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<mods:title id="19025CBFC63B2FEF23D897E8801C81A2">Desert Bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Thaumastellidae): New records and review of the distribution and habitat of this relict group</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F1A449761994BBD8A8A87E970BC36FED">Jacobs, Dawid H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4808880AF0290D0B9B6CBBD07E26DA1F">University of Palermo; corresponding address: via Sandro Botticelli 15, 90144 Palermo, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="1BC150ABFF8D630876916072197EFC0D" authority="Schaefer &amp; Wilcox, 1971" authorityName="Schaefer &amp; Wilcox" authorityYear="1971" box="[151,800,870,897]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumastellidae" genus="Thaumastella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namaquensis">
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<emphasis id="EEB5F73AFF8D6308769160721BBBFC0C" bold="true" box="[151,485,870,897]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="150">Thaumastella namaquensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B85056D9FF8D630877EA6072197EFC0D" author="Schaefer, C. W. &amp; Wilcox, D. B." box="[492,800,870,896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" pagination="207 - 214" refId="ref14861" refString="Schaefer, C. W. &amp; Wilcox, D. B. (1971) A new species of Thaumastellidae (Hemiptera: Pentatomoidea) from southern Africa. Journal of the Entomological Society of South Africa, 34 (2), 207 - 214." type="journal article" year="1971">Schaefer &amp; Wilcox, 1971</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="DC7E2B28FF8D63087691609F1B25FC28" blockId="6.[151,800,870,933]" box="[151,379,906,933]" pageId="6" pageNumber="150">
(
<figureCitation id="44FA37ADFF8D63087699609F1B5AFC28" box="[159,260,906,933]" captionStart="FIGURES 35" captionStartId="5.[152,270,1637,1661]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,183,1614]" captionTargetId="figure-38@5.[158,1430,181,1614]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 35. Habitus of South African Thaumastella species. 3—Th. elizabethae Jacobs, 1989, holotype ♂ and its labels; 4—Th. namaquensis Schaefer &amp; Wilcox, 1971, holotype ♂ and its labels; 5—living specimen of Th. namaquensis, Namibia, Gellap, 9.ix.2008. (Photos: 34—D. H. Jacobs, 5—J. Deckert)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14240932" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14240932/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="150">Figs 45</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="44FA37ADFF8D63087716609F1B14FC28" box="[272,330,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURES 911" captionStartId="10.[152,270,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-20@10.[203,1385,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 911. Distribution maps of Thaumastella species: 9—general view; 10—detailed distribution of Th. aradoides Horváth, 1896 in North Africa and Near East; 11—detailed distribution of Th. elizabethae Jacobs, 1989, Th. namaquensis Schaefer &amp; Wilcox, 1971 and Thaumastella sp. nov. in Namibia and South Africa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14240938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14240938/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="150">910</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="44FA37ADFF8D63087750609F1B2CFC28" box="[342,370,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURES 1213" captionStartId="11.[152,270,1582,1606]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1558]" captionTargetId="figure-38@11.[151,1436,181,1558]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 1213. Comparison of distribution of Thaumastella aradoides Horváth, 1896 (12) and the South African species of Thaumastella (13), Th. elizabethae Jacobs, 1989, Th. namaquensis Schaefer &amp; Wilcox, 1971 and Thaumastella sp. nov., compared to ecoregions according to Shorthouse (2010)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14240940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14240940/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="150">13</figureCitation>
)
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<emphasis id="EEB5F73AFF8D6308769160DB1BF7FC6A" box="[151,425,975,999]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="150">Thaumastella namaquensis</emphasis>
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<figureCitation id="44FA37ADFF8D6308751360DB1935FC6A" box="[789,875,975,999]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 12" captionStart-1="FIGURES 35" captionStartId-0="2.[152,270,1213,1237]" captionStartId-1="5.[152,270,1637,1661]" captionTargetBox-0="[158,1430,181,1190]" captionTargetBox-1="[158,1430,183,1614]" captionTargetId-0="figure-20@2.[158,1430,181,1190]" captionTargetId-1="figure-38@5.[158,1430,181,1614]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="FIGURES 12. Habitus of Thaumastella aradoides Horváth, 1896. 1—holotype ♀ (2.40 mm) and its labels; 2—♀ (2.25 mm) from Saudi Arabia: Wadi Eidabi. (Photos: 1—P. Kóbor, 2—A. Carapezza)." captionText-1="FIGURES 35. Habitus of South African Thaumastella species. 3—Th. elizabethae Jacobs, 1989, holotype ♂ and its labels; 4—Th. namaquensis Schaefer &amp; Wilcox, 1971, holotype ♂ and its labels; 5—living specimen of Th. namaquensis, Namibia, Gellap, 9.ix.2008. (Photos: 34—D. H. Jacobs, 5—J. Deckert)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14240930" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14240932" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14240930/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14240932/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="150">Figs 14</figureCitation>
(original description, morphology, habitat, distribution).
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,
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:
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N of Vioolsdrift
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<emphasis id="EEB5F73AFF8D6308769167181BF1FBA9" box="[151,431,1036,1060]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="150">Thaumastella namaquensis</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="B85056D9FF8D630877C767181835FBA9" author="Schaefer, C. W." box="[449,619,1036,1060]" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" pagination="193 - 264" refId="ref14702" refString="Schaefer, C. W. (1975) Heteropteran trichobothria (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). International Journal of Insects Morphology and Embryology, 4 (3), 193 - 264. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0020 - 7322 (75) 90034 - 3" type="journal article" year="1975">Schaefer (1975)</bibRefCitation>
: 230
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, 235 (trichobothria);
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<bibRefCitation id="B85056D9FF8D6308758267181E47FBA9" author="Jacobs, D. H." box="[900,1049,1036,1060]" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" pagination="112 - 152" refId="ref12826" refString="Jacobs, D. H. (1986) Order Hemiptera (bugs, leafhoppers, cicadas, aphids, scale-insects, etc.). In: Scholtz, C. H. &amp; Holm, E. (Eds.), Insects of Southern Africa. Butterworth, Durban, pp. 112 - 152. [Complete pagination: 502 pp.]" type="book chapter" year="1986">Jacobs (1986)</bibRefCitation>
: 142
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144 (habitus drawing, habitat); Jacobs (1989): 302, 305314 (differential diagnosis, morphology, karyotype, habitat, distribution);
<treatmentCitation id="5D600D39FF8D630872AD673F1F37FBCE" author="Jacobs, D. H." box="[1195,1385,1067,1091]" page="142" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" year="2008">
<bibRefCitation id="B85056D9FF8D630872AD673F1F65FBCE" author="Jacobs, D. H." box="[1195,1339,1067,1091]" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" pagination="117 - 148" refId="ref12943" refString="Jacobs, D. H. (2008) Heteroptera [excl. Hydrocorisae and Amphibiocoridae]. In: Scholtz, C. H. &amp; Holm, E. (Eds.), Insects of Southern Africa. Second edition. Protea Book House, Pretoria, pp. 117 - 148, pl. II. [Complete pagination: 502 pp.]" type="book chapter" year="2008">Jacobs (2008)</bibRefCitation>
: 142
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144 (habitus drawing, habitat);
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<bibRefCitation id="B85056D9FF8D630877D8675E18F0FBEF" author="Jacobs, D. H. &amp; Viljoen, H. W." box="[478,686,1098,1122]" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" pagination="459 - 463" refId="ref13011" refString="Jacobs, D. H., Apps, P. J. &amp; Viljoen, H. W. (1989) The composition of the defensive secretions of Thaumastella namaquensis and T. elizabethae with notes on the higher classification of the Thaumastellidae (Insecta: Heteroptera). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Series B, 93, 459 - 463. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0305 - 0491 (89) 90107 - 7" type="journal article" year="1989">
Jacobs
<emphasis id="EEB5F73AFF8D6308742C675F1801FBEF" box="[554,607,1098,1122]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="150">et al.</emphasis>
(1989)
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: 459
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463 (composition of metathoracic scent gland secretion);
<treatmentCitation id="5D600D39FF8D63087338675E1B33FB0C" author="Kerzhner, I. M. &amp; Kuznetsova, V. G. &amp; Rider, D. A." page="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="B85056D9FF8D63087338675E1B17FB0C" author="Kerzhner, I. M. &amp; Kuznetsova, V. G. &amp; Rider, D. A." pageId="6" pageNumber="150" pagination="17 - 21" refId="ref13094" refString="Kerzhner, I. M., Kuznetsova, V. G. &amp; Rider, D. A. (2004) Karyotypes of Pentatomoidea additional to those published by Ueshima, 1979 (Heteroptera). Zoosystematica Rossica, 13 (1), 17 - 21. https: // doi. org / 10.31610 / zsr / 2004.13.1.17" type="journal article" year="2004">
Kerzhner
<emphasis id="EEB5F73AFF8D630876C1677D1AA2FB0D" box="[199,252,1128,1152]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="150">et al.</emphasis>
(2004)
</bibRefCitation>
: 17
</treatmentCitation>
(list of karyotypes);
<treatmentCitation id="5D600D39FF8D63087441677C1973FB0D" author="Grazia, J. &amp; Schuh, R. T. &amp; Wheeler, W. C." box="[583,813,1128,1153]" page="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" year="2008">
<bibRefCitation id="B85056D9FF8D63087441677C194BFB0C" author="Grazia, J. &amp; Schuh, R. T. &amp; Wheeler, W. C." box="[583,789,1128,1153]" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" pagination="1 - 45" refId="ref12210" refString="Grazia, J., Schuh, R. T. &amp; Wheeler, W. C. (2008) Phylogenetic relationships of family groups in Pentatomoidea based on morphology and DNA sequences (Insecta: Heteroptera). Cladistics, 24, 1 - 45. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 0031.2008.00224. x" type="journal article" year="2008">
Grazia
<emphasis id="EEB5F73AFF8D63087494677D1898FB0D" box="[658,710,1128,1152]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="150">et al.</emphasis>
(2008)
</bibRefCitation>
: 6
</treatmentCitation>
, 8, 11, 13, 2326, 2831,
<figureCitation id="44FA37ADFF8D6308723D677C1EDCFB0C" box="[1083,1154,1128,1153]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="9.[152,255,919,943]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,896]" captionTargetId="figure-38@9.[151,1436,181,896]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 8. Landscape where an undescribed Thaumastella species was collected near Beaufort West in the Karroo, South Africa. (Photo: D. H. Jacobs)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14240936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14240936/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="150">Figs. 8</figureCitation>
(morphology, phylogenetic analysis);
<treatmentCitation id="5D600D39FF8D6308772967931823FB12" author="Pluot-Sigwalt D. &amp; Lis, J. A." box="[303,637,1159,1183]" page="299" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" year="2008">
<bibRefCitation id="B85056D9FF8D6308772967931815FB12" author="Pluot-Sigwalt D. &amp; Lis, J. A." box="[303,587,1159,1183]" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" pagination="279 - 312" refId="ref14292" refString="Pluot-Sigwalt D. &amp; Lis, J. A. (2008) Morphology of the spermatheca in the Cydnidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera): Bearing of its diversity on classification and phylogeny. European Journal of Entomology, 105, 279 - 312. https: // doi. org / 10.14411 / eje. 2008.038" type="journal article" year="2008">Pluot-Sigwalt &amp; Lis (2008)</bibRefCitation>
: 299
</treatmentCitation>
, 305 (spermatheca);
<treatmentCitation id="5D600D39FF8D63087554679C1E71FB12" author="Wu, Y. - Zh. &amp; Yu, Sh. - Sh. &amp; Wang, Y. - H. &amp; Wu, H. - Y. &amp; Li, X. - R. &amp; Men, X. - Y. &amp; Zhang, Y. - W. &amp; Redei, D. &amp; Xie, Q. &amp; Bu, W. - J." box="[850,1071,1159,1183]" page="756" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" year="2016">
<bibRefCitation id="B85056D9FF8D63087554679C19A0FB12" author="Wu, Y. - Zh. &amp; Yu, Sh. - Sh. &amp; Wang, Y. - H. &amp; Wu, H. - Y. &amp; Li, X. - R. &amp; Men, X. - Y. &amp; Zhang, Y. - W. &amp; Redei, D. &amp; Xie, Q. &amp; Bu, W. - J." box="[850,1022,1159,1183]" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" pagination="750 - 763" refId="ref15405" refString="Wu, Y. - Zh., Yu, Sh. - Sh., Wang, Y. - H., Wu, H. - Y., Li, X. - R., Men, X. - Y., Zhang, Y. - W., Redei, D., Xie, Q. &amp; Bu, W. - J. (2016) The evolutionary position of Lestoniidae revealed by molecular autapomorphies in the secondary structure of rRNA besides phylogenetic reconstruction (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 177, 750 - 763. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12385" type="journal article" year="2016">
Wu
<emphasis id="EEB5F73AFF8D6308757B679C19EFFB12" box="[893,945,1159,1183]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="150">et al.</emphasis>
(2016)
</bibRefCitation>
: 756
</treatmentCitation>
757 (phylogenetic analysis);
<treatmentCitation id="5D600D39FF8D6308736567931B01FB33" author="Lis, J. A. &amp; Ziaja, D. J. &amp; Lis, B. &amp; Gradowska, P." page="485" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" year="2017">
<bibRefCitation id="B85056D9FF8D6308736567931B71FB33" author="Lis, J. A. &amp; Ziaja, D. J. &amp; Lis, B. &amp; Gradowska, P." pageId="6" pageNumber="150" pagination="481 - 496" refId="ref13905" refString="Lis, J. A., Ziaja, D. J., Lis, B. &amp; Gradowska, P. (2017) Non-monophyly of the &quot; cydnoid &quot; complex within Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) revealed by Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of nuclear rDNA sequences. Arthropod Systematics and Phylogeny, 75, 481 - 496. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / asp. 75. e 31918" type="journal article" year="2017">
Lis
<emphasis id="EEB5F73AFF8D6308738C679C1ABCFB33" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="150">et al.</emphasis>
(2017)
</bibRefCitation>
: 485
</treatmentCitation>
, 490492 (phylogenetic analysis);
<treatmentCitation id="5D600D39FF8D630874C667B219F3FB33" author="Rider, D. A. &amp; Schwertner, C. F. &amp; Vilimova, J. &amp; Redei, D. &amp; Kment, P. &amp; Thomas, D. B." box="[704,941,1190,1214]" page="135" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" year="2018">
<bibRefCitation id="B85056D9FF8D630874C667B21920FB33" author="Rider, D. A. &amp; Schwertner, C. F. &amp; Vilimova, J. &amp; Redei, D. &amp; Kment, P. &amp; Thomas, D. B." box="[704,894,1190,1214]" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" pagination="25 - 201" refId="ref14496" refString="Rider, D. A., Schwertner, C. F., Vilimova, J., Redei, D., Kment, P. &amp; Thomas, D. B. (2018) Higher systematics of Pentatomoidea. In: McPherson, J. E. (Ed.), Invasive stink bugs and related species (Pentatomoidea): Biology, higher systematics, semiochemistry, and management. CRC Press, Taylor &amp; Francis Group, Boca Raton, London, New York, pp. 25 - 201. [Complete pagination: xix + 819 pp.] https: // doi. org / 10.1201 / 9781315371221 - 2" type="book chapter" year="2018">
Rider
<emphasis id="EEB5F73AFF8D630874F867B3196FFB33" box="[766,817,1190,1214]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="150">et al.</emphasis>
(2018)
</bibRefCitation>
: 135
</treatmentCitation>
(biology);
<treatmentCitation id="5D600D39FF8D6308721B67B21F76FB33" author="Weirauch, C. &amp; Schuh, R. T. &amp; Cassis, G. &amp; Wheeler, W. C." box="[1053,1320,1190,1214]" page="74" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" year="2019">
<bibRefCitation id="B85056D9FF8D6308721B67B21F5CFB33" author="Weirauch, C. &amp; Schuh, R. T. &amp; Cassis, G. &amp; Wheeler, W. C." box="[1053,1282,1190,1214]" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" pagination="67 - 105" refId="ref15337" refString="Weirauch, C., Schuh, R. T., Cassis, G. &amp; Wheeler, W. C. (2019) Revisiting habitat and lifestyle transitions in Heteroptera (Insecta: Hemiptera): insights from a combined morphological and molecular phylogeny. Cladistics, 35, 67 - 105. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12233" type="journal article" year="2019">
Weirauch
<emphasis id="EEB5F73AFF8D6308728567B31EE8FB33" box="[1155,1206,1190,1214]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="150">et al.</emphasis>
(2019)
</bibRefCitation>
: 74
</treatmentCitation>
, 78, 8182, 9394,
<figureCitation id="44FA37ADFF8D6308771367D01B0FFB50" box="[277,337,1220,1245]" captionStart="FIGURES 35" captionStartId="5.[152,270,1637,1661]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,183,1614]" captionTargetId="figure-38@5.[158,1430,181,1614]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 35. Habitus of South African Thaumastella species. 3—Th. elizabethae Jacobs, 1989, holotype ♂ and its labels; 4—Th. namaquensis Schaefer &amp; Wilcox, 1971, holotype ♂ and its labels; 5—living specimen of Th. namaquensis, Namibia, Gellap, 9.ix.2008. (Photos: 34—D. H. Jacobs, 5—J. Deckert)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14240932" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14240932/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="150">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
(phylogenetic analysis, habitus photo); Bianchi
<emphasis id="EEB5F73AFF8D6308754267D11927FB51" box="[836,889,1220,1244]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="150">et al.</emphasis>
(2021): 414, 416, 418 (molecular phylogeny);
<treatmentCitation id="5D600D39FF8D6308736667D11B9BFB76" author="Roca-Cusachs, M. &amp; Schwertner, C. F. &amp; Kim, J. - G. &amp; Eger, J. &amp; Grazia, J. &amp; Jung, S. - H." page="41" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" year="2022">
<bibRefCitation id="B85056D9FF8D6308736667D11BFCFB76" author="Roca-Cusachs, M. &amp; Schwertner, C. F. &amp; Kim, J. - G. &amp; Eger, J. &amp; Grazia, J. &amp; Jung, S. - H." pageId="6" pageNumber="150" pagination="36 - 51" refId="ref14616" refString="Roca-Cusachs, M., Schwertner, C. F., Kim, J. - G., Eger, J., Grazia, J. &amp; Jung, S. - H. (2022) Opening Pandora's box: molecular phylogeny of the stink bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) reveals great incongruences in the current classification. Systematic Entomology, 47, 36 - 51. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12514" type="journal article" year="2022">
Roca-Cusachs
<emphasis id="EEB5F73AFF8D6308772467F01B0BFB76" box="[290,341,1251,1275]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="150">et al.</emphasis>
(2022)
</bibRefCitation>
: 41
</treatmentCitation>
(phylogenetic analysis).
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="94DB78A3FF8D63077691663D1F3CF9D1" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="153" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DC7E2B28FF8D63087691663D1E8CFA5E" blockId="6.[151,1437,1321,2034]" pageId="6" pageNumber="150">
<emphasis id="EEB5F73AFF8D63087691663D1BE4FACE" bold="true" box="[151,442,1321,1347]" pageId="6" pageNumber="150">Type material examined.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="037A958AFF8D630877B8663D1875FACE" box="[446,555,1321,1347]" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8D63087434663E1819FAC9" box="[562,583,1322,1348]" count="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" type="male"></specimenCount>
(
<figureCitation id="44FA37ADFF8D63087455663D18CBFACE" box="[595,661,1321,1347]" captionStart="FIGURES 35" captionStartId="5.[152,270,1637,1661]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,183,1614]" captionTargetId="figure-38@5.[158,1430,181,1614]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 35. Habitus of South African Thaumastella species. 3—Th. elizabethae Jacobs, 1989, holotype ♂ and its labels; 4—Th. namaquensis Schaefer &amp; Wilcox, 1971, holotype ♂ and its labels; 5—living specimen of Th. namaquensis, Namibia, Gellap, 9.ix.2008. (Photos: 34—D. H. Jacobs, 5—J. Deckert)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14240932" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14240932/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="150">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
),
<emphasis id="EEB5F73AFF8D630874AE663D1976FACE" bold="true" box="[680,808,1321,1347]" pageId="6" pageNumber="150">
<collectingCountry id="A4D66BB8FF8D630874AE663D1976FACE" box="[680,808,1321,1347]" name="Namibia" pageId="6" pageNumber="150">NAMIBIA</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<quantity id="1B3986CDFF8D6308753E663D192DFAC9" box="[824,883,1321,1348]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
N of Viools- / drift, Gt.Namaqua- / ld.; 13:
<date id="A87F0DE8FF8D63087346663D1FC3FAC9" box="[1344,1437,1321,1348]" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" value="1950-09">IX.1950</date>
/ C. Koch, G. van Son [printed]; TVL [printed] / 1697 [printed] / COLLECTION / TRANSVAAL / MUSEUM [printed, pale blue label] /
<taxonomicName id="1BC150ABFF8D630877C766651806FA06" authorityName="Horvath" authorityYear="1896" box="[449,600,1393,1419]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumastellidae" genus="Thaumastella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Thaumastella</taxonomicName>
/ namaquensis / Schaefer &amp; Wilcox [handwritten] /
<typeStatus id="037A958AFF8D630872A466651F68FA06" box="[1186,1334,1393,1419]" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
[printed, red original type label] //
<typeStatus id="037A958AFF8D630877BA6681180EFA22" box="[444,592,1429,1455]" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
Hem096 /
<taxonomicName id="1BC150ABFF8D630874D766811937FA22" authorityName="Horvath" authorityYear="1896" box="[721,873,1429,1455]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumastellidae" genus="Thaumastella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EEB5F73AFF8D630874D766811937FA22" box="[721,873,1429,1455]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="150">Thaumastella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName id="1BC150ABFF8D6308758566821E4BFA22" authorityName="Schaefer &amp; Wilcox" authorityYear="1971" box="[899,1045,1430,1455]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumastellidae" genus="Thaumastella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namaquensis">
<emphasis id="EEB5F73AFF8D6308758566821E4BFA22" box="[899,1045,1430,1455]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="150">namaquensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ Schaefer &amp; Wilcox [printed; red type label added by museum] (
<collectionCode id="BAD0B3EDFF8D630877F166AD1815FA5E" box="[503,587,1465,1491]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/s8gp-ktsi" name="Transvaal Museum" pageId="6" pageNumber="150">TMSA</collectionCode>
).
<typeStatus id="037A958AFF8D6308745866AE1891FA59" box="[606,719,1466,1492]" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8D630874DF66AD1946FA59" box="[729,792,1465,1492]" count="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8D6308751966AD1901FA59" box="[799,863,1465,1492]" count="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, same data as
<typeStatus id="037A958AFF8D6308720766AD1E3DFA5E" box="[1025,1123,1465,1491]" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="BAD0B3EDFF8D6308727466AD1E98FA5E" box="[1138,1222,1465,1491]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/s8gp-ktsi" name="Transvaal Museum" pageId="6" pageNumber="150">TMSA</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DC7E2B28FF8D630976C166C91B13FB9C" blockId="6.[151,1437,1321,2034]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,150,1977]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="151" pageId="6" pageNumber="150">
<emphasis id="EEB5F73AFF8D630876C166C919D6FA7A" bold="true" box="[199,904,1501,1527]" pageId="6" pageNumber="150">
Additional material examined.
<collectingCountry id="A4D66BB8FF8D6308743F66C918E3FA7A" box="[569,701,1501,1527]" name="Namibia" pageId="6" pageNumber="150">NAMIBIA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="1E05E5CAFF8D630874CE66C919DDFA7A" box="[712,899,1501,1527]" country="Namibia" name="Hardap" pageId="6" pageNumber="150">Hardap Region</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
S.W.Afr., Naukluft, Felseneck reserve,
<geoCoordinate id="B9F54DEFFF8D6308734466C91FC2FA7A" box="[1346,1436,1501,1527]" degrees="24.21" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" precision="555" value="-24.21">24.21°S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="B9F54DEFFF8D6308769165151AABF996" box="[151,245,1537,1563]" degrees="16.04" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" precision="555" value="16.04">16.04°E</geoCoordinate>
, light collection,
<date id="A87F0DE8FF8D630877B96515186CF996" box="[447,562,1537,1563]" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" value="1974-10-24">24.x.1974</date>
, E-Y: 416,
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8D630874BF651518BBF991" box="[697,741,1537,1564]" count="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, Endrӧdy-Younga lgt., D. H. Jacobs det. (
<collectionCode id="BAD0B3EDFF8D630872C865151F7CF996" box="[1230,1314,1537,1563]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/s8gp-ktsi" name="Transvaal Museum" pageId="6" pageNumber="150">TMSA</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="EEB5F73AFF8D6308733165151AAAF9B2" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="150">
||
<collectingRegion id="1E05E5CAFF8D6308734665151AB1F9B2" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="150">Kharas Region</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Keetmanshoop Dist.: Gellap Agr. Exp. Station,
<geoCoordinate id="B9F54DEFFF8D63087515653319F6F9CF" box="[787,936,1575,1602]" degrees="26" direction="south" minutes="24" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" precision="1" seconds="42.2" value="-26.411722">26°2442.2″S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="B9F54DEFFF8D630875A965331E17F9CF" box="[943,1097,1575,1602]" degrees="18" direction="east" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" precision="1" seconds="45.0" value="18.0125">18°0045.0″E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="1B3986CDFF8D6308725365311EF4F9CD" box="[1109,1194,1573,1600]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" unit="m" value="1080.0">1080 m</quantity>
a.s.l.,
<date id="A87F0DE8FF8D630872F265311FC6F9B2" box="[1268,1432,1573,1599]" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" value="2002-10-16" valueMax="2002-10-23" valueMin="2002-10-16">16.23.x.2002</date>
, pifall trap E6, BIOTA,
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8D63087799655D1B94F9E9" box="[415,458,1609,1636]" count="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, A. Hoffmann lgt., J. Deckert det. (
<collectionCode id="BAD0B3EDFF8D6308755B655D19EAF9EE" box="[861,948,1609,1635]" pageId="6" pageNumber="150">ZMHB</collectionCode>
); Keetmanshoop Distr. Gellap Ost,
<quantity id="1B3986CDFF8D63087341655D1FC2F9E9" box="[1351,1436,1609,1636]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity>
a.s.l.,
<geoCoordinate id="B9F54DEFFF8D630876DF657B1B04F907" box="[217,346,1647,1674]" degrees="26" direction="south" minutes="24" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" precision="15" seconds="26" value="-26.407223">26°2426″S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="B9F54DEFFF8D63087766657B1BBBF907" box="[352,485,1647,1674]" degrees="18" direction="east" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" precision="15" seconds="38" value="18.010555">18°0038″E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="A87F0DE8FF8D630877F66579183CF90A" box="[496,610,1645,1671]" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" value="2002-10-24">24.x.2002</date>
,
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8D6308746B657918F2F905" box="[621,684,1645,1672]" count="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" type="male">6 ♂♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8D630874B5657918ACF905" box="[691,754,1645,1672]" count="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" type="female">6 ♀♀</specimenCount>
,
<date id="A87F0DE8FF8D630874F965791935F90A" box="[767,875,1645,1671]" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" value="2008-09-09">9.ix.2008</date>
,
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8D63087570657919EBF905" box="[886,949,1645,1672]" count="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" type="male">8 ♂♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8D630875BA657919BBF905" box="[956,997,1645,1672]" count="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, J. Deckert lgt. &amp; det. (
<figureCitation id="44FA37ADFF8D630872ED65791F71F905" box="[1259,1327,1645,1672]" captionStart="FIGURES 35" captionStartId="5.[152,270,1637,1661]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,183,1614]" captionTargetId="figure-38@5.[158,1430,181,1614]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 35. Habitus of South African Thaumastella species. 3—Th. elizabethae Jacobs, 1989, holotype ♂ and its labels; 4—Th. namaquensis Schaefer &amp; Wilcox, 1971, holotype ♂ and its labels; 5—living specimen of Th. namaquensis, Namibia, Gellap, 9.ix.2008. (Photos: 34—D. H. Jacobs, 5—J. Deckert)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14240932" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14240932/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="150">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
, ZMHB); Keetmanshoop Distr.: Gellap Ost
<quantity id="1B3986CDFF8D63087424658518D3F926" box="[546,653,1681,1707]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.23" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" unit="km" value="3.23">3, 23 km</quantity>
NW Keetmanshoop, dwarf shrub savannah (Nama-Karoo), BIOTA 10.005.2001.7.05.572,
<geoCoordinate id="B9F54DEFFF8D6308779A65A3186CF95F" box="[412,562,1719,1746]" degrees="26" direction="south" minutes="24" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" precision="1" seconds="06.4" value="-26.401777">26°2406.4″S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="B9F54DEFFF8D6308743D65A3188BF95F" box="[571,725,1719,1746]" degrees="18" direction="east" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" precision="1" seconds="38.6" value="18.010723">18°0038.6″E</geoCoordinate>
, 10 pitfall traps,
<date id="A87F0DE8FF8D6308759D65A11E68F95D" box="[923,1078,1717,1744]" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" value="2001-04-05" valueMax="2001-04-10" valueMin="2001-04-05">5.10.iv.2001</date>
, 12.0012.00,
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8D630872E665A11F7FF95D" box="[1248,1313,1717,1744]" count="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" type="male">5 ♂♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8D6308732D65A11F33F95D" box="[1323,1389,1717,1744]" count="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" type="female">3 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, M. Uhlig &amp; E. Marais lgt., J. Deckert det. 2003 (
<collectionCode id="BAD0B3EDFF8D6308748665CD1889F97E" box="[640,727,1753,1779]" pageId="6" pageNumber="150">ZMHB</collectionCode>
); ditto, BIOTA 10.005.2001.7.11.1005,
<geoCoordinate id="B9F54DEFFF8D6308728B65CF1F50F97B" box="[1165,1294,1755,1782]" degrees="26" direction="south" minutes="24" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" precision="15" seconds="06" value="-26.401667">26°2406″S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="B9F54DEFFF8D6308731565CF1FC6F97B" box="[1299,1432,1755,1782]" degrees="18" direction="east" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" precision="15" seconds="38" value="18.010555">18°0038″E</geoCoordinate>
, singling,
<date id="A87F0DE8FF8D630876F965E91B35F89A" box="[255,363,1789,1815]" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" value="2001-04-07">7.iv.2001</date>
: 13.30, 32 °C,
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8D6308741665E91803F895" box="[528,605,1789,1816]" count="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" type="male">12 ♂♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8D6308746265E918D3F895" box="[612,653,1789,1816]" count="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, J. Deckert lgt. &amp; det. 2003 (
<collectionCode id="BAD0B3EDFF8D630875D765E91E76F89A" box="[977,1064,1789,1815]" pageId="6" pageNumber="150">ZMHB</collectionCode>
); BIOTA 10.005.2001.7.11.1005,
<geoCoordinate id="B9F54DEFFF8D6308769164371B46F8B3" box="[151,280,1827,1854]" degrees="26" direction="south" minutes="24" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" precision="15" seconds="06" value="-26.401667">26°2406″S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="B9F54DEFFF8D6308772464371BE2F8B3" box="[290,444,1827,1854]" degrees="18" direction="east" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" precision="1" seconds="38.2" value="18.01061">18°0038.2″E</geoCoordinate>
, singling,
<date id="A87F0DE8FF8D63087431643518FDF8B6" box="[567,675,1825,1851]" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" value="2001-04-07">7.iv.2001</date>
: 10:30,
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8D6308750564351918F8B1" box="[771,838,1825,1852]" count="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" type="male">6 ♂♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8D63087557643519CBF8B1" box="[849,917,1825,1852]" count="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" type="female">3 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, J. Deckert lgt. &amp; det. 2003 (
<collectionCode id="BAD0B3EDFF8D630872F264351F15F8B6" box="[1268,1355,1825,1851]" pageId="6" pageNumber="150">ZMHB</collectionCode>
); ditto, BIOTA 10.000.2001.7.11.1001,
<geoCoordinate id="B9F54DEFFF8D63087404645318C6F8EF" box="[514,664,1863,1890]" degrees="26" direction="south" minutes="24" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" precision="1" seconds="26.5" value="-26.40736">26°2426.5″S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="B9F54DEFFF8D6308749964531967F8EF" box="[671,825,1863,1890]" degrees="18" direction="east" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" precision="1" seconds="34.2" value="18.0095">18°0034.2″E</geoCoordinate>
, singling,
<date id="A87F0DE8FF8D630875A964511E45F8D2" box="[943,1051,1861,1887]" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" value="2001-04-07">7.iv.2001</date>
: 10.30,
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8D6308727264511EEAF8ED" box="[1140,1204,1861,1888]" count="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" type="male">3 ♂♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8D630872BA64511EB9F8ED" box="[1212,1255,1861,1888]" count="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, J. Deckert lgt., D. H. Jacobs det. (
<collectionCode id="BAD0B3EDFF8D63087761647D1BEEF80E" box="[359,432,1897,1923]" pageId="6" pageNumber="150">DHJS</collectionCode>
); BIOTA 10.049.2001.7.11.551, 26°2418.5″
<geoCoordinate id="B9F54DEFFF8D630875AB647F1E19F80B" box="[941,1095,1899,1926]" degrees="18" direction="east" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" precision="1" seconds="25.5" value="18.007084">18°0025.5″E</geoCoordinate>
, singling,
<date id="A87F0DE8FF8D630872BA647D1F76F80E" box="[1212,1320,1897,1923]" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" value="2001-04-08">8.iv.2001</date>
: 12.30, 30 °C,
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8D630876C364991B59F825" box="[197,263,1933,1960]" count="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
, Uhlig, Ebert &amp; Deckert lgt., J. Deckert or D. H. Jacobs det. (
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8D630875D7649919A4F825" box="[977,1018,1933,1960]" count="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="BAD0B3EDFF8D6308720564991E17F82A" box="[1027,1097,1933,1959]" pageId="6" pageNumber="150">DHJS</collectionCode>
,
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8D6308725064991EDFF825" box="[1110,1153,1933,1960]" count="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
ZMHB); Keetmanshoop Distr.: Nabaos 7 (Nuwe Fontein),
<quantity id="1B3986CDFF8D6308743464A51821F846" box="[562,639,1969,1995]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" unit="km" value="24.0">24 km</quantity>
NW Keetmanshoop, dwarf shrub savannah (Nama-Karoo), BIOTA 11.031.2001.7.05.571,
<geoCoordinate id="B9F54DEFFF8D6308779F64C31871F87F" box="[409,559,2007,2034]" degrees="26" direction="south" minutes="23" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" precision="1" seconds="38.1" value="-26.393917">26°2338.1″S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="B9F54DEFFF8D6308743064C31891F87F" box="[566,719,2007,2034]" degrees="17" direction="east" minutes="59" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" precision="1" seconds="50.0" value="17.997223">17°5950.0″E</geoCoordinate>
, 10 pitfall traps,
<date id="A87F0DE8FF8D6308758A64C11E76F87D" box="[908,1064,2005,2032]" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" value="2001-04-05" valueMax="2001-04-10" valueMin="2001-04-05">5.10.iv.2001</date>
, 16.0010.00,
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8D630872CB64C11EA9F87D" box="[1229,1271,2005,2032]" count="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8D630872F864C11F76F87D" box="[1278,1320,2005,2032]" count="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="150" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, M. Uhlig &amp; E. Marais lgt., J. Deckert det. 2003 (
<collectionCode id="BAD0B3EDFF8C63097453638318F2FF3C" box="[597,684,151,177]" pageId="7" pageNumber="151">ZMHB</collectionCode>
); ditto, BIOTA 11.031.2001.7.05.298,
<geoCoordinate id="B9F54DEFFF8C63097266638C1EA8FF3E" box="[1120,1270,152,179]" degrees="26" direction="south" minutes="23" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" precision="1" seconds="45.8" value="-26.396055">26°2345.8″S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="B9F54DEFFF8C630972F8638C1FC6FF3E" box="[1278,1432,152,179]" degrees="17" direction="east" minutes="59" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" precision="1" seconds="47.5" value="17.996529">17°5947.5″E</geoCoordinate>
, pitfall traps,
<date id="A87F0DE8FF8C6309772F63AF1BE8FF58" box="[297,438,187,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" value="2002-04-04" valueMax="2002-04-08" valueMin="2002-04-04">4.8.iv.2002</date>
,
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8C630977C563AF1BB1FF58" box="[451,495,187,213]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, M. Uhlig lgt., J. Deckert det. (
<collectionCode id="BAD0B3EDFF8C6309755F63AF19EEFF58" box="[857,944,187,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="151">ZMHB</collectionCode>
); S.W. Afr., S Namib, Rosh-Pinah,
<geoCoordinate id="B9F54DEFFF8C6309734463AE1FC2FF58" box="[1346,1436,186,213]" degrees="27.53" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" precision="555" value="-27.53">27.53°S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="B9F54DEFFF8C6309769163CA1AABFF74" box="[151,245,222,249]" degrees="16.50" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" precision="555" value="16.5">16.50°E</geoCoordinate>
, from under stones,
<date id="A87F0DE8FF8C630977D163CB180FFF74" box="[471,593,223,249]" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" value="1973-09-21">21.ix.1973</date>
,
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8C6309745B63CB18D8FF74" box="[605,646,223,249]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, Endrӧdy-Younga lgt., D. H. Jacobs det. (
<collectionCode id="BAD0B3EDFF8C6309725F63CB1EF3FF74" box="[1113,1197,223,249]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/s8gp-ktsi" name="Transvaal Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="151">TMSA</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="EEB5F73AFF8C630972B963CA1B09FE91" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="151">
<collectingCountry id="A4D66BB8FF8C630972B963CA1FC9FF75" box="[1215,1431,222,248]" name="South Africa" pageId="7" pageNumber="151">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="1E05E5CAFF8C6309769162171B0CFE91" box="[151,338,258,285]" country="South Africa" name="Northern Cape" pageId="7" pageNumber="151">Northern Cape</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
S. Afr.; Richtersveld, Hellskloof,
<quantity id="1B3986CDFF8C630974DB62171946FE90" box="[733,792,259,285]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
N,
<geoCoordinate id="B9F54DEFFF8C63097542621719C0FE90" box="[836,926,259,285]" degrees="28.17" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" precision="555" value="-28.17">28.17°S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="B9F54DEFFF8C630975A162161E5AFE90" box="[935,1028,258,285]" degrees="16.59" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" precision="555" value="16.59">16.59°E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="A87F0DE8FF8C6309721462171ED2FE90" box="[1042,1164,259,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" value="1991-09-26">26.ix.1991</date>
, E-Y: 2798, from under stones,
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8C630976E862331B71FECC" box="[238,303,295,321]" count="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" type="male">9 ♂♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8C6309773E62331B25FECC" box="[312,379,295,321]" count="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" type="female">9 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, Endrӧdy-Younga lgt., D. H. Jacobs det. (
<collectionCode id="BAD0B3EDFF8C63097566623319EAFECC" box="[864,948,295,321]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/s8gp-ktsi" name="Transvaal Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="151">TMSA</collectionCode>
); S. Afr.: Richtersveld, Helskloof,
<geoCoordinate id="B9F54DEFFF8C6309734462331FC2FECC" box="[1346,1436,295,321]" degrees="28.20" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" precision="555" value="-28.2">28.20°S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="B9F54DEFFF8C63097691625E1AABFEE8" box="[151,245,330,357]" degrees="16.59" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" precision="555" value="16.59">16.59°E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="A87F0DE8FF8C63097707625F1B30FEE8" box="[257,366,331,357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" value="2001-09-07">7.ix.2001</date>
; E-Y: 3414, under stones &amp; ground,
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8C63097509625F1911FEE8" box="[783,847,331,357]" count="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" type="male">9 ♂♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8C63097551625E19C6FEE8" box="[855,920,330,357]" count="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" type="female">5 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, SATM staff leg., D. H. Jacobs det. (
<collectionCode id="BAD0B3EDFF8C6309733A625F1FCEFEE8" box="[1340,1424,331,357]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/s8gp-ktsi" name="Transvaal Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="151">TMSA</collectionCode>
); S. Afr., Richtersveld, Ganakom Riv. Valley,
<geoCoordinate id="B9F54DEFFF8C6309748B627B18B9FE04" box="[653,743,367,393]" degrees="28.26" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" precision="555" value="-28.26">28.26°S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="B9F54DEFFF8C630974E9627B1913FE04" box="[751,845,367,393]" degrees="17.12" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" precision="555" value="17.12">17.12°E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="A87F0DE8FF8C6309755C627A1999FE04" box="[858,967,366,393]" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" value="1976-09-05">5.ix.1976</date>
; E-Y: 1221, ground trap with faeces bait, 35 days;
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8C6309770662871B70FE20" box="[256,302,403,429]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
, Endrӧdy-Younga lgt., D. H. Jacobs det. (
<collectionCode id="BAD0B3EDFF8C630975166287193AFE20" box="[784,868,403,429]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/s8gp-ktsi" name="Transvaal Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="151">TMSA</collectionCode>
); ditto, E-Y: 1221, from under stones,
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8C6309731962871F15FE20" box="[1311,1355,403,429]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8C6309735262871FC8FE20" box="[1364,1430,403,429]" count="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" type="female">3 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, Endrӧdy-Younga lgt., D. H. Jacobs det. (
<collectionCode id="BAD0B3EDFF8C6309748562A31889FE5C" box="[643,727,439,465]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/s8gp-ktsi" name="Transvaal Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="151">TMSA</collectionCode>
); S. Afr., Richtersveld, Ekstienfonteinvall (= Eksteenfontein valley?),
<geoCoordinate id="B9F54DEFFF8C6309770A62CF1B38FE78" box="[268,358,475,501]" degrees="28.47" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" precision="555" value="-28.47">28.47°S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="B9F54DEFFF8C6309776962CF1B93FE78" box="[367,461,475,501]" degrees="17.12" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" precision="555" value="17.12">17.12°E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="A87F0DE8FF8C630977DD62CF1808FE78" box="[475,598,475,501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" value="1991-09-28">28.ix.1991</date>
; E-Y: 2804, from under stones,
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8C630975CD62CF19A6FE78" box="[971,1016,475,501]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, Endrӧdy-Younga lgt., D. H. Jacobs det. (
<collectionCode id="BAD0B3EDFF8C630976D462EB1B78FD94" box="[210,294,511,537]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/s8gp-ktsi" name="Transvaal Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="151">TMSA</collectionCode>
); Anenous Pass nr. Steinkopf,
<geoCoordinate id="B9F54DEFFF8C6309748061141881FD96" box="[646,735,512,539]" degrees="29" direction="south" minutes="13" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" precision="925" value="-29.216667">29°13S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="B9F54DEFFF8C630974EE6114191BFD96" box="[744,837,512,539]" degrees="17" direction="east" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" precision="925" value="17.616667">17°37E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="A87F0DE8FF8C6309755562EB19E6FD94" box="[851,952,511,537]" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" value="2002-10-01">1.x.2002</date>
,
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8C630975C062EB1E57FD94" box="[966,1033,511,537]" count="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" type="male">3 ♂♂</specimenCount>
, D. Jacobs &amp; M. Stiller lgt., D. H. Jacobs det. (
<collectionCode id="BAD0B3EDFF8C6309772761371B34FDB0" box="[289,362,547,573]" pageId="7" pageNumber="151">DHJS</collectionCode>
); RSA:
<collectingRegion id="1E05E5CAFF8C630977C46137188BFDB0" box="[450,725,547,573]" country="South Africa" name="Northern Cape" pageId="7" pageNumber="151">Northern Cape Province</collectingRegion>
, Steinkopf,
<geoCoordinate id="B9F54DEFFF8C6309755D61301982FDB2" box="[859,988,548,575]" degrees="29" direction="south" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" precision="15" seconds="31" value="-29.275278">29°1631″S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="B9F54DEFFF8C630975E561301E36FDB2" box="[995,1128,548,575]" degrees="17" direction="east" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" precision="15" seconds="43" value="17.745277">17°4443″E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="A87F0DE8FF8C6309727561371EB5FDB0" box="[1139,1259,547,573]" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" value="2008-09-11">11.ix.2008</date>
,
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8C630972F161361F68FDB0" box="[1271,1334,546,573]" count="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" type="male">5 ♂♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8C6309733B61371F23FDB0" box="[1341,1405,547,573]" count="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" type="female">4 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, J. Deckert lgt., J. Deckert &amp; D. H. Jacobs det. (
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8C6309749061531888FDEC" box="[662,726,583,609]" count="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8C630974D861531940FDEC" box="[734,798,583,609]" count="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="BAD0B3EDFF8C6309752061531932FDEC" box="[806,876,583,609]" pageId="7" pageNumber="151">DHJS</collectionCode>
,
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8C6309757E615319E6FDEC" box="[888,952,583,609]" count="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" type="male">3 ♂♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8C630975C6615319A1FDEC" box="[960,1023,583,609]" count="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
ZMHB); Steinkopf, roadsite,
<quantity id="1B3986CDFF8C6309735361531FC2FDEC" box="[1365,1436,583,609]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
a.s.l.,
<geoCoordinate id="B9F54DEFFF8C630976DF61781BD5FD0A" box="[217,395,620,647]" degrees="29" direction="south" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" precision="1" seconds="58.980" value="-29.28305">29°1658.980″S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="B9F54DEFFF8C6309779761781819FD0A" box="[401,583,620,647]" degrees="17" direction="east" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" precision="1" seconds="56.880" value="17.749134">17°4456.880″E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="A87F0DE8FF8C63097454617F1895FD08" box="[594,715,619,645]" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" value="2008-09-11">11.ix.2008</date>
,
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8C630974D1617F194BFD08" box="[727,789,619,645]" count="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" type="male">3 ♂♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8C6309751A617F1902FD08" box="[796,860,619,645]" count="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" type="female">4 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, J. Deckert lgt. &amp; det. (
<collectionCode id="BAD0B3EDFF8C63097267617F1EE6FD08" box="[1121,1208,619,645]" pageId="7" pageNumber="151">ZMHB</collectionCode>
); nr. Spektakel Pass,
<geoCoordinate id="B9F54DEFFF8C6309769161841AAFFD26" box="[151,241,656,683]" degrees="29" direction="south" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" precision="925" value="-29.683332">29°41S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="B9F54DEFFF8C630976FF61841B0BFD26" box="[249,341,656,683]" degrees="17" direction="east" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" precision="925" value="17.65">17°39E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="A87F0DE8FF8C63097765619B1B83FD24" box="[355,477,655,681]" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" value="1984-09-16">16.ix.1984</date>
,
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8C630977EC619B1872FD24" box="[490,556,655,681]" count="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" type="female">8 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, D. H. Jacobs lgt. &amp; det. (
<collectionCode id="BAD0B3EDFF8C6309755D619B19FAFD24" box="[859,932,655,681]" pageId="7" pageNumber="151">DHJS</collectionCode>
); nr. Spektakel Pass, Namaqualand,
<geoCoordinate id="B9F54DEFFF8C63097344619B1FC2FD24" box="[1346,1436,655,681]" degrees="29.42" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" precision="555" value="-29.42">29.42°S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="B9F54DEFFF8C6309769161A71AABFD40" box="[151,245,691,717]" degrees="17.42" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" precision="555" value="17.42">17.42°E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="A87F0DE8FF8C6309770661A61B35FD40" box="[256,363,690,717]" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" value="1985-04-07">7.iv.1985</date>
,
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8C6309777361A71BEDFD40" box="[373,435,691,717]" count="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8C630977BC61A71BA7FD40" box="[442,505,691,717]" count="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" type="female">6 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, D. H. Jacobs lgt. &amp; det. (
<collectionCode id="BAD0B3EDFF8C6309751E61A7193FFD40" box="[792,865,691,717]" pageId="7" pageNumber="151">DHJS</collectionCode>
); Farm Deurdrift nr. Springbok (
<figureCitation id="44FA37ADFF8C630972CC61A71F71FD40" box="[1226,1327,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 67" captionStartId="8.[152,270,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-20@8.[203,1385,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 67. Habitat of Thaumastella namaquensis Schaefer &amp; Wilcox, 1971, South Africa, Farm Deurdrift near Springbok. (Photos: D. H. Jacobs)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14240934" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14240934/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="151">Figs 67</figureCitation>
),
<geoCoordinate id="B9F54DEFFF8C6309734461A61FC2FD40" box="[1346,1436,690,717]" degrees="29.45" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" precision="555" value="-29.45">29.45°S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="B9F54DEFFF8C6309769161C21AABFD7C" box="[151,245,726,753]" degrees="17.56" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" precision="555" value="17.56">17.56°E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="A87F0DE8FF8C6309770761C21BC2FD7C" box="[257,412,726,753]" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" value="1985-04-06" valueMax="1985-04-13" valueMin="1985-04-06">6.13.iv.1985</date>
,
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8C630977AE61C21BABFD7C" box="[424,501,726,753]" count="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" type="male">15 ♂♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8C630977FA61C31814FD7C" box="[508,586,727,753]" count="22" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" type="female">22 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, D. H. Jacobs lgt. &amp; det (
<collectionCode id="BAD0B3EDFF8C6309756E61C319EFFD7C" box="[872,945,727,753]" pageId="7" pageNumber="151">DHJS</collectionCode>
); ditto,
<date id="A87F0DE8FF8C6309720061C31EECFD7C" box="[1030,1202,727,753]" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" value="1984-09-13" valueMax="1984-09-17" valueMin="1984-09-13">13.17.ix.1984</date>
,
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8C630972BB61C31EA2FD7C" box="[1213,1276,727,753]" count="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8C6309730561C31F0FFD7C" box="[1283,1361,727,753]" count="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" type="female">10 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, D. H. Jacobs lgt. &amp; det. (
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8C6309777661EF1BEFFC98" box="[368,433,763,789]" count="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8C630977BC61EF1856FC98" box="[442,520,763,789]" count="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" type="female">10 ♀♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="BAD0B3EDFF8C6309741661EF1808FC98" box="[528,598,763,789]" pageId="7" pageNumber="151">DHJS</collectionCode>
,
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8C6309746561EF18FDFC98" box="[611,675,763,789]" count="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8C630974AA61EF18B2FC98" box="[684,748,763,789]" count="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
BMNH); S. Afr., Namaqualand, Springbok,
<quantity id="1B3986CDFF8C630972ED61EF1F68FC98" box="[1259,1334,763,789]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" unit="km" value="18.0">18 km</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate id="B9F54DEFFF8C6309734461EF1FC2FC98" box="[1346,1436,763,789]" degrees="29.47" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" precision="555" value="-29.47">29.47°S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="B9F54DEFFF8C63097691600A1AADFCB4" box="[151,243,798,825]" degrees="19.50" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" precision="555" value="19.5">19.50°E</geoCoordinate>
[error on label, should be
<geoCoordinate id="B9F54DEFFF8C6309741F600A1824FCB4" box="[537,634,798,825]" degrees="17.50" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" precision="555" value="17.5">17.50°E</geoCoordinate>
],
<date id="A87F0DE8FF8C6309748A600B1948FCB4" box="[652,790,799,825]" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" value="1977-08-26">26.viii.1977</date>
; E-Y: 1334, ground traps with faeces bait, 61 days;
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8C63097350600B1FC8FCB4" box="[1366,1430,799,825]" count="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, Endrӧdy-Younga lgt., D. H. Jacobs det. (
<collectionCode id="BAD0B3EDFF8C6309746E605718E2FCD0" box="[616,700,835,861]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/s8gp-ktsi" name="Transvaal Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="151">TMSA</collectionCode>
); S. Afr., Namaqualand, Mesklip,
<geoCoordinate id="B9F54DEFFF8C6309724660571EC4FCD0" box="[1088,1178,835,861]" degrees="29.49" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" precision="555" value="-29.49">29.49°S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="B9F54DEFFF8C630972A460561F5EFCD0" box="[1186,1280,834,861]" degrees="17.52" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" precision="555" value="17.52">17.52°E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="A87F0DE8FF8C6309730B60571FC6FCD0" box="[1293,1432,835,861]" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" value="1977-08-26">26.viii.1977</date>
; E-Y: 1335, ground traps, 61 days,
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8C630974226073180FFC0C" box="[548,593,871,897]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, Endrӧdy-Younga lgt., D. H. Jacobs det. (
<collectionCode id="BAD0B3EDFF8C6309723360731ED7FC0C" box="[1077,1161,871,897]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/s8gp-ktsi" name="Transvaal Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="151">TMSA</collectionCode>
); S. Afr., Namaqualand, Springbok, Mesklip,
<geoCoordinate id="B9F54DEFFF8C63097782609F1B80FC28" box="[388,478,907,933]" degrees="29.49" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" precision="555" value="-29.49">29.49°S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="B9F54DEFFF8C630977E0609E181DFC28" box="[486,579,906,933]" degrees="17.52" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" precision="555" value="17.52">17.52°E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="A87F0DE8FF8C63097449609F1884FC28" box="[591,730,907,933]" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" value="1976-08-30">30.viii.1976</date>
; E-Y: 1184, ground traps with meat bait, 43 days,
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8C63097309609F1F10FC28" box="[1295,1358,907,933]" count="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8C63097350609F1FC8FC28" box="[1366,1430,907,933]" count="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" type="female">6 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, Endrӧdy-Younga lgt., D. H. Jacobs det. (
<collectionCode id="BAD0B3EDFF8C6309746360BB18E7FC44" box="[613,697,943,969]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/s8gp-ktsi" name="Transvaal Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="151">TMSA</collectionCode>
). S. Africa (16), Hester Malan
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F5864A41FF8C6309721E60BB1E09FC44" box="[1048,1111,943,969]" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" rank="subSpecies">N. R.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, 10 mls. E Springbok, under cut lucerne [
<emphasis id="EEB5F73AFF8C6309772760C71BBEFC61" box="[289,480,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="151">
<taxonomicName id="1BC150ABFF8C6309772760C71B83FC61" box="[289,477,979,1005]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Medicago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sativa">Medicago sativa</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1BC150ABFF8C630977E060C7180AFC60" box="[486,596,979,1005]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
],
<date id="A87F0DE8FF8C6309746360C718B8FC60" box="[613,742,979,1005]" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" value="1972-01-07" valueMax="1972-01-08" valueMin="1972-01-07">7.8.i.1972</date>
,
<specimenCount id="CAC7E0A1FF8C630974F660C71945FC60" box="[752,795,979,1005]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
, Southern African Exp. 1972-1, W. Dolling det., P. Kment revid. (
<collectionCode id="BAD0B3EDFF8C630976E160E31B1FFB9C" box="[231,321,1015,1041]" pageId="7" pageNumber="151">BMNH</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DC7E2B28FF8C630976C1670E19E8F9DC" blockId="7.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="7" pageNumber="151">
<emphasis id="EEB5F73AFF8C630976C1670E1B74FBB9" bold="true" box="[199,298,1050,1076]" pageId="7" pageNumber="151">Habitat.</emphasis>
Sweet, in
<bibRefCitation id="B85056D9FF8C630977A4670F1890FBB8" author="Schaefer, C. W. &amp; Wilcox, D. B." box="[418,718,1051,1077]" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" pagination="207 - 214" refId="ref14861" refString="Schaefer, C. W. &amp; Wilcox, D. B. (1971) A new species of Thaumastellidae (Hemiptera: Pentatomoidea) from southern Africa. Journal of the Entomological Society of South Africa, 34 (2), 207 - 214." type="journal article" year="1971">Schaefer &amp; Wilcox (1971)</bibRefCitation>
, provided the following description of the habitat at Springbok: This area is delimited as the biotic Province of Little Namaqualand, with low precipitation which falls chiefly during the winter months. The low vegetation is correspondingly largely a karoo flora with some
<collectingRegion id="1E05E5CAFF8C6309727A67771EE8FBF0" box="[1148,1206,1123,1149]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="7" pageNumber="151">Cape</collectingRegion>
elements; the period of major biotic activity is early spring. The collecting site was a bouldery hillside with a sunny northwest exposure and a slope of about 20°. Kokerboom [= Quiver] trees (
<taxonomicName id="1BC150ABFF8C6309752867BF1E1BFB48" authority="Masson" authorityName="Masson" box="[814,1093,1195,1221]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Crassulaceae" genus="Aloe" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
<emphasis id="EEB5F73AFF8C6309752867BF19BCFB48" box="[814,994,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="151">Aloe dichotoma</emphasis>
Masson
</taxonomicName>
[=
<taxonomicName id="1BC150ABFF8C6309727267BF1FCAFB48" box="[1140,1428,1195,1221]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloidendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dichotomum">
<emphasis id="EEB5F73AFF8C6309727267BF1FCAFB48" box="[1140,1428,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="151">Aloidendron dichotomum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="1BC150ABFF8C6309769167DB1B1BFB64" authorityName="de Jussieu" authorityYear="1789" box="[151,325,1231,1257]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asphodelaceae</taxonomicName>
]) occurred on top of the hill. The perennial plants consisted primarily of succulent
<taxonomicName id="1BC150ABFF8C630972CE67DB1F30FB64" box="[1224,1390,1231,1257]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Euphorbiaceae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="1BC150ABFF8C6309769167E71BDEFA80" box="[151,384,1267,1293]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aizoaceae" genus="Mesembryanthemum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EEB5F73AFF8C6309769167E71BDEFA80" box="[151,384,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="151">Mesembryanthemum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<taxonomicName id="1BC150ABFF8C6309778867E71857FA80" box="[398,521,1267,1293]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aizoaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Aizoaceae</taxonomicName>
] and at this time, many drying and dying ephemerals, mostly
<taxonomicName id="1BC150ABFF8C630972BA67E71F65FA80" box="[1212,1339,1267,1293]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
. Grasses were very infrequent and large areas of bare sandy soil were present.
<taxonomicName id="1BC150ABFF8C630975BD66031E0DFABC" authorityName="Horvath" authorityYear="1896" box="[955,1107,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumastellidae" genus="Thaumastella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EEB5F73AFF8C630975BD66031E0DFABC" box="[955,1107,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="151">Thaumastella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found just underground in small chambers about 1″ by 5″ [= 25.4
<quantity id="1B3986CDFF8C63097485662E18BDFAD8" box="[643,739,1338,1365]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" unit="mm" value="127.0">127 mm</quantity>
] in soft sandy soil along the margin of a boulder. Five or six bugs were found together in a group and two were found singly. The thaumastellids were very lygaeid-like in their movements and were initially taken to be a
<taxonomicName id="1BC150ABFF8C6309749C66971954FA10" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1829" box="[666,778,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" genus="Plinthisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EEB5F73AFF8C6309749C66971954FA10" box="[666,778,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="151">Plinthisus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[Stephens, 1829,
<taxonomicName id="1BC150ABFF8C630975DB66971EE9FA10" box="[989,1207,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Rhyparochromidae</taxonomicName>
] or a small blissine [
<taxonomicName id="1BC150ABFF8C6309769866B31B53FA4C" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1862" box="[158,269,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Blissidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Blissidae</taxonomicName>
]. In the laboratory, the thaumastellids spent most of the time hiding as a group under a flake of bark. The insects fed readily on sunflower, and peanut and some small seeds from the habitat, and grew fairly fat, swelling the abdominal conjunctiva. Although the insects lived for three months in the laboratory, no mating was observed and no eggs were laid. This suggests that the insects were in reproductive diapause and may have already completed their life cycle by mid-September (Sweet in
<bibRefCitation id="B85056D9FF8C63097496652319F4F9DC" author="Schaefer, C. W. &amp; Wilcox, D. B." box="[656,938,1591,1617]" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" pagination="207 - 214" refId="ref14861" refString="Schaefer, C. W. &amp; Wilcox, D. B. (1971) A new species of Thaumastellidae (Hemiptera: Pentatomoidea) from southern Africa. Journal of the Entomological Society of South Africa, 34 (2), 207 - 214." type="journal article" year="1971">Schaefer &amp; Wilcox 1971</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DC7E2B28FF8C630976C1654F1E4FF834" blockId="7.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="7" pageNumber="151">
Jacobs (1989) descibed the habitat and bionomics of
<taxonomicName id="1BC150ABFF8C63097537654F19AFF9F9" authorityName="Schaefer &amp; Wilcox" authorityYear="1971" box="[817,1009,1627,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumastellidae" genus="Thaumastella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namaquensis">
<emphasis id="EEB5F73AFF8C63097537654F19AFF9F9" box="[817,1009,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="151">Th. namaquensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as follows: At Springbok (
<figureCitation id="44FA37ADFF8C6309732B654F1FCBF9F8" box="[1325,1429,1627,1653]" captionStart="FIGURES 67" captionStartId="8.[152,270,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-20@8.[203,1385,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 67. Habitat of Thaumastella namaquensis Schaefer &amp; Wilcox, 1971, South Africa, Farm Deurdrift near Springbok. (Photos: D. H. Jacobs)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14240934" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14240934/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="151">Figs 67</figureCitation>
) most of the specimens were collected under fairly large stones in cavities which are exposed when the stones are removed. Single specimens were also collected on the ground near the stones, especially at dusk, but individuals of
<taxonomicName id="1BC150ABFF8C6309769165D31B08F96D" authorityName="Schaefer &amp; Wilcox" authorityYear="1971" box="[151,342,1735,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumastellidae" genus="Thaumastella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namaquensis">
<emphasis id="EEB5F73AFF8C6309769165D31B08F96D" box="[151,342,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="151">Th. namaquensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seemed reluctant to leave their sheltered environment. Even night visits, to the spots where they were abundant produced no individuals above-ground. It is possible that they live on seeds that are accumulated by the wind against the stones and very seldom leave their shelters. Although they were found at scattered spots they seemed to be especially abundant where a few suitable stones were present in or near old or existing sheep and goat kraals, despite different species of plants were present in the kraals at Deurdrift and Spektakelberg. It is possible that the manure and moisture supplied by the sheep and goats could maintain better seed-producing vegetation in this arid region to the advantage of the bugs which are almost certainly seed-eating.
</paragraph>
<caption id="88BE7BA0FF836306769E64831BDDF859" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14240934" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14240934" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14240934/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="152" startId="8.[152,270,1943,1967]" targetBox="[203,1385,181,1920]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="DC7E2B28FF836306769E64831BDDF859" blockId="8.[151,1437,1943,2004]" pageId="8" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="EEB5F73AFF836306769E64831B1EF822" bold="true" box="[152,320,1943,1967]" pageId="8" pageNumber="152">FIGURES 67.</emphasis>
Habitat of
<taxonomicName id="1BC150ABFF83630677A9648C1997F83D" authority="Schaefer &amp; Wilcox, 1971" authorityName="Schaefer &amp; Wilcox" authorityYear="1971" box="[431,969,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumastellidae" genus="Thaumastella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namaquensis">
<emphasis id="EEB5F73AFF83630677A9648C189CF822" box="[431,706,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="152">Thaumastella namaquensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B85056D9FF83630674CE648C1997F83D" author="Schaefer, C. W. &amp; Wilcox, D. B." box="[712,969,1944,1968]" pageId="8" pageNumber="152" pagination="207 - 214" refId="ref14861" refString="Schaefer, C. W. &amp; Wilcox, D. B. (1971) A new species of Thaumastellidae (Hemiptera: Pentatomoidea) from southern Africa. Journal of the Entomological Society of South Africa, 34 (2), 207 - 214." type="journal article" year="1971">Schaefer &amp; Wilcox, 1971</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, South Africa, Farm Deurdrift near Springbok. (Photos: D. H. Jacobs).
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<paragraph id="DC7E2B28FF826307769E60831B99FC59" blockId="9.[151,1436,919,980]" pageId="9" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="EEB5F73AFF826307769E60831B44FC3D" bold="true" box="[152,282,919,944]" pageId="9" pageNumber="153">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
Landscape where an undescribed
<taxonomicName id="1BC150ABFF8263077487608C1902FC3D" box="[641,860,920,944]" pageId="9" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="EEB5F73AFF8263077487608C1955FC3D" box="[641,779,920,944]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="153">Thaumastella</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
was collected near Beaufort West in the Karroo, South Africa. (Photo: D. H. Jacobs).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="DC7E2B28FF82630776C167321858FB21" blockId="9.[151,1437,1062,1917]" pageId="9" pageNumber="153">
Jürgen Deckert and colleagues collected
<taxonomicName id="1BC150ABFF82630774996732193EFBCD" authorityName="Schaefer &amp; Wilcox" authorityYear="1971" box="[671,864,1062,1088]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumastellidae" genus="Thaumastella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namaquensis">
<emphasis id="EEB5F73AFF82630774996732193EFBCD" box="[671,864,1062,1088]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="153">Th. namaquensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="A4D66BB8FF826307758F673219B7FBCD" box="[905,1001,1062,1088]" name="Namibia" pageId="9" pageNumber="153">Namibia</collectingCountry>
with pitfall traps filled with ethylene glycol on two different locations, one was heavily grazed by sheep and goats (Nabaos) while in the other (Gellap Ost) there were no sheep or goats, but instead, there was a better developed vegetation where more specimens were found (J. Deckert, pers. observ.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DC7E2B28FF82630776C167A21B16FAED" blockId="9.[151,1437,1062,1917]" pageId="9" pageNumber="153">
A few of the specimens were collected by means of ground traps, some of them baited by faeces or meat; it remains a question if these events were merely an accident or that
<taxonomicName id="1BC150ABFF826307757967CE1E49FB79" authorityName="Horvath" authorityYear="1896" box="[895,1047,1242,1268]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumastellidae" genus="Thaumastella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EEB5F73AFF826307757967CE1E49FB79" box="[895,1047,1242,1268]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="153">Thaumastella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is occassionally using such diet as it is know in many other
<taxonomicName id="1BC150ABFF82630777B167EA18DAFA95" box="[439,644,1278,1304]" class="Magnoliopsida" infraOrder="Pentatomomorpha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="9" pageNumber="162" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="infraOrder">Pentatomomorpha</taxonomicName>
species (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="B85056D9FF826307752E67EA19AFFA95" author="Payne, J. A. &amp; Mead, F. W. &amp; King, E. W." box="[808,1009,1278,1304]" pageId="9" pageNumber="153" pagination="565 - 567" refId="ref14191" refString="Payne, J. A., Mead, F. W. &amp; King, E. W. (1968) Hemiptera associated with pig carrion. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 61, 565 - 567. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 61.3.565" type="journal article" year="1968">
Payne
<emphasis id="EEB5F73AFF826307757267EB19F0FA95" box="[884,942,1278,1304]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="153">et al.</emphasis>
1968
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="B85056D9FF82630775FA67EA1F5AFA95" author="Adler, P. H. &amp; Wheeler, A. G. Jr." box="[1020,1284,1278,1304]" pageId="9" pageNumber="153" pagination="21 - 27" refId="ref11157" refString="Adler, P. H. &amp; Wheeler, A. G. Jr. (1984) Extra-phytophagous food sources of Hemiptera Heteroptera: Bird droppings, dung, and carrion. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 57, 21 - 27." type="journal article" year="1984">Adler &amp; Wheeler 1984</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="B85056D9FF826307731667EA1FC6FA95" author="Booth, C. L." box="[1296,1432,1278,1304]" pageId="9" pageNumber="153" pagination="15 - 22" refId="ref11560" refString="Booth, C. L. (1990) Biology of Largus californicus (Hemiptera: Largidae). Southwestern Naturalist, 35, 15 - 22. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3671980" type="journal article" year="1990">Booth 1990</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="B85056D9FF826307769166361B3CFAB1" author="Cherot, F. &amp; Pauwels, O. S. G. &amp; Eger, J. E. &amp; Chimsunchart, C." box="[151,354,1314,1340]" pageId="9" pageNumber="153" pagination="207 - 208" refId="ref11660" refString="Cherot, F., Pauwels, O. S. G., Eger, J. E. &amp; Chimsunchart, C. (1998) Unusual feeding behavior in a Scutellerid: A case of scavenging on snake. Natural History Bulletin of the Siam Society, 46, 207 - 208." type="journal article" year="1998">
Chérot
<emphasis id="EEB5F73AFF82630776EC66371B7FFAB1" box="[234,289,1314,1340]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="153">et al.</emphasis>
1998
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="B85056D9FF826307776A66361BB7FAB1" author="Voigt, K." box="[364,489,1314,1340]" pageId="9" pageNumber="153" pagination="133 - 134" refId="ref15305" refString="Voigt, K. (2001) Thyreocoris scarabaeoides (L.) an Aas gefunden (Insecta, Heteroptera, Cydnidae). Carolinea, 59, 133 - 134." type="journal article" year="2001">Voigt 2001</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="B85056D9FF82630777F5663618E6FAB1" author="Lopez, C. N. &amp; Portorreal, Y. C. &amp; Martinez, Y. M." box="[499,696,1314,1340]" pageId="9" pageNumber="153" pagination="441 - 447" refId="ref13981" refString="Lopez, C. N., Portorreal, Y. C. &amp; Martinez, Y. M. (2009) Artropodos presentes en la putrefaccion de cadaveres de cerdos (Sus scrofa) en Santiago de Cuba, Cuba. Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa, 44, 441 - 447." type="journal article" year="2009">
López
<emphasis id="EEB5F73AFF826307744666371829FAB1" box="[576,631,1314,1340]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="153">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="B85056D9FF82630774C466361933FAB1" author="Baz, A. &amp; Cifrian, B. &amp; Martin-Vega, D. &amp; Baena, M." box="[706,877,1314,1340]" pageId="9" pageNumber="153" pagination="21 - 30" refId="ref11288" refString="Baz, A., Cifrian, B., Martin-Vega, D. &amp; Baena, M. (2010) Phytophagous insects captured in carrion baited traps in central Spain. Bulletin of Insectology, 63, 21 - 30." type="journal article" year="2010">
Baz
<emphasis id="EEB5F73AFF82630774F266371972FAB1" box="[756,812,1314,1340]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="153">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="B85056D9FF826307757166361E33FAB1" author="Ekanem, M. S. &amp; Dike, M. C." box="[887,1133,1314,1340]" pageId="9" pageNumber="153" pagination="561 - 570" refId="ref11965" refString="Ekanem, M. S. &amp; Dike, M. C. (2010) Arthropod succession on pig carcasses in Southeastern Nigeria. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 50 (35), 561 - 570. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0031 - 10492010003500001" type="journal article" year="2010">Ekanem &amp; Dike 2010</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="B85056D9FF826307727166361F74FAB0" author="Eger, J. E. &amp; Brailovsky, H. &amp; Henry, T. J." box="[1143,1322,1314,1341]" pageId="9" pageNumber="153" pagination="1030 - 1035" refId="ref11910" refString="Eger, J. E., Brailovsky, H. &amp; Henry, T. J. (2015) Heteroptera attracted to butterfly traps baited with fish or shrimp carrion. Florida Entomologist, 98 (4), 1030 - 1035. https: // doi. org / 10.1653 / 024.098.0404" type="journal article" year="2015">
<collectingRegion id="1E05E5CAFF826307727166361EF2FAB1" box="[1143,1196,1314,1340]" country="Hungary" name="Eger" pageId="9" pageNumber="153">Eger</collectingRegion>
<emphasis id="EEB5F73AFF82630772B466371EB7FAB1" box="[1202,1257,1314,1340]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="153">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="B85056D9FF826307733266361B62FAED" author="Valcarcel, J. P. &amp; Goula, A. M." pageId="9" pageNumber="153" pagination="133 - 134" refId="ref15262" refString="Valcarcel, J. P. &amp; Goula, A. M. (2018) Necrophagous behaviour in Melanocoryphus albomaculatus (Goeze, 1778) (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae: Lygaeinae). Arquivos Entomoloxicos, 19, 133 - 134." type="journal article" year="2018">Valcárcel &amp; Goula 2018</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DC7E2B28FF82630776C1667E1F3CF9D1" blockId="9.[151,1437,1062,1917]" pageId="9" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="EEB5F73AFF82630776C1667E1B17FA09" bold="true" box="[199,329,1386,1412]" pageId="9" pageNumber="153">Phenology.</emphasis>
Collected regularly in April and August to October (
<bibRefCitation id="B85056D9FF82630775AC667E1E94FA09" author="Schaefer, C. W. &amp; Wilcox, D. B." box="[938,1226,1386,1412]" pageId="9" pageNumber="153" pagination="207 - 214" refId="ref14861" refString="Schaefer, C. W. &amp; Wilcox, D. B. (1971) A new species of Thaumastellidae (Hemiptera: Pentatomoidea) from southern Africa. Journal of the Entomological Society of South Africa, 34 (2), 207 - 214." type="journal article" year="1971">Schaefer &amp; Wilcox 1971</bibRefCitation>
, Jacobs 1989, this paper), with exception of a single specimen found in January (this paper). Although August to September is the time of year when most of the plants of this winter rainfall area produce flowers and seeds, thaumastellid nymphs were only found during April. Nymphs of all stages were found together with the adults (Jacobs 1989). The collection dates are probably not a true reflection on when the species occur or are active but the result of the fact that most collecting in Namaqualand is done in August to October when most plants grow and actively flower. Most probably the bugs are around all year round, but are less active and mostly underground and under stones in the winter.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="94DB78A3FF82630776C165721893F8F1" pageId="9" pageNumber="153" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="DC7E2B28FF82630776C165721AB8F945" blockId="9.[151,1437,1062,1917]" pageId="9" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="EEB5F73AFF82630776C165721B07F90D" bold="true" box="[199,345,1638,1664]" pageId="9" pageNumber="153">Distribution</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="44FA37ADFF826307776A65721BB9F90D" box="[364,487,1638,1664]" captionStart="FIGURES 911" captionStartId="10.[152,270,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-20@10.[203,1385,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 911. Distribution maps of Thaumastella species: 9—general view; 10—detailed distribution of Th. aradoides Horváth, 1896 in North Africa and Near East; 11—detailed distribution of Th. elizabethae Jacobs, 1989, Th. namaquensis Schaefer &amp; Wilcox, 1971 and Thaumastella sp. nov. in Namibia and South Africa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14240938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14240938/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="153">Figs 9, 10</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="EEB5F73AFF82630777F9657219BFF90D" bold="true" box="[511,993,1638,1664]" pageId="9" pageNumber="153">
AFROTROPICAL REGION:
<collectingCountry id="A4D66BB8FF826307757765721982F90D" box="[881,988,1638,1664]" name="Namibia" pageId="9" pageNumber="153">Namibia</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="1E05E5CAFF82630775EA65721E1FF90D" box="[1004,1089,1638,1664]" country="Namibia" name="Hardap" pageId="9" pageNumber="153">Hardap</collectingRegion>
, ||Kharas (
<bibRefCitation id="B85056D9FF82630772BA65721A8FF929" author="Schaefer, C. W. &amp; Wilcox, D. B." pageId="9" pageNumber="153" pagination="207 - 214" refId="ref14861" refString="Schaefer, C. W. &amp; Wilcox, D. B. (1971) A new species of Thaumastellidae (Hemiptera: Pentatomoidea) from southern Africa. Journal of the Entomological Society of South Africa, 34 (2), 207 - 214." type="journal article" year="1971">Schaefer &amp; Wilcox 1971</bibRefCitation>
, this paper),
<emphasis id="EEB5F73AFF826307776E659E1855F929" bold="true" box="[360,523,1674,1700]" pageId="9" pageNumber="153">
<collectingCountry id="A4D66BB8FF826307776E659E1859F929" box="[360,519,1674,1700]" name="South Africa" pageId="9" pageNumber="153">South Africa</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="1E05E5CAFF8263077412659E18E2F929" box="[532,700,1674,1700]" country="South Africa" name="Northern Cape" pageId="9" pageNumber="153">Northern Cape</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B85056D9FF82630774CA659E19B2F929" author="Schaefer, C. W. &amp; Wilcox, D. B." box="[716,1004,1674,1700]" pageId="9" pageNumber="153" pagination="207 - 214" refId="ref14861" refString="Schaefer, C. W. &amp; Wilcox, D. B. (1971) A new species of Thaumastellidae (Hemiptera: Pentatomoidea) from southern Africa. Journal of the Entomological Society of South Africa, 34 (2), 207 - 214." type="journal article" year="1971">Schaefer &amp; Wilcox 1971</bibRefCitation>
, Jacobs 1989,
<bibRefCitation id="B85056D9FF8263077293659E1F39F929" author="Jacobs, D. H. &amp; Viljoen, H. W." box="[1173,1383,1674,1700]" pageId="9" pageNumber="153" pagination="459 - 463" refId="ref13011" refString="Jacobs, D. H., Apps, P. J. &amp; Viljoen, H. W. (1989) The composition of the defensive secretions of Thaumastella namaquensis and T. elizabethae with notes on the higher classification of the Thaumastellidae (Insecta: Heteroptera). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Series B, 93, 459 - 463. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0305 - 0491 (89) 90107 - 7" type="journal article" year="1989">
Jacobs
<emphasis id="EEB5F73AFF82630772EF659F1F7DF929" box="[1257,1315,1674,1700]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="153">et al.</emphasis>
1989
</bibRefCitation>
, this paper).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DC7E2B28FF82630776C165C61893F8F1" blockId="9.[151,1437,1062,1917]" pageId="9" pageNumber="153">
According to
<bibRefCitation id="B85056D9FF826307775965C618D8F961" author="Schaefer, C. W. &amp; Wilcox, D. B." box="[351,646,1746,1772]" pageId="9" pageNumber="153" pagination="207 - 214" refId="ref14861" refString="Schaefer, C. W. &amp; Wilcox, D. B. (1971) A new species of Thaumastellidae (Hemiptera: Pentatomoidea) from southern Africa. Journal of the Entomological Society of South Africa, 34 (2), 207 - 214." type="journal article" year="1971">Schaefer &amp; Wilcox (1971)</bibRefCitation>
, the
<typeStatus id="037A958AFF82630774B165C618B9F961" box="[695,743,1746,1772]" pageId="9" pageNumber="153">type</typeStatus>
series of
<taxonomicName id="1BC150ABFF826307755665C61E52F961" authorityName="Schaefer &amp; Wilcox" authorityYear="1971" box="[848,1036,1746,1772]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumastellidae" genus="Thaumastella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namaquensis">
<emphasis id="EEB5F73AFF826307755665C61E52F961" box="[848,1036,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="153">Th. namaquensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is from Vioolsdrift, near the Orange
<collectingRegion id="1E05E5CAFF826307769165E21A8BF89D" box="[151,213,1782,1808]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="9" pageNumber="153">River</collectingRegion>
near the southern end of the Namib Desert, which is a very dry area (1.5 in. [= 38.1 mm] annual rainfall) with scant vegetation. The specimens collected near Springbok, about
<quantity id="1B3986CDFF8263077569640E1991F8B9" box="[879,975,1818,1845]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.207008" pageId="9" pageNumber="153" unit="mi" value="75.0">75 miles</quantity>
[= 120.7 km] south of Vioolsdrift, comes from a little less dry area (
<quantity id="1B3986CDFF82630777C7642A1840F8D5" box="[449,542,1854,1880]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" metricValueMax="2.54" metricValueMin="2.032" pageId="9" pageNumber="153" unit="in" value="9.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="8.0">810 in.</quantity>
[= 203.2
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] annual rainfall). The annual average precipitation in Gellap Ost is about
<quantity id="1B3986CDFF826307772264761BDFF8F1" box="[292,385,1890,1917]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="153" unit="mm" value="150.0">150 mm</quantity>
per year (
<bibRefCitation id="B85056D9FF82630777F76476189FF8F1" author="Berger, K. &amp; Haensler, A. &amp; Luther-Mosebach, J." box="[497,705,1890,1916]" pageId="9" pageNumber="153" refId="ref11331" refString="Berger, K., Haensler, A. &amp; Luther-Mosebach, J. (2010) Gellap Ost, Climate. In: Jurgens, N., Haarmeyer, D. H., Luther-Mosebach, J., Dengler, J., Finckh, M. &amp; Schmiedel, U. (Eds.), Biodiversity in southern Africa 1: Patterns at local scale - the BIOTA Observatories. Klaus Hess Publishers, Gottingen &amp; Windhoek, pp. 400. [Complete pagination: xx + 801 pp.]" type="book" year="2010">
Berger
<emphasis id="EEB5F73AFF826307744364771820F8F1" box="[581,638,1890,1916]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="153">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>