564 lines
53 KiB
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564 lines
53 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1143-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="9CE775624E615E7990C2AFD79B00B8EB" ID-ZooBank="8889CB19B1594D07881C7A87B033BCF3" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1143-1" checkinTime="1674741947848" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Arteaga, Alejandro & Batista, Abel" docDate="2023" docId="5413F02B73CA5BCDB81BA3D733EDEC50" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1143: 1-49" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1143" docPubDate="2023-01-25" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601" docTitle="Sibon vieirai Arteaga & Batista 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="AEE40456-E5FB-492E-822E-C8667E6874B6" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="2" id="9CE775624E615E7990C2AFD79B00B8EB" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="9CE775624E615E7990C2AFD79B00B8EB" masterDocTitle="A consolidated phylogeny of snail-eating snakes (Serpentes, Dipsadini), with the description of five new species from Colombia, Ecuador, and Panama" masterLastPageNumber="49" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1674742250358" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A consolidated phylogeny of snail-eating snakes (Serpentes, Dipsadini), with the description of five new species from Colombia, Ecuador, and Panama</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Arteaga, Alejandro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0014-3728</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Biodiversity Field Lab (BioFL), Khamai Foundation, Quito, Ecuador & Tropical Herping S. A., Quito, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">af.arteaga.navarro@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Batista, Abel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8053-3373</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidad Autonoma de Chiriqui (UNACHI), Vicerrectoria de investigacion y Postgrado, David, Chiriqui, Panama & Museo Herpetologico de Chiriqui (MHCH), David, Chiriqui, Panama & Fundacion Los Naturalistas, Boquete, Chiriqui, Panama & Sistema Nacional de Investigacion (SNI), SENACYT, Panama</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-01-25</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1143</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>49</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1143-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">8889CB19B1594D07881C7A87B033BCF3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">9CE775624E615E7990C2AFD79B00B8EB</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AEE40456-E5FB-492E-822E-C8667E6874B6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5413F02B73CA5BCDB81BA3D733EDEC50" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="https://zoobank.org/AEE40456-E5FB-492E-822E-C8667E6874B6" authority="Arteaga & Batista, 2023" authorityName="Arteaga & Batista" authorityYear="2023" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Sibon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sibon vieirai" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vieirai" status="sp. nov.">Sibon vieirai</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Photographs of some species of Sibon and Dipsas in life a S. canopy sp. nov. from El Valle de Anton, Cocle province, Panama b S. irmelindicaprioae sp. nov. holotype MHCH 3143 from Puerto Indio, Darien province, Panama c S. marleyae sp. nov. from Verdecanande, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador d S. vieirai sp. nov. from Mashpi Amagusa Reserve, Pichincha province, Ecuador e Dipsas sp. from Cerro Gaital, Cocle province, Panama f D. welborni sp. nov. ZSFQ 5060 from Via a Nuevo Paraiso, Zamora Chinchipe province, Ecuador." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800570" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 4d</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Adult male holotype of Sibon vieirai sp. nov. ZSFQ 5071 in a dorsal and b ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800575" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 9</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Photographs of species of the Sibon nebulatus leucomelas complex in life a S. leucomelas from Morromico Reserve, Choco department, Colombia b S. vieirai sp. nov. ZSFQ 5073 from Hacienda Cerro Chico, Los Rios province, Ecuador c S. vieirai sp. nov. from Tundaloma Lodge, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador d S. vieirai sp. nov. holotype ZSFQ 5071 from Tundaloma Lodge, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800576" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 10b-d</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Differences in throat color pattern between species of the Sibon nebulatus leucomelas complex a S. vieirai sp. nov. ZSFQ 5073 from Hacienda Cerro Chico, Los Rios province, Ecuador b S. vieirai sp. nov. holotype ZSFQ 5071 from Tundaloma Lodge, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador c S. leucomelas CZI-R 075 from Represa Murrapal, Valle del Cauca department, Colombia d S. leucomelas CZI-R 029 from Campamento Yatacue, Valle del Cauca department, Colombia." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800577" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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, 11a, b Proposed standard English name:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Vieira’s">Vieira's</normalizedToken>
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Snail-eating Snake Proposed standard Spanish name: Culebra caracolera de Jose Vieira
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</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
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: ZSFQ 5071 (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Adult male holotype of Sibon vieirai sp. nov. ZSFQ 5071 in a dorsal and b ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800575" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Photographs of species of the Sibon nebulatus leucomelas complex in life a S. leucomelas from Morromico Reserve, Choco department, Colombia b S. vieirai sp. nov. ZSFQ 5073 from Hacienda Cerro Chico, Los Rios province, Ecuador c S. vieirai sp. nov. from Tundaloma Lodge, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador d S. vieirai sp. nov. holotype ZSFQ 5071 from Tundaloma Lodge, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800576" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">10d</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Differences in throat color pattern between species of the Sibon nebulatus leucomelas complex a S. vieirai sp. nov. ZSFQ 5073 from Hacienda Cerro Chico, Los Rios province, Ecuador b S. vieirai sp. nov. holotype ZSFQ 5071 from Tundaloma Lodge, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador c S. leucomelas CZI-R 075 from Represa Murrapal, Valle del Cauca department, Colombia d S. leucomelas CZI-R 029 from Campamento Yatacue, Valle del Cauca department, Colombia." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800577" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11b</figureCitation>
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), adult male collected by Jose Vieira, Frank Pichardo, and Matteo Espinosa on 28 February 2021 at Tundaloma Lodge, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="1.18166" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="1.18166">1.18166</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="78.74945" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-78.74945">-78.74945</geoCoordinate>
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; 74 m a.s.l.).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratypes</emphasis>
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: MZUA.RE.0328, adult male collected at Jauneche, Los
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ríos">Rios</normalizedToken>
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province, Ecuador (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="1.33333" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-1.33333">-1.33333</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="79.58333" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-79.58333">-79.58333</geoCoordinate>
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; 41 m a.s.l.). MZUTI 4810, adult female collected by Jaime Culebras on 14 February 2016 at Bosque Privado El
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Jardín">Jardin</normalizedToken>
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de los
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Sueños">Suenos</normalizedToken>
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, Cotopaxi province, Ecuador (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="0.83142" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-0.83142">-0.83142</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="79.21337" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-79.21337">-79.21337</geoCoordinate>
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; 349 m a.s.l.). ZSFQ 5070, adult male collected by Alejandro Arteaga and Jose Vieira on 12 March 2018 at La Primavera, Carchi province, Ecuador (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="0.79502" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="0.79502">0.79502</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="78.21763" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-78.21763">-78.21763</geoCoordinate>
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; 1228 m a.s.l.). MZUTI 3911, juvenile male collected by Jaime Culebras on 11 November 2014 at Itapoa Reserve, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="0.51307" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="0.51307">0.51307</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="79.13401" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-79.13401">-79.13401</geoCoordinate>
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; 321 m a.s.l.). MZUTI 5342, adult male collected by Jorge Vaca on 27 May 2017 at Reserva Jama Coaque,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Manabí">Manabi</normalizedToken>
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province, Ecuador (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="0.11556" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-0.11556">-0.11556</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="80.12472" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-80.12472">-80.12472</geoCoordinate>
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; 299 m a.s.l.). ZSFQ 5073, adult male collected by Jose Vieira on 23 August 2020 at Hacienda Cerro Chico, Los
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ríos">Rios</normalizedToken>
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province, Ecuador (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="0.63862" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-0.63862">-0.63862</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="79.42585" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-79.42585">-79.42585</geoCoordinate>
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; 141 m a.s.l.). USNM 285499, juvenile male collected by Roy McDiarmid on 1 January 1979 at Centro
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Científico">Cientifico</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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Palenque, Los
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ríos">Rios</normalizedToken>
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province, Ecuador (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="0.58333" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-0.58333">-0.58333</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="79.36667" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-79.36667">-79.36667</geoCoordinate>
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; 173 m a.s.l.). USNM 285501, adult male collected by Roy McDiarmid on 10 March 1979 at Hacienda Cerro Chico, Los
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ríos">Rios</normalizedToken>
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province, Ecuador (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="0.63862" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-0.63862">-0.63862</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="79.42585" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-79.42585">-79.42585</geoCoordinate>
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; 141 m a.s.l.). USNM 283534, adult of undetermined sex collected on 6 June 1981 at Rancho Santa Teresita, Santo Domingo de los
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Tsáchilas">Tsachilas</normalizedToken>
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province, Ecuador (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="0.25277" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-0.25277">-0.25277</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="79.37946" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-79.37946">-79.37946</geoCoordinate>
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; 288 m a.s.l.). USNM 285498, adult of undetermined sex collected by Roy McDiarmid on 23 May 1976 at Centro
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Científico">Cientifico</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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Palenque, Los
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ríos">Rios</normalizedToken>
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province, Ecuador (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="0.58333" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-0.58333">-0.58333</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="79.36667" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-79.36667">-79.36667</geoCoordinate>
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; 173 m a.s.l.). USNM 285500, adult of undetermined sex collected by Roy McDiarmid on 2 February 1976 at Centro
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Científico">Cientifico</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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Palenque, Los
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ríos">Rios</normalizedToken>
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province, Ecuador (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="0.58333" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-0.58333">-0.58333</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="79.36667" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-79.36667">-79.36667</geoCoordinate>
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; 173 m a.s.l.). MZUA.RE.0174, adult female collected at Macul, Los
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ríos">Rios</normalizedToken>
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province, Ecuador (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="1.1298" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-1.1298">-1.1298</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="79.65731" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-79.65731">-79.65731</geoCoordinate>
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; 65 m a.s.l.).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Arteaga & Batista" authorityYear="2023" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Sibon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sibon vieirai" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vieirai">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sibon vieirai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. is placed in the genus
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1826" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Sibon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sibon" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sibon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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based on phylogenetic evidence (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Phylogenetic relationships within Dipsadini inferred using a Bayesian inference and derived from analysis of DNA gene fragments 12 S, 16 S, COI, CYTB, ND 4, DNAH 3, and NT 3. Support values on intra-specific branches are not shown for clarity. Voucher numbers for sequences are indicated for each terminal. Black dots indicate clades with posterior probability values from 95 - 100 %. Grey dots indicate values from 70 - 94 %. White dots indicate values from 50 - 69 % (values <50 % not shown). Colored clades correspond to the species' distribution presented in the maps. New or redefined species are indicated in bold type." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800567" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1a</figureCitation>
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) and on having the penultimate supralabial conspicuously higher than all other supralabials. The species is diagnosed based on the following combination of characters: (1) 15/15/15 smooth dorsals with enlarged vertebral row (1.4-3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as wide as adjacent rows); (2) loreal and prefrontal in contact with orbit; (3) 7-8 supralabials with, usually, 4th, 5th, and occasionally 6th contacting orbit; (4) 9-10 infralabials with 1st to 6th in contact with chinshields, first pair of infralabials in contact behind symphysial; (5) 183-195 ventrals in males, 178-189 in females; (6) 95-105 divided subcaudals in males, 78-92 in females; (7) dorsal background color slate gray to brownish gray with faint blackish blotches or incomplete bands bordered by a series of white dots, fine blackish and white speckling in the interspaces (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Photographs of some species of Sibon and Dipsas in life a S. canopy sp. nov. from El Valle de Anton, Cocle province, Panama b S. irmelindicaprioae sp. nov. holotype MHCH 3143 from Puerto Indio, Darien province, Panama c S. marleyae sp. nov. from Verdecanande, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador d S. vieirai sp. nov. from Mashpi Amagusa Reserve, Pichincha province, Ecuador e Dipsas sp. from Cerro Gaital, Cocle province, Panama f D. welborni sp. nov. ZSFQ 5060 from Via a Nuevo Paraiso, Zamora Chinchipe province, Ecuador." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800570" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4d</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Adult male holotype of Sibon vieirai sp. nov. ZSFQ 5071 in a dorsal and b ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800575" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9a</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Photographs of species of the Sibon nebulatus leucomelas complex in life a S. leucomelas from Morromico Reserve, Choco department, Colombia b S. vieirai sp. nov. ZSFQ 5073 from Hacienda Cerro Chico, Los Rios province, Ecuador c S. vieirai sp. nov. from Tundaloma Lodge, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador d S. vieirai sp. nov. holotype ZSFQ 5071 from Tundaloma Lodge, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800576" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">10b-d</figureCitation>
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), ventral surfaces white with encroachment from the dorsal blackish blotches and with or without fine black speckles in-between the blotches (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Adult male holotype of Sibon vieirai sp. nov. ZSFQ 5071 in a dorsal and b ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800575" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9b</figureCitation>
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), dorsal aspect of head black with fine white speckles, throat white with various amounts of black markings that form a checkerboard pattern (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Differences in throat color pattern between species of the Sibon nebulatus leucomelas complex a S. vieirai sp. nov. ZSFQ 5073 from Hacienda Cerro Chico, Los Rios province, Ecuador b S. vieirai sp. nov. holotype ZSFQ 5071 from Tundaloma Lodge, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador c S. leucomelas CZI-R 075 from Represa Murrapal, Valle del Cauca department, Colombia d S. leucomelas CZI-R 029 from Campamento Yatacue, Valle del Cauca department, Colombia." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800577" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11a, b</figureCitation>
|
||
), iris pale gray finely variegated with black; (8) 363-542 mm SVL in males, 352-544 mm in females; (9) 127-224 mm TL in males, 113-170 mm in females.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800575" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Adult male holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Arteaga & Batista" authorityYear="2023" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Sibon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sibon vieirai" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vieirai">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sibon vieirai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. ZSFQ 5071 in
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">a</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal and
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">b</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800576" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 10.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs of species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1896" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Sibon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sibon nebulatus subsp. leucomelas" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="nebulatus" subSpecies="leucomelas">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sibon nebulatus leucomelas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex in life
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">a</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. leucomelas" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="leucomelas">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. leucomelas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Morromico Reserve,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chocó">Choco</normalizedToken>
|
||
department, Colombia
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">b</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. vieirai" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="vieirai">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. vieirai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. ZSFQ 5073 from Hacienda Cerro Chico, Los
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ríos">Rios</normalizedToken>
|
||
province, Ecuador
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">c</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. vieirai" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="vieirai">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. vieirai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. from Tundaloma Lodge, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">d</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. vieirai" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="vieirai">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. vieirai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. holotype ZSFQ 5071 from Tundaloma Lodge, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800577" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 11.</emphasis>
|
||
Differences in throat color pattern between species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1896" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Sibon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sibon nebulatus subsp. leucomelas" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="nebulatus" subSpecies="leucomelas">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sibon nebulatus leucomelas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">a</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. vieirai" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="vieirai">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. vieirai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. ZSFQ 5073 from Hacienda Cerro Chico, Los
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ríos">Rios</normalizedToken>
|
||
province, Ecuador
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">b</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. vieirai" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="vieirai">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. vieirai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. holotype ZSFQ 5071 from Tundaloma Lodge, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">c</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. leucomelas" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="leucomelas">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. leucomelas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
CZI-R075 from Represa Murrapal, Valle del Cauca department, Colombia
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">d</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. leucomelas" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="leucomelas">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. leucomelas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
CZI-R029 from Campamento
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yatacué">Yatacue</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Valle del Cauca department, Colombia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="comparisons">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Comparisons.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Arteaga & Batista" authorityYear="2023" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Sibon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sibon vieirai" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vieirai">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sibon vieirai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. leucomelas" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="leucomelas">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. leucomelas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from which it differs primarily on the basis of coloration (differences summarized under Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Differences in coloration, scale counts, and size between Sibon leucomelas and S. vieirai sp. nov. The range of each continuous variable is from our own sample, Boulenger 1896, and Frazier et al. (2006). The numbers in parentheses represent the sample size." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2F53C30D390D773730E5AE222BDE8E9F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="2F53C30D390D773730E5AE222BDE8E9F">3</tableCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. vieirai" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="vieirai">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. vieirai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Photographs of some species of Sibon and Dipsas in life a S. canopy sp. nov. from El Valle de Anton, Cocle province, Panama b S. irmelindicaprioae sp. nov. holotype MHCH 3143 from Puerto Indio, Darien province, Panama c S. marleyae sp. nov. from Verdecanande, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador d S. vieirai sp. nov. from Mashpi Amagusa Reserve, Pichincha province, Ecuador e Dipsas sp. from Cerro Gaital, Cocle province, Panama f D. welborni sp. nov. ZSFQ 5060 from Via a Nuevo Paraiso, Zamora Chinchipe province, Ecuador." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800570" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4d</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Photographs of species of the Sibon nebulatus leucomelas complex in life a S. leucomelas from Morromico Reserve, Choco department, Colombia b S. vieirai sp. nov. ZSFQ 5073 from Hacienda Cerro Chico, Los Rios province, Ecuador c S. vieirai sp. nov. from Tundaloma Lodge, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador d S. vieirai sp. nov. holotype ZSFQ 5071 from Tundaloma Lodge, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800576" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">10b-d</figureCitation>
|
||
), the complete black and pale dorsal bands typical of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. leucomelas" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="leucomelas">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. leucomelas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Photographs of species of the Sibon nebulatus leucomelas complex in life a S. leucomelas from Morromico Reserve, Choco department, Colombia b S. vieirai sp. nov. ZSFQ 5073 from Hacienda Cerro Chico, Los Rios province, Ecuador c S. vieirai sp. nov. from Tundaloma Lodge, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador d S. vieirai sp. nov. holotype ZSFQ 5071 from Tundaloma Lodge, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800576" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">10a</figureCitation>
|
||
) are usually absent. Instead, the white
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“bands”">"bands"</normalizedToken>
|
||
are formed by series of white spots and the black bands are faint and incomplete. The color of the pale
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“bands”">"bands"</normalizedToken>
|
||
also differs between species: rosy white in S.
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1896" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Sibon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sibon leucomelas" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucomelas">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sibon leucomelas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and white in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. vieirai" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="vieirai">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. vieirai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Photographs of species of the Sibon nebulatus leucomelas complex in life a S. leucomelas from Morromico Reserve, Choco department, Colombia b S. vieirai sp. nov. ZSFQ 5073 from Hacienda Cerro Chico, Los Rios province, Ecuador c S. vieirai sp. nov. from Tundaloma Lodge, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador d S. vieirai sp. nov. holotype ZSFQ 5071 from Tundaloma Lodge, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800576" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">10</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. vieirai" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="vieirai">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. vieirai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov the throat has a checkerboard pattern of black and white markings whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. leucomelas" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="leucomelas">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. leucomelas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it is entirely black with fine white speckling (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Differences in throat color pattern between species of the Sibon nebulatus leucomelas complex a S. vieirai sp. nov. ZSFQ 5073 from Hacienda Cerro Chico, Los Rios province, Ecuador b S. vieirai sp. nov. holotype ZSFQ 5071 from Tundaloma Lodge, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador c S. leucomelas CZI-R 075 from Represa Murrapal, Valle del Cauca department, Colombia d S. leucomelas CZI-R 029 from Campamento Yatacue, Valle del Cauca department, Colombia." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800577" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11</figureCitation>
|
||
). Overall, specimens assignable to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. leucomelas" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="leucomelas">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. leucomelas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a greater number of ventral scales than
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Arteaga & Batista" authorityYear="2023" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Sibon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sibon vieirai" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vieirai">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sibon vieirai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. in both males and females, although there is overlap in the counts (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Differences in coloration, scale counts, and size between Sibon leucomelas and S. vieirai sp. nov. The range of each continuous variable is from our own sample, Boulenger 1896, and Frazier et al. (2006). The numbers in parentheses represent the sample size." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2F53C30D390D773730E5AE222BDE8E9F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="2F53C30D390D773730E5AE222BDE8E9F">3</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Arteaga & Batista" authorityYear="2023" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Sibon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sibon vieirai" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vieirai">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sibon vieirai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. bevridgelyi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bevridgelyi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. bevridgelyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having white (instead of golden yellow) dorsal markings on a primarily gray (instead of rusty brown to deep maroon) background color. Arteaga at al. (2018) presented an in-depth comparison between
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. bevridgelyi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bevridgelyi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. bevridgelyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Arteaga & Batista" authorityYear="2023" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Sibon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sibon vieirai" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vieirai">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sibon vieirai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (reported as
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. nebulatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nebulatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. nebulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Ecuador).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="2F53C30D390D773730E5AE222BDE8E9F" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2F53C30D390D773730E5AE222BDE8E9F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Table 3" startId="T3">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Table 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Differences in coloration, scale counts, and size between
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1896" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Sibon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sibon leucomelas" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucomelas">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sibon leucomelas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. vieirai" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="vieirai">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. vieirai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. The range of each continuous variable is from our own sample,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939608680317" author="Boulenger, GA" journalOrPublisher="Annals & Magazine of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="16 - 21" refId="B12" refString="Boulenger, GA, 1896. Description of new reptiles and batrachians from Colombia. Annals & Magazine of Natural History 17 (97): 16 - 21, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939608680317" title="Description of new reptiles and batrachians from Colombia." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939608680317" volume="17" year="1896">Boulenger 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Frazier, JA" journalOrPublisher="Braumueller et Seidel, Wien" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B44" refString="Frazier, JA, Montgomery, CE, Lips, KR, 2006. Sibon nebulatus (Common Snaileater): Maximum size. Herpetological Review 37: e235." title="Sibon nebulatus (Common Snaileater): Maximum size. Herpetological Review 37: e 235." year="2006">Frazier et al. (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The numbers in parentheses represent the sample size.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Variable</th>
|
||
<th colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1896" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Sibon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sibon leucomelas" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucomelas">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sibon leucomelas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Arteaga & Batista" authorityYear="2023" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Sibon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sibon vieirai" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vieirai">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sibon vieirai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">White dorsal bands</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Distinct, 1-2 scales wide</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Incomplete, broken into dots</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Complete black bands extending over the entire dorsal and lateral surfaces</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Present, distinct</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Usually absent; if present, indistinct and broken</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Color of pale dorsal markings</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Rosy white</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">White</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Throat pattern</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Entirely black with fine white speckling</td>
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Checkerboard, with large black and white markings</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Sex</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
Males (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 5)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
Females (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 7)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
Males (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 8)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
Females (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 5)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Maximum TOL</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">809 mm</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">700 mm</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">732 mm</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">714 mm</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Ventral scales</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">190-198</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">187-194</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">183-195</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">178-189</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Subcaudal scales</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">86-101</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">84-100</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">95-105</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">78-92</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description of holotype.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Adult male, SVL 515 mm, tail length 199 mm (38.6% SVL); head length 20.7 mm (4.0% SVL) from tip of snout to angle of jaw; head width 11.6 mm (55% head length) taken at broadest point; snout-orbit distance 4.9 mm; head distinct from neck; snout short, blunt in dorsal outline and rounded in profile; rostral 3.8 mm wide, higher than broad; internasals 2.1 mm wide, broader than long; prefrontals 3.4 mm wide, slightly broader than long, entering orbit; supraocular 3.6 mm long, longer than broad; frontal 4.3 mm long, with a rounded triangular shape, in contact with prefrontals, supraoculars, and parietals; parietals 6.4 mm long, longer than broad; nasal divided, in contact with two supralabials, loreal, prefrontal, internasal, and rostral; loreal 2.3 mm long, longer than high, entering the orbit; eye diameter 3.9 mm; pupil semi-elliptical; no preocular; two postoculars; temporals 1+2; seven supralabials with 4th and 5th contacting orbit; symphysial precluded from contacting chinshields by first pair of infralabials; nine infralabials with 1st-6th contacting chinshields; two pairs of chinshields longer than wide; dorsal scales in 15/15/15 rows, smooth, without apical pits; 195 ventrals; 105 divided subcaudals; cloacal plate entire.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="natural history">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Natural history.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Arteaga & Batista" authorityYear="2023" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Sibon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sibon vieirai" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vieirai">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sibon vieirai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. have been found in old growth to heavily disturbed evergreen lowland/foothill forests as well as in rural gardens and plantations. Active snakes have been seen at night foraging at ground level or on vegetation up to 3 m above the ground. One snake was spotted as it emerged from under a pile of logs at sunset. Based on our own field experience, individuals appear to be more active when it is raining or drizzling. In the field in Ecuador, specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. vieirai" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="vieirai">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. vieirai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. have been observed feeding on slugs and snails. A female from
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hostería">Hosteria</normalizedToken>
|
||
Selva Virgen, Pichincha province, Ecuador laid a clutch of four eggs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Arteaga & Batista" authorityYear="2023" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Sibon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sibon vieirai" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vieirai">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sibon vieirai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is known from at least 95 localities (listed in Suppl. material 2) along the Chocoan lowlands and adjacent foothills of the Andes in northwestern Ecuador and southwestern Colombia. Previous records of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. nebulatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nebulatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. nebulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the rainforests of northwestern Ecuador as well as those of the Pacific lowlands of Colombia in
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nariño">Narino</normalizedToken>
|
||
department almost surely correspond to this new species.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Arteaga & Batista" authorityYear="2023" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Sibon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sibon vieirai" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vieirai">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sibon vieirai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. occurs over an estimated 58,551 km2 area and has been recorded at elevations 5-1803 m above sea level (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Distribution of species of Sibon previously subsumed under S. nebulatus leucomelas. Black symbols represent type localities; white symbols other localities listed in Suppl. material 2. Colored areas show the extent of suitable environmental conditions for each species." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800578" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800578" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 12" startId="F12">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 12.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution of species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1826" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Sibon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sibon" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sibon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
previously subsumed under
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. nebulatus subsp. leucomelas" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subSpecies" species="nebulatus" subSpecies="leucomelas">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. nebulatus leucomelas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Black symbols represent type localities; white symbols other localities listed in Suppl. material 2. Colored areas show the extent of suitable environmental conditions for each species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The specific epithet
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Arteaga & Batista" authorityYear="2023" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Sibon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sibon vieirai" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vieirai">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sibon vieirai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a patronym honoring Jose Vieira, a Venezuelan biologist and wildlife photographer who created the Ex-Situ project, a free-access photo bank depicting Latin American fauna on a white background. Jose
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vieira’s">Vieira's</normalizedToken>
|
||
photos have been crucial in illustrating field guides about herpetofauna, educational posters, and research publications. Most of the images in this work were created by Jose Vieira. Additionally, after nearly six years of active collaboration with one of us (AA), it has become evident that Jose is one of the most tireless and focused young field biologists ever to sample the jungles of the tropics, a work ethic that has resulted in the generation of photo and museum vouchers for hundreds of poorly studied species of herpetofauna, including the holotype of this new
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1826" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Sibon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sibon" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sibon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
We consider
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Arteaga & Batista" authorityYear="2023" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Sibon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sibon vieirai" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vieirai">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sibon vieirai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. to be included in the Least Concern category following IUCN Red List criteria (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hoge, AR" journalOrPublisher="Memorias do Instituto Butantan" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B54" refString="IUCN (2001) IUCN Red List categories and criteria: Version 3.1.IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland and Cambridge, 30 pp." year="1964">IUCN 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) because the species is distributed over a region of the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chocó">Choco</normalizedToken>
|
||
biome that holds large areas of continuous unspoiled forest. Based on the species distribution model presented in Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Distribution of species of Sibon previously subsumed under S. nebulatus leucomelas. Black symbols represent type localities; white symbols other localities listed in Suppl. material 2. Colored areas show the extent of suitable environmental conditions for each species." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1143.93601.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/800578" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12</figureCitation>
|
||
in combination with maps of vegetation cover of Colombia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hoge, AR" journalOrPublisher="Memorias do Instituto Butantan" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B53" refString="IDEAM (2014) Mapa de Cobertura de la Tierra Adaptada Para Colombia.Instituto de Hidrologia, Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales, Bogota, 1 pp." year="1964">IDEAM 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Ecuador (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lotzkat, S" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B64" refString="MAE (2012) Linea Base de Deforestacion del Ecuador Continental.Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador, Quito, 30 pp." year="2012">MAE 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), we estimate that more than half (~ 51%) of the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
|
||
forest habitat is still standing. Unfortunately, vast areas of the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chocó">Choco</normalizedToken>
|
||
rainforest in western Ecuador have already been converted to pastures (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1038/35002501" author="Myers, N" journalOrPublisher="Nature" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="835 - 838" refId="B70" refString="Myers, N, Mittermeier, RA, Mittermeier, CG, da Fonseca, GAB, Kent, J, 2000. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403 (6772): 835 - 838, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/35002501" title="Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities." url="https://doi.org/10.1038/35002501" volume="403" year="2000">Myers et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. vieirai" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="vieirai">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. vieirai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. occurs over an area greater than 50,000 km2 and is presumably not declining fast enough to qualify for a threatened category.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |