336 lines
37 KiB
XML
336 lines
37 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="5C2086BD9219108AF547C933E1083C85">Solving a long-standing nomenclatorial controversy: designation of a neotype for the southern sea lion Otaria flavescens (Shaw, 1800)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A1EA3EDC31A06C5FFA3ACC98F1B9A45D">Lucero, Sergio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E6B8E3EFC2BD46A555425B27D3A070D4">Rodríguez, Sara M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="94ECE850F21D25B9F822576E824C3719">Teta, Pablo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0BB0DFE61A2D2C9CF227F26ED5FBE539">Cassini, Guillermo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="E060B0AFDDC2DFB7FA0519FA421EF31D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="B69F4F819BCEFE2A186CCF246DF06677">D’Elía, Guillermo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="426FD53F1C13214D9B280F09CFD1D897">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="854672E19AE812086F4AE9B0D350CE28">
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<mods:date id="77C394D479D7ACCB233137ECE479643E">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6E9D29EE26F7662907F6C7923C01D233">2019-02-13</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="FB238246966D45401D2473EA9C4BC01F">4555</mods:number>
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<treatment id="543987DC0B6BF027FF0FFE8DFB2AFE3E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5942471" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154533489" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5942471" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:543987DC0B6BF027FF0FFE8DFB2AFE3E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/543987DC0B6BF027FF0FFE8DFB2AFE3E" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="299" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">
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<subSubSection id="948A65410B6BF025FF0FFE8DFD29FE0D" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="DC2F36CA0B6BF025FF0FFE8DFDA2FE86" blockId="1.[151,1436,221,881]" box="[151,526,324,351]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">
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<heading id="876781A60B6BF025FF0FFE8DFDA2FE86" bold="true" box="[151,526,324,351]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="1B904D490B6BF025FF0FFE8DFDA2FE86" ID-CoL="4B23J" authority="(Shaw, 1800)" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1800" box="[151,526,324,351]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Otaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavescens">
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<emphasis id="EEE4EAD80B6BF025FF0FFE8DFDA2FE86" bold="true" box="[151,526,324,351]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">
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<emphasis id="EEE4EAD80B6BF025FF0FFE8DFEC4FE87" bold="true" box="[151,360,324,350]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">Otaria flavescens</emphasis>
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(Shaw, 1800)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DC2F36CA0B6BF025FF0FFEAEFD29FE0D" blockId="1.[151,1436,221,881]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">
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<emphasis id="EEE4EAD80B6BF025FF0FFEAEFEACFEA4" bold="true" box="[151,256,359,381]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">Synonyms</emphasis>
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:
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<emphasis id="EEE4EAD80B6BF025FE88FEAEFEE6FEA5" box="[272,330,359,380]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">aurita</emphasis>
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Bechstein, 1800;
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<taxonomicName id="1B904D490B6BF025FD99FEAEFCB9FEA5" authority="de Blainville, 1820" authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1820" box="[513,789,359,380]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Phoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="byronia">
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<emphasis id="EEE4EAD80B6BF025FD99FEAEFDE7FEA5" box="[513,587,359,380]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">byronia</emphasis>
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de
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<bibRefCitation id="B8014B3B0B6BF025FDECFEAEFCB9FEA5" author="De Blainville, H. D." box="[628,789,359,380]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" pagination="286 - 300" refId="ref2436" refString="De Blainville, H. D. (1820) Sur quelques cranes de phoques. Journal de Physique, de Chemie, d'Histoire Naturelle et des Arts, 91, 286 - 300." type="journal article" year="1820">Blainville, 1820</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<emphasis id="EEE4EAD80B6BF025FCBAFEAEFCDAFEA5" box="[802,886,359,380]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">chilensis</emphasis>
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Muller, 1841;
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<emphasis id="EEE4EAD80B6BF025FB96FEAEFBC0FEA5" box="[1038,1132,359,380]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">chonotica</emphasis>
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Philippi, 1892;
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<emphasis id="EEE4EAD80B6BF025FA89FEAEFAEDFEA5" box="[1297,1345,359,380]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">fulva</emphasis>
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Philippi, 1892;
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<emphasis id="EEE4EAD80B6BF025FE9EFE4CFEC4FE43" box="[262,360,389,410]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">godeffroyi</emphasis>
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Peters, 1866;
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<emphasis id="EEE4EAD80B6BF025FE63FE4CFDE8FE43" box="[507,580,389,410]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">hookeri</emphasis>
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Schlater, 1866;
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<emphasis id="EEE4EAD80B6BF025FD72FE4CFC97FE43" box="[746,827,389,410]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">leoninus</emphasis>
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F.G. Cuvier, 1827;
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<emphasis id="EEE4EAD80B6BF025FB9AFE4CFB97FE43" box="[1026,1083,389,410]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">minor</emphasis>
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Gray, 1874;
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<emphasis id="EEE4EAD80B6BF025FB5AFE4CFA8FFE43" box="[1218,1315,389,410]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">molossina</emphasis>
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Lesson and Garnot, 1826;
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<emphasis id="EEE4EAD80B6BF025FECAFE6BFE16FE6E" box="[338,442,418,439]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">mollosinus</emphasis>
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Lesson, 1827;
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<emphasis id="EEE4EAD80B6BF025FDD5FE6BFD0EFE6E" box="[589,674,418,439]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">pernettyi</emphasis>
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Lesson, 1827;
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<emphasis id="EEE4EAD80B6BF025FCADFE6BFC20FE6E" box="[821,908,418,439]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">pygmaea</emphasis>
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Gray, 1874;
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<emphasis id="EEE4EAD80B6BF025FB91FE6BFB9EFE6E" box="[1033,1074,418,439]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">rufa</emphasis>
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Philippi, 1892;
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<emphasis id="EEE4EAD80B6BF025FB54FE6BFAA4FE6E" box="[1228,1288,418,439]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">ulloae</emphasis>
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Tschudi, 1844;
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<emphasis id="EEE4EAD80B6BF025FF5FFE76FEBEFE0D" box="[199,274,447,468]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">uraniae</emphasis>
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Lesson, 1827;
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<emphasis id="EEE4EAD80B6BF025FE3CFE76FE5DFE0D" box="[420,497,447,468]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">velutina</emphasis>
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Philippi, 1892.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="948A65410B6BF025FF0FFE14FB67FDCE" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="DC2F36CA0B6BF025FF0FFE14FB67FDCE" blockId="1.[151,1436,221,881]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">
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||
<materialsCitation id="6CF83C970B6BF025FF0FFE14FB67FDCE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2234219731" collectingDate="1923-07-18" location="Adult" municipality="Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="neotype">
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<emphasis id="EEE4EAD80B6BF025FF0FFE14FF57FE2D" bold="true" box="[151,251,477,500]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">
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<typeStatus id="032B88680B6BF025FF0FFE14FF5AFE2D" box="[151,246,477,500]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" type="neotype">Neotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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MACN-Ma 23.26,
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<location id="D94F60110B6BF025FE57FE14FDA7FE2D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:543987DC0B6BF027FF0FFE8DFB2AFE3E:D94F60110B6BF025FE57FE14FDA7FE2D" box="[463,523,477,500]" municipality="Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales" name="Adult" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">Adult</location>
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male, skull and mandible, almost without teeth, acquired by the
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<collectingMunicipality id="3C4BACB00B6BF025FB58FE14FEF3FDCE" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales</collectingMunicipality>
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“Bernardino Rivadavia” on
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<collectingDate id="B86AE9E20B6BF025FD08FDC9FC9EFDCE" box="[656,818,512,535]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" value="1923-07-18">
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||
<date id="A82E100A0B6BF025FD08FDC9FC9EFDCE" box="[656,818,512,535]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" value="1923-07-18">july 18th, 1923</date>
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</collectingDate>
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(data on collector is missing) (
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<figureCitation id="44AB2A4F0B6BF025FBE5FDC9FB13FDCE" box="[1149,1215,512,535]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,244,1111,1133]" captionTargetBox="[176,1410,503,1089]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[176,1410,503,1089]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neotype of Phoca flavescens Shaw, 1800 (MACN-Ma 23.26). Scale = 50mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2624287/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="948A65410B6BF025FF5FFDEBFDAEFD85" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="DC2F36CA0B6BF025FF5FFDEBFDAEFD85" blockId="1.[151,1436,221,881]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">
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||
<emphasis id="EEE4EAD80B6BF025FF5FFDEBFEF2FDE0" bold="true" box="[199,350,546,569]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">Type locality.</emphasis>
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San Sebastián (ca. -53.2979, -68.4512), Provincia de Tierra del Fuego,
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<collectingCountry id="A487765A0B6BF025FBC4FDEBFB6CFDE0" box="[1116,1216,546,569]" name="Antarctica" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">Antártida</collectingCountry>
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||
e Islas del Atlántico Sur,
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<collectingCountry id="A487765A0B6BF025FF50FD8CFE09FD85" box="[200,421,581,604]" name="Argentina" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">República Argentina</collectingCountry>
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||
(
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||
<figureCitation id="44AB2A4F0B6BF025FE2BFD8CFE58FD85" box="[435,500,581,604]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="2.[151,244,1709,1731]" captionTargetBox="[415,1171,1172,1688]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[415,1171,1172,1688]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 3. Map of southern South America, depicting the restricted type locality (red star) of Phoca flavescens Shaw, 1800 (MACN- Ma 23.26). The blue shadow in the inset South American map indicates the distributional range of Otaria flavescens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2624289/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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||
).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="948A65410B6BF025FF5FFDA1FC92FCD0" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="DC2F36CA0B6BF025FF5FFDA1FC92FCD0" blockId="1.[151,1436,221,881]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEE4EAD80B6BF025FF5FFDA1FD8EFDA6" bold="true" box="[199,546,616,639]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">
|
||
Measurements of the
|
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<typeStatus id="032B88680B6BF025FE22FDA1FDBBFDA6" box="[442,535,616,639]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.-
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</emphasis>
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Condylobasal length =
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||
<quantity id="1B689B2F0B6BF025FC87FDA1FC22FDA6" box="[799,910,616,639]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.464" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" unit="mm" value="346.4">346.4 mm</quantity>
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||
; zygomatic width = 236.0 mm; braincase width =
|
||
<quantity id="1B689B2F0B6BF025FF0FFD43FEAAFD78" box="[151,262,650,673]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.205" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" unit="mm" value="120.5">120.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
; rostral length =
|
||
<quantity id="1B689B2F0B6BF025FE22FD43FDB0FD78" box="[442,540,650,673]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.83" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" unit="mm" value="88.3">88.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
; rostral width = 100.0 mm; rostral height =
|
||
<quantity id="1B689B2F0B6BF025FC76FD43FBFCFD78" box="[1006,1104,650,673]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.609999999999999" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" unit="mm" value="76.1">76.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
; postorbital constriction =
|
||
<quantity id="1B689B2F0B6BF025FAF4FD43FF68FD1D" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.38" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" unit="mm" value="33.8">33.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
; mastoid width = 210.0; palatal length = 206.0 mm; palatal width = 55.0 mm; upper postcanine length = 94.0 mm; alveolus width of upper canine = 24.0 mm; length of dentary =
|
||
<quantity id="1B689B2F0B6BF025FCDEFD19FC1BFD3E" box="[838,951,720,743]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.764" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" unit="mm" value="276.4">276.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
; coronoid height = 120.0; length of coronoid process = 89.0 mm; length of lower postcanine row = 81.0 mm;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="948A65410B6BF025FF5FFCDCFB29FCA8" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="DC2F36CA0B6BF025FF5FFCDCFB29FCA8" blockId="1.[151,1436,221,881]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEE4EAD80B6BF025FF5FFCDCFEF5FCF5" bold="true" box="[199,345,789,812]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1B904D490B6BF025FEF9FCDCFDB1FCF5" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1800" box="[353,541,788,812]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Otaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEE4EAD80B6BF025FEF9FCDCFDB1FCF5" box="[353,541,788,812]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">Otaria flavescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distributed along the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, from the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1E54F8280B6BF025FB22FCDCFAD2FCF5" box="[1210,1406,789,812]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">Galápagos Islands</collectingRegion>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A487765A0B6BF025FF0FFCF1FF5CFC96" box="[151,240,824,847]" name="Ecuador" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Pacific) and southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A487765A0B6BF025FE7FFCF1FD84FC96" box="[487,552,824,847]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Atlantic) in the north, to the archipelago of Tierra del Fuego and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A487765A0B6BF025FB7EFCF1FA2CFC96" box="[1254,1408,824,847]" name="Falkland Islands" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">Islas Malvinas</collectingCountry>
|
||
in the south (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B8014B3B0B6BF025FE9EFC93FD97FCA8" author="Aguayo, A. & Maturana, R." box="[262,571,858,881]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" pagination="49 - 75" refId="ref2035" refString="Aguayo, A. & Maturana, R. (1973) Presencia del lobo marino comun Otaria flavescens en el litoral chileno. Biologia Pesquera, 6, 49 - 75." type="journal article" year="1973">Aguayo and Maturana, 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B8014B3B0B6BF025FDDEFC93FD5BFCA8" author="Pine, R. H. & Angle, J. P. & Breidge, D." box="[582,759,857,881]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" pagination="105 - 114" refId="ref2860" refString="Pine, R. H., Angle, J. P. & Breidge, D. (1978) Mammals from the sea, mainland and islands at the southern tip of South America. Mammalia, 42, 105 - 114. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / mamm. 1978.42.1.105" type="journal article" year="1978">
|
||
Pine
|
||
<emphasis id="EEE4EAD80B6BF025FDE4FC93FD06FCA8" box="[636,682,857,881]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1978
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Sielfeld, 1983;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B8014B3B0B6BF025FC3EFC93FBD5FCA8" author="Bastida, R. & Rodriguez, D. & Secchi, E. & da Silva, V." box="[934,1145,857,881]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" refId="ref2233" refString="Bastida, R., Rodriguez, D., Secchi, E. & da Silva, V. (2007) Mamiferos acuaticos de Sudamerica y Antartida. Vazquez Mazzini Editores, Buenos Aires, 368 pp." type="book" year="2007">
|
||
Bastida
|
||
<emphasis id="EEE4EAD80B6BF025FC64FC93FB86FCA8" box="[1020,1066,857,881]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="88EF66420B6BF025FF0FF927FF46F8F8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2624285/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" startId="1.[151,244,1774,1796]" targetBox="[264,1323,935,1750]" targetPageId="1">
|
||
<paragraph id="DC2F36CA0B6BF025FF0FF927FF46F8F8" blockId="1.[151,1436,1774,1825]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEE4EAD80B6BF025FF0FF927FEA1F8DD" bold="true" box="[151,269,1774,1796]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Male (in front) and female (behind) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1B904D490B6BF025FD15F927FC11F8DA" authority="(Shaw, 1800)" authorityName="Shaw" authorityYear="1800" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1800" box="[653,957,1774,1795]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Otaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEE4EAD80B6BF025FD15F927FC9AF8DA" box="[653,822,1774,1795]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">Otaria flavescens</emphasis>
|
||
(Shaw, 1800)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Monte León, Santa Cruz, Argentina (Ph: S. Lucero).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="948A65410B6BF026FF5FF88FFAA5FECE" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="298" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="DC2F36CA0B6BF026FF5FF88FFAA5FECE" blockId="1.[151,1436,1862,2024]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,152,452]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="298" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEE4EAD80B6BF025FF5FF88FFDF8F884" bold="true" box="[199,596,1862,1885]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297">Emended morphological diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
(modified from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B8014B3B0B6BF025FC9AF88FFC30F884" author="Brunner, S." box="[770,924,1862,1885]" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" pagination="339 - 439" refId="ref2328" refString="Brunner, S. (2003) Fur seals and sea lions (Otariidae): identification of species and taxonomic review. Systematic Biodiversity, 1, 339 - 439. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 147720000300121 X" type="journal article" year="2003">Brunner, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) A species of the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1B904D490B6BF025FB3CF88FFAABF884" box="[1188,1287,1862,1885]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="297" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Otariidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
characterized by the following combination of character states: skull robust; rostrum sloped and broad, specially between the canines; nasals short and broad; preorbital processes well developed; interorbital constriction wide; supraorbital processes robust, rounded-to-quadrate; palate long, reaching the hamular process of the pterygoid, and wide, with its lateral edges curved ventrally; posterior border of the palate nearly straight; zygomatic arches wide, planned dorsoventrally at the squamoso- jugular margin; mastoids heavy and long in adult males but more reduced in females; canines large and robust; sagittal crest most pronounced in adult males, extending along the frontal and increasing in height towards the occipital crest; occipital crest in males very robust, flaring dorsolaterally from the posterior margins of the sagittal crest; mandible heavy, particularly at the canine roots; coronoid process with a deep and long masseteric fossa (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="44AB2A4F0B68F026FB23FEC9FB50FECE" box="[1211,1276,256,279]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,244,1111,1133]" captionTargetBox="[176,1410,503,1089]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[176,1410,503,1089]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Neotype of Phoca flavescens Shaw, 1800 (MACN-Ma 23.26). Scale = 50mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2624287/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="298">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="948A65410B68F027FF5FFEEBFB2AFE3E" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="299" pageId="2" pageNumber="298" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="DC2F36CA0B68F026FF5FFEEBFD36FE1D" blockId="2.[151,1436,152,452]" pageId="2" pageNumber="298">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEE4EAD80B68F026FF5FFEEBFE94FEE0" bold="true" box="[199,312,290,313]" pageId="2" pageNumber="298">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
Usage of the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1B904D490B68F026FD88FEE8FDD1FEE0" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1800" box="[528,637,289,313]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Otaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="298" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEE4EAD80B68F026FD88FEE8FDD1FEE0" box="[528,637,289,313]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="298">flavescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has some advantages in searches for bibliography and occurrence records over the usage of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1B904D490B68F026FEEAFE8DFE68FE85" authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1820" box="[370,452,324,348]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Phoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="298" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="byronia">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEE4EAD80B68F026FEEAFE8DFE68FE85" box="[370,452,324,348]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="298">byronia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. For example, a search in Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/; conducted on
|
||
<date id="A82E100A0B68F026FF0FFEA1FEDCFEA6" box="[151,368,360,383]" pageId="2" pageNumber="298" value="2018-11-11">November 11, 2018</date>
|
||
) for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1B904D490B68F026FE30FEA1FDC9FEA6" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1800" box="[424,613,359,383]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Otaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="298" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEE4EAD80B68F026FE30FEA1FDC9FEA6" box="[424,613,359,383]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="298">Otaria flavescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
retrieved 3550 results against 1800 for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1B904D490B68F026FB84FEA1FB11FEA6" baseAuthorityName="de Blainville" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[1052,1213,359,383]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Otaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="298" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="byronia">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEE4EAD80B68F026FB84FEA1FB11FEA6" box="[1052,1213,359,383]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="298">Otaria byronia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Similarly, there are 3704 documented occurrences for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1B904D490B68F026FD86FE43FD6FFE78" baseAuthorityName="de Blainville" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[542,707,393,417]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Otaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="298" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="byronia">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEE4EAD80B68F026FD86FE43FD6FFE78" box="[542,707,393,417]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="298">Otaria byronia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility; accessed on
|
||
<date id="A82E100A0B68F026FF0FFE64FEC0FE1D" box="[151,364,429,452]" pageId="2" pageNumber="298" value="2018-11-11">November 11, 2018</date>
|
||
) against 552 for
|
||
<emphasis id="EEE4EAD80B68F026FDB8FE64FD36FE1D" box="[544,666,428,452]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="298">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1B904D490B68F026FDB8FE64FD3AFE1D" baseAuthorityName="de Blainville" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[544,662,428,452]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Otaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="298" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="byronia">O. byronia</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="88EF66420B68F026FF0FFB9EFC51FBB5" box="[151,1021,1111,1133]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2624287/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="298" startId="2.[151,244,1111,1133]" targetBox="[176,1410,503,1089]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="DC2F36CA0B68F026FF0FFB9EFC51FBB5" blockId="2.[151,1021,1111,1133]" box="[151,1021,1111,1133]" pageId="2" pageNumber="298">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEE4EAD80B68F026FF0FFB9EFEA0FBB4" bold="true" box="[151,268,1111,1133]" pageId="2" pageNumber="298">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Neotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1B904D490B68F026FE1BFB9EFD32FBB5" authority="Shaw, 1800" authorityName="Shaw" authorityYear="1800" box="[387,670,1111,1132]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Phoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="298" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEE4EAD80B68F026FE1BFB9EFD84FBB5" box="[387,552,1111,1132]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="298">Phoca flavescens</emphasis>
|
||
Shaw, 1800
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MACN-Ma 23.26). Scale = 50mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="88EF66420B68F026FF0FF964FB55F939" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2624289/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="298" startId="2.[151,244,1709,1731]" targetBox="[415,1171,1172,1688]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="DC2F36CA0B68F026FF0FF964FB55F939" blockId="2.[151,1435,1709,1760]" pageId="2" pageNumber="298">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEE4EAD80B68F026FF0FF964FEA0F91A" bold="true" box="[151,268,1709,1731]" pageId="2" pageNumber="298">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Map of southern South America, depicting the restricted type locality (red star) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1B904D490B68F026FBBCF964FA92F91B" authority="Shaw, 1800" authorityName="Shaw" authorityYear="1800" box="[1060,1342,1709,1730]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Phoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="298" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEE4EAD80B68F026FBBCF964FB66F91B" box="[1060,1226,1709,1730]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="298">Phoca flavescens</emphasis>
|
||
Shaw, 1800
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MACN- Ma 23.26). The blue shadow in the inset South American map indicates the distributional range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1B904D490B68F026FBD3F902FB5FF939" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1800" box="[1099,1267,1739,1760]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Otaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="298" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEE4EAD80B68F026FBD3F902FB5FF939" box="[1099,1267,1739,1760]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="298">Otaria flavescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="DC2F36CA0B68F027FF5FF8CFFDBAFEA6" blockId="2.[151,1436,1797,2029]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,152,487]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="299" pageId="2" pageNumber="298">
|
||
The type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1B904D490B68F026FE06F8CCFD96F8C4" authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1820" box="[414,570,1797,1821]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Phoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="298" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="byronia">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEE4EAD80B68F026FE06F8CCFD96F8C4" box="[414,570,1797,1821]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="298">Phoca byronia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was defined as “…the island of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1E54F8280B68F026FC0BF8CFFC76F8C4" box="[915,986,1798,1821]" country="Northern Mariana Islands" name="Tinian" pageId="2" pageNumber="298">Tinian</collectingRegion>
|
||
…Cette île est l’une des îles Marianiies ou des Larrons, située à l’est des Phillipines ou par le 15° de latitude méridionale et le 215° de long. méridionale de Greenwich” (de
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B8014B3B0B68F026FEC8F882FDAEF8BB" author="De Blainville, H. D." box="[336,514,1867,1890]" pageId="2" pageNumber="298" pagination="286 - 300" refId="ref2436" refString="De Blainville, H. D. (1820) Sur quelques cranes de phoques. Journal de Physique, de Chemie, d'Histoire Naturelle et des Arts, 91, 286 - 300." type="journal article" year="1820">Blainville, 1820</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (=
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A487765A0B68F026FDAFF882FCFEF8BB" box="[567,850,1867,1890]" name="Northern Mariana Islands" pageId="2" pageNumber="298">Northern Mariana Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
in the northeastern Pacific); however, as have been discussed by several authors (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B8014B3B0B68F026FD95F8A7FC9AF85C" author="Rodriguez, D. H. & Bastida, R." box="[525,822,1902,1925]" pageId="2" pageNumber="298" pagination="4" refId="ref2952" refString="Rodriguez, D. H. & Bastida, R. (1993) The southern sea lion, Otaria byronia or Otaria flavescens. Marine Mammal Science, 9 (4)," type="journal article" year="1993">Rodriguez & Bastida, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), this is likely an error, since this island is far away from the known distribution of this species and of any other otarid. Scheffer (1958), based on the discussion provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B8014B3B0B68F026FAF8F859FF72F813" author="Allen, J. A." pageId="2" pageNumber="298" pagination="1 - 210" refId="ref2068" refString="Allen, J. A. (1905) The Mammalia of southern Patagonia. In: Scott, W. B. (Ed.), Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia, 1896 - 1899, J. Pierpont Morgan Publication Fund, Zoology, 3 (1), pp. 1 - 210." type="journal article" year="1905">Allen (1905)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B8014B3B0B68F026FE8AF87AFE6BF813" author="Hamilton, J. E." box="[274,455,1971,1994]" pageId="2" pageNumber="298" pagination="269 - 318" refId="ref2550" refString="Hamilton, J. E. (1934) The southern sea lion, Otaria byronia (de Blainville). Discovery Reports, 8, 269 - 318." type="journal article" year="1934">Hamilton (1934)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, stated that the
|
||
<typeStatus id="032B88680B68F026FDF5F87AFD66F813" box="[621,714,1971,1994]" pageId="2" pageNumber="298" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1B904D490B68F026FD76F87BFCECF813" authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1820" box="[750,832,1970,1994]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Phoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="298" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="byronia">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEE4EAD80B68F026FD76F87BFCECF813" box="[750,832,1970,1994]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="298">byronia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
probably came from the Strait of Magellan or Islas Juan Fernandez. This is a large area that encompasses both Atlantic and mostly Pacific waters, between
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B9A4500D0B68F026FB50F81FFA8AF834" box="[1224,1318,2006,2029]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="298" precision="555" value="-33.9">33.90° S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B9A4500D0B68F026FAACF81FFA37F834" box="[1332,1435,2006,2029]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="298" precision="555" value="-80.7">80.70° W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
and
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B9A4500D0B69F027FF5DFF51FE86FF76" box="[197,298,152,175]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" precision="555" value="-52.6">52.60° S-</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B9A4500D0B69F027FEB2FF51FE31FF76" box="[298,413,152,175]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" precision="555" value="-68.3">68.30 ° W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
. With the evidence at hand, it is not possible to determine the exact provenance of the animal studied by de Blainville. Considering the uncertainty on the geographic origin of the type of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1B904D490B69F027FBE3FF70FB61FF08" authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1820" box="[1147,1229,185,209]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Phoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="byronia">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEE4EAD80B69F027FBE3FF70FB61FF08" box="[1147,1229,185,209]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">byronia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and given that it is lost (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B8014B3B0B69F027FF55FF14FDA7FF2D" author="Rodriguez, D. H. & Bastida, R." box="[205,523,221,244]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" pagination="4" refId="ref2952" refString="Rodriguez, D. H. & Bastida, R. (1993) The southern sea lion, Otaria byronia or Otaria flavescens. Marine Mammal Science, 9 (4)," type="journal article" year="1993">Rodríguez and Bastida, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the selection of a
|
||
<typeStatus id="032B88680B69F027FD79FF14FC99FF2D" box="[737,821,221,244]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
for this taxon is also warranted; this action would allow ending the ambiguity on to which populations this taxonomic form applies. Having said that, we prefer to not undertake this nomenclatorial action and leave it for a future taxonomic study aimed to test the putative distinction between Peruvian and northern Chilean populations and Atlantic and southern Chilean populations, to which currently the taxonomic name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1B904D490B69F027FED6FEAEFE17FEA6" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1800" box="[334,443,359,383]" class="Mammalia" family="Otariidae" genus="Otaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="299" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEE4EAD80B69F027FED6FEAEFE17FEA6" box="[334,443,359,383]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">flavescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
applies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DC2F36CA0B69F027FF5FFE43FB2AFE3E" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,487]" pageId="3" pageNumber="299">We end this contribution mentioning the well-known fact that even for well-studied and charismatic large mammals, as the pinnipeds, nomenclatorial and taxonomic issues are still pending of resolution. As such, we call for continuing support of collection-based research aimed to characterize the biodiversity at the species level.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |