246 lines
35 KiB
XML
246 lines
35 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="39995A6EFEC619923A754680EE40EB11">A taxonomic revision of the catshark genus Holohalaelurus Fowler 1934 (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae), with descriptions of two new species.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="739BDF3E1CC4CE7A56E1F4B7699A9ACE">Brett A. Human</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="3B2CD303FBF19F31F595890C33BBFEE2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="89FF4C6919D74E5757F77161F022BC65">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="623BE2A067511384E7A30BEAC26A6956">1315</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="F4CEC8A5467D9D568701290A28764C76">journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="543FD700DF0B254E5F99B0469B852C6D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6260809" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100118940" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6260809" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:543FD700DF0B254E5F99B0469B852C6D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/543FD700DF0B254E5F99B0469B852C6D" lastPageNumber="6" pageNumber="3">
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<subSubSection id="1378CBC2012696FC446CE28DFFDF4139" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="EE6C60B1A56585B30505226214FA258D" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="BF68EA5F1B3F080CD2CDF64245B6804D" ID-CoL="4XZ5" ID-ENA="990981" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AB54E069-3D43-4302-90AA-DADED5490A0B" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Holohalaelurus Halaelurus Fowler 1934:235" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Holohalaelurus Fowler 1934</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="29DF2BBB05B802390C29F803CEF97229" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="54A120F551E584D64AE175AAEA75F774" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="EEA0827F1C39C21F097F2ADD7CBBC8F5" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AB54E069-3D43-4302-90AA-DADED5490A0B" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Halaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Holohalaelurus Halaelurus Fowler 1934:235" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Holohalaelurus">Halaelurus (Holohalaelurus) Fowler, 1934</taxonomicName>
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: 235.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="27375136BD8FFA8AA8BB84019F863C8C" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="82EEFCB0790201C2DDE01BF2A151E6C2" genus="Holohaelurus" pageNumber="3" rank="genus">Holohaelurus</taxonomicName>
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: Fowler, 1967 (in Compagno, 1984b).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B5CDF4A883813D08D343656D5330FE40" pageNumber="3">
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Type species.
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<taxonomicName id="EC2EB6975E293BFC83B2B10FBDEDC221" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D0D99F68-5A50-4D3C-8F88-138BE7BC30FA" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scylliorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Scylliorhinus regani Gilchrist 1922:45" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="regani">Scylliorhinus regani Gilchrist 1922</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2B0CA867BC654CC119EA01049768642F" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="B0E451536ECFAC8B5D185B52113C3804" pageNumber="3">
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Diagnosis. See Compagno (1988) for a comprehensive description of this genus.
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<taxonomicName id="800EC1E60BD9359573568BCCD9A72809" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AB54E069-3D43-4302-90AA-DADED5490A0B" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Holohalaelurus Halaelurus Fowler 1934:235" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Holohalaelurus</taxonomicName>
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sharks are elongate scyliorhinid catsharks with a very long caudal peduncle and caudal fin; broad depressed heads lacking an upturned snout tip; nares lacking nasal barbels; ventral sensory pores conspicuously black in
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<taxonomicName id="7BA03C1D4F33AB6F832C86A967B6B160" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctatus">H. punctatus</taxonomicName>
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and H.
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<taxonomicName id="BFD46CB2690006BBFD1BDCBDEBB7E7B1" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="regani">regani</taxonomicName>
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, probably so in other
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<taxonomicName id="1EF1C688B5C2614C9627F2587CEC41D2" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AB54E069-3D43-4302-90AA-DADED5490A0B" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Holohalaelurus Halaelurus Fowler 1934:235" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Holohalaelurus</taxonomicName>
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species (although not visible with preserved specimens); relatively long, acutely arched mouths that lack labial furrows, with relatively large dentition, buccal papillae present and variably developed, or inconspicuous; denticles absent around external gill slit area; trunk moderately depressed; with or without denticles conspicuously enlarged from snout, or from above pectoral fin insertion, to first dorsal fin origin; pectoral fins high, long and winglike, with or without denticles enlarged on the dorsal surface in adults; anal fin low and long; the inner margin of the pelvic fins sometimes fused together to varying degrees, although never completely, not forming a complete pelvic fin curtain; claspers elongate in mature individuals with or without a distal club of papillae; moderate to extreme sexual dimorphism of overall size, with males larger than females.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EBB8D136981663A03C67E9C55D873062" pageNumber="4">
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The difference in total length at different stages of maturity between species is illustrated in Figure 1.
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<taxonomicName id="7A577BC36D2C54CE8E9A72756DE0BF3C" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="regani">Holohalaelurus regani</taxonomicName>
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is the largest
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<taxonomicName id="00DEC478D5032DC89FBAEDC527FDC2D2" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AB54E069-3D43-4302-90AA-DADED5490A0B" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Holohalaelurus Halaelurus Fowler 1934:235" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Holohalaelurus</taxonomicName>
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at all stages of maturity for both sexes, with
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<taxonomicName id="C03746DEC773510B0F9D9A6FBC51526C" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="favus">H. favus</taxonomicName>
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smaller at all stages.
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<taxonomicName id="9EA680E02EEAC7B1C191B79A28C8904D" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostigma">Holohalaelurus melanostigma</taxonomicName>
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is only slightly smaller than
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<taxonomicName id="9CC8E00901FF24E3BA02D090631200B9" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="favus">H. favus</taxonomicName>
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and sizes between these species overlap during the earlier stages of maturity.
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<taxonomicName id="CE1DE7F614BD70B6EC1FA219EF34F0DF" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctatus">Holohalaelurus punctatus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="BE0C02D71AB2BB6400884A7A7B5BAEAA" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grennian">H. grennian</taxonomicName>
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are dwarves of the genus, with
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<taxonomicName id="6A74CD2892CD39F05DFBB51559F79272" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctatus">H. punctatus</taxonomicName>
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marginally larger than
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<taxonomicName id="3CBCED7F95F40D2BFD0A72AFF3171B95" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grennian">H. grennian</taxonomicName>
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. The sexual dimorphism in
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<taxonomicName id="AA6BC988C1611419CFD16F5E8608A0F1" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="regani">H. regani</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="663DA920B5CA6AC4C6B33710D43B5641" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="favus">H. favus</taxonomicName>
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is particularly apparent at maturity stage 4.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4AC61892E442766ABB18B9C58E6EA767" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="67909B00A1E7A011C931C05F9D162A8A" pageNumber="4">Common name. Izak sharks, Izak catsharks, or hallelujah sharks.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D9C2FDE9BB4F1E83E1C0831E9D13AA27" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="5947DED300BC70A99CE412C029A307FE" pageNumber="5">
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Remarks. Originally described as a subgenus of
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<taxonomicName id="A381341F8411694B96E78540CC98F9E8" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF8B4C66-B5D8-494A-A976-671A4547EB5E" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Halaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Halaelurus Gill 1862:407" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Halaelurus</taxonomicName>
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by Fowler (1934),
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<taxonomicName id="2C75E9F8818EED37E013173FADD9E189" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AB54E069-3D43-4302-90AA-DADED5490A0B" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Holohalaelurus Halaelurus Fowler 1934:235" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Holohalaelurus</taxonomicName>
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was subsequently raised to the rank of genus by Bigelow & Schroeder (1948). Although
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<taxonomicName id="BF83E4722C4CC4CD4889B30A5B223FED" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AB54E069-3D43-4302-90AA-DADED5490A0B" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Holohalaelurus Halaelurus Fowler 1934:235" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Holohalaelurus</taxonomicName>
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is closely related to
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<taxonomicName id="F89FF7BDD78221E4911D8E4D4103860A" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF8B4C66-B5D8-494A-A976-671A4547EB5E" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Halaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Halaelurus Gill 1862:407" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Halaelurus</taxonomicName>
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, there are sufficient differences to warrant ranking
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<taxonomicName id="BF11A78F358DBB22CA34CF62AE314320" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AB54E069-3D43-4302-90AA-DADED5490A0B" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Holohalaelurus Halaelurus Fowler 1934:235" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Holohalaelurus</taxonomicName>
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as a genus (Compagno, 1988). Smith (1949) erroneously listed the type of
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<taxonomicName id="2AB1BEA1A5B79DB069AA6B487A0BF200" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AB54E069-3D43-4302-90AA-DADED5490A0B" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Holohalaelurus Halaelurus Fowler 1934:235" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Holohalaelurus</taxonomicName>
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as
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<taxonomicName id="7CB30F58C9C5164FE0B7AD3AA76FE639" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AB71973C-A0FD-41D0-9D94-426A7A0256DA" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scylliorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Scylliorhinus punctatus Gilchrist 1914:129" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctatus">Scylliorhinus punctatus</taxonomicName>
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(as “genotype”). It should be noted that although the date of the proceedings that Fowler published his description of
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<taxonomicName id="14EDEE95DC4F52D9BADE18F49CCE1A25" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AB54E069-3D43-4302-90AA-DADED5490A0B" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Holohalaelurus Halaelurus Fowler 1934:235" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Holohalaelurus</taxonomicName>
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is shown as 1933, the publication date is 20th January 1934, hence is the date that should be referred to for these taxa, as has been done by Compagno (1984b) and Eschmeyer (1998).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8CA339A180D19D248ED7988ECA84DEDF" pageNumber="5">
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The literature fundamental to the taxonomy of this genus are those papers that describe its included species (Gilchrist, 1914; Regan, 1921; Gilchrist, 1922; Fowler, 1934; Norman, 1939), revisions of the
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<taxonomicName id="5FDEF8410688503F4A8A2707D873AF16" family="Scyliorhinidae" pageNumber="5" rank="family">Scyliorhinidae</taxonomicName>
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of the east coast of southern Africa by Bass et al. (1975), and of the Carcharhiniformes by Compagno (1988). All other systematic or taxonomic works related to this genus have been based on the work of Bass et al. (1975) as part of larger revisionary works, with minor additions or notes.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CE3CEBF35712E923A2FF686BB3E7A5CB" pageNumber="5">
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A characteristic of this genus is that males are notably larger than females (Fig. 1), particularly in
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<taxonomicName id="DC4C9D4209CCD3BEB160E0A416B659EE" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="favus">H. favus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="9E6CB85054FED56205F4B9EC60AF1FE5" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="regani">H. regani</taxonomicName>
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as has been noted by many authors (Bass, 1973; Bass et al., 1975; Springer, 1979; Compagno, 1988; Richardson et al., 2000; present study). This is paradoxical as it is more often the case that females grow larger than the males in chondrichthyan fishes (Bass, 1973; Bass et al., 1975; Compagno, 1988; Richardson et al., 2000). This is a possible autapomorphy for
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<taxonomicName id="362AC96FD5C1359BBA244BE1DC3EF1EE" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AB54E069-3D43-4302-90AA-DADED5490A0B" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Holohalaelurus Halaelurus Fowler 1934:235" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Holohalaelurus</taxonomicName>
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, as is the naked patch of skin immediately surrounding the external gill slits.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2B2AAAF467B006684A84D440C766806C" pageNumber="5">
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There are five species that belong to the genus
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<taxonomicName id="088D3519855C2CDB41DD1245B9ED2B1A" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AB54E069-3D43-4302-90AA-DADED5490A0B" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Holohalaelurus Halaelurus Fowler 1934:235" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Holohalaelurus</taxonomicName>
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as determined from this review. The genus
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<taxonomicName id="67E20116EA7F0B15FE3CB5AA41DCE417" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AB54E069-3D43-4302-90AA-DADED5490A0B" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Holohalaelurus Halaelurus Fowler 1934:235" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Holohalaelurus</taxonomicName>
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is comprised of
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|
<taxonomicName id="D298504F70F7ECAE1907D24FCF353DE2" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctatus">H. punctatus (Gilchrist 1914)</taxonomicName>
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|
,
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|
<taxonomicName id="22EE68AD6188967E3B14C98447F82533" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="regani">H. regani (Gilchrist 1922)</taxonomicName>
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|
,
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|
<taxonomicName id="4D74F71DB15B9ACA65C759F5DD6507BB" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostigma">H. melanostigma Norman 1939</taxonomicName>
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|
,
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|
<taxonomicName id="BC02492DE54752D4FA2AC73EFB8868C8" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="favus">H. favus</taxonomicName>
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|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A33D6ED293DA9ED2071B4A246C0224C9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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|
, and
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|
<taxonomicName id="FB9F954FBF27CD45A76A3A660519E4BC" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grennian">H. grennian</taxonomicName>
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|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="06FA2C407F5C4AB7790DA3467E11827C" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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|
</paragraph>
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|
</subSubSection>
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|
<subSubSection id="8B8AA5CCB712FADB764833A441C15EF3" type="etymology">
|
|
<paragraph id="2D86E2FBCA715C16B9E6BAC45871EB34" pageNumber="5">
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|
Etymology.
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|
<taxonomicName id="90379D279206D663F76DA2BEC1F8E572" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AB54E069-3D43-4302-90AA-DADED5490A0B" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Holohalaelurus Halaelurus Fowler 1934:235" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Holohalaelurus</taxonomicName>
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|
is derived from Holos (Greek) meaning entire, referring to the lack of labial folds in this genus, and the genus
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|
<taxonomicName id="278C5DA00269D6A1B05D1984D9240AE2" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF8B4C66-B5D8-494A-A976-671A4547EB5E" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Halaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Halaelurus Gill 1862:407" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Halaelurus</taxonomicName>
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, for which
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|
<taxonomicName id="E33FD46841A497486F6CD99C99633F7F" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AB54E069-3D43-4302-90AA-DADED5490A0B" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Holohalaelurus Halaelurus Fowler 1934:235" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Holohalaelurus</taxonomicName>
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|
was proposed as a subgenus of by Fowler (1934).
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</paragraph>
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|
</subSubSection>
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|
<subSubSection id="1C719F17235CB77A92CBC36EDFAC6CAC" type="distribution">
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|
<paragraph id="6ED3D0E244C4017D6E71B847FFB097C6" pageNumber="5">
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|
Distribution. Although
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|
<taxonomicName id="664CCCCE41470199CF5E67EE4652F18D" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AB54E069-3D43-4302-90AA-DADED5490A0B" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Holohalaelurus Halaelurus Fowler 1934:235" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Holohalaelurus</taxonomicName>
|
|
sharks have been recorded as far north as Somalia (see accounts for
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2A2A42F4B9074E5928F601EE425CDF7B" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grennian">H. grennian</taxonomicName>
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|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8ED262032213A32EF549FB75EC7F3FF8" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="regani">H. regani</taxonomicName>
|
|
), this study can only confirm the presence of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="36F68DCB9D682E7C11735AE5078F6A78" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AB54E069-3D43-4302-90AA-DADED5490A0B" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Holohalaelurus Halaelurus Fowler 1934:235" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Holohalaelurus</taxonomicName>
|
|
as far north as Kenya, although it is not unlikely that
|
|
<taxonomicName id="AD4E2C0348B1B4021EF639FC520DAC78" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AB54E069-3D43-4302-90AA-DADED5490A0B" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Holohalaelurus Halaelurus Fowler 1934:235" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Holohalaelurus</taxonomicName>
|
|
, particularly
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9FD65823C5CF64B033136FA961E94462" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grennian">H. grennian</taxonomicName>
|
|
or
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A5908F6BF1258CD95D39928343961B55" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostigma">H. melanostigma</taxonomicName>
|
|
, occur north of there. It is unlikely that
|
|
<taxonomicName id="37C7A60AFFA379CCCD62C4E13554BECE" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="regani">H. regani</taxonomicName>
|
|
occurs north of the South African-Mozambique border on the African east coast, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C7DD966B7D9C37D2A384FB9817C95B36" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctatus">H. punctatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1A96FBA4E75A0992B0FFB0606CD8B85A" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="regani">H. regani</taxonomicName>
|
|
appear to be allopatric to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="51E74809D47BB9D0B51330D7FDBC78BE" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grennian">H. grennian</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4E5108E7EF0E2898DD54FB2A816B1CDA" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostigma">H. melanostigma</taxonomicName>
|
|
. The confirmed presence of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="50B8C85F2F74B4D19326D968DC3B8B36" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctatus">H. punctatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
around Madagascar suggests that this shark may also be present around other west Indian Ocean archipelagos such as the Comoros Islands, for example.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="05BD5E65160B6325DF3FAC6FD1C61E71" pageNumber="5">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="63A8C1E4DB96E35BEC2A1787421D7A26" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostigma">Holohalaelurus melanostigma</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="03C3AB07D168D51270CD7D964B33A7B8" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grennian">H. grennian</taxonomicName>
|
|
are largely sympatric in the tropical western Indian Ocean, however these species appear to be segregated by depth, with H.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E04F97A66A5EECD80BF50103E7963C00" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grennian">grennian</taxonomicName>
|
|
occurring in water 238m to 300m deep, whereas
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9FE602D3A590DAB1D9E67736E36386E0" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostigma">H. melanostigma</taxonomicName>
|
|
occurs in water 607m to 658m deep. Further sampling is needed to establish if this segregation is real, as there is no evidence of depth segregation between the sympatric species
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D776E092D3CD12F8CCEE80C040860DBB" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="favus">H. favus</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="EBB1AEADF0DBDAAA91FF3721633BD1D0" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctatus">H. punctatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7B0AABB4097738140A47213A9FCF2378" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="regani">H. regani</taxonomicName>
|
|
off kwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique, with the possible exception to preference for egg laying habitat and juvenile habitat in those species.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="792E0519671DA8E1A2D15F5D02AC034B" type="key">
|
|
<paragraph id="650B0D787A93BE92132A40056BA35225" pageNumber="6">
|
|
Key to the species of the genus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4252CBFCBE3802544C06AE2D55805111" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AB54E069-3D43-4302-90AA-DADED5490A0B" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Holohalaelurus Halaelurus Fowler 1934:235" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Holohalaelurus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(excludes
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3F8375ED0913C1439EED2A51E2DB321B" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="regani">H. regani</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3176A3600BAFA20267EC3F100930BB00" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="favus">H. favus</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4D735008EFB124C9C246A26DF3423AC6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
juveniles)
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="CAC3F93453386EC7112B74C2F3B35337" pageNumber="6">
|
|
1a. No enlarged denticles on dorsal midline of body; buccal papillae very prominent; white spot at the origin of each dorsal fin ...................................................
|
|
<taxonomicName id="54C969E4190101F565774E46A0EE5741" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctatus">H. punctatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="76A5060FC64C4243096F0C42F3503F37" pageNumber="6">1b. Denticles on dorsal midline moderately or greatly enlarged; buccal papillae less prominent to inconspicuous; white spot variably present at dorsal fin origins, but never at both dorsal fin origins ................................................................................................... 2</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="6950A6036788E92FBB868EE97E8F73FB" pageNumber="6">
|
|
2a. Anal fin base length 1.5 or less times the length of pelvic fin base; club-shaped papillae present on distal tip of clasper in males; white spots present...
|
|
<taxonomicName id="ED4252F234BDC8BB6123D8D01F71F206" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grennian">H. grennian</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="18A175976EC67ECF3A6D410AB6BF855A" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="42E6480B2E43F9F7E01CA8EFCA781F52" pageNumber="6">2b. Anal fin base length 1.8 or greater times the length of pelvic fin base; club-shaped papillae not present on distal tip of clasper in males; white spots absent ..................... 3</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="77179BB91D51F088944BE67E2657875B" pageNumber="6">
|
|
3a. No enlarged denticles on dorsal surface of snout; “tear line” markings present from the origin of orbit to anterior margin of snout; no enlarged denticles on dorsal surface of pectoral fins in adults ...........................................................................
|
|
<taxonomicName id="157644745511AB2AAF50D46AD48BE78F" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostigma">H. melanostigma</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8DC0B9B5D7E0C3C43197B8C607C2F634" pageNumber="6">3b. Enlarged denticles on dorsal surface of snout present; no “tear line” markings present on snout; enlarged denticles on dorsal surface of pectoral fins in adults ...................... 4</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="5AE6BEF96167B9D0C383F355CF6BBD1E" pageNumber="6">
|
|
4a. Diameter of spots less than eye diameter in adults; not forming “horseshoe” shaped markings; snout broadly rounded and not coming to a point in adults; never more than one symphyseal tooth in each of the upper and lower jaws .................
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A951244685607D0BAC512488AF493FF7" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="favus">H. favus</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="50A7EFD556254F9188FF3E0D7341826B" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="0A1481DB0C05A05ECC372E18D86CAF34" pageNumber="6">
|
|
4b. Diameter of pattern markings greater than eye diameter in adults; forming “horseshoe” shaped markings; snout rounded and coming to a point in adults; up to six symphyseal teeth in each of the upper and lower jaws ........................................................
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0C19837A6659BF255040163CE4766111" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Holohalaelurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="regani">H. regani</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |