newborn straight-tusked elephants (Palaeoloxodon antiquus). Scientific Reports 11 (1): 17311. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-96754-1" title="First tracks of newborn straight-tusked elephants (Palaeoloxodon antiquus)." volume="11" year="2021">Neto de Carvalho et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These footprints are completely different from the skeletal anatomy of proboscideans. Like this,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0AB7816C812F09A9D7320DC7AF391544" authorityName="Abbassi & Salehi Tinooni & Ghorbani Dehnavi & Shakeri & Eshaghi" authorityYear="2024" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Dehnaripus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1846B9B60358419B90C3F29EB8214F62" italics="true">Dehnaripus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows the morphology of the sole of the track maker as radial unorganized thick wrinkles. These ornamentations could be formed by thick, unorganized and disordered radial cushions or hooves.
|
||
</list-item>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</list>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |