190 lines
14 KiB
XML
190 lines
14 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83034" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2193-0074-1-187" ID-Pensoft-UUID="86764B0ACD9453CD965B288014B441CD" ID-ZooBank="6402F8F152294153823FCAEA106F90A1" ModsDocID="2193-0074-25-1-187" checkinTime="1667366246929" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Spasojevic, Tamara, Broad, Gavin R. & Klopfstein, Seraina" docDate="2022" docId="54ACF8C1C3AA594BB8D6528113AC92FC" docLanguage="en" docName="FossilRecord 25(1): 187-212" docOrigin="Fossil Record 25 (1)" docPubDate="2022-06-07" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83034" docTitle="Zagryphus tilloyi Spasojevic & Broad & Klopfstein 2022, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="86764B0ACD9453CD965B288014B441CD" lastPageNumber="187" masterDocId="86764B0ACD9453CD965B288014B441CD" masterDocTitle="Revision of 18 ichneumonid fossil species (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) highlights the need for open nomenclature in palaeontology" masterLastPageNumber="212" masterPageNumber="187" pageNumber="187" updateTime="1667366246929" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of 18 ichneumonid fossil species (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) highlights the need for open nomenclature in palaeontology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Spasojevic, Tamara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5301-5722</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, Augustinergasse 2, Basel, Switzerland & Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Broad, Gavin R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7223-5333</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 6 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Klopfstein, Seraina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4025-975X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, Augustinergasse 2, Basel, Switzerland & Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">seraina.klopfstein@bs.ch</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Fossil Record</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-06-07</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>25</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>187</mods:start>
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<mods:end>212</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83034</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83034</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">2193-0074-1-187</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">6402F8F152294153823FCAEA106F90A1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">86764B0ACD9453CD965B288014B441CD</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:54ACF8C1C3AA594BB8D6528113AC92FC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/54ACF8C1C3AA594BB8D6528113AC92FC" lastPageNumber="187" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<taxonomicName LSID="54ACF8C1-C3AA-594B-B8D6-528113AC92FC" authority="(Theobald, 1937)" authorityName="Spasojevic & Broad & Klopfstein" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Zagryphus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zagryphus tilloyi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tilloyi" status="comb. nov.">Zagryphus tilloyi (Theobald, 1937)</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="187">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Zagryphus tilloyi (Theobald, 1937) comb. nov. A. Photograph of the holotype obtained from MNHN. F; B. Our interpretative drawing of the fossil. Thicker lines indicate outlines of body structures, thinner lines show characters inside these outlines, and dotted lines represent uncertain interpretations." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83034.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/693076" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Spasojevic & Broad & Klopfstein" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Promethes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Promethes tilloyi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tilloyi" status="comb. nov.">* Promethes tilloyi</taxonomicName>
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Theobald, 1937
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<materialsCitation accessionNumber="B24392" collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" collectorName="F. Photograph" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Holotype">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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(part only, #Am_8 / MNHN.F.
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<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/B24392">B24392</accessionNumber>
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) examined at MNHN.
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<collectorName>F. Photograph</collectorName>
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obtained from MNHN.F.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="stratum">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Stratum.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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Aix-en-Provence,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouche-du-Rhône">Bouche-du-Rhone</normalizedToken>
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, France. Late Oligocene (Chattian), 28.4-23.0 Ma.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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Female.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Holotype</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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in lateral to ventrolateral view with nearly complete antennae, head, mesosoma with details indistinct; fore wings darkened and on top of each other, venation in part difficult to discern, one hind wing; at least parts of all legs, and metasoma with ovipositor with sheaths. Body length 6.1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Dark brown, antennae reddish at base and with white bands around mid-length; with reddish colouration on head and mesosoma, wings strongly tinted, brown; legs dark brown; metasoma dark, but possibly with irregular lighter markings on T2, ovipositor orange, its sheaths dark brown.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Head</emphasis>
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quite round, with large eyes, with a nose-like protrusion where clypeus would be.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Antennae</emphasis>
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4.5 mm, with at least 28 (probably around 32) flagellomeres, basal ones elongate, those apically of white band quadrate to transverse.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Mesosoma</emphasis>
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not well preserved, with mesosternal scrobe, indication of epicnemial carina and notauli reaching at least over first third of mesoscutum. Metapleuron as long as wide, with submetapleural carina complete; propodeum with pleural carina, lateral longitudinal and maybe other carinae complete, meeting point of lateral longitudinal and posterior transverse carina might be thickened (cf. propodeal apophyses).
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Fore wing</emphasis>
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3.6 mm, rather stout; areolet open, 2Rs rather short; 1cu-a meeting M + Cu opposite of 1M; 1M & 1Rs bowed inwards; 3Cu more than 3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than 2cu-a, strongly inclivous; cell 2R1 2.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than wide.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Hind wing</emphasis>
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with 1Rs about as long as rs-m and 1Cu much longer than cu-a.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Legs</emphasis>
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slender, hind femur 4.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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, hind tibia 7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than wide, dark dorsally light ventrally.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Metasoma</emphasis>
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compressed from T4 or T5; T1 not well preserved, but slightly elongate and tapering towards base, following tergites transverse; sternites quite well sclerotized; hypopygium triangular in lateral view. Ovipositor 1.9 mm, about 1.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as hind tibia, curved downwards; ovipositor sheaths widened around mid-length.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/fr.25.83034.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/693076" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" start="Figure 17" startId="F17">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Figure 17.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Spasojevic & Broad & Klopfstein" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Zagryphus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zagryphus tilloyi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tilloyi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Zagryphus tilloyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Theobald, 1937) comb. nov.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">A.</emphasis>
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Photograph of the holotype obtained from MNHN.F;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">B.</emphasis>
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Our interpretative drawing of the fossil. Thicker lines indicate outlines of body structures, thinner lines show characters inside these outlines, and dotted lines represent uncertain interpretations.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="interpretation">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Interpretation.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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Even though many characters are not clearly visible, the medially expanded ovipositor sheaths firmly place this fossil in the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Shuckard" authorityYear="1840" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tryphoninae">Tryphoninae</taxonomicName>
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tribe
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Woldstedt" authorityYear="1877" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="tribe" tribe="Oedemopsini">Oedemopsini</taxonomicName>
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. Indeed, the specimen shows a remarkable similarity to the extant
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Zagryphus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zagryphus nasutus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nasutus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Zagryphus nasutus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Cresson, 1868): the nose-like expansion of the clypeus, inclivous 3Cu in the fore wing and short cu-a in the hind wing, triangular but not strongly elongate hypopygium, and down-curved ovipositor with medially expanded sheaths support a placement in this genus. Even the colouration is a good match, including the white band on the antenna and orange base, a pattern often observed in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Cushman" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Zagryphus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zagryphus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Zagryphus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and related genera.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Spasojevic & Broad & Klopfstein" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Zagryphus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zagryphus tilloyi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tilloyi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Zagryphus tilloyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from the other members of the genus by its smaller size (at least 4.8 mm in extant species) and more strongly tinted wings.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Shuckard" authorityYear="1840" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Xoridinae">Xoridinae</taxonomicName>
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Shuckard, 1840
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1809" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Xorides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xorides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Xorides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Latreille, 1809
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |