282 lines
35 KiB
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282 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.394.6446" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8534078f-1f99-4b9e-866b-80609e341172" ID-PMC="PMC3978267" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-394-1" ID-PubMed="24715784" ID-ZBK="32F5211696ED46C68BF9BE59C09F0B1A" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-394-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 394" ModsDocTitle="A revision of the ant genus Mystrium in the Malagasy region with description of six new species and remarks on Amblyopone and Stigmatomma (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Amblyoponinae)" checkinTime="1451246058701" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Yoshimura, Masashi & Fisher, Brian L." docDate="2014" docId="542E759B2BE76310196226236676287E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 394: 1-99" docOrigin="ZooKeys 394" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.394.6446" docTitle="Mystrium mirror Yoshimura & Fisher, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="BFEBDF95-71C8-48ED-BDDD-3763E4EE7C0C" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="65" masterDocId="FF955F09FFA4FFC3FFC5FFA24014FFB0" masterDocTitle="A revision of the ant genus Mystrium in the Malagasy region with description of six new species and remarks on Amblyopone and Stigmatomma (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Amblyoponinae)" masterLastPageNumber="99" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="61" updateTime="1668158113736" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A revision of the ant genus Mystrium in the Malagasy region with description of six new species and remarks on Amblyopone and Stigmatomma (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Amblyoponinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Yoshimura, Masashi</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fisher, Brian L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>394</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>99</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.394.6446</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.394.6446</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-394-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">32F5211696ED46C68BF9BE59C09F0B1A</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">32F5211696ED46C68BF9BE59C09F0B1A</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152052266" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BFEBDF95-71C8-48ED-BDDD-3763E4EE7C0C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/542E759B2BE76310196226236676287E" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<subSubSection pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/BFEBDF95-71C8-48ED-BDDD-3763E4EE7C0C" authority="Yoshimura & Fisher" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Mystrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mystrium mirror" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirror">Mystrium mirror Yoshimura & Fisher</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="60" pageNumber="61">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 5C, 8D, 20A, 20C, 20E, 24B, 25A, 25C, 26A, 26C, 27B, 27D, 37E, 38E, 39E, 40E, 41E, 50C, 51C, 52C, 53C, 54C, 55C, 56C
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Worker: CASENT0429897, BLF04760, MADAGASCAR, Toliara, Parc National de Kirindy Mite, 16.3 km 127° SE Belo sur Mer (-20.79528°, 44.147°), 80 m alt., 6-10.xii.2001, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team [CASC].</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="paratypes">
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<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Paratypes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="61">5 workers: CASENT0429898 [CASC], CASENT0318935 [BMNH], CASENT0318936 [MHNG], CASENT0318937 [MCZC], CASENT0318938 [NHMB]; 3 ergatoid queens: CASENT0429899 [CASC], CASENT0318939 [BMNH], CASENT0318940 [MHNG]; 4 males: CASENT0429893 [CASC], CASENT0429895 [BMNH], CASENT0318941 [MHNG], CASENT0318942 [MCZC], with same data as holotype.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="worker">
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<paragraph pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="61" pageNumber="62" start="start">Worker</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Description. Measurements: holotype. HL 1.60, HW 1.68, SL 1.19, ML 1.72, HD 1.03, WL 1.89, PnW 0.91, PpW 0.76, PtW 0.79, PtL 0.55, CI 104.7, SI 71.1, MI 102.7, PpI 83.2, PtI 143.8.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="61" pageNumber="62">HL 1.16-1.91, HW 1.16-2.06, SL 0.94-1.48, ML 1.34-2.30, HD 0.84-1.33, WL 1.46-2.27, PnW 0.69-1.08, PpW 0.60-0.94, PtW 0.59-0.91, PtL 0.37-0.59, CI 99.5-108.3, SI 67.9-80.9, MI 103.8-115.7, PpI 81.5-92.6, PtI 143.7-163.2 (10 specimens measured).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
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Posterolateral corner of head strongly expanding posteriorly. Posterior face of vertex forming a blunt angle with its dorsal face on median line of head, so that declivity of vertex on lateral part distinctly steeper than on median part. Ventral half of vertex sculptured. Eye developed, relatively larger than that of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Mystrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mystrium voeltzkowi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="voeltzkowi">Mystrium voeltzkowi</taxonomicName>
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. Anterior margin of clypeus straight to weakly convex with moderately long conical setae. Genal tooth of head weakly developed, reaching or slightly exceeding basal line of lateral lobe of clypeus. Masticatory surface of mandible in full-face view visible on basal half and invisible on distal half, width of dorsal surface of mandible almost identical from mandibular shaft to distal portion. Second maxillary palpomere longer than third. First flagellomere (third antennal segment) about 1.0-1.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length of pedicel (second antennal segment). Pronotal dorsum covered with strong and longitudinal striae, center deeply impressed. Shallow but thick longitudinal striae impressed on lateral surface of pronotum. Mesonotum differentiated from propodeum in dorsal view, length shorter than that of propodeum. Metanotal groove shallowly and gently impressed, mesonotum higher than pronotum in lateral view. Metapleural gland bulla moderately developed, propodeal declivity in lateral view almost straight. Petiole gently narrowing from anterior 1/3 in dorsal view, anterior margin straight to gently rounded and not edged by striae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Body color reddish brown to dark brown. Four distal segments of antennal club brighter.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="62" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="ergatoid queen">
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<paragraph pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Ergatoid queen.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Description. Measurements: HL 1.17-1.83, HW 1.19-1.55, SL 0.91-1.24, ML 1.12-1.50, HD 0.83-1.08, WL 1.52-2.02, PnW 0.70-0.87, PpW 0.69-0.87, PtW 0.72-0.92, PtL 0.38-0.49, CI 77.6-106.7, SI 72.0-81.9, MI 87.7-104.0, PpI 94.0-106.6, PtI 159.5-194.5 (10 specimens measured).</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="62" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
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Wings usually vestigial and reduced to quite small appendages; sometimes completely absent. Wing sclerites undeveloped. Posterolateral corner of head strongly to weakly expanding posteriorly, expansion relatively weaker than that of workers. Vertex usually thin, forming blunt angle between posterior and dorsal faces on median line of head, so that declivity of vertex on lateral part distinctly steeper than on median part. Ventral half of vertex sculptured, or not differentiated from dorsal region. Eye moderate and distinct. Ocelli absent. Anterior margin of clypeus straight to weakly convex with small conical setae. Genal tooth of head absent and not angled, or angled into small, short spine. Masticatory margin of mandible almost invisible in full-face view, and dorsal surface on distal portion as wide as that on mandibular shaft. Spatulate seta present on basal side of each basal denticle on masticatory margin of mandible. First flagellar segment on antenna moderately long, about 1.1-1.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length of pedicel. Setae on pronotum almost simple, narrowing distally with strongly sharpened apex. Meta
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<pageBreakToken pageId="62" pageNumber="63" start="start">pleural</pageBreakToken>
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gland bulla moderately developed and not expanding dorsally to propodeal spiracle, so that propodeal declivity in lateral view weakly convex and rounded posteriorly on its ventral 1/3. Petiole relatively long in dorsal view, about 0.6-0.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length of abdominal segment III.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Body color yellowish brown, brown or reddish brown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="male">
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<paragraph pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Male.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Description. Measurements: HL 0.93-1.05, HW 1.31-1.56, SL 0.29-0.35, EL 0.67-0.78, WL 1.90-2.38, MnW 1.23-1.40, CI 140.6-149.3, SI 21.5-23.1, EI 70.2-74.3, MnI 88.6-94.0 (6 specimens measured).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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Eye quite large, occupying about 0.75
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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of head length. Ocelli protruding from dorsal margin of head in full-face view. Dorsal margin of head in full-face view rounded. Both anterior and lateral ocelli large. Distance between lateral ocellus and eye equal to or shorter than diameter of lateral ocellus. Posterior face of vertex clearly differentiated from dorsal face, dorsal face distinctly shorter than posterior face. Palpal formula 4,3. First segment of maxillary palp flattened and distinctly wider than second segment. Second maxillary palpomere longer than third. Notauli shallowly and weakly impressed on mesoscutum, but often unclear. Petiole in dorsal view thin, length 0.55
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–0.65×">-0.65x</normalizedToken>
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that of abdominal tergite III. Petiolar dorsum covered with fine punctures. Abdominal tergum VIII without deep punctures, almost smooth.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Distal portion of abdominal sternum IX smooth and not punctured. Basal ring short, not extending basally. Telomere distinctly extending distally farther than digitus. Basoventral expansion of aedeagus well developed basoventrally, distinctly longer than dorsal extension. Ventral margin of aedeagus almost straight in lateral view. Aedeagus distinctly narrowing distally, distal portion relatively sharp.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="62" pageNumber="63">On forewing, cu-a located at junction of Media (M) and Cubitus (Cu), or slightly to far basal from junction.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Body color yellowish to reddish brown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="62" pageNumber="63">This species name is the English word mirror, inspired by the remarkable variation displayed in this species. This species might confuse an observer as a magic mirror would, which reflects different views to the observer. The species epithet is a noun and invariant.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="62" pageNumber="63">MADAGASCAR: as in Figure 56C.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="additional material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Additional material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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In addition to the type material, specimens from the following localities were examined in this study: MADAGASCAR. Antsiranana. Ambondrobe, 41.1 km 175° Vohemar (-13.71533°, 50.10167°), littoral rainforest, 10 m alt.;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Anabohazo">d'Anabohazo</normalizedToken>
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, 21.6 km 247° WSW Maromandia (-14.30889°, 47.91433°), tropical dry forest, 120 m alt.; Mahajanga.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
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Ambohimanga, 26.1 km 314° Mampikony (-15.96267°, 47.43817°), tropical dry forest, 250 m alt.; Parc National de Baie de Baly, 12.4 km 337° NNW Soalala (-16.01°, 45.265°), tropical dry forest, 10 m alt.; Parc National
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Ankarafantsika">d'Ankarafantsika</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
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de Tsimaloto, 18.3 km 46° NE de Tsaramandroso (-16.22806°, 47.14361°), tropical dry forest, 135 m alt.; Ampijoroa Station
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Forestière">Forestiere</normalizedToken>
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, 5.4 km 331° NW Andranofasika (-16.29889°, 46.813°), tropical dry forest, 70 m alt.; Ampijoroa Station
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Forestière">Forestiere</normalizedToken>
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, 40 km 306° NW Andranofasika (-16.32083°, 46.81067°), tropical dry forest, 130 m alt.;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Ankoririka">d'Ankoririka</normalizedToken>
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, 10.6 km 13° NE de Tsaramandroso
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<pageBreakToken pageId="63" pageNumber="64" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
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-16.26722°, 47.04861°), tropical dry forest, 210 m alt.; Parc National de Namoroka, 17.8 km 329° WNW Vilanandro (-16.37667°, 45.32667°), tropical dry forest, 100 m alt.; 16.9 km 317° NW Vilanandro (-16.40667°, 45.31°), tropical dry forest, 100 m alt.; 9.8 km 300° WNW Vilanandro (-16.46667°, 45.35°), tropical dry forest, 140 m alt.;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="forestière">forestiere</normalizedToken>
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Beanka, 50.2 km E Maintirano (-18.02649°, 44.05051°), tropical dry forest on tsingy, 250 m alt.; 52.7 km E Maintirano (-18.0622°, 44.52587°), tropical dry forest on tsingy, 300 m alt.; Parc National Tsingy de Bemaraha, 10.6 km ESE 123° Antsalova (-18.70944°, 44.71817°), tropical dry forest on tsingy, 150 m alt.; 2.5 km 62° ENE Bekopaka, Ankidrodroa River (-19.13222°, 44.81467°), tropical dry forest on tsingy, 100 m alt.; 3.4 km 93° E Bekopaka, Tombeau Vazimba (-19.14194°, 44.828°), tropical dry forest, 50 m alt.;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
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de Tsimembo, 8.7 km 336° NNW Soatana (-19.02139°, 44.44067°), tropical dry forest, 20 m alt.; Toliara.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
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de Kirindy, 15.5 km 64° ENE Marofandilia (-20.045°, 44.66222°), tropical dry forest, 100 m alt.; 48 km ENE Morondava, Kirindy (-20.06667°, 44.65°), tropical dry forest, 30 m alt.;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
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de Beroboka, 5.9 km 131° SE Ankidranoka (-22.23306°, 43.36633°), tropical dry forest, 80 m alt.;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
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de Mite, 20.7 km 29° WNW Tongobory (-23.52417°, 44.12133°), gallery forest, 75 m alt.;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
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Vohidava 88.9 km N Amboasary (-24.24067°, 46.28783°), spiny forest/dry forest transition, 500 m alt.; Parc National
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Andohahela">d'Andohahela</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
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de Manantalinjo, 33.6 km 63° ENE Amboasary, 7.6 km 99° E Hazofotsy (-24.81694°, 46.61°), spiny forest/thicket, 150 m alt.;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Ambohibory">d'Ambohibory</normalizedToken>
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, 1.7 km 61° ENE Tsimelahy, 36.1 km 308° NW Tolagnaro (-24.93°, 46.6455°), tropical dry forest, 300 m alt.;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Privé">Prive</normalizedToken>
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Berenty,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
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de Bealoka,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Mandraré">Mandrare</normalizedToken>
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River, 14.6 km 329° NNW Amboasary (-24.95694°, 46.2715°), gallery forest, 35 m alt.;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Spéciale">Speciale</normalizedToken>
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de Cap Sainte Marie, 14.9 km 261° W Marovato (-25.59444°, 45.14683°), spiny forest/thicket, 160 m alt. Fianarantsoa. Parc National
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Isalo">d'Isalo</normalizedToken>
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, Ambovo Springs, 29.3 km 4° N Ranohira (-22.29833°, 45.35167°), Uapaca woodland, 990 m alt.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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The worker of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Mystrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mystrium mirror" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirror">Mystrium mirror</taxonomicName>
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is distinguished from workers of other
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Mystrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mystrium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mystrium</taxonomicName>
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species by the combination of a central longitudinal furrow on the pronotal dorsum (as in Fig. 13B), reduced convexity of the anteromedial margin of the clypeus (Fig. 20A), blunter angle between the dorsal and posterior faces of the vertex on the median line of the head (as in Fig. 16B), and the straight posterior declivity of the propodeum (Fig. 20E). The workers of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Mystrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mystrium mirror" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirror">Mystrium mirror</taxonomicName>
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are quite similar to those of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Mystrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mystrium shadow" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shadow">Mystrium shadow</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Mystrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mystrium voeltzkowi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="voeltzkowi">Mystrium voeltzkowi</taxonomicName>
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, and the differences among the three species in workers are even slighter in small-sized individuals. When the comparison is made in workers within the same body size range,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Mystrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mystrium mirror" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirror">Mystrium mirror</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Mystrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mystrium shadow" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shadow">Mystrium shadow</taxonomicName>
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by the smaller central clypeal conical setae (as in Fig. 19B), and from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Mystrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mystrium voeltzkowi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="voeltzkowi">Mystrium voeltzkowi</taxonomicName>
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by either the straight declivity of the propodeum (Fig. 20E) and/or larger compound eye (Fig. 20C). The queen of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Mystrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mystrium mirror" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirror">Mystrium mirror</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from other
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Mystrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mystrium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mystrium</taxonomicName>
|
||
queens by a combination of the mesosoma without developed wing sclerites (ergatoid), posterior face of the vertex not strongly differentiated from its dorsal face (as in Fig. 21B), simpler body setae (Fig. 25A), a metapleural gland bulla that is moderately developed and not expanding dorsally to the propodeal spiracle (Fig. 24B), and brighter body color. The strength of the body sculpture is remarkably variable even among members in a single colony; some individuals may lack the striae and have a shiny pronotal dorsum - this weakness or lack of striae could
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="64" pageNumber="65" start="start">prove</pageBreakToken>
|
||
to be an additional diagnostic character to separate this species from others. The ergatoid queens that are the most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Mystrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mystrium mirror" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirror">Mystrium mirror</taxonomicName>
|
||
are those of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Mystrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mystrium voeltzkowi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="voeltzkowi">Mystrium voeltzkowi</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Mystrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mystrium shadow" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shadow">Mystrium shadow</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The less developed metapleural gland bulla (Fig. 24B) separates
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Mystrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mystrium mirror" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirror">Mystrium mirror</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Mystrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mystrium voeltzkowi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="voeltzkowi">Mystrium voeltzkowi</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and pronotal setae simply narrowing distally with a sharp apex (Fig. 25A) separate it from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Mystrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mystrium shadow" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shadow">Mystrium shadow</taxonomicName>
|
||
. For the males, a large eye occupying almost 75% of the lateral margin of the head in full-face view (Fig. 26C), large lateral ocelli protruding from the dorsal margin of the head in full-face view (Fig. 38E), and a shorter distance between the eye and lateral ocellus (Fig. 26A) separate
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Mystrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mystrium mirror" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirror">Mystrium mirror</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Mystrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mystrium voeltzkowi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="voeltzkowi">Mystrium voeltzkowi</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Mystrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mystrium shadow" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shadow">Mystrium shadow</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, only genital characters can distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Mystrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mystrium mirror" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirror">Mystrium mirror</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Mystrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mystrium voeltzkowi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="voeltzkowi">Mystrium voeltzkowi</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 27).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
The distribution range of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Mystrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mystrium mirror" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirror">Mystrium mirror</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 56C) is allopatric with that of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Mystrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mystrium voeltzkowi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="voeltzkowi">Mystrium voeltzkowi</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 56F), but
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Mystrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mystrium mirror" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirror">Mystrium mirror</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a wider distribution than
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Mystrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mystrium voeltzkowi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="voeltzkowi">Mystrium voeltzkowi</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Most of the specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Mystrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mystrium mirror" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirror">Mystrium mirror</taxonomicName>
|
||
were collected from tropical dry forests throughout most of western Madagascar (a few were collected in northern Madagascar), while most
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Mystrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mystrium voeltzkowi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="voeltzkowi">Mystrium voeltzkowi</taxonomicName>
|
||
were collected from rainforest in the northern part of the country. This clear separation in distribution range and preferred habitat may be useful to roughly distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Mystrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mystrium mirror" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirror">Mystrium mirror</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Mystrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mystrium voeltzkowi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="voeltzkowi">Mystrium voeltzkowi</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
We confirm that
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Mystrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mystrium mirror" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirror">Mystrium mirror</taxonomicName>
|
||
was previously used as material in one phylogenetic study (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ouellette, GD" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="359 - 369" title="Molecular systematics of basal subfamilies of ants using 28 S rRNA (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." url="10.1016/j.ympev.2006.03.017" volume="40" year="2006">Ouellette et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and two studies of evolutionary biology (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Molet, M" journalOrPublisher="Biological journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" pagination="198 - 207" title="Shift from independent to dependent colony foundation and evolution of ' multi-purpose' ergatoid queens in Mystrium ants (subfamily Amblyoponinae)." url="10.1111/j.1095-8312.2009.01257.x" volume="98" year="2009">Molet et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Molet, M" journalOrPublisher="American Naturalist" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" pagination="328 - 341" title="Evolution of novel mosaic castes in ants: modularity, phenotypic plasticity, and colonial buffering." url="10.1086/667368" volume="180" year="2012">Molet et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ouellette, GD" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="359 - 369" title="Molecular systematics of basal subfamilies of ants using 28 S rRNA (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." url="10.1016/j.ympev.2006.03.017" volume="40" year="2006">Ouellette et al. (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the specimen referred to as M. mysticum3 (CASENT0500395) is
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Mystrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mystrium mirror" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirror">Mystrium mirror</taxonomicName>
|
||
. An ergatoid queen of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Mystrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mystrium mirror" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirror">Mystrium mirror</taxonomicName>
|
||
was referred to as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Mystrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mystrium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mystrium</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘red’">'red'</normalizedToken>
|
||
in figure 2 in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Molet, M" journalOrPublisher="Biological journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" pagination="198 - 207" title="Shift from independent to dependent colony foundation and evolution of ' multi-purpose' ergatoid queens in Mystrium ants (subfamily Amblyoponinae)." url="10.1111/j.1095-8312.2009.01257.x" volume="98" year="2009">Molet et al. (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and supplemental figure A1 in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Molet, M" journalOrPublisher="American Naturalist" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" pagination="328 - 341" title="Evolution of novel mosaic castes in ants: modularity, phenotypic plasticity, and colonial buffering." url="10.1086/667368" volume="180" year="2012">Molet et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Prior to this study, the species boundaries among species in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Mystrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mystrium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mystrium</taxonomicName>
|
||
were too weak and ambiguous to provide proper taxonomic names for use in phylogenetic or ecological studies. However, the ecological data for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Mystrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mystrium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mystrium</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘red’">'red'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Molet, M" journalOrPublisher="Biological journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" pagination="198 - 207" title="Shift from independent to dependent colony foundation and evolution of ' multi-purpose' ergatoid queens in Mystrium ants (subfamily Amblyoponinae)." url="10.1111/j.1095-8312.2009.01257.x" volume="98" year="2009">Molet et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Molet, M" journalOrPublisher="Naturwissenschaften" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" pagination="280 - 287" title="Winged queens replaced by reproductives smaller than workers in Mystrium ants." url="10.1007/s00114-006-0190-2" volume="94" year="2007 a">Molet et al. 2007a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Molet, M" journalOrPublisher="American Naturalist" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" pagination="328 - 341" title="Evolution of novel mosaic castes in ants: modularity, phenotypic plasticity, and colonial buffering." url="10.1086/667368" volume="180" year="2012">Molet et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is still considered that of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Mystrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mystrium voeltzkowi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="voeltzkowi">Mystrium voeltzkowi</taxonomicName>
|
||
even though an image of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Mystrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mystrium mirror" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirror">Mystrium mirror</taxonomicName>
|
||
was used in their figures. In fact, all colonies used as material in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Molet, M" journalOrPublisher="Ethology" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" pagination="721 - 729" title="Reproductive caste performs intranidal tasks instead of workers in the ant Mystrium oberthueri." url="10.1111/j.1439-0310.2007.01376.x" volume="113" year="2007 b">Molet et al. (2007a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, which we could reexamine in the CASC collection, were identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Mystrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mystrium voeltzkowi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="voeltzkowi">Mystrium voeltzkowi</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see also
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Mystrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mystrium voeltzkowi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="voeltzkowi">Mystrium voeltzkowi</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |