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<mods:title id="82466640957A55E879FCE97C703469DE">Two new terebellid polychaetes (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from the state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil</mods:title>
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<treatment id="546D1F41FF83FFED1D40F92CFD14FE1C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6261655" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119343637" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6261655" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:546D1F41FF83FFED1D40F92CFD14FE1C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/546D1F41FF83FFED1D40F92CFD14FE1C" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">
<subSubSection id="94DEFDDCFF83FFEA1D40F92CFD3AF932" box="[264,732,1678,1704]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="DC7BAE57FF83FFEA1D40F92CFD3AF932" blockId="10.[264,732,1678,1704]" box="[264,732,1678,1704]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">
<heading id="8733193BFF83FFEA1D40F92CFD3AF932" bold="true" box="[264,732,1678,1704]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" reason="1">
<emphasis id="EEB07245FF83FFEA1D40F92CFD3AF932" bold="true" box="[264,732,1678,1704]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName id="1BC4D5D4FF83FFEA1D40F92CFDB9F932" ID-CoL="84SHK" authority="Saint-Joseph, 1894" authorityName="Saint-Joseph" authorityYear="1894" box="[264,607,1678,1704]" class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Phisidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EEB07245FF83FFEA1D40F92CFE8DF932" bold="true" box="[264,363,1678,1704]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Phisidia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B855D3A6FF83FFEA1D3BF92CFDB9F932" author="Saint-Joseph" box="[371,607,1678,1704]" pageId="10" pageNumber="54" refString="Saint-Joseph, A. (1894) Les Annelides polychetes des Cotes de Dinard. Annales des sciences naturelles, Paris Serie (7) 17, 1 - 395." type="journal article" year="1894">Saint­Joseph, 1894</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, emended
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DC7BAE57FF83FFEA1D40F97BFB61F96A" blockId="10.[264,1159,1753,1777]" box="[264,1159,1753,1777]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">
<typeStatus id="037F10F5FF83FFEA1D40F97BFEDBF96A" box="[264,317,1753,1776]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="1BC4D5D4FF83FFEA1DD7F978FCEFF96A" authority="Langerhans, 1880" authorityName="Langerhans" authorityYear="1880" box="[415,777,1753,1777]" class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Leaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="oculata">
<emphasis id="EEB07245FF83FFEA1DD7F978FDA2F96B" box="[415,580,1754,1777]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Leaena oculata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B855D3A6FF83FFEA1E03F97BFCEFF96A" author="Langerhans" box="[587,777,1753,1776]" pageId="10" pageNumber="53" refString="Langerhans, P. (1880) Die Wurmfauna von Madeira. Part 2. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 33, 267 - 316." type="journal article" year="1880">Langerhans, 1880</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
designated by
<bibRefCitation id="B855D3A6FF83FFEA1FE2F97BFB65F96A" author="Saint-Joseph" box="[938,1155,1753,1776]" pageId="10" pageNumber="54" refString="Saint-Joseph, A. (1894) Les Annelides polychetes des Cotes de Dinard. Annales des sciences naturelles, Paris Serie (7) 17, 1 - 395." type="journal article" year="1894">Saint­Joseph (1894)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="94DEFDDCFF83FFEB1D40F883FB6FFD74" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="DC7BAE57FF83FFEA1D40F883FE99F8A0" blockId="10.[264,1323,1825,1891]" box="[264,383,1825,1850]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="EEB07245FF83FFEA1D40F883FE99F8A0" box="[264,383,1825,1850]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DC7BAE57FF83FFEB1D70F8EBFB6FFD74" blockId="10.[264,1323,1825,1891]" lastBlockId="11.[264,1324,284,750]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Upper lip short and rounded, lower lip restricted to oral area, usually swollen. Basal part of prostomium bearing eyespots in most species. Lobes on anterior segments absent, but some taxa with anterior margins of some anterior segments thickened and raised from integument; segments 14 usually dorsally inflated. Branchiae absent. Notopodia from segment 4, usually extending for 14 segments. Each notopodium with two rows of chaetae, chaetae on posterior row distinctly longer than chaetae on anterior row. On anterior notopodia, anterior row of notochaetae as serrated capillaries, posterior row as smooth, limbate capillaries; on posterior notopodia, anterior row of notochaetae as serrated capillaries, posterior row of notochaetae as medially limbate capillaries with serrated tips (= flail­tipped capillaries). Neuropodia from segment 5 until near pygidium, in double rows from segments 1011 until end of thorax or more posteriorly. Uncini higher than long, with short heel, developed prow and dorsal button away from anterior margin, at about midlength of the distance between base of main fang and end of prow.</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="94DEFDDCFF82FFED1D40FC86FD14FE1C" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="DC7BAE57FF82FFEB1D40FC86FE88FCA7" blockId="11.[264,1324,804,1870]" box="[264,366,804,829]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="EEB07245FF82FFEB1D40FC86FE88FCA7" box="[264,366,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DC7BAE57FF82FFEB1D70FCEEFD27FC44" blockId="11.[264,1324,804,1870]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">
One of the first attempts to organize the taxa of abranchiate terebellines into genera was made by
<bibRefCitation id="B855D3A6FF82FFEB1DE1FCD6FD9AFC14" author="Malmgren" box="[425,636,884,910]" pageId="11" pageNumber="53" refString="Malmgren, A. J. (1866) Nordiska Hafs-Annulater. Ofversigt af Kongiliga Veteskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, 22, 355 - 410." type="journal article" year="1866">Malmgren (1866)</bibRefCitation>
, who erected the genera
<taxonomicName id="1BC4D5D4FF82FFEB1FE8FCD6FB5AFC14" authority="Malmgren 1866" authorityName="Malmgren" authorityYear="1866" box="[928,1212,884,910]" class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Leaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EEB07245FF82FFEB1FE8FCD6FC10FC17" box="[928,1014,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">Leaena</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B855D3A6FF82FFEB1FB5FCD6FB5AFC14" author="Malmgren" box="[1021,1212,884,910]" pageId="11" pageNumber="53" refString="Malmgren, A. J. (1866) Nordiska Hafs-Annulater. Ofversigt af Kongiliga Veteskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, 22, 355 - 410." type="journal article" year="1866">Malmgren 1866</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="1BC4D5D4FF82FFEB1881FCD6FE2EFC2C" authority="Malmgren 1866" authorityName="Malmgren" authorityYear="1866" class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Lanassa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EEB07245FF82FFEB1881FCD6FACCFC17" box="[1225,1322,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">Lanassa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B855D3A6FF82FFEB1D40FC3EFE2EFC2C" author="Malmgren" box="[264,456,924,950]" pageId="11" pageNumber="53" refString="Malmgren, A. J. (1866) Nordiska Hafs-Annulater. Ofversigt af Kongiliga Veteskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, 22, 355 - 410." type="journal article" year="1866">Malmgren 1866</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="1BC4D5D4FF82FFEB1E41FC3EFCA1FC2C" authority="Malmgren 1866" authorityName="Malmgren" authorityYear="1866" box="[521,839,924,950]" class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Laphania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EEB07245FF82FFEB1E41FC3EFD9FFC2F" box="[521,633,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">Laphania</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B855D3A6FF82FFEB1ECDFC3EFCA1FC2C" author="Malmgren" box="[645,839,924,950]" pageId="11" pageNumber="53" refString="Malmgren, A. J. (1866) Nordiska Hafs-Annulater. Ofversigt af Kongiliga Veteskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, 22, 355 - 410." type="journal article" year="1866">Malmgren 1866</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, which are distinguished mainly by the number of pairs of notopodia present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DC7BAE57FF82FFEB1D70FC4EFE0BFB6C" blockId="11.[264,1324,804,1870]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">
In the original description of
<taxonomicName id="1BC4D5D4FF82FFEB1EC3FC4EFC0CFB9C" authority="Langerhans (1880)" authorityName="Langerhans" authorityYear="1880" box="[651,1002,1004,1030]" class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Leaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="oculata">
<emphasis id="EEB07245FF82FFEB1EC3FC4EFD19FB9F" box="[651,767,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">P. oculata</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="B855D3A6FF82FFEB1F45FC4EFC0CFB9C" author="Langerhans" box="[781,1002,1004,1030]" pageId="11" pageNumber="53" refString="Langerhans, P. (1880) Die Wurmfauna von Madeira. Part 2. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 33, 267 - 316." type="journal article" year="1880">Langerhans (1880)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
stated that according to the criteria proposed by
<bibRefCitation id="B855D3A6FF82FFEB1DB0FBB6FD2CFBB4" author="Malmgren" box="[504,714,1044,1070]" pageId="11" pageNumber="53" refString="Malmgren, A. J. (1866) Nordiska Hafs-Annulater. Ofversigt af Kongiliga Veteskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, 22, 355 - 410." type="journal article" year="1866">Malmgren (1866)</bibRefCitation>
, a new genus should be erected to accommodate his new species, as none of the genera known at that time had 14 pairs of notopodia. Langerhans, however, did not consider this character important enough as to distinguish between genera and proposed that all abranchiate terebellines should be assigned to a single genus, which he suggested to be
<taxonomicName id="1BC4D5D4FF82FFEB1E91FB16FCC9FB57" box="[729,815,1204,1229]" class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Leaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EEB07245FF82FFEB1E91FB16FCC9FB57" box="[729,815,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">Leaena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, under which he described his new species (
<bibRefCitation id="B855D3A6FF82FFEB1D58FB7EFE06FB6C" author="Langerhans" box="[272,480,1244,1270]" pageId="11" pageNumber="53" refString="Langerhans, P. (1880) Die Wurmfauna von Madeira. Part 2. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 33, 267 - 316." type="journal article" year="1880">Langerhans 1880</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DC7BAE57FF82FFEB1D70FAA6FC6AFAF4" blockId="11.[264,1324,804,1870]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">
Subsequently,
<bibRefCitation id="B855D3A6FF82FFEB1DA9FAA6FD2DFA84" author="Saint-Joseph" box="[481,715,1284,1310]" pageId="11" pageNumber="54" refString="Saint-Joseph, A. (1894) Les Annelides polychetes des Cotes de Dinard. Annales des sciences naturelles, Paris Serie (7) 17, 1 - 395." type="journal article" year="1894">Saint­Joseph (1894)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="1BC4D5D4FF82FFEB1F02FAA6FC4AFA87" box="[842,940,1284,1309]" class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Phisidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EEB07245FF82FFEB1F02FAA6FC4AFA87" box="[842,940,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">Phisidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to accommodate the abranchiate terebellines with 14 pairs of notopodia and nominated
<taxonomicName id="1BC4D5D4FF82FFEB1FFCFA8EFBD6FADF" box="[948,1072,1324,1349]" class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Leaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="oculata">
<emphasis id="EEB07245FF82FFEB1FFCFA8EFBD6FADF" box="[948,1072,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">L. oculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as the type­species, following the criteria established by
<bibRefCitation id="B855D3A6FF82FFEB1EFDFAF6FC6EFAF4" author="Malmgren" box="[693,904,1364,1390]" pageId="11" pageNumber="53" refString="Malmgren, A. J. (1866) Nordiska Hafs-Annulater. Ofversigt af Kongiliga Veteskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, 22, 355 - 410." type="journal article" year="1866">Malmgren (1866)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DC7BAE57FF82FFEB1D70FADEFE03F934" blockId="11.[264,1324,804,1870]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">
The genus currently contains seven known species, but it is poorly defined generically. According to
<bibRefCitation id="B855D3A6FF82FFEB1DF9FA06FD42FA24" author="Saint-Joseph" box="[433,676,1444,1470]" pageId="11" pageNumber="54" refString="Saint-Joseph, A. (1894) Les Annelides polychetes des Cotes de Dinard. Annales des sciences naturelles, Paris Serie (7) 17, 1 - 395." type="journal article" year="1894">Saint­Joseph (1894)</bibRefCitation>
, the number of pairs of notopodia, together with the absence of branchiae, should be the most distinctive features, however three of the species currently assigned to
<taxonomicName id="1BC4D5D4FF82FFEB1E5AFA56FD92F997" box="[530,628,1524,1549]" class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Phisidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EEB07245FF82FFEB1E5AFA56FD92F997" box="[530,628,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">Phisidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have a different number of pairs of notopodia:
<taxonomicName id="1BC4D5D4FF82FFEB1881FA56FDC0F9AC" authority="Southward, 1956" authorityName="Southward" authorityYear="1956" class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Phisidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="aurea">
<emphasis id="EEB07245FF82FFEB1881FA56FEADF9AF" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">Phisidia aurea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B855D3A6FF82FFEB1D10F9BEFDC0F9AC" author="Southward" box="[344,550,1564,1590]" pageId="11" pageNumber="54" refString="Southward, E. C. (1956) On some Polychaeta of the Isle of Man. Annals of the Magazine of Natural History, IX (12), 257 - 279." type="journal article" year="1956">Southward, 1956</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
has 13 pairs although one of the specimens studied for the original description had 14 pairs of notopodia (
<bibRefCitation id="B855D3A6FF82FFEB1F1FF9E6FBC7F9C4" author="Southward" box="[855,1057,1604,1630]" pageId="11" pageNumber="54" refString="Southward, E. C. (1956) On some Polychaeta of the Isle of Man. Annals of the Magazine of Natural History, IX (12), 257 - 279." type="journal article" year="1956">Southward 1956</bibRefCitation>
) while
<taxonomicName id="1BC4D5D4FF82FFEB18E8F9E6FD17F91C" authority="Hartmann-Schroder and Rosenfeldt, 1989" authorityName="Hartmann-Schroder and Rosenfeldt" authorityYear="1989" class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Phisidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="castanea">
<emphasis id="EEB07245FF82FFEB18E8F9E6FACCF9C7" box="[1184,1322,1604,1629]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">P. castanea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B855D3A6FF82FFEB1D40F9CEFD17F91C" author="Hartmann-Schroder" box="[264,753,1644,1670]" pageId="11" pageNumber="53" refString="Hartmann-Schroder, G. &amp; Rosenfeldt, P. (1989) Die Polychaeten der &quot; Polarstern &quot; - Reise ANT III / 2 in die Antarktis 1984 Teil 2: Cirratulidae bis Serpulidae. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen zoologischen Museum und Institut Hamburg 86, 65 - 106." type="journal article" year="1989">Hartmann­Schröder and Rosenfeldt, 1989</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="1BC4D5D4FF82FFEB1F61F9CEFB6BF91C" authority="Hilbig, 2000" authorityName="Hilbig" authorityYear="2000" box="[809,1165,1644,1670]" class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Phisidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sanctaemariae">
<emphasis id="EEB07245FF82FFEB1F61F9CEFC14F91F" box="[809,1010,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">P. sanctaemariae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B855D3A6FF82FFEB1FB1F9CEFB6BF91C" author="Hilbig" box="[1017,1165,1644,1670]" pageId="11" pageNumber="53" refString="Hilbig, B. (2000) Family Terebellidae Grube, 1851. In: Blake, J. A., Hilbig, B. &amp; Scott, P. H. (Ed.), Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel. Volume 7 - The Annelida Part 4. Polychaeta: Flabelligeridae a Sternaspidae. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, pp. 230 - 293." type="book chapter" year="2000">Hilbig, 2000</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
have both 16 pairs of notopodia.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DC7BAE57FF82FFEC1D70F91EFDABFDBC" blockId="11.[264,1324,804,1870]" lastBlockId="12.[264,1325,284,1870]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">
<bibRefCitation id="B855D3A6FF82FFEB1D70F91EFDEAF94C" author="Southward" box="[312,524,1724,1750]" pageId="11" pageNumber="54" refString="Southward, E. C. (1956) On some Polychaeta of the Isle of Man. Annals of the Magazine of Natural History, IX (12), 257 - 279." type="journal article" year="1956">Southward (1956)</bibRefCitation>
described her species as
<taxonomicName id="1BC4D5D4FF82FFEB1F7DF91EFC71F94F" box="[821,919,1724,1749]" class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Phisidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EEB07245FF82FFEB1F7DF91EFC71F94F" box="[821,919,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">Phisidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because it had separate nephridia, two
<typeStatus id="037F10F5FF82FFEB1D74F946FE9CF964" box="[316,378,1764,1790]" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">types</typeStatus>
of notochaetae present from segment 4, neuropodia from segment 5 and lacked branchiae. On the other hand,
<taxonomicName id="1BC4D5D4FF82FFEB1E20F8AEFCD7F8BF" box="[616,817,1804,1829]" class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Phisidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sanctaemariae">
<emphasis id="EEB07245FF82FFEB1E20F8AEFCD7F8BF" box="[616,817,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">P. sanctaemariae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described as
<taxonomicName id="1BC4D5D4FF82FFEB184AF8AEFB82F8BF" box="[1026,1124,1804,1829]" class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Phisidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EEB07245FF82FFEB184AF8AEFB82F8BF" box="[1026,1124,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">Phisidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because, in spite of having 16 pairs of notopodia,
<bibRefCitation id="B855D3A6FF82FFEB1EC3F896FCCAF8D4" author="Hilbig" box="[651,812,1844,1870]" pageId="11" pageNumber="53" refString="Hilbig, B. (2000) Family Terebellidae Grube, 1851. In: Blake, J. A., Hilbig, B. &amp; Scott, P. H. (Ed.), Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel. Volume 7 - The Annelida Part 4. Polychaeta: Flabelligeridae a Sternaspidae. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, pp. 230 - 293." type="book chapter" year="2000">Hilbig (2000)</bibRefCitation>
considered that
<taxonomicName id="1BC4D5D4FF82FFEB1FA7F896FBB7F8D7" box="[1007,1105,1844,1869]" class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Lanassa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="42" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EEB07245FF82FFEB1FA7F896FBB7F8D7" box="[1007,1105,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="42">Lanassa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is the only abranchiate genus of
<taxonomicName id="1BC4D5D4FF85FFEC1E4FFEBEFD71FEAC" box="[519,663,284,310]" class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" phylum="Annelida" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Terebellinae">Terebellinae</taxonomicName>
with 16 pairs of notopodia, possesses only one
<typeStatus id="037F10F5FF85FFEC189FFEBEFAEFFEAC" box="[1239,1289,284,310]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">type</typeStatus>
of notochaetae, while
<taxonomicName id="1BC4D5D4FF85FFEC1DB5FEE6FDB9FEC7" box="[509,607,324,349]" class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Phisidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EEB07245FF85FFEC1DB5FEE6FDB9FEC7" box="[509,607,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">Phisidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has two
<typeStatus id="037F10F5FF85FFEC1EACFEE6FCC3FEC4" box="[740,805,324,350]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">types</typeStatus>
, as does
<taxonomicName id="1BC4D5D4FF85FFEC1FE0FEE6FB9CFEC7" box="[936,1146,324,349]" class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Phisidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sanctaemariae">
<emphasis id="EEB07245FF85FFEC1FE0FEE6FB9CFEC7" box="[936,1146,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">P. sanctaemariae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Accordingly,
<bibRefCitation id="B855D3A6FF85FFEC1D40FECEFCE6FE1C" author="Hartmann-Schroder" box="[264,768,364,390]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" refString="Hartmann-Schroder, G. &amp; Rosenfeldt, P. (1989) Die Polychaeten der &quot; Polarstern &quot; - Reise ANT III / 2 in die Antarktis 1984 Teil 2: Cirratulidae bis Serpulidae. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen zoologischen Museum und Institut Hamburg 86, 65 - 106." type="journal article" year="1989">Hartmann­Schröder and Rosenfeldt (1989)</bibRefCitation>
said that the “short notochaetae” (= chaetae of the anterior row of notochaetae) of
<taxonomicName id="1BC4D5D4FF85FFEC1EEEFE36FCCDFE37" box="[678,811,404,429]" class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Phisidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="castanea">
<emphasis id="EEB07245FF85FFEC1EEEFE36FCCDFE37" box="[678,811,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">P. castanea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were serrated capillaries similar to those of
<taxonomicName id="1BC4D5D4FF85FFEC1D40FE1EFE8CFE4F" box="[264,362,444,469]" class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Lanassa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EEB07245FF85FFEC1D40FE1EFE8CFE4F" box="[264,362,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">Lanassa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the authors preferred to describe their new species as
<taxonomicName id="1BC4D5D4FF85FFEC181BFE1EFB52FE4F" box="[1107,1204,444,469]" class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Phisidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EEB07245FF85FFEC181BFE1EFB52FE4F" box="[1107,1204,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">Phisidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, possibly because it had “long notochaetae” (= chaetae on the posterior row of notochaetae) as smooth, limbate capillaries.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DC7BAE57FF85FFEC1D70FD96FB89FC44" blockId="12.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">
The
<typeStatus id="037F10F5FF85FFEC1D26FD96FE4AFDD4" box="[366,428,564,590]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">types</typeStatus>
of notochaetae present in
<taxonomicName id="1BC4D5D4FF85FFEC1EADFD96FCA1FDD7" box="[741,839,564,589]" class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Phisidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EEB07245FF85FFEC1EADFD96FCA1FDD7" box="[741,839,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">Phisidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, must also be considered. In the original description of
<taxonomicName id="1BC4D5D4FF85FFEC1DF9FDFEFCF4FDEC" authority="Langerhans (1880)" authorityName="Langerhans" authorityYear="1880" box="[433,786,604,630]" class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Leaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="oculata">
<emphasis id="EEB07245FF85FFEC1DF9FDFEFDC0FDEF" box="[433,550,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">P. oculata</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="B855D3A6FF85FFEC1E7DFDFEFCF4FDEC" author="Langerhans" box="[565,786,604,630]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" refString="Langerhans, P. (1880) Die Wurmfauna von Madeira. Part 2. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 33, 267 - 316." type="journal article" year="1880">Langerhans (1880)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
stated that all notochaetae were smooth, with long tips.
<bibRefCitation id="B855D3A6FF85FFEC1DCBFD26FDCAFD04" author="Hessle" box="[387,556,644,670]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" refString="Hessle, C. (1917) Zur Kenntnis der terebellomorphen Polychaeten. Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala, 5, 39 - 258." type="journal article" year="1917">Hessle (1917)</bibRefCitation>
, however, said that in
<taxonomicName id="1BC4D5D4FF85FFEC1F0CFD26FC5AFD07" box="[836,956,644,669]" class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Leaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="oculata">
<emphasis id="EEB07245FF85FFEC1F0CFD26FC5AFD07" box="[836,956,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">P. oculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="1BC4D5D4FF85FFEC1FB4FD26FACDFD04" authority="Hessle 1917" authorityName="Hessle" authorityYear="1917" box="[1020,1323,644,670]" class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Phisidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sagamica">
<emphasis id="EEB07245FF85FFEC1FB4FD26FB6AFD07" box="[1020,1164,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">P. sagamica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B855D3A6FF85FFEC18DFFD26FACDFD04" author="Hessle" box="[1175,1323,644,670]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" refString="Hessle, C. (1917) Zur Kenntnis der terebellomorphen Polychaeten. Zoologiska bidrag fran Uppsala, 5, 39 - 258." type="journal article" year="1917">Hessle 1917</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
both
<typeStatus id="037F10F5FF85FFEC1D03FD0EFE6FFD5C" box="[331,393,684,710]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">types</typeStatus>
of notochaetae were distally serrated, with those on the anterior row of notochaetae having stouter teeth and broader blades. Similar descriptions were provided by subsequent authors for the anterior row of notochaetae of the other species of
<taxonomicName id="1BC4D5D4FF85FFEC1881FD5EFACDFC8F" box="[1225,1323,764,789]" class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Phisidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EEB07245FF85FFEC1881FD5EFACDFC8F" box="[1225,1323,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">Phisidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
described subsequently (
<bibRefCitation id="B855D3A6FF85FFEC1E77FC86FCF6FCA4" author="Southward" box="[575,784,804,830]" pageId="12" pageNumber="54" refString="Southward, E. C. (1956) On some Polychaeta of the Isle of Man. Annals of the Magazine of Natural History, IX (12), 257 - 279." type="journal article" year="1956">Southward 1956</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="B855D3A6FF85FFEC1F60FC86FB72FCA4" author="Hutchings" box="[808,1172,804,830]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" refString="Hutchings, P. &amp; Glasby, C. (1988) The Amphitritinae (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from Australia. Records of the Australian Museum, 40 (1), 1 - 60." type="journal article" year="1988">Hutchings and Glasby 1988</bibRefCitation>
, Hartmann­
<bibRefCitation id="B855D3A6FF85FFEC1D40FCEEFD98FCFC" author="Schroder" box="[264,638,844,870]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" refString="Hartmann-Schroder, G. &amp; Rosenfeldt, P. (1989) Die Polychaeten der &quot; Polarstern &quot; - Reise ANT III / 2 in die Antarktis 1984 Teil 2: Cirratulidae bis Serpulidae. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen zoologischen Museum und Institut Hamburg 86, 65 - 106." type="journal article" year="1989">Schröder and Rosenfeldt 1989</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="B855D3A6FF85FFEC1ED8FCEEFCC1FCFC" author="Hilbig" box="[656,807,844,870]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" refString="Hilbig, B. (2000) Family Terebellidae Grube, 1851. In: Blake, J. A., Hilbig, B. &amp; Scott, P. H. (Ed.), Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel. Volume 7 - The Annelida Part 4. Polychaeta: Flabelligeridae a Sternaspidae. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, pp. 230 - 293." type="book chapter" year="2000">Hilbig 2000</bibRefCitation>
), but the chaetae on the posterior row of notochaetae were sometimes described as limbate (
<bibRefCitation id="B855D3A6FF85FFEC1FDDFCD6FB1FFC14" author="Hutchings" box="[917,1273,884,910]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" refString="Hutchings, P. &amp; Glasby, C. (1988) The Amphitritinae (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from Australia. Records of the Australian Museum, 40 (1), 1 - 60." type="journal article" year="1988">Hutchings and Glasby 1988</bibRefCitation>
) or medially limbate and distally serrated (
<bibRefCitation id="B855D3A6FF85FFEC1F5DFC3EFC0EFC2C" author="Southward" box="[789,1000,924,950]" pageId="12" pageNumber="54" refString="Southward, E. C. (1956) On some Polychaeta of the Isle of Man. Annals of the Magazine of Natural History, IX (12), 257 - 279." type="journal article" year="1956">Southward 1956</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="B855D3A6FF85FFEC184AFC3EFE2DFC44" author="Hartmann-Schroder" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" refString="Hartmann-Schroder, G. &amp; Rosenfeldt, P. (1989) Die Polychaeten der &quot; Polarstern &quot; - Reise ANT III / 2 in die Antarktis 1984 Teil 2: Cirratulidae bis Serpulidae. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen zoologischen Museum und Institut Hamburg 86, 65 - 106." type="journal article" year="1989">Hartmann­Schröder and Rosenfeldt 1989</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="B855D3A6FF85FFEC1D90FC66FD8FFC44" author="Hilbig" box="[472,617,964,990]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" refString="Hilbig, B. (2000) Family Terebellidae Grube, 1851. In: Blake, J. A., Hilbig, B. &amp; Scott, P. H. (Ed.), Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel. Volume 7 - The Annelida Part 4. Polychaeta: Flabelligeridae a Sternaspidae. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, pp. 230 - 293." type="book chapter" year="2000">Hilbig 2000</bibRefCitation>
), which could represent a specific character.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DC7BAE57FF85FFEC1D70FC4EFCD8FAF4" blockId="12.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">
None of the authors above, however, seem to have noticed that, similarly to what occurs in several other genera of
<taxonomicName id="1BC4D5D4FF85FFEC1EEEFBB6FCDCFBB4" box="[678,826,1044,1070]" class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" phylum="Annelida" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Terebellinae">Terebellinae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="1BC4D5D4FF85FFEC1F01FBB6FC4DFBB7" box="[841,939,1044,1069]" class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Phisidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EEB07245FF85FFEC1F01FBB6FC4DFBB7" box="[841,939,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">Phisidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows a change in the
<typeStatus id="037F10F5FF85FFEC189CFBB6FAE0FBB4" box="[1236,1286,1044,1070]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">type</typeStatus>
of notochaetae present on the posterior row of notochaetae, from anterior to posterior thoracic chaetigers. This was studied in at least three species of
<taxonomicName id="1BC4D5D4FF85FFEC1FA5FBC6FBA9FBE7" box="[1005,1103,1124,1149]" class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Phisidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EEB07245FF85FFEC1FA5FBC6FBA9FBE7" box="[1005,1103,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">Phisidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
investigated so far by one of us (JMMN) for a forthcoming phylogenetic paper (Nogueira and Hutchings in prep.),
<emphasis id="EEB07245FF85FFEC1D17FB16FE28FB57" box="[351,462,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">P. e c h u c a</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B855D3A6FF85FFEC1D93FB16FCD4FB54" author="Hutchings" box="[475,818,1204,1230]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" refString="Hutchings, P. &amp; Glasby, C. (1988) The Amphitritinae (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from Australia. Records of the Australian Museum, 40 (1), 1 - 60." type="journal article" year="1988">Hutchings and Glasby, 1988</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="1BC4D5D4FF85FFEC1F09FB16FC45FB57" box="[833,931,1204,1229]" class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Phisidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="rubra" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EEB07245FF85FFEC1F09FB16FC45FB57" box="[833,931,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">P. rubra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F583CF3EFF85FFEC1FE5FB16FBEDFB54" box="[941,1035,1204,1230]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<emphasis id="EEB07245FF85FFEC1800FB16FBBDFB57" box="[1096,1115,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">P.</emphasis>
sp., the latter an undescribed species from
<collectingCountry id="A4D3EEC7FF85FFEC1E07FB7EFD11FB6C" box="[591,759,1244,1270]" name="New Zealand" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
. In all of these species, as seen under light microscope, chaetae of the posterior row of notochaetae on anterior thoracic chaetigers are limbate, with the limbation extending to tips, while on posterior thoracic chaetigers they are medially limbate and finely serrated distally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DC7BAE57FF85FFEC1D70FADEFC42F9C4" blockId="12.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">
Under the SEM, however, it is possible to follow this transition in
<taxonomicName id="1BC4D5D4FF85FFEC181BFADEFAE6FA0F" box="[1107,1280,1404,1429]" class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Phisidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="rubra" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EEB07245FF85FFEC181BFADEFAE6FA0F" box="[1107,1280,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">Phisidia rubra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F583CF3EFF85FFEC1941FADEFEDCFA24" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
On anteriormost chaetigers, chaetae of the posterior row of notochaetae are limbate, with the limbation ending subdistally and a short tip, with one lateral row of fine hairs (
<figureCitation id="44FFB2D2FF85FFEC1D59FA56FE84F994" box="[273,354,1524,1550]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="17.[264,368,1743,1767]" captionTargetBox="[297,1289,320,1723]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[297,1291,312,1737]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 7. Phisidia rubra sp. nov .. A: notochaetae, segment 6; B: serrated (short) notochaetae, segment 5; C: tip of limbate (long) notochaetae, segment 6; D: limbate (long) notochaetae, segment 4; E: notochaetae, segment 13; F, H: Higher magnification of notochaetae of segment 13; G: notochaetae, segment 15. Scale bars: A: 5 µm; B, D, H: 4 µm; C: 2 µm; E: 9 µm; F, G: 6 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172374/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
A, C). However, on segments 411, the alimbate tips become progressively longer and the “hairs”, progressively stouter and sharper, resulting in medially limbate, distally serrated chaetae from segment 11 until the end of thorax.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DC7BAE57FF85FFEC1D70F9CEFE9CF964" blockId="12.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">
At this stage it is unknown if this change of the
<typeStatus id="037F10F5FF85FFEC1F33F9CEFC48F91C" box="[891,942,1644,1670]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">type</typeStatus>
of chaetae on posterior rows of notochaetae also occurs in the type­species of the genus, as the type­material for the genus appears to have been lost (
<bibRefCitation id="B855D3A6FF85FFEC1E76F91EFD0DF94C" author="McHugh" box="[574,747,1724,1750]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" refString="McHugh, D. (1995) Phylogenetic analysis of the Amphitritinae (Polychaeta: Terebellidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 114, 405 - 429." type="journal article" year="1995">McHugh 1995</bibRefCitation>
) and no further material from the type­locality is available.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DC7BAE57FF85FFED1D70F8AEFD14FE1C" blockId="12.[264,1325,284,1870]" lastBlockId="13.[264,1322,284,390]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">
In addition to the
<typeStatus id="037F10F5FF85FFEC1E58F8AEFDA8F8BC" box="[528,590,1804,1830]" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">types</typeStatus>
of notochaetae, all three species of
<taxonomicName id="1BC4D5D4FF85FFEC1848F8AEFB84F8BF" box="[1024,1122,1804,1829]" class="Polychaeta" family="Terebellidae" genus="Phisidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EEB07245FF85FFEC1848F8AEFB84F8BF" box="[1024,1122,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">Phisidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
so far examined have segments 14 dorsally inflated, forming a distinct “hump” (
<figureCitation id="44FFB2D2FF85FFEC184BF896FBB2F8D4" box="[1027,1108,1844,1870]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="15.[264,367,1729,1753]" captionTargetBox="[327,1269,316,1710]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[297,1291,308,1722]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 5. Phisidia rubra sp. nov .. A: holotype (MZUSP 16927), lateral view; B: long notochaeta, segment 7; C: short notochaeta, segment 7; D: uncinus, segment 11; E: abdominal uncinus; F: long notochaeta, segment 15; G: short notochaetae, segment 15. Scale bars: A: 0.5 mm; B G: 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172372/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
A, 6AB, D, F). It is possible that this is due to an artifact of fixation, however similar dorsal swellings have been observed in some other taxa of terebellines and this may represent an additional character available for systematic studies.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>