189 lines
21 KiB
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189 lines
21 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="DD1F7316CA49B7B4577F9E100EA789FB">Revision of the Neotropical green lacewing genus Ungla (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A9B65EC9C86315A5238CBF51DE19258D">Tauber, Catherine A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="93F75404B652DDF912215493C43E6330">Sosa, Francisco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="00D08E9D0284EFD6C5FDB5822480A0CD">Albuquerque, Gilberto S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CC6B38E9C1CC53659A9FC5861CD73D87">Tauber, Maurice J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="B574F91087434D62C2AD9BC72AAAAB8D">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3BBE8D3A9F65242F7CC61CA8909D5E9B">674</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="F295231AD7E909DBD310D26BDD720C65" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.674.11435</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="54D2829EC5EC82B0BDCE6041985EEFE6" ID-GBIF-Taxon="156200996" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:54D2829EC5EC82B0BDCE6041985EEFE6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/54D2829EC5EC82B0BDCE6041985EEFE6" lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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<subSubSection id="17AE9DC702B50D3F0ECABDC3AC58FBDA" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="FA78A1E5D109C7258156B2FCAB0C2028" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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<taxonomicName id="2DDAC7413032222107BD34FE59D44C11" ID-CoL="7DK6G" authority="Penny, 1998" authorityName="Penny" authorityYear="1998" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ungla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ungla pallescens" order="Neuroptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallescens">Ungla pallescens Penny, 1998</taxonomicName>
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Figs 68, 69, 70, 143h, 143i
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="49346C7C235DB5F23FF52D5CAD98C88E" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="0176A256AFEE2DE06E5B09D004CAC7DD" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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<taxonomicName id="E67DE0CB37E445128C37362C9470A5FE" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ungla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ungla pallescens" order="Neuroptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallescens">Ungla pallescens</taxonomicName>
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Penny, 1998. Journal of Neuropterology 1: 69-72; "COSTA RICA: Puntarenas Province, Monteverde, 18.IX.1990, N. D. Penny".
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<bibRefCitation id="A84F61AAAB82DDAA1EB34253B3D319FB" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Penny 2002</bibRefCitation>
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: 227 (tax);
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<bibRefCitation id="A659A9FA85894BE49120DC8E18D24F7A" author="Oswald, JD" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas Fisicas y Naturales de Madrid" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" title="Neuropterida Species of the World. Version 4.0" url="http://lacewing.tamu.edu/Species-Catalogue/" year="2015">Oswald 2015</bibRefCitation>
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(catalog). Holotype. INBio, male (not examined); holotype by original designation. Allotype and male paratype in CAS (examined) (Figs 68-70; labels: Fig. 143h, i). Originally, this species was described from a series of specimens collected in Costa Rica by N. D. Penny; these remain the only specimens thus far reported for this species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0CF7E2EB19578877FE72D5F831C8DD86" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="277D26A296A6597FE2870D77EDEB4779" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="96F222DB115498D92FA37F20516A66B1" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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At this time,
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<taxonomicName id="48F6A7FECF9A6A247F7DFF353DE459A1" lsidName="U. pallescens" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" rank="species" species="pallescens">U. pallescens</taxonomicName>
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is the only
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<taxonomicName id="F3D1111C316EF937B34C6C842833FB3E" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ungla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ungla" order="Neuroptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ungla</taxonomicName>
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species known to lack a genal mark; all other described
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<taxonomicName id="12A787538713D9DA5D148BAFF11A2107" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ungla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ungla" order="Neuroptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ungla</taxonomicName>
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species have a mark (either large or small) on the gena. The
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<taxonomicName id="BD970F8D1B1439224E50A64258D1ED80" lsidName="U. pallescens" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" rank="species" species="pallescens">U. pallescens</taxonomicName>
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adult body is pale green, with large white areas and subtle, pale brown markings; the flagella are cream-colored basally and brownish distally; and the wing venation, including the gradate veins, is entirely light green (Fig. 69; also see
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<bibRefCitation id="962260E8DBBB61E1FF08B2F3A09F0ABC" author="Penny, ND" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Neuropterology" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="55 - 78" title="New Chrysopinae from Costa Rica (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)." volume="1" year="1998">Penny 1998</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="B960F1802F01AFC7AE0AB7D67425E02A" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">2002</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="351AE962D7D117B8A3850D1FD0021FC8" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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<paragraph id="C2F4974797C12343A3C57FB14632363F" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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Figure 68.
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<taxonomicName id="85524936531FFBCC250AED002EA006DF" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ungla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ungla pallescens" order="Neuroptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallescens">Ungla pallescens</taxonomicName>
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Penny: External features, (a) head, prothorax, dorsolateral, dorsal (b) head, thorax, dorsal (c) head, dorsal (d) head, frontal (e) head, lateral (f) head, ventral (g, h) body, lateral (all: Costa Rica, Monteverde, paratypes, CAS;
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<normalizedToken id="72525FCBBB726A425AFB1517928EC82E" originalValue="a–g">a-g</normalizedToken>
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female; h male, slightly teneral).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="750921C381D9258A8AFB38C571A900EE" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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<paragraph id="7D343349C919C4EE3E6E46DF150D2736" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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Figure 69.
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<taxonomicName id="91366F8F1D77D798223E00723D416B54" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ungla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ungla pallescens" order="Neuroptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallescens">Ungla pallescens</taxonomicName>
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Penny: Wings (Costa Rica, Monteverde, paratype, male, CAS).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="23A05F79B307FAE2B4CEFF074753E43A" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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<paragraph id="B801DD71F510A57C655E7F3F2A4F6FC1" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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Figure 70.
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<taxonomicName id="71A59E249F221FEBAB42F5A515DAEF9F" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ungla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ungla pallescens" order="Neuroptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallescens">Ungla pallescens</taxonomicName>
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Penny: Male abdomen and genitalia (slightly teneral), (a) segments A7-terminus, lateral (b) segments A8-terminus, lateral (c) segments A8, T9+ectoproct, dorsal (d) sternite 8+9, ventral (e) T9+ectoproct, lateral (f) gonarcal complex, lateral [insert: hypandrium internum, dorsal; same scale as gonarcus]. c.c. callus cerci d.ap. apodeme on ventral margin of T9+ectoproct gsac gonosaccus g.ap. gonarcal apodeme g.br. gonarcal bridge g.c. gonarcal complex h.i. hypandrium internum inv invaginated dorsal cleft in T9+ectoproct mu mediuncus pr unarticulated process on frontal margin of gonarcal apodeme sp spiracle S8+9 fused eighth and ninth sternites T7, T8 seventh and eighth tergites T9+e ninth tergite + ectoproct (Costa Rica, Monteverde, paratype, CAS).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="42CF02E1D5919C0D76FF25E7752394F3" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="description">
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<paragraph id="BEB98E9AEF3E991E2CD8DB1E8DA2136A" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A9D561747CEB306E85231900F7237A6E" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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See
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<bibRefCitation id="E722696B0A0D0BB67C11999D26D1BC58" author="Penny, ND" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Neuropterology" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="55 - 78" title="New Chrysopinae from Costa Rica (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)." volume="1" year="1998">Penny (1998)</bibRefCitation>
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. Head. Measurements: head width: 1.5 mm; ratio head width: eye width: 0.6: 1; prothorax width: 0.75 mm, length: 1.0 mm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8CC16FD708CDAA53DDEAF233A9A07DA5" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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Forewing, hindwing delicate; forewing rounded apically; hindwing tapered, but rounded apically; membrane entirely clear, without markings or fumose areas; stigma clear; all veins light green, unmarked. Forewing with Rs straight; im1 ovate; first gradate vein meeting Psm; longitudinal veins (especially base of Rs, Psc of the male) slightly thicker than other veins. Forewing 13.1-13.2 mm long, 4.8 mm wide (ratio, L: W = 2.8: 1); height of tallest costal cell 1.0 mm (cell number 8); width of first intramedian cell 1.0 mm; 11-12 radial cells (closed cells between R and Rs); third gradate cell 1.6 mm long, 0.4 mm wide (ratio, L: W = 4.1: 1); fourth gradate cell 1.4 mm long, 0.4 mm wide (ratio, L: W = 3.5: 1); 4 Banksian cells (b cells), 4
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<normalizedToken id="3C32ADF99BB15E54F7B84F110DE3474C" originalValue="b’">b'</normalizedToken>
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cells; 5-6 inner gradates, 7-8 outer gradates. Hindwing 11.9-12.1 mm long, 3.9 mm wide (ratio, L: W = 3.1: 1), 11 radial cells, 3 Banksian (b) cells, 4
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<normalizedToken id="97FED91E8645E222B552043A83C8A45C" originalValue="b’">b'</normalizedToken>
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cells, 5 inner gradates, 7 outer gradates.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1B621CFCE8C3D3C5489DD2B44544508C" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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Male (paratype, slightly teneral). Abdomen with unenlarged spiracles (e.g., A7: spiracle diameter ~0.06
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<normalizedToken id="2577E87127EDACD6FDE6A3F19C2C3EAE" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length of sternite); subanal plate obscured; T9+ectoproct moderately long (~0.5
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<normalizedToken id="79425A76CF5E8C164A50653EC8EA1622" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length of T7), with dorsal invagination deep (~0.8
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<normalizedToken id="47E304A1AAD8381AEBCA0B9449F458AA" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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dorsal length of T9+ect), margins of invagination almost straight, base rounded; dorsal margin of T9+ect convex, curving downward, melding into descending distal margin; posterior margin of ectoproct slightly rounded, tip subacute, without protruding knob; ventral margin of T9+ect convex, with distinct, curved apodeme extending along entire length; posterior margin of T9+ect straight; callus cerci large, ovate, margin sclerotized throughout; sclerotization contiguous with that on ventral margin of ectoproct. S8+9 fused, with line of fusion apparent; dorsal margin (lateral view) without apodeme, with very slight taper, small hump, then stronger taper distally; terminus rounded (lateral view), slightly convex (ventral view), not extending much beyond T9+ect; terminal setae long, some along upper lateral edge of S8+9 with small flanges, otherwise simple. Gonarcus (teneral) arcuate, U-shaped, with bridge slender, curved throughout, arms elongate, extending ventrobasally from gonarcal bridge, rounded distally, mesal section with elongate digitiform process extending posteromesally; mediuncus broad basally, tapering to straight, rounded projection,
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<pageBreakToken id="AC343FBD886DEC93F05369E988703B75" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" start="start">with</pageBreakToken>
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pair of internal rods extending length of projection; tip of mediuncus rounded, with slight knob; gonosaccus bilobed (mostly unexpanded in the paratype), each lobe with large maleable patch of elongate gonosetae arising from enlarged setal bases, facing medially (not as in Fig. 52 of
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<bibRefCitation id="BE5BAA763A6E8E98F0095F3B23570B54" author="Penny, ND" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Neuropterology" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="55 - 78" title="New Chrysopinae from Costa Rica (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)." volume="1" year="1998">Penny 1998</bibRefCitation>
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: 71, but see his description); hypandrium internum V-shaped with rounded apex, arms curved distally.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8CEE35F7D79305AC2F261323A16C32E7" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="166DBBA4969791B92521173E5D6F37DA" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Known distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3EC817B9A2AF8F2B04210EFDC8BAEECD" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">COSTA RICA: Province of Puntarenas. PERU: Province of Lambayeque [tentative].</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B4E384B1A9D7E6CD13A66A065ECE0742" lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="84A0E0D6DBE666064433A92DDE2AA868" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7E6CAEEC1366E07844FD1F199F621FD1" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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Two paratypes with same data as holotype (1M, 1F, CAS). Peru. Lambayeque: 28 km E. Olmos,
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<normalizedToken id="AACD0394533A659F0058D5C1CE3370FB" originalValue="Marañón">Maranon</normalizedToken>
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Hwy. Rest. El Salvador, Alt. 1150m, 4/I/1964, P. J. Hutchison & J. K. Wright (M, teneral, CAS).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DD4FE309212A3C06A4A45D87237EE308" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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Note 1: The above male specimen from Peru expresses almost all of the characteristics that distinguish
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<taxonomicName id="D486CC8B73B1C83DC5E3C0383297650C" lsidName="U. pallescens" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" rank="species" species="pallescens">U. pallescens</taxonomicName>
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(gena unmarked, distal palpomeres dark, abdominal spiracles small, venation pale and genital characteristics). The one exception is that the markings on the vertex are small and spot-like. Unfortunately, the wings are broken at about midlength and the genitalia are teneral (as they are on the male paratype of
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<taxonomicName id="CB1A419F9DF12BE5C3D1F4A5AB98CFB3" lsidName="U. pallescens" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" rank="species" species="pallescens">U. pallescens</taxonomicName>
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that we studied). Thus, at this time we consider our identification of this specimen (and the range extension for the species) as tentative.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="43E2B035411669F68AEB1D564DEB6187" lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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Note 2: We have seen female specimens from Bolivia that resemble
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<taxonomicName id="614E11FAE9EE88BE37B71D8C1585F994" lsidName="U. pallescens" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" rank="species" species="pallescens">U. pallescens</taxonomicName>
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or perhaps
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<taxonomicName id="AD93AB1F6A7BE81A7AAF7C53D4107AD5" lsidName="U. chacranella" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" rank="species" species="chacranella">U. chacranella</taxonomicName>
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in their pale, lightly colored bodies, green venation, size, etc. (see Figs 71, 72). However, the gena has a very distinct dark brown/black
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<pageBreakToken id="6B9E5CD125DA801677BA2EB559880B7E" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" start="start">stripe</pageBreakToken>
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, and the pedicel has a brown ring around the circumference - both characteristics lacking from
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<taxonomicName id="D929A4FCD862D6538DB2D0554B9AFC69" lsidName="U. pallescens" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="pallescens">U. pallescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
; the genal mark is present on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="56F3BA1B547393EBD0F809D0AD3545F6" lsidName="U. chacranella" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="chacranella">U. chacranella</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but not the ring on the pedicel. Unfortunately, there were no male specimens in
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="180C173B5C0344E7420BC2DA33EFCAD3" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" start="start">the</pageBreakToken>
|
||
series from Bolivia, and we were unable to identify them. The locality data and depository for these specimens are: Bolivia, Cochabamba, 5.iii.1981, D. Foster, blacklight (11F, FSCA).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="75D810237C5660580344797B55B6A363" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<paragraph id="37E8414BCC5D55CA1163035FAC2E41D7" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
Figure 71.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5F2A027701C7ACC81DBA7A3C8035A1BB" authority="species" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ungla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ungla pallescens" order="Neuroptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallescens">Ungla species near pallescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
Penny: External features, (a, b) head, frontal (c) head, prothorax, dorsal (d) head, prothorax, lateral (e) head, partial thorax, dorsal (f) head, partial thorax, lateral (g) head, thorax, lateral (Bolivia, Cochabamba, female, FSCA).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="86866E08D9A85903F277E726032CF629" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<paragraph id="696602B7E1700B41892110BC01CF274B" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
Figure 72.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AE0A710EE49E6AB7F2D25224E46B75D3" authority="species" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Ungla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ungla pallescens" order="Neuroptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallescens">Ungla species near pallescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
Penny: Wings (Bolivia, Cochabamba, female, FSCA).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |