288 lines
41 KiB
XML
288 lines
41 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.449.6813" ID-PMC="PMC4233396" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-449-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="6920FF8C5744C128FF87527A336C6949" ID-PubMed="25408612" ID-Zenodo-Dep="578570" ID-ZooBank="75DDC58463EB4BF1BBF908C1D2954CAC" ModsDocID="1313-2970-449-1" checkinTime="1451245204622" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Gondim, Anne Isabelley, Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey & Pereira Dias, Thelma Lucia" docDate="2014" docId="54C25BFAE09BD2A8F0CDD31CCE4D2F70" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 449: 1-56" docOrigin="ZooKeys 449" docPubDate="2014-10-22" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.449.6813" docTitle="Luidia clathrata" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="6920FF8C5744C128FF87527A336C6949" lastPageNumber="5" masterDocId="6920FF8C5744C128FF87527A336C6949" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic guide and historical review of starfishes in northeastern Brazil (Echinodermata, Asteroidea)" masterLastPageNumber="56" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1668159529239" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomic guide and historical review of starfishes in northeastern Brazil (Echinodermata, Asteroidea)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gondim, Anne Isabelley</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Biologicas (Zoologia), Departamento de Sistematica e Ecologia, Laboratorio de Invertebrados Marinhos Paulo Young, Bairro Cidade Universitaria s / n, CEP. 58059 - 900, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brasil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">anneisabelley@yahoo.com.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Biologicas (Zoologia), Departamento de Sistematica e Ecologia, Laboratorio de Invertebrados Marinhos Paulo Young, Bairro Cidade Universitaria s / n, CEP. 58059 - 900, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brasil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pereira Dias, Thelma Lucia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade Estadual da Paraiba, CCBS, Departamento de Biologia, Laboratorio de Biologia Marinha, Campus I, Rua Baraunas, 351, Bairro Universitario, CEP 58429 - 500, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2014-10-22</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>449</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>56</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.449.6813</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.449.6813</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-449-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">75DDC58463EB4BF1BBF908C1D2954CAC</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">6920FF8C5744C128FF87527A336C6949</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">578570</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152056072" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:54C25BFAE09BD2A8F0CDD31CCE4D2F70" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/54C25BFAE09BD2A8F0CDD31CCE4D2F70" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName LSID="54C25BFA-E09B-D2A8-F0CD-D31CCE4D2F70" authority="(Say, 1825)" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1825" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Luidia clathrata" order="Paxillosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="clathrata">Luidia clathrata (Say, 1825)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Some species of the family Luidiidae recorded in northeastern Brazil. Luidia alternata alternata (A-D). A Abactinal view, in detail the paxilla B Actinal view, in detail the pedicellariae C Abactinal view of the arm D Actinal view of the arm; Luidia clathrata (E-H) E Abactinal view F Actinal view, in detail the mouth G Abactinal view of the arm, in detail the paxilla, and H Actinal view of the arm." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figure 3e-h</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Asterias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asterias clathrata" order="Paxillosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="clathrata">Asterias clathrata</taxonomicName>
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Say, 1825: 142.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Luidia clathratta" order="Paxillosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="clathratta">Luidia clathratta</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lütken">Luetken</normalizedToken>
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, 1859: 37-39.
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<bibRefCitation author="Rathbun, R" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Science" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="139 - 151" refId="B122" refString="Rathbun, R, 1879. A List of the Brazilian echinoderms, with notes on their distribution, etc. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Science 5: 139 - 151" title="A List of the Brazilian echinoderms, with notes on their distribution, etc." volume="5" year="1879">Rathbun 1879</bibRefCitation>
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: 150.
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<bibRefCitation author="Bernasconi, I" journalOrPublisher="Physis" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 20" refId="B15" refString="Bernasconi, I, 1943. Los Asteroideos sulamericanos de la familia Luidiidae. In: Anales del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales.: 1 - 20" title="Los Asteroideos sulamericanos de la familia Luidiidae." volumeTitle="Anales del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales." year="1943">Bernasconi 1943</bibRefCitation>
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: 6-7.
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<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de Biologia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 61" refId="B134" refString="Tommasi, LR, 1970. Lista de asteroides recentes do Brasil. In: Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 61" title="Lista de asteroides recentes do Brasil." volumeTitle="Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1970">Tommasi 1970</bibRefCitation>
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: 8.
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<bibRefCitation author="Magalhaes, WF" journalOrPublisher="Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="375 - 381" refId="B84" refString="Magalhaes, WF, Martins, LR, Alves, OFS, 2005. Inventario dos Echinodermata do Estado da Bahia. Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology 40: 375 - 381" title="Inventario dos Echinodermata do Estado da Bahia." volume="40" year="2005">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Magalhães">Magalhaes</normalizedToken>
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et al. 2005
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 63.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1825" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Luidia clathrata" order="Paxillosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="clathrata">Luidia clathrata</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lütken">Luetken</normalizedToken>
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, 1859: 37.
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<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Revista do Instituto de Geociencias da USP, Sao Paulo" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 27" refId="B132" refString="Tommasi, LR, 1958. Os equinodermos do litoral de Sao Paulo. In: Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 27" title="Os equinodermos do litoral de Sao Paulo." volumeTitle="Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1958">Tommasi 1958</bibRefCitation>
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: 9, pl. 2, fig. 1;
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<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de Biologia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 61" refId="B134" refString="Tommasi, LR, 1970. Lista de asteroides recentes do Brasil. In: Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 61" title="Lista de asteroides recentes do Brasil." volumeTitle="Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1970">1970</bibRefCitation>
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: 8, fig. 22.
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<bibRefCitation author="Brito, IM" journalOrPublisher="Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 10" refId="B21" refString="Brito, IM, 1962. Ensaio de catalogo dos equinodermas do Brasil. Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos: 1 - 10" title="Ensaio de catalogo dos equinodermas do Brasil" year="1962">Brito 1962</bibRefCitation>
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: 4;
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<bibRefCitation author="Brito, IM" journalOrPublisher="Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 51" refId="B22" refString="Brito, IM, 1968. Asteroides e equinoides do Estado da Guanabara e adjacencias. In: Boletim do Museu Nacional.: 1 - 51" title="Asteroides e equinoides do Estado da Guanabara e adjacencias." volumeTitle="Boletim do Museu Nacional." year="1968">1968</bibRefCitation>
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: 11-12, pl. 2, fig. 2.
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<bibRefCitation author="Carrera-Rodriguez, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="51 - 130" publicationUrl="10.1590/S0373-55241977000100004" refId="B26" refString="Carrera-Rodriguez, CJ, Tommasi, LR, 1977. Asteroidea de la plataforma continental de Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil), colecionados durante los viajes del N/Oc. "Prof. W. Besnard" para el proyecto Rio Grande do Sul. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico 26: 51 - 130, DOI: 10.1590/S0373-55241977000100004" title="Asteroidea de la plataforma continental de Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil), colecionados durante los viajes del N / Oc. " Prof. W. Besnard " para el proyecto Rio Grande do Sul." url="10.1590/S0373-55241977000100004" volume="26" year="1977">Carrera-Rodriguez and Tommasi 1977</bibRefCitation>
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: 63-64.
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<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de Biologia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 9" refId="B138" refString="Tommasi, LR, Aron, MA, 1987. Equinodermes dos bancos submarinos da cadeia de montanhas Vitoria-Trindade. In: Relatorios Internos do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 9" title="Equinodermes dos bancos submarinos da cadeia de montanhas Vitoria-Trindade." volumeTitle="Relatorios Internos do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1987">Tommasi and Aron 1987</bibRefCitation>
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: 3.
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<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de Biologia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 11" refId="B136" refString="Tommasi, LR, Castro,, SM, Sousa, EC, 1988. Echinodermata coletados durante as campanhas oceanograficas do N/Oc. "Almirante Saldanha" no Atlantico Sul Ocidental. In: Relatorios Internos do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 11" title="Echinodermata coletados durante as campanhas oceanograficas do N / Oc. " Almirante Saldanha " no Atlantico Sul Ocidental." volumeTitle="Relatorios Internos do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1988">Tommasi et al. 1988</bibRefCitation>
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: 6.
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<bibRefCitation author="Magalhaes, WF" journalOrPublisher="Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="375 - 381" refId="B84" refString="Magalhaes, WF, Martins, LR, Alves, OFS, 2005. Inventario dos Echinodermata do Estado da Bahia. Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology 40: 375 - 381" title="Inventario dos Echinodermata do Estado da Bahia." volume="40" year="2005">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Magalhães">Magalhaes</normalizedToken>
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et al. 2005
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 63.
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<bibRefCitation author="Ventura, CRR" editor="Lavrado, HP" journalOrPublisher="Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="B143" refString="Ventura, CRR, Verissimo, I, Nobre, CC, Zama, PC, 2007. Filo Echinodermata. In: Lavrado, HP, Viana, MS, Eds., Atlas de invertebrados marinhos da regiao central da zona economica exclusiva brasileira. Parte 1. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro" title="Filo Echinodermata." volumeTitle="Atlas de invertebrados marinhos da regiao central da zona economica exclusiva brasileira. Parte 1." year="2007">Ventura et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
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: 237.
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<bibRefCitation author="Manso, CLC" journalOrPublisher="Biota Neotropica" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="179 - 196" publicationUrl="10.1590/S1676-06032008000300017" refId="B89" refString="Manso, CLC, Alves, OF, Martins, LR, 2008. Echinodermata da Baia de Todos os Santos e da Baia de Aratu (Bahia, Brasil). Biota Neotropica 8: 179 - 196, DOI: 10.1590/S1676-06032008000300017" title="Echinodermata da Baia de Todos os Santos e da Baia de Aratu (Bahia, Brasil)." url="10.1590/S1676-06032008000300017" volume="8" year="2008">Manso et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
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: 185, fig. 7a-e.
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<bibRefCitation author="Lima, EJB" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Zoociencias" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="55 - 63" refId="B71" refString="Lima, EJB, Fernandes, MLB, 2009. Diversidade de equinodermos (Echinodermata) no Estado de Pernambuco (Brasil). Revista Brasileira de Zoociencias 11: 55 - 63" title="Diversidade de equinodermos (Echinodermata) no Estado de Pernambuco (Brasil)." volume="11" year="2009">Lima and Fernandes 2009</bibRefCitation>
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: 58.
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<bibRefCitation author="Xavier, LAR" journalOrPublisher="Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="73 - 78" publicationUrl="10.14210/bjast.v14n2.p73-78" refId="B157" refString="Xavier, LAR, 2010. Inventario dos equinodermos do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology 14: 73 - 78, DOI: 10.14210/bjast.v14n2.p73-78" title="Inventario dos equinodermos do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil." url="10.14210/bjast.v14n2.p73-78" volume="14" year="2010">Xavier 2010</bibRefCitation>
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: 75.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraíba">Paraiba</normalizedToken>
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:
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<geoCoordinate degrees="6" direction="south" minutes="57" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-6.95">6°57'S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="west" minutes="41" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-34.683334">34°41'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 2 spec., UFPB/ECH.875, 12.II.1981, 26m.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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Probably no longer existant (
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<bibRefCitation author="Clark, AM" journalOrPublisher="Chapman & Hall, London, UK" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="B33" refString="Clark, AM, Downey, ME, 1992. Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman & Hall Identification Guides, 3. Chapman & Hall, London, UK" title="Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman & Hall Identification Guides, 3." year="1992">Clark and Downey 1992</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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Five long and narrow arms (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Some species of the family Luidiidae recorded in northeastern Brazil. Luidia alternata alternata (A-D). A Abactinal view, in detail the paxilla B Actinal view, in detail the pedicellariae C Abactinal view of the arm D Actinal view of the arm; Luidia clathrata (E-H) E Abactinal view F Actinal view, in detail the mouth G Abactinal view of the arm, in detail the paxilla, and H Actinal view of the arm." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">3e, f</figureCitation>
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). Abactinal surface paxillar. Lateral paxillae quadrangular, forming three regular rows (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Some species of the family Luidiidae recorded in northeastern Brazil. Luidia alternata alternata (A-D). A Abactinal view, in detail the paxilla B Actinal view, in detail the pedicellariae C Abactinal view of the arm D Actinal view of the arm; Luidia clathrata (E-H) E Abactinal view F Actinal view, in detail the mouth G Abactinal view of the arm, in detail the paxilla, and H Actinal view of the arm." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">3g</figureCitation>
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). Carinal paxillae small, smaller than lateral paxillae. Dorsal paxillae rounded, small, with 1-6 short, blunt, central spinelets and 6-18 slender, marginal spinelets. Inferomarginal figs with two long, pointed, conical spines (~2.58 mm), positioned vertically, the inferior one the largest. Actinal surface with inferomarginal figs densely covered with flattened, lanceolate spines (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Some species of the family Luidiidae recorded in northeastern Brazil. Luidia alternata alternata (A-D). A Abactinal view, in detail the paxilla B Actinal view, in detail the pedicellariae C Abactinal view of the arm D Actinal view of the arm; Luidia clathrata (E-H) E Abactinal view F Actinal view, in detail the mouth G Abactinal view of the arm, in detail the paxilla, and H Actinal view of the arm." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">3f</figureCitation>
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). A row of short, actinolateral figs, with 1-3 short, lanceolate, divergent spines. Ambulacral figs with three spines placed vertically (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Some species of the family Luidiidae recorded in northeastern Brazil. Luidia alternata alternata (A-D). A Abactinal view, in detail the paxilla B Actinal view, in detail the pedicellariae C Abactinal view of the arm D Actinal view of the arm; Luidia clathrata (E-H) E Abactinal view F Actinal view, in detail the mouth G Abactinal view of the arm, in detail the paxilla, and H Actinal view of the arm." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">3h</figureCitation>
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). The adambulacral spine is the smallest, being slightly curved and compressed. Of the two subambulacral spines, the inner one is longer and thicker than the outer spine. Oral spines long (~1.32 mm), thin and pointed, forming dense tufts on the inner angle of the jaw (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Some species of the family Luidiidae recorded in northeastern Brazil. Luidia alternata alternata (A-D). A Abactinal view, in detail the paxilla B Actinal view, in detail the pedicellariae C Abactinal view of the arm D Actinal view of the arm; Luidia clathrata (E-H) E Abactinal view F Actinal view, in detail the mouth G Abactinal view of the arm, in detail the paxilla, and H Actinal view of the arm." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">3f</figureCitation>
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). Ocular fig granulose and elongate.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Colour.</emphasis>
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Abactinal surface bluish-gray, frequently with a darker line occupying the carinal region of the arm and disk.
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<bibRefCitation author="Hendler, G" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="B55" refString="Hendler, G, Miller, JE, Pawson, DL, Kier, PM, 1995. Sea stars, sea urchins and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington" title="Sea stars, sea urchins and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean." year="1995">Hendler et al. (1995)</bibRefCitation>
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cite other colour patters for the abactinal surface: brown, rose and salmon. Actinal surface white or cream-coloured.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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Bermuda, Gulf of Mexico, Belize, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, and Brazil (
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<bibRefCitation author="Downey, ME" journalOrPublisher="Smithson Contribution to Zoology" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 168" publicationUrl="10.5479/si.00810282.126" refId="B39" refString="Downey, ME, 1973. Starfishes from the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico. Smithson Contribution to Zoology 126: 1 - 168, DOI: 10.5479/si.00810282.126" title="Starfishes from the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico." url="10.5479/si.00810282.126" volume="126" year="1973">Downey 1973</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation author="Hendler, G" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="B55" refString="Hendler, G, Miller, JE, Pawson, DL, Kier, PM, 1995. Sea stars, sea urchins and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington" title="Sea stars, sea urchins and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean." year="1995">Hendler et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation author="Alvarado, JJ" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Biologia Tropical" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="37 - 55" refId="B4" refString="Alvarado, JJ, Solis-Marin, FA, Ahearn, C, 2008. Equinodermos (Echinodermata) del Caribe Centroamericano. Revista de Biologia Tropical 56: 37 - 55" title="Equinodermos (Echinodermata) del Caribe Centroamericano." volume="56" year="2008">Alvarado et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation author="Benavides-Serrato, M" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Biologia Tropical" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="171 - 194" refId="B11" refString="Benavides-Serrato, M, Borrero-Perez, GH, Solano, OD, Navas, GR, 2005. Listado taxonomico de los asteroideos (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) de la plataforma y talud superior del Caribe colombiano. Revista de Biologia Tropical 53: 171 - 194" title="Listado taxonomico de los asteroideos (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) de la plataforma y talud superior del Caribe colombiano." volume="53" year="2005">Benavides-Serrato et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
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). In Brazil: PE, BA, RJ, SP, and SC (
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<bibRefCitation author="Rathbun, R" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Science" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="139 - 151" refId="B122" refString="Rathbun, R, 1879. A List of the Brazilian echinoderms, with notes on their distribution, etc. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Science 5: 139 - 151" title="A List of the Brazilian echinoderms, with notes on their distribution, etc." volume="5" year="1879">Rathbun 1879</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation author="Bernasconi, I" journalOrPublisher="Physis" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 20" refId="B15" refString="Bernasconi, I, 1943. Los Asteroideos sulamericanos de la familia Luidiidae. In: Anales del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales.: 1 - 20" title="Los Asteroideos sulamericanos de la familia Luidiidae." volumeTitle="Anales del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales." year="1943">Bernasconi 1943</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Revista do Instituto de Geociencias da USP, Sao Paulo" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 27" refId="B132" refString="Tommasi, LR, 1958. Os equinodermos do litoral de Sao Paulo. In: Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 27" title="Os equinodermos do litoral de Sao Paulo." volumeTitle="Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1958">Tommasi 1958</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de Biologia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 61" refId="B134" refString="Tommasi, LR, 1970. Lista de asteroides recentes do Brasil. In: Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 61" title="Lista de asteroides recentes do Brasil." volumeTitle="Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1970">1970</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation author="Brito, IM" journalOrPublisher="Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 13" refId="B20" refString="Brito, IM, 1960. Asteroides dos Estados do Rio de Janeiro e de Sao Paulo. Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos: 1 - 13" title="Asteroides dos Estados do Rio de Janeiro e de Sao Paulo." year="1960">Brito 1960</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Brito, IM" journalOrPublisher="Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 10" refId="B21" refString="Brito, IM, 1962. Ensaio de catalogo dos equinodermas do Brasil. Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos: 1 - 10" title="Ensaio de catalogo dos equinodermas do Brasil" year="1962">1962</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Walenkamp, JHC" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Verhandelingen" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 91" refId="B153" refString="Walenkamp, JHC, 1976. The asteroids of the coastal waters of Surinam. Zoologische Verhandelingen 147: 1 - 91" title="The asteroids of the coastal waters of Surinam." volume="147" year="1976">Walenkamp 1976</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Magalhaes, WF" journalOrPublisher="Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="375 - 381" refId="B84" refString="Magalhaes, WF, Martins, LR, Alves, OFS, 2005. Inventario dos Echinodermata do Estado da Bahia. Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology 40: 375 - 381" title="Inventario dos Echinodermata do Estado da Bahia." volume="40" year="2005">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Magalhães">Magalhaes</normalizedToken>
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et al. 2005
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Lima, EJB" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Zoociencias" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="55 - 63" refId="B71" refString="Lima, EJB, Fernandes, MLB, 2009. Diversidade de equinodermos (Echinodermata) no Estado de Pernambuco (Brasil). Revista Brasileira de Zoociencias 11: 55 - 63" title="Diversidade de equinodermos (Echinodermata) no Estado de Pernambuco (Brasil)." volume="11" year="2009">Lima and Fernandes 2009</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Xavier, LAR" journalOrPublisher="Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="73 - 78" publicationUrl="10.14210/bjast.v14n2.p73-78" refId="B157" refString="Xavier, LAR, 2010. Inventario dos equinodermos do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology 14: 73 - 78, DOI: 10.14210/bjast.v14n2.p73-78" title="Inventario dos equinodermos do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil." url="10.14210/bjast.v14n2.p73-78" volume="14" year="2010">Xavier 2010</bibRefCitation>
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). This study records the species for the first time in the State of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraíba">Paraiba</normalizedToken>
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. From intertidal to 175 m in depth (
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<bibRefCitation author="Ventura, CRR" editor="Lavrado, HP" journalOrPublisher="Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="B143" refString="Ventura, CRR, Verissimo, I, Nobre, CC, Zama, PC, 2007. Filo Echinodermata. In: Lavrado, HP, Viana, MS, Eds., Atlas de invertebrados marinhos da regiao central da zona economica exclusiva brasileira. Parte 1. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro" title="Filo Echinodermata." volumeTitle="Atlas de invertebrados marinhos da regiao central da zona economica exclusiva brasileira. Parte 1." year="2007">Ventura et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
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), being most common in depths under 40 m (
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<bibRefCitation author="Hendler, G" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="B55" refString="Hendler, G, Miller, JE, Pawson, DL, Kier, PM, 1995. Sea stars, sea urchins and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington" title="Sea stars, sea urchins and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean." year="1995">Hendler et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1825" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Luidia clathrata" order="Paxillosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="clathrata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Luidia clathrata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs from
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<taxonomicName authority="alternata" authorityName="alternata (Say" authorityYear="1825" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Luidia alternata subsp. alternata" order="Paxillosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="alternata" subSpecies="alternata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Luidia alternata alternata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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for not having the abactinal surface spinulose. It differs from
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Luidia senegalensis" order="Paxillosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="senegalensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Luidia senegalensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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for having only 5 arms and from
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Bell" authorityYear="1917" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Luidia ludwigi subsp. scotti" order="Paxillosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="ludwigi" subSpecies="scotti">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Luidia ludwigi scotti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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for not having pedicellariae. According to
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<bibRefCitation author="Walenkamp, JHC" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Verhandelingen" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 91" refId="B153" refString="Walenkamp, JHC, 1976. The asteroids of the coastal waters of Surinam. Zoologische Verhandelingen 147: 1 - 91" title="The asteroids of the coastal waters of Surinam." volume="147" year="1976">Walenkamp (1976)</bibRefCitation>
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, the number of central spinelets on the paxillae and of inferomarginal spines increases with ontological development, the maximum numbers being, respectively, 7 and 3. In this study the examined specimen had only two inferomarginal spines, and 1-6 central spinelets on the paxillae. These characters indicate a juvenile individual. According to
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<bibRefCitation author="Hendler, G" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="B55" refString="Hendler, G, Miller, JE, Pawson, DL, Kier, PM, 1995. Sea stars, sea urchins and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington" title="Sea stars, sea urchins and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean." year="1995">Hendler et al. (1995)</bibRefCitation>
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, adult individuals may attain 20 to 30 cm in disk diameter.
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<bibRefCitation author="Knott, KE" editor="Mooi, R" journalOrPublisher="A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="253 - 257" refId="B66" refString="Knott, KE, Hopkins, TS, 1998. Morphological and biochemical variation in two color morphs of Luidia clathrata. In: Mooi, R, Telford, M, Eds., Echinoderms: San Francisco. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam: 253 - 257" title="Morphological and biochemical variation in two color morphs of Luidia clathrata." volumeTitle="Echinoderms: San Francisco." year="1998">Knott and Hopkins (1998)</bibRefCitation>
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recognized two morphotypes of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1825" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Luidia clathrata" order="Paxillosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="clathrata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Luidia clathrata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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for the Colombian Caribbean, one with a gray colour and the other with three colours, which were separated by
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<bibRefCitation author="Hopkins, TS" editor="Harris, LR" journalOrPublisher="A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="207 - 212" refId="B56" refString="Hopkins, TS, Knott, KE, 2010. The establisment of a neotype for Luidia clathrata (Say, 1825) and a new species within the genus Luidia (Asteroidea: Paxillosida: Luidiidae). In: Harris, LR, Ed., Echinoderms: New Hampshire. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam: 207 - 212" title="The establisment of a neotype for Luidia clathrata (Say, 1825) and a new species within the genus Luidia (Asteroidea: Paxillosida: Luidiidae)." volumeTitle="Echinoderms: New Hampshire." year="2010">Hopkins and Knott (2010)</bibRefCitation>
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into
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1825" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Luidia clathrata" order="Paxillosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="clathrata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Luidia clathrata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hopkins & Knott" authorityYear="2010" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Luidia lawrencei" order="Paxillosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lawrencei">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Luidia lawrencei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
. Those authors also established and described a neotype for
|
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1825" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Luidia clathrata" order="Paxillosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="clathrata">
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|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Luidia clathrata</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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|
</subSubSection>
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|
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="ecological notes">
|
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ecological notes.</paragraph>
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|
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
|
This species lives in sandy or muddy areas with low hydrodynamism near the coast, such as bays and lagoons, and is also found in mangroves and regions with low salinity. Further away from the coast, it lives in substrates with sand, mud and gravel (
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|
<bibRefCitation author="Machado, ABM" journalOrPublisher="Livro vermelho da fauna brasileira ameacada de extincao. (Serie Biodiversidade 19)" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="B81" refString="Machado, ABM, Drummond, GM, Paglia, AP, 2008. . Livro vermelho da fauna brasileira ameacada de extincao. (Serie Biodiversidade 19) Vol. I" volume="Vol. I" year="2008">Machado et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
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,
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|
<bibRefCitation author="Benavides-Serrato, M" journalOrPublisher="Serie de Publicaciones Especiales de Invemar, 22. Santa Marta" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="B12" refString="Benavides-Serrato, M, Borrero-Perez, GH, Dias Sanchez, CM, 2011. Equinodermos del Caribe colombiano I: Crinoidea, Asteroidea y Ophiuroidea. Serie de Publicaciones Especiales de Invemar, 22. Santa Marta" title="Equinodermos del Caribe colombiano I: Crinoidea, Asteroidea y Ophiuroidea." year="2011">Benavides-Serrato et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). It feeds on a great variety of prey, including molluscs, crustaceans, and ophiuroids (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Hendler, G" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="B55" refString="Hendler, G, Miller, JE, Pawson, DL, Kier, PM, 1995. Sea stars, sea urchins and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington" title="Sea stars, sea urchins and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean." year="1995">Hendler et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
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|
). Like
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|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1825" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Luidia alternata" order="Paxillosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="alternata">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Luidia alternata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Luidia senegalensis" order="Paxillosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="senegalensis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Luidia senegalensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Ludia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ludia clathrata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clathrata">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ludia clathrata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is host for the small polychaete
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1873" class="Polychaeta" family="Hesionidae" genus="Podarke" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Podarke obscura" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="obscura">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Podarke obscura</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Verrill, 1873, that lives in the interior of its ambulacral groove.
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1825" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Luidia clathrata" order="Paxillosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="clathrata">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Luidia clathrata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
may form dense populations, and is thus frequently captured in trawling nets used in shrimp fisheries (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="McClintock, JB" journalOrPublisher="Oecologia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="291 - 298" refId="B96" refString="McClintock, JB, Lawrence, JM, 1985. Characteristics of foraging in the soft-bottom benthic starfish Luidia clathrata (Echinodermata: Asteroidea): prey selectivity, switching behavior, functional responses and movement patterns. Oecologia 66: 291 - 298" title="Characteristics of foraging in the soft-bottom benthic starfish Luidia clathrata (Echinodermata: Asteroidea): prey selectivity, switching behavior, functional responses and movement patterns." volume="66" year="1985">McClintock and Lawrence 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
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,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Hendler, G" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="B55" refString="Hendler, G, Miller, JE, Pawson, DL, Kier, PM, 1995. Sea stars, sea urchins and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington" title="Sea stars, sea urchins and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean." year="1995">Hendler et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Presently it is considered to be a species vulnerable to extinction along the Brazilian coast (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Machado, ABM" journalOrPublisher="Livro vermelho da fauna brasileira ameacada de extincao. (Serie Biodiversidade 19)" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="B81" refString="Machado, ABM, Drummond, GM, Paglia, AP, 2008. . Livro vermelho da fauna brasileira ameacada de extincao. (Serie Biodiversidade 19) Vol. I" volume="Vol. I" year="2008">Machado et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
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|
</document> |