385 lines
35 KiB
XML
385 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3792396" ID-GBIF-Dataset="125703f8-ddaa-4f28-9673-97b7c469b05c" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163812732" ID-ISSN="1313–2970" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3792396" checkinTime="1588014657767" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Chamorro-Lacayo, Maria & Konstantinov, Alexander" docDate="2009" docId="552287F6FFB7FFAAFF538BBCFECF6A16" docLanguage="en" docName="ZK_article_1978.pdf" docOrigin="ZooKeys 8 (8)" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@60a754c6" docStyleName="zookeys.2008.journal_article" docTitle="Exema Lacordaire 1848" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="76" masterDocId="A91BFF8EFFBCFFA7FFDF8F7BFF946F13" masterDocTitle="Synopsis of warty leaf beetle genera of the world (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cryptocephalinae, Chlamisini)" masterLastPageNumber="88" masterPageNumber="63" pageId="11" pageNumber="74" updateTime="1636502541170" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Synopsis of warty leaf beetle genera of the world (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cryptocephalinae, Chlamisini)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Chamorro-Lacayo, Maria</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>National Museum of Natural History, Washington D. C. ,,</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Konstantinov, Alexander</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Systematic Entomology Laboratory, MRC- 168 Washington, United States of America</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2009-04-28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>8</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>8</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>63</mods:start>
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<mods:end>88</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.8.90</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">125703f8-ddaa-4f28-9673-97b7c469b05c</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1313–2970</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576444</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3792396" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163812732" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3792396" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:552287F6FFB7FFAAFF538BBCFECF6A16" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/552287F6FFB7FFAAFF538BBCFECF6A16" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="11" pageNumber="74">
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<subSubSection box="[140,355,1222,1249]" pageId="11" pageNumber="74" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[140,471,1222,1285]" box="[140,355,1222,1249]" pageId="11" pageNumber="74">
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<heading box="[140,355,1222,1249]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="74" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName authority="Lacordaire" authorityName="Lacordaire" authorityYear="1848" box="[140,355,1222,1249]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Exema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,355,1222,1249]" pageId="11" pageNumber="74">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,220,1223,1249]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="74">Exema</emphasis>
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Lacordaire
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[140,471,1258,1285]" pageId="11" pageNumber="74" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[140,471,1222,1285]" box="[140,471,1258,1285]" pageId="11" pageNumber="74">
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(
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<figureCitation box="[148,249,1258,1284]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[140,212,1526,1548]" captionTargetBox="[166,1087,177,1506]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[137,1109,165,1507]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Chlamisini, dorsal view. A, Aulacochlamys distincta (Achard). B, A. costicollis (Lacordaire. C, Carcinobaena pilula (Klug). D, Chlamisus foveolatus (Knoch). E, Diplacaspis prosternalis (Schaeffer). F, Exema elliptica Karren. G, Fulcidax coelestina (Lacordaire). H, Hymetes javana Lacordaire. I, Melittochlamys specula (Klug). Į, Neochlamisus insularis (Schaeffer). K, N. velutinus Karren. L, Pseudochlamys megalostomoides Lacordaire ♀." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3788012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3788012/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="74">Figs. 1 F</figureCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation box="[261,303,1258,1284]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[140,212,1526,1548]" captionTargetBox="[158,1106,521,1494]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[140,1108,503,1506]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Chlamisini, lateral view. A, Aulacochlamys distincta (Achard). B, A. costicollis (Lacordaire). C, Chlamisus foveolatus (Knoch). D, Diplacaspis prosternalis (Schaeffer). E, Exema elliptica Karren.F, Fulcidax coelestina (Lacordaire). G, Hymetes javana Lacordaire. H, Melittochlamys specula (Klug). I, Neochlamisus insularis (Schaeffer). Į, N. velutinus Karren. K, Pseudochlamys megalostomoides Lacordaire ♁. L, P. megalostomoides ♀." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3770841" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3770841/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="74">2 E</figureCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation box="[315,357,1258,1284]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[140,212,1526,1548]" captionTargetBox="[148,1095,175,1500]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[136,1110,165,1507]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Chlamisini, ventral view. A, Aulacochlamys costicollis (Lacordaire). B, Carcinobaena pilula (Klug). C, Chlamisus foveolatus (Knoch). D, Diplacaspis prosternalis (Schaeffer). E, Exema elliptica Karren. F, Fulcidax coelestina (Lacordaire). G, Hymetes javana Lacordaire. H, Melittochlamys specula (Klug). I, Neochlamisus insularis (Schaeffer). Į, N. velutinus Karren. K, Pseudochlamys megalostomoides Lacordaire ♁. L, P. megalostomoides ♀." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3770843" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3770843/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="74">3 E</figureCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation box="[369,411,1258,1284]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="10.[140,212,1526,1548]" captionTargetBox="[140,1106,199,1486]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[140,1108,199,1506]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 4. Chlamisini, frontal view. A, Aulacochlamys costicollis (Lacordaire). B, Carcinobaena pilula (Klug). C, Chlamisus foveolatus (Knoch). D, Diplacaspis prosternalis (Schaeffer). E, Exema elliptica Karren. F, Fulcidax coelestina (Lacordaire). G, Hymetes javana Lacordaire. H, Melittochlamys specula (Klug). I, Neochlamisus insularis (Schaeffer). J, N. velutinus Karren. K, Pseudochlamys megalostomoides Lacordaire ♁. L, P. megalostomoides ♀." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3770847" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3770847/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="74">4 E</figureCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation box="[423,463,1258,1285]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="12.[140,213,1526,1548]" captionTargetBox="[142,1102,207,1465]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[136,1110,180,1486]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 5. Chlamisini, caudal view. A, Aulacochlamys costicollis (Lacordaire). B, Carcinobaena pilula (Klug). C, Chlamisus foveolatus (Knoch). D, Diplacaspis prosternalis (Schaeffer). E, Exema elliptica Karren. F, Fulcidax coelestina (Lacordaire). G, Hymetes javana Lacordaire. H, Melittochlamys specula (Klug). I, Neochlamisus insularis (Schaeffer). Į, N. velutinus Karren. K, Pseudochlamys megalostomoides Lacordaire ♀." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3770849" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3770849/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="74">5 E</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="74" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[140,1108,1328,1426]" pageId="11" pageNumber="74">
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<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="11" pageNumber="74">
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<treatmentCitation author="Lacordaire MT" box="[140,476,1328,1354]" page="844" pageId="11" pageNumber="74" year="1848">
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<taxonomicName authority="Lacordaire, 1848: 844" authorityName="Lacordaire" authorityPageNumber="844" authorityYear="1848" box="[140,476,1328,1354]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Exema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[140,213,1329,1354]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="74">Exema</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Lacordaire" box="[221,476,1328,1354]" firstAuthor="Lacordaire" pageId="11" pageNumber="74" refId="ref10277" refString="Lacordaire MT (1848) Monographie des Coleopteres subpentameres de la famille des Phytophages. Tome second. Bruxelles et Leipzig, 890 pp." type="book" year="1848">Lacordaire, 1848: 844</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<typeStatus box="[487,542,1329,1355]" pageId="11" pageNumber="74">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName authority="Kollar, 1824" authorityName="Kollar" authorityYear="1824" box="[642,989,1328,1354]" class="Bivalvia" family="Pectinidae" genus="Chlamys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pectinoida" pageId="11" pageNumber="74" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="intricata">
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<emphasis box="[642,837,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="74">Chlamys intricata</emphasis>
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Kollar, 1824
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</taxonomicName>
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, by subsequent designation of
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<treatmentCitation author="Jacoby M" box="[421,626,1363,1390]" page="278" pageId="11" pageNumber="74" year="1908">
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<bibRefCitation author="Jacoby" box="[421,626,1363,1390]" firstAuthor="Jacoby" pageId="11" pageNumber="74" refId="ref10042" refString="Jacoby M (1908) The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Coleoptera. Chrysomelidae. Vol. 1. Taylor and Francis, London, 534 pp." type="book" year="1908">Jacoby, 1908: 278</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation author="Karren JB" box="[636,814,1363,1390]" page="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="74" year="1966">
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<bibRefCitation author="Karren" box="[636,814,1363,1390]" firstAuthor="Karren" pageId="11" pageNumber="74" pagination="647 - 695" refId="ref10075" refString="Karren JB (1966) A revision of the genus Exema of America, north of Mexico (Chrysomelidae, Coleoptera). The University of Kansas Science Bulletin 46: 647 - 695." type="journal article" year="1966">Karren, 1966: 1</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(revision of
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:552287F6FFB7FFAAFF538BBCFECF6A16:D854603BFFB7FFACFC688A28FF746A82" country="Mexico" name="North American" pageId="11" pageNumber="74">North American</location>
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species north of
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<collectingCountry box="[416,506,1399,1426]" name="Mexico" pageId="11" pageNumber="74">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="11" pageNumber="74" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[140,1107,1469,1672]" lastBlockId="13.[140,1108,167,1285]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="11" pageNumber="74">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,266,1469,1495]" pageId="11" pageNumber="74">
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<emphasis box="[140,262,1469,1495]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="74" reason="1">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Length
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<quantity box="[365,535,1469,1496]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.815" metricValueMax="3.45" metricValueMin="2.18" pageId="11" pageNumber="74" unit="mm" value="2.815" valueMax="3.45" valueMin="2.18">2.18-3.45 mm</quantity>
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, width
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<quantity box="[624,795,1469,1496]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.04" metricValueMax="2.72" metricValueMin="1.36" pageId="11" pageNumber="74" unit="mm" value="2.04" valueMax="2.72" valueMin="1.36">1.36-2.72 mm</quantity>
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. General body shape cylindrical, widest near shoulders. Antenna serrate beyond 5
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<superScript attach="left" box="[760,774,1503,1517]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="74">th</superScript>
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antennomere, 3
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<superScript attach="left" box="[958,978,1503,1517]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="74">rd,</superScript>
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4
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<superScript attach="left" box="[998,1012,1503,1517]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="74">th</superScript>
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, and 5
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<superScript attach="none" box="[1093,1107,1503,1517]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="74">th</superScript>
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antennomeres slightly widened, but not dilated distally. Pronotum medially elevated, with various bumps and short ridges. Pronotal base opposite mesoscutellum (posterior pronotal lobe) concave, usually without well differentiated notch. Prosternum gradually narrowing posteriorly, at about middle abruptly narrowing to thin parallel sided ridge. Anterior margin of metasternum concave. Mesoscutellum short, transverse. Metascutellum not exposed. Elytral suture serration complete. Elytral tubercules well developed. Males with spines or spinulae on first ventral abdominal segment. Tibiae slightly curved, flattened, with sharp dorsal edge. Fore- and midtibial apices with spine in males, but lacking them in females. Tarsal claw from simple to appendiculate. Ejaculatory guide (part of internal sac of aedeagus) short, tubular, sclerotized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3770849" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3770849" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3770849/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="75" startId="12.[140,213,1526,1548]" targetBox="[142,1102,207,1465]" targetPageId="12">
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<paragraph blockId="12.[140,1108,1526,1676]" pageId="12" pageNumber="75">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,242,1526,1548]" pageId="12" pageNumber="75">Figure 5.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gressitt" authorityYear="1946" box="[250,358,1526,1548]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Chlamisini">Chlamisini</taxonomicName>
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, caudal view.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[494,513,1526,1548]" pageId="12" pageNumber="75">A</emphasis>
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,
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<taxonomicName authority="(Lacordaire)" authorityName="F. Monros" baseAuthorityName="Lacordaire" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[528,874,1526,1548]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Aulacochlamys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costicollis">
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<emphasis box="[528,751,1526,1547]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="75">Aulacochlamys costicollis</emphasis>
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(Lacordaire)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[889,906,1526,1548]" pageId="12" pageNumber="75">B</emphasis>
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,
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<taxonomicName authority="(Klug)" baseAuthorityName="Klug" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Carcinobaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilula">
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<emphasis box="[920,1107,1526,1547]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="75">Carcinobaena pilula</emphasis>
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(Klug)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[218,237,1558,1580]" pageId="12" pageNumber="75">C</emphasis>
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,
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<taxonomicName authority="(Knoch)" baseAuthorityName="Knoch" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[254,539,1558,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chlamisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foveolatus">
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<emphasis box="[254,446,1558,1579]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="75">Chlamisus foveolatus</emphasis>
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(Knoch)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[552,571,1558,1580]" pageId="12" pageNumber="75">D</emphasis>
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,
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<taxonomicName authority="(Schaeffer)" baseAuthorityName="Schaeffer" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[588,919,1558,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Diplacaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prosternalis">
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<emphasis box="[588,804,1558,1579]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="75">Diplacaspis prosternalis</emphasis>
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||
(Schaeffer)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[932,947,1558,1580]" pageId="12" pageNumber="75">E</emphasis>
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,
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<taxonomicName authority="Karren. F" authorityName="Karren. F" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Exema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elliptica">
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<emphasis box="[964,1108,1558,1580]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="75">Exema elliptica</emphasis>
|
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Karren.
|
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[220,234,1590,1612]" pageId="12" pageNumber="75">F</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Lacordaire)" baseAuthorityName="Lacordaire" box="[249,549,1590,1612]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Fulcidax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coelestina">
|
||
<emphasis box="[249,422,1590,1611]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="75">Fulcidax coelestina</emphasis>
|
||
(Lacordaire)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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.
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[561,581,1590,1612]" pageId="12" pageNumber="75">G</emphasis>
|
||
,
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<taxonomicName authority="Lacordaire. H" authorityName="Lacordaire. H" authorityYear="1848" box="[595,884,1590,1612]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Hymetes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="javana">
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||
<emphasis box="[595,741,1591,1612]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="75">Hymetes javana</emphasis>
|
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Lacordaire.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[864,884,1590,1612]" pageId="12" pageNumber="75">H</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authority="(Klug)" baseAuthorityName="Klug" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Melittochlamys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="specula">
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<emphasis box="[899,1108,1590,1611]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="75">Melittochlamys specula</emphasis>
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(Klug)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[216,224,1622,1644]" pageId="12" pageNumber="75">I</emphasis>
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,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Schaeffer)" baseAuthorityName="Schaeffer" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[238,557,1622,1644]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Neochlamisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insularis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[238,445,1622,1643]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="75">Neochlamisus insularis</emphasis>
|
||
(Schaeffer)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[567,575,1622,1644]" pageId="12" pageNumber="75">Į</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Karren. K" authorityName="Karren. K" authorityYear="1972" box="[589,806,1622,1644]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Neochlamisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velutinus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[589,703,1622,1644]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="75">N. velutinus</emphasis>
|
||
Karren.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[789,806,1622,1644]" pageId="12" pageNumber="75">K</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Lacordaire" authorityName="Lacordaire Det. Karren" authorityYear="1971" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pseudochlamys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megalostomoides">
|
||
<emphasis box="[821,1108,1622,1643]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="75">Pseudochlamys megalostomoides</emphasis>
|
||
Lacordaire
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
♀.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="76" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[140,1108,167,1285]" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,344,377,403]" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,339,377,403]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" reason="1">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Nearctic, Neotropical, and Oriental Regions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Monros" box="[876,1043,378,405]" firstAuthor="Monros" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" pagination="489 - 672" refId="ref10435" refString="Monros F (1952) Revision de las especies argentinas de Chlamisinae (Col., Chrysomelidae) (5 a contribucion al conocimiento de Chlamisinae). Acta Zoologica Lilloana 10: 489 - 672." type="journal article" year="1952">Monrós, 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Karren" firstAuthor="Karren" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" pagination="647 - 695" refId="ref10075" refString="Karren JB (1966) A revision of the genus Exema of America, north of Mexico (Chrysomelidae, Coleoptera). The University of Kansas Science Bulletin 46: 647 - 695." type="journal article" year="1966">Karren, 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="76" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[140,1108,167,1285]" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,298,448,474]" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,293,448,474]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" reason="1">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
This genus may be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[740,853,448,474]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chlamisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[740,853,448,474]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">Chlamisus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the following characters: males with spines or spinulae on first ventral abdominal segment; 5
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[983,997,483,497]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">th</superScript>
|
||
antennomere much smaller than 6
|
||
<superScript attach="none" box="[442,456,518,532]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">th</superScript>
|
||
; sutural serration of elytra complete (in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[923,1036,519,545]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chlamisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[923,1036,519,545]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">Chlamisus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males without spines or spinulae on first ventrite and 5
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[695,709,553,567]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">th</superScript>
|
||
antennomere nearly as large as 6
|
||
<superScript attach="none" box="[1086,1100,553,567]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">th</superScript>
|
||
; sutural serration of elytra usually incomplete); ejaculatory guide short, single, tubular, and sclerotized (elongate and paired in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[588,701,624,650]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chlamisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[588,701,624,650]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">Chlamisus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lacordaire" box="[726,930,624,650]" firstAuthor="Lacordaire" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" refId="ref10277" refString="Lacordaire MT (1848) Monographie des Coleopteres subpentameres de la famille des Phytophages. Tome second. Bruxelles et Leipzig, 890 pp." type="book" year="1848">Lacordaire (1848)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
established
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lacordaire" authorityYear="1848" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Exema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">Exema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[346,459,659,685]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chlamisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[346,459,659,685]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">Chlamisus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that have a very abrupt antennal “club”, the first serrated antennomere (6
|
||
<superScript attach="none" box="[320,334,694,708]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">th</superScript>
|
||
) is much wider than 5
|
||
<superScript attach="none" box="[591,605,694,708]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">th</superScript>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[140,1108,167,1285]" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lacordaire" authorityYear="1848" box="[185,258,731,756]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Exema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,258,731,756]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">Exema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was designated a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[705,818,730,756]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chlamisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[705,818,730,756]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">Chlamisus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gressitt and Kimoto" firstAuthor="Gressitt" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 299" refId="ref9895" refString="Gressitt JL, Kimoto S (1961) The Chrysomelidae (Coleopt.) of China and Korea. Part 1. Pacific Insects Monographs 1 A: 1 - 299." type="journal article" year="1961">Gressitt and Kimoto (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
based on their study of Oriental species; however,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lacordaire" authorityYear="1848" box="[787,860,766,791]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Exema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[787,860,766,791]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">Exema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
continues to be treat- ed as valid (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Karren" box="[271,419,800,826]" firstAuthor="Karren" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" pagination="647 - 695" refId="ref10075" refString="Karren JB (1966) A revision of the genus Exema of America, north of Mexico (Chrysomelidae, Coleoptera). The University of Kansas Science Bulletin 46: 647 - 695." type="journal article" year="1966">Karren 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Karren" box="[432,493,800,826]" firstAuthor="Karren" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" pagination="875 - 988" refId="ref10110" refString="Karren JB (1972) A revision of the subfamily Chlamisinae of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The University of Kansas Science Bulletin 49: 875 - 988." type="journal article" year="1972">1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Riley" box="[505,693,800,827]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Riley" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" refId="ref10680" refString="Riley EG, Clark SM, Seeno TN (2003) Catalog of the leaf beetles of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae and Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae). Coleopterists Society Special Publication No 1, Sacramento, 290 pp." type="book" year="2003">Riley et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Seeno and Wilcox" box="[706,980,800,826]" firstAuthor="Seeno" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 222" refId="ref10726" refString="Seeno TN, Wilcox JA (1982) Leaf Beetle Genera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Entomography 1: 1 - 222." type="journal article" year="1982">Seeno and Wilcox 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[140,1108,167,1285]" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">
|
||
A total of 26 species are included in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lacordaire" authorityYear="1848" box="[605,678,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Exema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[605,678,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">Exema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 9 Nearctic, 7 Oriental, and 10 Neotropical (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Monros" box="[241,400,870,897]" firstAuthor="Monros" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" pagination="489 - 672" refId="ref10435" refString="Monros F (1952) Revision de las especies argentinas de Chlamisinae (Col., Chrysomelidae) (5 a contribucion al conocimiento de Chlamisinae). Acta Zoologica Lilloana 10: 489 - 672." type="journal article" year="1952">Monrós 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Karren" box="[412,560,871,898]" firstAuthor="Karren" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" pagination="647 - 695" refId="ref10075" refString="Karren JB (1966) A revision of the genus Exema of America, north of Mexico (Chrysomelidae, Coleoptera). The University of Kansas Science Bulletin 46: 647 - 695." type="journal article" year="1966">Karren 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="76" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[140,1108,167,1285]" box="[185,416,905,931]" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,416,905,931]" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,286,905,931]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" reason="1">Material</emphasis>
|
||
examined.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[140,1108,167,1285]" box="[185,462,941,967]" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Pierce" authorityName="Pierce" authorityYear="1940" box="[185,458,941,967]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Exema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,379,941,967]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">Exema canadensis</emphasis>
|
||
Pierce
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2612320314" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[140,1108,167,1285]" box="[231,1107,976,1003]" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">
|
||
1) a. [
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[295,355,976,1003]" name="United States of America" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
] Lakehead Md, 21.VII.06/ b. Ex. Coll. Knab/ c.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Pierce" authorityName="Pierce" authorityYear="1940" box="[914,1107,976,1002]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Exema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[914,1107,976,1002]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">Exema canadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[140,1108,167,1285]" box="[231,507,1011,1038]" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">
|
||
Pierce det.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Karren" box="[356,503,1011,1038]" firstAuthor="Karren" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" pagination="647 - 695" refId="ref10075" refString="Karren JB (1966) A revision of the genus Exema of America, north of Mexico (Chrysomelidae, Coleoptera). The University of Kansas Science Bulletin 46: 647 - 695." type="journal article" year="1966">Karren 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[140,1108,167,1285]" box="[185,444,1047,1073]" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Karren" authorityName="Karren. G" authorityYear="1966" box="[185,440,1047,1073]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Exema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elliptica">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,351,1047,1073]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">Exema elliptica</emphasis>
|
||
Karren
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2612320304" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[140,1108,167,1285]" box="[231,1108,1081,1109]" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">
|
||
1) a. [
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[293,353,1081,1108]" name="United States of America" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
] Houston, Tex. 25.
|
||
<collectionCode box="[568,591,1082,1109]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
.49,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[636,655,1082,1108]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">T</collectionCode>
|
||
. L. Ward,
|
||
<emphasis box="[770,1005,1082,1108]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">Baccaharis halinifolia</emphasis>
|
||
/ b. Para-
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[140,1108,167,1285]" box="[231,545,1117,1144]" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[231,279,1118,1144]" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">type</typeStatus>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Karren." authorityName="Karren. G" authorityYear="1966" box="[286,545,1117,1144]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Exema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elliptica">
|
||
<emphasis box="[286,452,1117,1143]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">Exema elliptica</emphasis>
|
||
Karren.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[140,1108,167,1285]" box="[185,478,1152,1178]" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Monros" authorityName="Monros" box="[185,474,1152,1178]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Exema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variopicta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,374,1153,1178]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">Exema variopicta</emphasis>
|
||
Monrós
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2612320328" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[140,1108,167,1285]" box="[231,1107,1187,1214]" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">
|
||
1) a. [
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[298,416,1187,1214]" name="Argentina" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
]
|
||
<collectionCode box="[432,453,1188,1214]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.A.
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[493,550,1187,1213]" country="Argentina" name="Salta" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">Salta</collectingRegion>
|
||
, San Bernardo, 30.I.950, Willink & Monrós/ b.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[140,1108,167,1285]" box="[231,1107,1222,1249]" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">
|
||
1181/ c. F. Monrós Collection, 1959/ d.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Monros F. Monros" box="[698,1107,1223,1249]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Exema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variopicta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[698,887,1223,1248]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">Exema variopicta</emphasis>
|
||
Monrós F. Monrós
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[140,1108,167,1285]" box="[231,347,1258,1285]" pageId="13" pageNumber="76">det. 1954.</paragraph>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |