275 lines
35 KiB
XML
275 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document id="022BF77DA892FE8A3F4F9706D2D6EF4D" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4999.5.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5119429" ID-ZooBank="C5BC0813-D7ED-4192-A726-7560C1BC28DC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1626875728399" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Opresko, Dennis M. & Molodtsova, Tina N." docDate="2021" docId="5441A02CB13FFFA33EACB392FAEF56A8" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4999.5.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4999 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Parantipathes Brook 1889" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="416" masterDocId="A878D854B131FFAC3E3BB064FF8C5651" masterDocTitle="New species of deep-sea Antipatharians from the North Pacific (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia), Part 2" masterLastPageNumber="422" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="415" updateTime="1699012000698" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="45EE57A666E58AF24988CBCE0E6C6680">New species of deep-sea Antipatharians from the North Pacific (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia), Part 2</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="504B2E58A2206900F7C721B0798E7518">Opresko, Dennis M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D4D254602B6019C4DD3543153FD80F08">Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA. dmopresko @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9946 - 1533</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="710E0B223F15BC809C826486F8ACC908">Molodtsova, Tina N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="856FF76BF43593659B67ACEB62839927">P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, RAS, 36 Nakhimovsky prospect, Moscow 117997, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="5FB6D97BDBB4F7D09573DE18113482FE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="626D6CB56F8B247C3750D3C53364D2ED">2021</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="1BE86AB9B13FFFA23EACB392FE535241" ID-CoL="7PPX4" authority="Brook, 1889" authorityName="Brook" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,479,1014,1041]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Parantipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="EE9CCD28B13FFFA23EACB392FECD5240" bold="true" box="[151,321,1014,1041]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Parantipathes</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="1BE86AB9B13FFFA23EDBB45FFDA75202" ID-CoL="7PPX4" authority="Brook, 1889: 141" authorityName="Brook" authorityPageNumber="141" authorityYear="1889" box="[224,555,1083,1107]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Parantipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<bibRefCitation id="B8796CCBB13FFFA23F4DB45FFDA75202" author="Brook, G." box="[374,555,1083,1107]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" pagination="1 - 222" refId="ref14389" refString="Brook, G. (1889) Report on the Antipatharia. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the HMS Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876, Zoology, 32, 1 - 222." type="journal article" year="1889">Brook, 1889: 141</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="5D49372BB13FFFA23C0EB458FD715202" author="van Pesch, A. J." box="[565,765,1083,1107]" page="96" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" year="1914">
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<bibRefCitation id="B8796CCBB13FFFA23C0EB458FD715202" author="van Pesch, A. J." box="[565,765,1083,1107]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" pagination="1 - 258" refId="ref16160" refString="van Pesch, A. J. (1914) The Antipatharia of the Siboga Expedition. Siboga-Expeditie Monographes, 17, 1 - 258." type="journal article" year="1914">van Pesch 1914: 96</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="B8796CCBB13FFFA23F08B43EFDA55223" author="Opresko, D. M." box="[307,553,1114,1138]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" pagination="411 - 442" refId="ref15375" refString="Opresko, D. M. (2002) Revision of the Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa), Part II, Schizopathidae. Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden, 76, 411 - 442." type="journal article" year="2002">Opresko 2002: 435–437</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="5D49372BB13FFFA23C08B43EFCB95223" author="Pasternak, F. A." box="[563,821,1114,1138]" page="160" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" year="1977">
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<bibRefCitation id="B8796CCBB13FFFA23C08B43EFCB95223" author="Pasternak, F. A." box="[563,821,1114,1138]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" pagination="157 - 164" refId="ref15622" refString="Pasternak, F. A. (1977) Antipatharia. Galathea Report, 14, 157 - 164." type="journal article" year="1977">Pasternak 1977: 160–161</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="5D49372BB13FFFA23D04B43EFB245223" author="Molodtsova, T. N. & Pasternak, F. A." box="[831,1192,1114,1138]" page="170" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" year="2005">
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<bibRefCitation id="B8796CCBB13FFFA23D04B43EFB245223" author="Molodtsova, T. N. & Pasternak, F. A." box="[831,1192,1114,1138]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" pagination="169 - 179" refId="ref15237" refString="Molodtsova, T. N. & Pasternak, F. A. (2005) Redescription of Parantipathes euantha (Pasternak, 1958) (Anthozoa: Antipatharia) from Kurile-Kamchatka Trench. Invertebrate Zoology, 2 (2), 169 - 179." type="journal article" year="2005">Molodtsova & Pasternak 2005: 170</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="5D49372BB13FFFA23A8AB43EFA145223" author="Molodtsova, T. N." box="[1201,1432,1114,1138]" page="142" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" year="2006">
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<bibRefCitation id="B8796CCBB13FFFA23A8AB43EFA145223" author="Molodtsova, T. N." box="[1201,1432,1114,1138]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" pagination="141 - 151" refId="ref15053" refString="Molodtsova, T. N. (2006) Black corals (Antipatharia: Anthozoa: Cnidaria) of North-East Atlantic. In: Mironov, A. N., Gebruk, A. V. & Southward, A. J. (Eds.), Biogeography of the North Atlantic seamounts. KMK Press, Moscow, pp. 141 - 151." type="book chapter" year="2006">Molodtsova 2006: 142</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="5D49372BB13FFFA23EFCB41CFE3152C0" author="Brugler, M. R. & Opresko, D. M. & France, S. C." box="[199,445,1144,1169]" page="318" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" year="2013">
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<bibRefCitation id="B8796CCBB13FFFA23EFCB41CFE3152C0" author="Brugler, M. R. & Opresko, D. M. & France, S. C." box="[199,445,1144,1169]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" pagination="312 - 361" refId="ref14428" refString="Brugler, M. R., Opresko, D. M. & France, S. C. (2013) The evolutionary history of the order Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia) as inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA: implications for black coral taxonomy and systematics. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 169, 312 - 361. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12060" type="journal article" year="2013">
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Brugler
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<emphasis id="EE9CCD28B13FFFA23F20B41DFEC452C1" box="[283,328,1144,1168]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">et al</emphasis>
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. 2013: 318
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</treatmentCitation>
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; Bo
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<emphasis id="EE9CCD28B13FFFA23FD0B41DFDA952C1" box="[491,549,1144,1168]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">et. al.</emphasis>
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2014: 115;
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<treatmentCitation id="5D49372BB13FFFA23CA6B41CFCEE52C1" author="Opresko, D. M." box="[669,866,1144,1168]" page="157" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" year="2015">
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<bibRefCitation id="B8796CCBB13FFFA23CA6B41CFCEE52C1" author="Opresko, D. M." box="[669,866,1144,1168]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" pagination="145 - 164" refId="ref15487" refString="Opresko, D. M. (2015) New species of black corals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia) from New Zealand and adjacent regions. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 42 (3), 145 - 164." type="journal article" year="2015">Opresko 2015: 157</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DC57113AB13FFFA23EACB4F3FDB352FE" blockId="14.[151,1436,1083,1230]" box="[151,575,1175,1199]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="FCF83614B13FFFA23EACB4F3FDB352FE" box="[151,575,1175,1199]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
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partim
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<treatmentCitation id="5D49372BB13FFFA23EDBB4F3FDB752FE" author="Pasternak, F. A." box="[224,571,1175,1199]" page="187" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" year="1958">
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<taxonomicName id="1BE86AB9B13FFFA23EDBB4F3FDB752FE" ID-CoL="7NQK3" authority=", Pasternak 1958: 187" authorityName="Pasternak" authorityPageNumber="187" authorityYear="1958" box="[224,571,1175,1199]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Bathypathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="EE9CCD28B13FFFA23EDBB4F3FEEF52FE" box="[224,355,1175,1199]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Bathypathes,</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="B8796CCBB13FFFA23F51B4F3FDB752FE" author="Pasternak, F. A." box="[362,571,1175,1199]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" pagination="180 - 191" refId="ref15589" refString="Pasternak, F. A. (1958) Deep-sea antipatharians (Antipatharia) of the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii, 27, 180 - 191. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1958">Pasternak 1958: 187</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DC57113AB13FFFA23EACB4D2FE76529F" blockId="14.[151,1436,1083,1230]" box="[151,506,1206,1230]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="FCF83614B13FFFA23EACB4D2FE76529F" box="[151,506,1206,1230]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
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not
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<treatmentCitation id="5D49372BB13FFFA23E85B4D2FE7A529F" author="Brook, G." box="[190,502,1206,1230]" page="151" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" year="1889">
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<taxonomicName id="1BE86AB9B13FFFA23E85B4D2FE7A529F" ID-CoL="7NQK3" authority="Brook, 1889: 151" authorityName="Brook" authorityPageNumber="151" authorityYear="1889" box="[190,502,1206,1230]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Bathypathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="EE9CCD28B13FFFA23E85B4D2FEB7529F" box="[190,315,1206,1230]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Bathypathes</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="B8796CCBB13FFFA23F7AB4D2FE7A529F" author="Brook, G." box="[321,502,1206,1230]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" pagination="1 - 222" refId="ref14389" refString="Brook, G. (1889) Report on the Antipatharia. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the HMS Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876, Zoology, 32, 1 - 222." type="journal article" year="1889">Brook, 1889: 151</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="94F242B1B13FFFA23EACB498FDAD53D3" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="diagnosis">
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<emphasis id="EE9CCD28B13FFFA23EACB498FE9E5347" bold="true" box="[151,274,1276,1302]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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||
Corallum monopodial to sparsely branched, stem and branches pinnulate. Pinnules simple, arranged in at least six axial rows, and in alternating semispiral groups of three or more on either side of the axis. Spines usually simple (rarely with apical lobes), triangular or conical, acute, and often laterally compressed. Polyps mostly 1.6 to about
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in transverse diameter.
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</paragraph>
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<typeStatus id="0353AF98B13FFFA23EFCB5E8FE8E53F7" box="[199,258,1420,1446]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Type</typeStatus>
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species.
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</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BE86AB9B13FFFA23F52B5E8FD2453F7" authority="Esper, 1790" authorityName="Esper" authorityYear="1790" box="[361,680,1420,1447]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="larix">
|
||
<emphasis id="EE9CCD28B13FFFA23F52B5E8FD9153F7" box="[361,541,1420,1446]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Antipathes larix</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B8796CCBB13FFFA23C1FB5E9FD2453F7" author="Esper, E. J. C." box="[548,680,1420,1447]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" pagination="147" refId="ref14667" refString="Esper, E. J. C. (1790) Die Pflanzenthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Farben erleuchtet nebst Beschreibungen, Pflanzenthiere 1, Lieferung 5, Raspe, Nurnberg, pl. 4. [see also 1792, Pflanzenthiere 2, p. 147] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 118730" type="journal article" year="1790">Esper, 1790</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="94F242B1B13FFFA23EFCB5D4FBED51B7" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="DC57113AB13FFFA23EFCB5D4FCE35107" blockId="14.[151,1437,1276,2022]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
|
||
<emphasis id="EE9CCD28B13FFFA23EFCB5D4FEB7539B" bold="true" box="[199,315,1456,1482]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BE86AB9B13FFFA23F85B5D4FDD1539B" authorityName=", Opresko" authorityYear="2002" box="[446,605,1456,1482]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Parantipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EE9CCD28B13FFFA23F85B5D4FDD1539B" box="[446,605,1456,1482]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Parantipathes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is very close morphologically to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BE86AB9B13FFFA23DEDB5D4FBC2539B" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2002" box="[982,1102,1456,1482]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Lillipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EE9CCD28B13FFFA23DEDB5D4FBC2539B" box="[982,1102,1456,1482]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Lillipathes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in that species in both genera have simple pinnules arranged bilaterally in axial rows, and also in alternating groups in which the members of the group are slightly offset such that they follow a semispiral pattern. The main difference between the two genera is that in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BE86AB9B13FFFA23F39B678FE2D5067" authorityName=", Opresko" authorityYear="2002" box="[258,417,1564,1590]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Parantipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EE9CCD28B13FFFA23F39B678FE2D5067" box="[258,417,1564,1590]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Parantipathes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
there are typically three or more pinnules per group, which is equivalent to three or more axial rows on each side of the stem and branches (when present); whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BE86AB9B13FFFA23DC9B624FBE6500B" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2002" box="[1010,1130,1600,1626]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Lillipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EE9CCD28B13FFFA23DC9B624FBE6500B" box="[1010,1130,1600,1626]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Lillipathes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
there are no more than two pinnules per group, equivalent to a maximum of four rows of pinnules (two on each side). However, in species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BE86AB9B13FFFA23EACB6ECFEBA50F3" authorityName=", Opresko" authorityYear="2002" box="[151,310,1672,1698]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Parantipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EE9CCD28B13FFFA23EACB6ECFEBA50F3" box="[151,310,1672,1698]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Parantipathes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
there are only four rows of pinnules on the lower parts of the corallum, increasing to six or more rows (groups of three or more) on the upper parts. This means that if a juvenile colony or if only a developing branch of a colony is collected that has only four rows of pinnules, it could easily be misidentified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BE86AB9B13FFFA23A91B6B4FAAE50BB" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2002" box="[1194,1314,1744,1770]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Lillipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EE9CCD28B13FFFA23A91B6B4FAAE50BB" box="[1194,1314,1744,1770]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Lillipathes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Currently there is no other taxonomic character that clearly separates these two genera. In DNA sequencing studies using the mt gene regions
|
||
<emphasis id="EE9CCD28B13FFFA23F6EB77CFE435163" box="[341,463,1816,1843]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">nad5-nad1</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="EE9CCD28B13FFFA23C3CB77CFDF75163" box="[519,635,1816,1843]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">cox3-cox1</emphasis>
|
||
the two genera were not separable (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B8796CCBB13FFFA23A2CB77CFB795163" author="Brugler, M. R. & Opresko, D. M. & France, S. C." box="[1047,1269,1816,1843]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" pagination="312 - 361" refId="ref14428" refString="Brugler, M. R., Opresko, D. M. & France, S. C. (2013) The evolutionary history of the order Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia) as inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA: implications for black coral taxonomy and systematics. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 169, 312 - 361. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12060" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Brugler
|
||
<emphasis id="EE9CCD28B13FFFA23A4CB77DFB255163" box="[1143,1193,1816,1842]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); however, additional mitochondrial and nuclear markers need to be evaluated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DC57113AB13FFFA23EFCB704FBED51B7" blockId="14.[151,1437,1276,2022]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
|
||
<emphasis id="EE9CCD28B13FFFA23EFCB704FDA3512B" bold="true" box="[199,559,1888,1914]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Species assigned to the genus.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BE86AB9B13FFFA23C03B704FBA9512A" authority="Opresko, 2015" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2015" box="[568,1061,1888,1915]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Parantipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dodecasticha">
|
||
<emphasis id="EE9CCD28B13FFFA23C03B704FCFF512B" box="[568,883,1888,1914]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Parantipathes dodecasticha</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B8796CCBB13FFFA23D47B704FBA9512A" author="Opresko, D. M." box="[892,1061,1888,1915]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" pagination="145 - 164" refId="ref15487" refString="Opresko, D. M. (2015) New species of black corals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia) from New Zealand and adjacent regions. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 42 (3), 145 - 164." type="journal article" year="2015">Opresko, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BE86AB9B13FFFA23A09B704FF5E51CE" authority="Pasternak, 1958" authorityName="Pasternak" authorityYear="1958" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Bathypathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="euantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="EE9CCD28B13FFFA23A09B704FA93512B" box="[1074,1311,1888,1914]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Bathypathes euantha</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B8796CCBB13FFFA23B13B704FF5E51CE" author="Pasternak, F. A." pageId="14" pageNumber="415" pagination="180 - 191" refId="ref15589" refString="Pasternak, F. A. (1958) Deep-sea antipatharians (Antipatharia) of the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii, 27, 180 - 191. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1958">Pasternak, 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BE86AB9B13FFFA23EE5B7E0FD3051CF" authority="Opresko, 1999" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="1999" box="[222,700,1924,1950]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Parantipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="helicosticha">
|
||
<emphasis id="EE9CCD28B13FFFA23EE5B7E0FD8751CF" box="[222,523,1924,1950]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Parantipathes helicosticha</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B8796CCBB13FFFA23C2FB7E0FD3051CF" author="Opresko, D. M." box="[532,700,1924,1950]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" pagination="143 - 154" refId="ref15283" refString="Opresko, D. M. (1999) New species of Antipathes and Parantipathes (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia) from coastal waters of South Australia and Tasmania. Records of the South Australian Museum, 32 (2), 143 - 154." type="journal article" year="1999">Opresko, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BE86AB9B13FFFA23CF3B7E0FB3451CF" authority="Molodtsova, 2006" authorityName="Molodtsova" authorityYear="2006" box="[712,1208,1924,1950]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Parantipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hirondelle">
|
||
<emphasis id="EE9CCD28B13FFFA23CF3B7E0FC6D51CF" box="[712,993,1924,1950]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Parantipathes hirondelle</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B8796CCBB13FFFA23DD2B7E0FB3451CF" author="Molodtsova, T. N." box="[1001,1208,1924,1950]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" pagination="141 - 151" refId="ref15053" refString="Molodtsova, T. N. (2006) Black corals (Antipatharia: Anthozoa: Cnidaria) of North-East Atlantic. In: Mironov, A. N., Gebruk, A. V. & Southward, A. J. (Eds.), Biogeography of the North Atlantic seamounts. KMK Press, Moscow, pp. 141 - 151." type="book chapter" year="2006">Molodtsova, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BE86AB9B13FFFA23AFFB7E0FE1F5193" authority="van Pesch, 1914" authorityName="van Pesch" authorityYear="1914" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Parantipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="laricides">
|
||
<emphasis id="EE9CCD28B13FFFA23AFFB7E0FF5D5193" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Parantipathes laricides</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B8796CCBB13FFFA23EE3B7CDFE1F5193" author="van Pesch, A. J." box="[216,403,1960,1987]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" pagination="1 - 258" refId="ref16160" refString="van Pesch, A. J. (1914) The Antipatharia of the Siboga Expedition. Siboga-Expeditie Monographes, 17, 1 - 258." type="journal article" year="1914">van Pesch, 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BE86AB9B13FFFA23FA4B7CCFD6F5193" authority="Esper, 1790" authorityName="Esper" authorityYear="1790" box="[415,739,1960,1987]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="larix">
|
||
<emphasis id="EE9CCD28B13FFFA23FA4B7CCFDDF5193" box="[415,595,1960,1986]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Antipathes larix</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B8796CCBB13FFFA23C61B7CDFD6F5193" author="Esper, E. J. C." box="[602,739,1960,1987]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" pagination="147" refId="ref14667" refString="Esper, E. J. C. (1790) Die Pflanzenthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Farben erleuchtet nebst Beschreibungen, Pflanzenthiere 1, Lieferung 5, Raspe, Nurnberg, pl. 4. [see also 1792, Pflanzenthiere 2, p. 147] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 118730" type="journal article" year="1790">Esper, 1790</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BE86AB9B13FFFA23CD5B7CCFB155192" authority="Opresko, 2015" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2015" box="[750,1177,1960,1987]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Parantipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="EE9CCD28B13FFFA23CD5B7CCFC655193" box="[750,1001,1960,1986]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Parantipathes robusta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B8796CCBB13FFFA23DCBB7CCFB155192" author="Opresko, D. M." box="[1008,1177,1960,1987]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" pagination="145 - 164" refId="ref15487" refString="Opresko, D. M. (2015) New species of black corals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia) from New Zealand and adjacent regions. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 42 (3), 145 - 164." type="journal article" year="2015">Opresko, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BE86AB9B13FFFA23A9EB7CCFEC451B7" authority="Pourtales, 1868" authorityName="Pourtales" authorityYear="1868" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tetrasticha">
|
||
<emphasis id="EE9CCD28B13FFFA23A9EB7CCFA105193" box="[1189,1436,1960,1986]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Antipathes tetrasticha</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B8796CCBB13FFFA23EACB7A8FEC451B7" author="Pourtales, L. F. de" box="[151,328,1996,2022]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" pagination="121 - 142" refId="ref15642" refString="Pourtales, L. F. de (1868) Contributions to the fauna of the Gulf Stream at great depths (2 nd series) (with a note by L. Agassiz). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 1 (7), 121 - 142." type="journal article" year="1868">Pourtalès, 1868</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BE86AB9B13FFFA23F68B7A8FD7A51B7" authority="Pasternak, 1977" authorityName="Pasternak" authorityYear="1977" box="[339,758,1996,2022]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Parantipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="wolffi">
|
||
<emphasis id="EE9CCD28B13FFFA23F68B7A8FDB551B7" box="[339,569,1996,2022]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Parantipathes wolffi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B8796CCBB13FFFA23C7BB7A8FD7A51B7" author="Pasternak, F. A." box="[576,758,1996,2022]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" pagination="157 - 164" refId="ref15622" refString="Pasternak, F. A. (1977) Antipatharia. Galathea Report, 14, 157 - 164." type="journal article" year="1977">Pasternak, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BE86AB9B13FFFA23D0BB7A8FB9051B7" authority="Opresko & Molodtsova, 2021" authorityName="Opresko & Molodtsova" authorityYear="2021" box="[816,1052,1996,2022]" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Parantipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pluma" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="EE9CCD28B13FFFA23D0BB7A8FB9051B7" box="[816,1052,1996,2022]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Parantipathes pluma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="EE9CCD28B13FFFA23A18B7A8FBED51B7" bold="true" box="[1059,1121,1996,2022]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F5AF7053B13FFFA23A18B7A8FBED51B7" box="[1059,1121,1996,2022]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="94F242B1B13EFFA33EFCB0F2FAEF56A8" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="DC57113AB13EFFA33EFCB0F2FAEF56A8" blockId="15.[151,1437,150,249]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
|
||
<emphasis id="EE9CCD28B13EFFA33EFCB0F2FEED56E1" bold="true" box="[199,353,150,176]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
The genus has been found in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Ocean at depths of
|
||
<quantity id="1B10BCDFB13EFFA33B3DB0F3FA1456E0" box="[1286,1432,151,177]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.959999999999999" metricValueMax="18.72" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" unit="m" value="996.0" valueMax="1872.0" valueMin="120.0">120–1872 m</quantity>
|
||
; however, recent genetic studies conducted on samples from both the Pacific and Atlantic indicate that, based on mt
|
||
<emphasis id="EE9CCD28B13EFFA33EACB0BBFE8656A8" box="[151,266,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">cox3-cox1</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="EE9CCD28B13EFFA33F7AB0BBFE3F56A8" box="[321,435,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">nad5-nad,</emphasis>
|
||
the species in the two ocean basins fall into two separate clades (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B8796CCBB13EFFA33AB5B0BBFAD456A8" author="Chery, N. & Parra, K. & Evankow, A. & Stein, D. & Distel, D. & Appiah-Madson, H. & Ross, R. & Sanon, E. & Alomari, N. & Johnson, R. & Vasovic, A. & Horowitz, A. & Popa, H. & Short, B. & Kourehjan, D. & Vasquez, D. M. & Rodriguez, E. & Opresko, D. M. & Brugler, M. R." box="[1166,1368,223,249]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" refId="ref14506" refString="Chery, N., Parra, K., Evankow, A., Stein, D., Distel, D., Appiah-Madson, H., Ross, R., Sanon, E., Alomari, N., Johnson, R., Vasovic, A., Horowitz, A., Popa, H., Short, B., Kourehjan, D., Vasquez, D. M., Rodriguez, E., Opresko, D. M. & Brugler, M. R. (2018) Partnering with the Ocean Genome Legacy to advance our understanding of black corals (Order Antipatharia). 15 th Deep-Sea Biology Symposium, Monterey, California, 9 - 14 September 2018. poster presentation. [preprint available from M. Brugler at https: // tidalmarshtaskforce. wixsite. com / uscb / publications]" type="url" year="2018">
|
||
Chery
|
||
<emphasis id="EE9CCD28B13EFFA33AE7B0BBFA9856A8" box="[1244,1300,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |