291 lines
34 KiB
XML
291 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="7B2B240F32E233824FE9028D93C7D40D" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4144.2.1" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4144.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="63c206b8-c610-40fc-b044-020934eef021" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="272039" ID-ZooBank="3A7B0E6F-F553-48E9-B640-2BED0DF598F7" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1469599605646" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lowry, J. K. & Baldanzi, S." docDate="2016" docId="54525029FF996E01FF04FF1A208EDF17" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4144.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4144 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Capeorchestia capensis" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="171" masterDocId="A86B2851FF8D6E15FF93FF8D2426D812" masterDocTitle="New talitrids from South Africa (Amphipoda, Senticaudata, Talitroidea, Talitridae) with notes on their ecology" masterLastPageNumber="174" masterPageNumber="151" pageNumber="171" updateTime="1698366229466" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="A4C54E9FE4C289DF03B9ACC9DA082523">New talitrids from South Africa (Amphipoda, Senticaudata, Talitroidea, Talitridae) with notes on their ecology</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9BBDAFE6BFBB068C2FBA626E3256AE96">Lowry, J. K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="5D88BE73754C30B541C3FCC989C447DE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="77AE66648C837A723A286B1CC58B9F8E">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5F0EF3974047BE7FE5BA58D12B60564D">4144</mods:number>
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<heading id="870C5653FF996E01FF04FF1A2583D8A2" bold="true" box="[151,421,151,176]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="1BFB9ABCFF996E01FF04FF1A2583D8A2" ID-CoL="5WXJS" box="[151,421,151,176]" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Capeorchestia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
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<emphasis id="EE8F3D2DFF996E01FF04FF1A2583D8A2" bold="true" box="[151,421,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Capeorchestia capensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="94E1B2B4FF996E01FF54FF312149DB92" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="DC44E13FFF996E01FF54FF3126ACD9E6" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1797]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">
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<taxonomicName id="1BFB9ABCFF996E01FF54FF3125FFD8C6" ID-CoL="5WXJS" box="[199,473,188,213]" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Capeorchestia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
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<emphasis id="EE8F3D2DFF996E01FF54FF3125FFD8C6" box="[199,473,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Capeorchestia capensis</emphasis>
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is a widely distributed sand-hopper along the
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<collectingCounty id="352599B3FF996E01FBB5FF3120EAD8C7" box="[1062,1228,188,213]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">South African</collectingCounty>
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coasts (
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<figureCitation id="44C0FDBAFF996E01FAAAFF3121A8D8C6" box="[1337,1422,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[345,1241,1154,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[340,1247,1150,1905]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 13. Map of South Africa (RSA) and Namibia (NAM) showing the geographical distribution of Capeorchestia capensis (solid line), Africorchestia quadrispinosa (dotted line) and A. meridionalis (dashed line). The spatial distribution of C. capensis overlap with the one of A. quadrispinosa (on the west coast of South Africa) and with A. meridionalis (south coast of South Africa)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272051/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Fig 13</figureCitation>
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), encompassing at least three major biogeographic regions (
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<bibRefCitation id="B86A9CCEFF996E01FCB6FF5227DCD8EA" author="Branch" box="[805,1018,223,248]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Branch, G. M., Griffiths, C. L., Branch, M. L. & Beckley, L. F. (2008) Two Oceans: A guide to the marine life of southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town / Johannesburg, 368 pp." type="book" year="2008">
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Branch
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<emphasis id="EE8F3D2DFF996E01FCECFF6C279ED8EA" box="[895,952,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">et al.</emphasis>
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2008
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="B86A9CCEFF996E01FB95FF5220C8D8EA" author="Baldanzi" box="[1030,1262,223,248]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Baldanzi, S., McQuaid, C. D., Cannicci, S. & Porri, F. (2013) Environmental Domains and Range-Limiting Mechanisms: Testing the Abundant Centre Hypothesis Using Southern African Sandhoppers. PLoS ONE, 8, e 54598. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0054598" type="journal article" year="2013">
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Baldanzi
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||
<emphasis id="EE8F3D2DFF996E01FBE2FF6C208CD8EA" box="[1137,1194,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">et al.</emphasis>
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||
2013
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
). The historical spatial distribution of
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||
<taxonomicName id="1BFB9ABCFF996E01FE05FE88263FD90E" ID-CoL="5WXJS" box="[406,537,261,284]" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Capeorchestia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
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<emphasis id="EE8F3D2DFF996E01FE05FE88263FD90E" box="[406,537,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">C. capensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
ranged from
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="3C207B45FF996E01FD29FE892743D90F" box="[698,869,260,285]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Alexander Bay</collectingMunicipality>
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(
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<collectingRegion id="1E3F2FDDFF996E01FCE5FE892005D90E" box="[886,1059,260,285]" country="South Africa" name="Northern Cape" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Northern Cape</collectingRegion>
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,
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<location id="D924B7E4FF996E01FBA2FE8920E0D90F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:54525029FF996E01FF04FF1A208EDF17:D924B7E4FF996E01FBA2FE8920E0D90F" box="[1073,1222,260,285]" county="South African" municipality="Alexander Bay" name="South Africa" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" stateProvince="Northern Cape">South Africa</location>
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) to Durban (Qwa- Zulu Natal,
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<location id="D924B7E4FF996E01FE8EFEAA2589D952" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:54525029FF996E01FF04FF1A208EDF17:D924B7E4FF996E01FE8EFEAA2589D952" box="[285,431,295,320]" county="South African" municipality="Alexander Bay" name="South Africa" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" stateProvince="Northern Cape">South Africa</location>
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) (
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<bibRefCitation id="B86A9CCEFF996E01FE57FEAA26BFD952" author="Branch" box="[452,665,295,320]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Branch, G. M., Griffiths, C. L., Branch, M. L. & Beckley, L. F. (2008) Two Oceans: A guide to the marine life of southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town / Johannesburg, 368 pp." type="book" year="2008">
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Branch
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<emphasis id="EE8F3D2DFF996E01FD8EFEA42673D952" box="[541,597,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">et al.</emphasis>
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2008
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</bibRefCitation>
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). Recently, a fine scale study (
|
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<bibRefCitation id="B86A9CCEFF996E01FC79FEAA20E8D952" author="Baldanzi" box="[1002,1230,295,320]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Baldanzi, S., McQuaid, C. D., Cannicci, S. & Porri, F. (2013) Environmental Domains and Range-Limiting Mechanisms: Testing the Abundant Centre Hypothesis Using Southern African Sandhoppers. PLoS ONE, 8, e 54598. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0054598" type="journal article" year="2013">
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Baldanzi
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||
<emphasis id="EE8F3D2DFF996E01FBC6FEA420ABD952" box="[1109,1165,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">et al.</emphasis>
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2013
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
) slightly modified the extent of the spatial distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BFB9ABCFF996E01FDF3FEC026C3D976" ID-CoL="5WXJS" box="[608,741,333,356]" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Capeorchestia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EE8F3D2DFF996E01FDF3FEC026C3D976" box="[608,741,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">C. capensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(about
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||
<quantity id="1B034CDAFF996E01FCD3FEC12780D977" box="[832,934,332,357]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" unit="km" value="2500.0">2500 km</quantity>
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||
of coastline), which now ranges from
|
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<location id="D924B7E4FF996E01FAFEFEC024CBD99A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:54525029FF996E01FF04FF1A208EDF17:D924B7E4FF996E01FAFEFEC024CBD99A" county="South African" municipality="Alexander Bay" name="Port Nolloth" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" stateProvince="Northern Cape">Port Nolloth</location>
|
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(
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<collectingRegion id="1E3F2FDDFF996E01FF6EFEE2258CD99A" box="[253,426,367,392]" country="South Africa" name="Northern Cape" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Northern Cape</collectingRegion>
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,
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<location id="D924B7E4FF996E01FE2AFEE22668D99A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:54525029FF996E01FF04FF1A208EDF17:D924B7E4FF996E01FE2AFEE22668D99A" box="[441,590,367,392]" county="South African" municipality="Alexander Bay" name="South Africa" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" stateProvince="Northern Cape">South Africa</location>
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) to
|
||
<location id="D924B7E4FF996E01FDEDFEFD2731D99A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:54525029FF996E01FF04FF1A208EDF17:D924B7E4FF996E01FDEDFEFD2731D99A" box="[638,791,367,392]" county="South African" municipality="Alexander Bay" name="Port St Johns" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" stateProvince="Northern Cape">Port St Johns</location>
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(
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||
<collectingRegion id="1E3F2FDDFF996E01FCBBFEFD27E2D99A" box="[808,964,368,392]" country="South Africa" name="Eastern Cape" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Eastern Cape</collectingRegion>
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,
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<location id="D924B7E4FF996E01FC40FEE2204DD99A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:54525029FF996E01FF04FF1A208EDF17:D924B7E4FF996E01FC40FEE2204DD99A" box="[979,1131,367,392]" county="South African" municipality="Alexander Bay" name="South Africa" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" stateProvince="Northern Cape">South Africa</location>
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||
). The same study reported differences in sizes between males and females, with the latter being smaller than the former. The abundance of
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<taxonomicName id="1BFB9ABCFF996E01FA11FE1824D1D9C2" ID-CoL="5WXJS" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Capeorchestia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
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<emphasis id="EE8F3D2DFF996E01FA11FE1824D1D9C2" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">C. capensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
was found to be site-specific, subject to influence of the morphodynamic state of the shore and the substrate temperature (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B86A9CCEFF996E01FE05FE512658D9E6" author="Baldanzi" box="[406,638,476,501]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Baldanzi, S., McQuaid, C. D., Cannicci, S. & Porri, F. (2013) Environmental Domains and Range-Limiting Mechanisms: Testing the Abundant Centre Hypothesis Using Southern African Sandhoppers. PLoS ONE, 8, e 54598. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0054598" type="journal article" year="2013">
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Baldanzi
|
||
<emphasis id="EE8F3D2DFF996E01FD91FE50261CD9E7" box="[514,570,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">et al.</emphasis>
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2013
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DC44E13FFF996E01FF54FD8D2149DB92" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1797]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">
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<materialsCitation id="6C93EB62FF996E01FF54FD8D2149DB92" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1288100506" collectorName="Van Senus" country="South Africa" location="South Coast" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
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Among talitrids, the ecological category of sand-hoppers is usually found in the inter- and supratidal zone of a shore, burrowing into moist sand during the day, avoiding the stresses of heat and desiccation (
|
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<bibRefCitation id="B86A9CCEFF996E01FB7FFDA921BEDA2F" author="Williams" box="[1260,1432,548,573]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Williams, J. A. (1995) Burrow-zone distribution of the supralittoral amphipod Talitrus saltator on Derbyhaven Beach, Isle of Man-a possible mechanism for regulating desiccation stress? Journal of Crustacean Biology, 15 (3), 466 - 475." type="journal article" year="1995">Williams 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B86A9CCEFF996E01FF04FDCA250ADA72" author="Morritt" box="[151,300,583,608]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Morritt, D. (1998) Hygrokinetic Responses of Talitrid Amphipods. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 18 (1), 25 - 35. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1549517" type="journal article" year="1998">Morritt 1998</bibRefCitation>
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||
) and emerging at night, when the air temperature is cooler and the risk of predation is reduced (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B86A9CCEFF996E01FF0DFDE12574DA96" author="Marsden" box="[158,338,620,645]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Marsden, I. D. (1991 a) Kelp-sandhopper interactions on a sand beach in New Zealand. I. Drift composition and distribution. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 152 (1), 61 - 74." type="journal article" year="1991" yearSuffix="a">Marsden 1991a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B86A9CCEFF996E01FECCFDE12556DA97" author="Marsden" box="[351,368,620,645]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Marsden, I. D. (1991 b) Kelp-sandhopper interactions on a sand beach in New Zealand. II. Population dynamics of Talorchestia quoyana (Milne-Edwards). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 152 (1), 75 - 90." type="journal article" year="1991" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B86A9CCEFF996E01FEEDFDE126ACDA96" author="Poulin" box="[382,650,620,645]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Poulin, R. & Latham, A. D. M. (2002) Parasitism and the burrowing depth of the beach hopper Talorchestia quoyana (Amphipoda: Talitridae). Animal Behaviour, 63, 269 - 275. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1006 / anbe. 2001.1938" type="journal article" year="2002">Poulin & Latham 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BFB9ABCFF996E01FD0CFDE1278CDA96" ID-CoL="5WXJS" box="[671,938,620,645]" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Capeorchestia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EE8F3D2DFF996E01FD0CFDE1278CDA96" box="[671,938,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Capeorchestia capensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
fits well under such category as it burrows during the day and migrates across-shore during the night (Miur 1954,
|
||
<collectorName id="710E84E9FF996E01FC7AFD1D2045DABA" box="[1001,1123,656,680]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Van Senus</collectorName>
|
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1988, Baldanzi pers obs). Nonetheless,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BFB9ABCFF996E01FEBEFD38258BDADE" ID-CoL="5WXJS" box="[301,429,693,716]" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Capeorchestia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EE8F3D2DFF996E01FEBEFD38258BDADE" box="[301,429,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">C. capensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also shows higher densities towards the dune base or even into the dune slacks rather than the supralittoral (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B86A9CCEFF996E01FECFFD5526E0DAE2" author="Van" box="[348,710,727,752]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Van Senus, P. & McLachlan, A. (1988) Distribution and behaviour of the amphipod, Talorchestia capensis (Crustacea; Talitridae). South African Journal of Zoology, 20, 253 - 257. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 02541858.1985.11447945" type="journal article" year="1988">
|
||
<collectorName id="710E84E9FF996E01FECFFD5525F1DAE2" box="[348,471,728,752]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Van Senus</collectorName>
|
||
& McLachlan 1988
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B86A9CCEFF996E01FD4FFD552032DAE2" author="Hesp" box="[732,1044,727,752]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Hesp, P. & McLachlan, A. (2000) Morphology, dynamics, ecology and fauna of Arctotheca populifolia and Gazania rigens nabkha dunes. Journal of Arid Environments, 44 (2), 155 - 172. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1006 / jare. 1999.0590" type="journal article" year="2000">Hesp & McLachlan (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BFB9ABCFF996E01FA8BFD5521BADAE2" ID-CoL="5WXJS" box="[1304,1436,728,752]" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Capeorchestia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EE8F3D2DFF996E01FA8BFD5521BADAE2" box="[1304,1436,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">C. capensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
living among and utilizing nabkha, small, discrete dune hummocks formed by two plant species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BFB9ABCFF996E01FAB1FD712534DB2A" ID-CoL="GBRB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Arctotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="populifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="EE8F3D2DFF996E01FAB1FD712534DB2A" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Arctotheca populifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BFB9ABCFF996E01FEDDFCAD25DBDB2A" ID-CoL="3FG2H" box="[334,509,800,824]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Gazania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rigens">
|
||
<emphasis id="EE8F3D2DFF996E01FEDDFCAD25DBDB2A" box="[334,509,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Gazania rigens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Alexander dune field (a
|
||
<quantity id="1B034CDAFF996E01FCE3FCAD279CDB2A" box="[880,954,799,824]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" unit="km" value="40.0">40 km</quantity>
|
||
wide coastal system located in the
|
||
<location id="D924B7E4FF996E01FAC8FC9224F1DB4E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:54525029FF996E01FF04FF1A208EDF17:D924B7E4FF996E01FAC8FC9224F1DB4E" country="South Africa" name="South Coast" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" stateProvince="Western Cape">South Coast</location>
|
||
of the county). In Gansbaai, (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1E3F2FDDFF996E01FDB4FCC926EEDB4E" box="[551,712,836,860]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Western Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A4ECA1AFFF996E01FD47FCC92743DB4F" box="[724,869,836,861]" name="South Africa" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BFB9ABCFF996E01FCE7FCC827D3DB4E" ID-CoL="5WXJS" box="[884,1013,837,860]" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Capeorchestia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EE8F3D2DFF996E01FCE7FCC827D3DB4E" box="[884,1013,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">C. capensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mainly burrows underneath kelp, but it also found within terrestrial plants which have colonised areas close to the beach slope (Baldanzi, pers. obs).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="94E1B2B4FF996E01FF54FC01208EDF17" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="DC44E13FFF996E01FF54FC012580DCFA" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1797]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">
|
||
The reproductive ecology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BFB9ABCFF996E01FD9DFC0026A9DBB6" box="[526,655,909,932]" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Capeorchestia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EE8F3D2DFF996E01FD9DFC0026A9DBB6" box="[526,655,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">C. capensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known to be similar to other species of talitrids (Van Senus 1988). Ovigerous females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BFB9ABCFF996E01FE02FC3D2635DBDA" box="[401,531,944,968]" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Capeorchestia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EE8F3D2DFF996E01FE02FC3D2635DBDA" box="[401,531,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">C. capensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be found throughout the year, however a study of two populations from the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1E3F2FDDFF996E01FF04FC5924F7DBFE" box="[151,209,980,1004]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
region and the east coast, respectively, found two major peaks of abundance in summer and winter (Van Senus 1988). Egg developmental time, size and number of eggs vary between eastern and western populations (Van Senus 1988), according to the size of the animals (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B86A9CCEFF996E01FD78FB91274CDC27" author="Muir" box="[747,874,1052,1077]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Muir, D. G. (1954) The biology of Talorchestia capensis (Amphipoda, Talitridae) including a population energy budget. MSc Thesis. University of Cape Town, Cape Town. [unkown pagination]" type="book" year="1954">Muir 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Van Senus 1988) and the substrate temperature (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B86A9CCEFF996E01FF0DFBB225B7DC4A" author="Baldanzi" box="[158,401,1087,1112]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Baldanzi, S., McQuaid, C. D. & Porri, F. (2015 a) Temperature effects on reproductive allocation in the sandhopper Talorchestia capensis. Biological Bulletin, 228, 181 - 191." type="journal article" year="2015" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Baldanzi
|
||
<emphasis id="EE8F3D2DFF996E01FE99FBCC2567DC4A" box="[266,321,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Temperature is negatively related with the developmental time of eggs and juveniles within the brood. Laboratory experiments reported that low incubation temperatures are associated with longer developmental time for eggs (Baldanzi, unpublished data). Also, incubation temperature has an effect on the maternal investment of
|
||
<emphasis id="EE8F3D2DFF996E01FE37FB20260BDCD6" box="[420,557,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BFB9ABCFF996E01FE37FB20260FDCD6" box="[420,553,1197,1220]" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Capeorchestia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">C. capensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
inducing females to produce larger, but less dense eggs at lower temperature (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B86A9CCEFF996E01FF0DFB4225BCDCFA" author="Baldanzi" box="[158,410,1231,1256]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Baldanzi, S., McQuaid, C. D. & Porri, F. (2015 a) Temperature effects on reproductive allocation in the sandhopper Talorchestia capensis. Biological Bulletin, 228, 181 - 191." type="journal article" year="2015" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Baldanzi
|
||
<emphasis id="EE8F3D2DFF996E01FE98FB5C2565DCFA" box="[267,323,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2015a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DC44E13FFF996E01FF54FB792762DDD2" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1797]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">
|
||
The ecological physiology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BFB9ABCFF996E01FDB5FB78268ADD1E" box="[550,684,1269,1292]" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Capeorchestia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EE8F3D2DFF996E01FDB5FB78268ADD1E" box="[550,684,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">C. capensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been investigated in relation to temperature. Populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BFB9ABCFF996E01FF04FA9A2581DD22" box="[151,423,1303,1328]" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Capeorchestia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EE8F3D2DFF996E01FF04FA9A2581DD22" box="[151,423,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Capeorchestia capensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
showed intraspecific differences in metabolic responses to increasing and decreasing temperature, and this was likely related to changes in variability and predictability of environmental temperatures between the western and eastern limits of its distribution (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B86A9CCEFF996E01FCAFFAD2201ADD6A" author="Baldanzi" box="[828,1084,1375,1400]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Baldanzi, S., McQuaid, C. D. & Porri, F. (2015 a) Temperature effects on reproductive allocation in the sandhopper Talorchestia capensis. Biological Bulletin, 228, 181 - 191." type="journal article" year="2015" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Baldanzi
|
||
<emphasis id="EE8F3D2DFF996E01FC3FFAEC27C1DD6A" box="[940,999,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Such physiological plasticity among populations has important evolutionary implications and could be a key factor allowing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BFB9ABCFF996E01FB65FA08215DDD8E" box="[1270,1403,1413,1436]" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Capeorchestia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EE8F3D2DFF996E01FB65FA08215DDD8E" box="[1270,1403,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">C. capensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to exhibit a widespread distribution along South African coasts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DC44E13FFF996E01FF54FA41208EDF17" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1797]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="6C93EB62FF996E01FF54FA41208EDF17" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1288100524" collectingDate="2012" collectingDateMax="2014" collectingDateMin="2012" country="South Africa" location="Betty's Bay" municipality="This" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
|
||
The feeding ecology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BFB9ABCFF996E01FE48FA402678DDF6" box="[475,606,1485,1508]" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Capeorchestia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EE8F3D2DFF996E01FE48FA402678DDF6" box="[475,606,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">C. capensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is poorly understood. Although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BFB9ABCFF996E01FC46FA40207FDDF6" box="[981,1113,1485,1508]" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Capeorchestia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EE8F3D2DFF996E01FC46FA40207FDDF6" box="[981,1113,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">C. capensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is mainly found underneath macroalgae of different origin (both marine and riverine) its feeding habit is not clear and needs further investigation. A study conducted on the diet of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BFB9ABCFF996E01FD52F9982762DE3E" box="[705,836,1557,1580]" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Capeorchestia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EE8F3D2DFF996E01FD52F9982762DE3E" box="[705,836,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">C. capensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B86A9CCEFF996E01FCE7F9992063DE3E" box="[884,1093,1556,1581]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refString="Porri, F., Hill, J. M. & McQuaid, C. D. (2011) Associations in ephemeral systems: the lack of trophic relationships between sandhoppers and beach wrack. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 426, 253 - 262. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3354 / meps 08951" type="journal article">
|
||
Porri
|
||
<emphasis id="EE8F3D2DFF996E01FC25F99827D7DE3F" box="[950,1009,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2011)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
using stable isotope analysis, found no trophic link between sand-hoppers and the detritus underneath which animals were found. The authors suggested an opportunistic feeding behaviour for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BFB9ABCFF996E01FD52F9D02764DE66" box="[705,834,1629,1652]" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Capeorchestia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EE8F3D2DFF996E01FD52F9D02764DE66" box="[705,834,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">C. capensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. During samplings in 2010,
|
||
<collectingDate id="B8013E17FF996E01FB11F9D1210DDE66" box="[1154,1323,1628,1653]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" value="2012" valueMax="2014">
|
||
<date id="A845C7FFFF996E01FB11F9D1210DDE66" box="[1154,1323,1628,1653]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" value="2012" valueMax="2014">2012 and 2014</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
, however, individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BFB9ABCFF996E01FED3F90D25E2DE8A" box="[320,452,1664,1688]" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Capeorchestia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EE8F3D2DFF996E01FED3F90D25E2DE8A" box="[320,452,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">C. capensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been observed crawling and actively feeding on kelp stranded on the shore of
|
||
<location id="D924B7E4FF996E01FF04F9292538DEAF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:54525029FF996E01FF04FF1A208EDF17:D924B7E4FF996E01FF04F9292538DEAF" box="[151,286,1700,1725]" country="South Africa" municipality="This" name="Betty's Bay" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" stateProvince="Western Cape">Betty’s Bay</location>
|
||
, in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1E3F2FDDFF996E01FEE5F9282633DEAE" box="[374,533,1700,1724]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Western Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A4ECA1AFFF996E01FDADF92926F6DEAF" box="[574,720,1700,1725]" name="South Africa" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(SB pers. obs).
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="3C207B45FF996E01FC1DF92927E6DEAF" box="[910,960,1700,1725]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">This</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
observation, confirms the high degree of uncertainty about the feeding ecology of this species, keeping open the question regarding the relationship between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BFB9ABCFF996E01FF04F960253EDF16" box="[151,280,1773,1796]" class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Capeorchestia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EE8F3D2DFF996E01FF04F960253EDF16" box="[151,280,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">C. capensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the wrack-beds that they burrow underneath: source of food, shelter or both?
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |