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<document id="4F92A0D473EE56FB79A5C7451DE7CE89" ID-CLB-Dataset="173542" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5200.2.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d7d3ebe5-aea6-43c4-839c-18cabe9abe4e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7256790" ID-ZooBank="E0D67501-60EB-43EA-BD3C-C6F9BB559DE7" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1666858041583" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ruiz, Cesar, Ereskovsky, Alexander &amp; Perez, Thierry" docDate="2022" docId="5404A05EFFCEB73BFF16FF75FD8EE206" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5200.2.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5200 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Aspiculophora papillata Ruiz &amp; Ereskovsky &amp; Perez 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="137" masterDocId="A83DD826FFC6B731FF81FFE2FFA5E347" masterDocTitle="New Skeleton-Less Homoscleromorphs (Porifera, Homoscleromorpha) From The Caribbean Sea: Exceptions To Rules Are Definitely Common In Sponge Taxonomy" masterLastPageNumber="148" masterPageNumber="128" pageNumber="136" updateTime="1699409412589" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="ED5BAD227900E34A014980432FF1F49A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="CCAFBC0AD8A2AF2E03438F1BD6415339">
<mods:title id="25D343F9B52AEC6C3BFF2F6975965300">New Skeleton-Less Homoscleromorphs (Porifera, Homoscleromorpha) From The Caribbean Sea: Exceptions To Rules Are Definitely Common In Sponge Taxonomy</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="BC2B971586F168EB37E5D9997950CB7D" type="personal">
<mods:role id="325480C0CD6BC3BC366843F0394E3592">
<mods:roleTerm id="B972E502218973219EE11AA49FED6D0B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="B970D975F21CADBF7F1786348FD6CC29">Ruiz, Cesar</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="46394890F2EBA465E59584858D8C3B2C">Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie marine et continentale, UMR 7263 CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, IRD, Avignon Université, Station Marine d’Endoume, Chemin de la Batterie des Lions, 13007, Marseille, France.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="F425B164CFA6FD0C4C366E76FCED452C" type="personal">
<mods:role id="E428FF2603F82B06B17DC0EE572162BD">
<mods:roleTerm id="AE73C528D254137971AE658F19967240">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="28A26510334768966AB1449DD30FC4D2">Ereskovsky, Alexander</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E29AC6733F68493B783ADEBC9FE83E30" type="ORCID">0000-0003-1079-7204</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="9BB9501C0636FDE1DFC50A929B12C51C">Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie marine et continentale, UMR 7263 CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, IRD, Avignon Université, Station Marine d’Endoume, Chemin de la Batterie des Lions, 13007, Marseille, France. &amp; Faculty of Biology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb. 7 / 9, 199034, Saint-Petersburg, Russia alexander. ereskovsky @ imbe. fr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 1079 - 7204</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="DFFEC4B1FC721F00D656B77A4562A905" type="email">alexander.ereskovsky@imbe.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="73417D7E2CCB0C61E412C3D0A93BB0FD" type="personal">
<mods:role id="2EAC3F7E1DEE5FF28C1B8A7A0CBB3F55">
<mods:roleTerm id="7B059014F14DF21D4958C8C158DD544E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A082FFEB962518B9A2F5E2A3F84141C8">Perez, Thierry</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="BB295BF70CA90506D5D45920D49290DD">Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie marine et continentale, UMR 7263 CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, IRD, Avignon Université, Station Marine d’Endoume, Chemin de la Batterie des Lions, 13007, Marseille, France.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="4102159E9D4F886A52447B3245B5F1CA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="ADA27C63989A12BC17A7F77E3A360D9C" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="14BF94C0ABFD706DC9E0F9E19CA9B879">
<mods:title id="13E470EE1891A9D236B5ED5DFDE95287">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="D977F1C720C86858E380D02CD86C1CC1">
<mods:date id="BDA0BF1BD263717D25D644D8551CE63C">2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="37C91809EA3D1AB93C0330AA566DBDB0" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="D1B8D53CEFC014C1D479C4E2B2974246">2022-10-27</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="1796982BCE168FD975A2456FF22EC5FA" type="volume">
<mods:number id="6A4BABA72165860841A1BD209C8BB31D">5200</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="08058B6326ADEB72A400149217B28DB7" type="issue">
<mods:number id="94E96143BD17A030914CAE4A65A878DE">2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="EC24088D2FC142572323BFB995745F4B" unit="page">
<mods:start id="07ED50648F666A15853B1C2A9230BDAE">128</mods:start>
<mods:end id="5D3448103B6D6D135A500BC316E19492">148</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
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<mods:classification id="1DF85901DA2A8180FA20162CF21336DC">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="7399D39E6873FC772BC85D7E7054812C" type="CLB-Dataset">173542</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E8915D3938CC729A4A314381B91485AA" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5200.2.2</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E76A5EC7B2C3B525126A98762598DF0D" type="GBIF-Dataset">d7d3ebe5-aea6-43c4-839c-18cabe9abe4e</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6AE82D30635100C6B6167FD71DE6ACDB" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B9A82558774737022E3F8CDBD3EFB23D" type="Zenodo-Dep">7256790</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="4DC15F370928A5F5354C55A549572FE2" type="ZooBank">E0D67501-60EB-43EA-BD3C-C6F9BB559DE7</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="5404A05EFFCEB73BFF16FF75FD8EE206" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7259250" ID-GBIF-Taxon="203693782" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7259250" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5404A05EFFCEB73BFF16FF75FD8EE206" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5404A05EFFCEB73BFF16FF75FD8EE206" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="137" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">
<subSubSection id="94B742C3FFCEB739FF16FF75FDBAE3F6" box="[151,543,151,178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="DC121148FFCEB739FF16FF75FDBAE3F6" blockId="8.[151,543,151,178]" box="[151,543,151,178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">
<heading id="875AA624FFCEB739FF16FF75FDBAE3F6" bold="true" box="[151,543,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" reason="1">
<emphasis id="EED9CD5AFFCEB739FF16FF75FDBAE3F6" bold="true" box="[151,543,151,178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">
<taxonomicName id="1BAD6ACBFFCEB739FF16FF75FE1FE3F5" ID-CoL="a7511e12-2121-4bdd-9912-11936a8db41e" authority="Ruiz &amp; Ereskovsky &amp; Perez, 2022" authorityName="Ruiz &amp; Ereskovsky &amp; Perez" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,442,151,178]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Aspiculophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="papillata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EED9CD5AFFCEB739FF16FF75FE1FE3F5" bold="true" box="[151,442,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">Aspiculophora papillata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F5EA7021FFCEB739FE40FF75FDBAE3F6" box="[449,543,151,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="94B742C3FFCEB739FF16FF3DFAB8E3BE" box="[151,1309,223,250]" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="DC121148FFCEB739FF16FF3DFAB8E3BE" blockId="8.[151,1437,223,1078]" box="[151,1309,223,250]" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">
<emphasis id="EED9CD5AFFCEB739FF16FF3DFEB7E3BD" bold="true" box="[151,274,223,250]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">Etymology</emphasis>
: the species name refers to the papillate surface of this
<taxonomicName id="1BAD6ACBFFCEB739FCFEFF3DFC5DE3BE" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1880" box="[895,1016,223,249]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Plakinidae</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="EED9CD5AFFCEB739FB82FF3DFBF7E3BE" box="[1027,1106,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">papilla</emphasis>
= nipple in Latin.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="94B742C3FFCEB739FF46FEE1FB86E772" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="DC121148FFCEB739FF46FEE1FF5BE2CE" blockId="8.[151,1437,223,1078]" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">
<emphasis id="EED9CD5AFFCEB739FF46FEE1FE9FE25A" bold="true" box="[199,314,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">Diagnosis</emphasis>
: encrusting
<taxonomicName id="1BAD6ACBFFCEB739FE53FEE1FDD2E25A" box="[466,631,259,285]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Aspiculophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EED9CD5AFFCEB739FE53FEE1FDD2E25A" box="[466,631,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">Aspiculophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with papillate surface. Collagen layer (&lt;1µm thick) separating the exopinacoderm and ectosome. Well-developed mesohyl with sub-ectosomal cavities. Leuconoid aquiferous system with aphodal choanocyte chambers. One
<typeStatus id="0316AFEAFFCEB739FDF3FEAEFD07E221" box="[626,674,332,358]" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">type</typeStatus>
of vacuolar cell. High abundance of prokaryotic symbionts in the mesohyl.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DC121148FFCEB739FF46FE71FAC9E2B2" blockId="8.[151,1437,223,1078]" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">
Examined material:
<materialsCitation id="6CC51B15FFCEB739FE40FE71FAC9E2B2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3947878310" accessionNumber="MK949486" collectingDate="2015-05-19" collectionCode="MNHN, MK" collectorName="C. Ruiz. Genbank" country="France" elevation="11" latitude="12.992084" location="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-61.27885" municipality="Bequia" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" specimenCode="DJV204" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="EED9CD5AFFCEB739FE40FE71FD94E2EA" box="[449,561,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">
<typeStatus id="0316AFEAFFCEB739FE40FE71FD8EE2EA" box="[449,555,403,429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<location id="D9724793FFCEB739FDBEFE71FBD7E2EA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5404A05EFFCEB73BFF16FF75FD8EE206:D9724793FFCEB739FDBEFE71FBD7E2EA" box="[575,1138,403,429]" country="France" latitude="12.992084" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-61.27885" municipality="Bequia" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle de Paris</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="A4BA51D8FFCEB739FB02FE76FB6AE2E9" box="[1155,1231,404,430]" name="France" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">France</collectingCountry>
<collectionCode id="BABC898DFFCEB739FB5DFE76FA97E2E9" box="[1244,1330,404,430]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">MNHN</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="8C0BB933FFCEB739FABEFE71FA39E2EA" box="[1343,1436,403,429]" collectionCode="DJV" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">DJV204</specimenCode>
<collectingMunicipality id="3C768B32FFCEB739FF16FE55FF4CE296" box="[151,233,439,465]" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">Bequia</collectingMunicipality>
, The Grenadines, “Full Moon Cave” (
<geoCoordinate id="B999778FFFCEB739FD1BFE55FC90E295" box="[666,821,439,466]" degrees="12" direction="north" minutes="59.525" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" precision="1" value="12.992084">12°59.525’ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="B999778FFFCEB739FCC0FE55FC47E296" box="[833,994,439,465]" degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="16.731" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" precision="1" value="-61.27885">61°16.731’ W</geoCoordinate>
),
<elevation id="5780F67BFFCEB739FC76FE55FB3AE296" box="[1015,1183,439,466]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" unit="m" value="11.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="10.0">
<quantity id="1B55BCADFFCEB739FC76FE55FBF2E295" box="[1015,1111,439,466]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" unit="m" value="11.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="10.0">10-12 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, beneath an overhang, date
<date id="A8133788FFCEB739FF4CFE39FEEAE2B1" box="[205,335,475,502]" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" value="2015-05-19">
<collectingDate id="B857CE60FFCEB739FF4CFE39FEEAE2B1" box="[205,335,475,502]" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" value="2015-05-19">19/05/2015</collectingDate>
</date>
, sample code: 150519LG1-CR13, collector:
<collectorName id="7158749EFFCEB739FCC4FE39FBABE2B2" box="[837,1038,475,501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">C. Ruiz. Genbank</collectorName>
accession number:
<accessionNumber id="C3FE8CABFFCEB739FB6AFE39FAC9E2B2" box="[1259,1388,475,501]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MK949486" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">
<collectionCode id="BABC898DFFCEB739FB6AFE39FABDE2B2" box="[1259,1304,475,501]" country="Kenya" name="National Museum of Kenya" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">MK</collectionCode>
949486
</accessionNumber>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DC121148FFCEB739FF46FDE2FCC7E126" blockId="8.[151,1437,223,1078]" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">
<materialsCitation id="6CC51B15FFCEB739FF46FDE2FCC7E126" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3947878302" collectingDate="2015-05-29" collectionCode="MNHN" collectorName="C. Ruiz." country="France" elevation="18" latitude="16.462334" location="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-61.530617" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" specimenCode="DJV205" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="EED9CD5AFFCEB739FF46FDE2FE92E15E" box="[199,311,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">
<typeStatus id="0316AFEAFFCEB739FF46FDE2FE94E15E" box="[199,305,512,537]" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<location id="D9724793FFCEB739FEC5FE1DFCD3E15E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5404A05EFFCEB73BFF16FF75FD8EE206:D9724793FFCEB739FEC5FE1DFCD3E15E" box="[324,886,511,537]" country="France" latitude="16.462334" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-61.530617" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle de Paris</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="A4BA51D8FFCEB739FC06FDE2FC76E15D" box="[903,979,512,538]" name="France" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">France</collectingCountry>
<collectionCode id="BABC898DFFCEB739FC61FDE2FB93E15D" box="[992,1078,512,538]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">MNHN</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="8C0BB933FFCEB739FBC2FE1DFB05E15D" box="[1091,1184,511,538]" collectionCode="DJV" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">DJV205</specimenCode>
<collectingCountry id="A4BA51D8FFCEB739FB2CFE1DFA92E15E" box="[1197,1335,511,537]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">Guadeloupe</collectingCountry>
, “Grotte Cathédrale” (
<geoCoordinate id="B999778FFFCEB739FEB0FDC1FE75E179" box="[305,464,547,574]" degrees="16" direction="north" minutes="27.740" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" precision="1" value="16.462334">16°27.740’ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="B999778FFFCEB739FE61FDC1FD20E17A" box="[480,645,547,573]" degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="31.837" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" precision="1" value="-61.530617">61°31.837’ W</geoCoordinate>
),
<elevation id="5780F67BFFCEB739FD1CFDC1FC82E17A" box="[669,807,547,574]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" unit="m" value="18.0">
<quantity id="1B55BCADFFCEB739FD1CFDC1FD7EE179" box="[669,731,547,574]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" unit="m" value="18.0">18 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, on a vertical wall in the dark part of the cave, date
<date id="A8133788FFCEB739FF16FDA5FEBCE125" box="[151,281,583,610]" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" value="2015-05-29">
<collectingDate id="B857CE60FFCEB739FF16FDA5FEBCE125" box="[151,281,583,610]" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" value="2015-05-29">29/05/2015</collectingDate>
</date>
, sample code: 150529GU3-CR1, collector:
<collectorName id="7158749EFFCEB739FC84FDA5FCC7E126" box="[773,866,583,609]" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">C. Ruiz.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DC121148FFCEB739FF46FD89FD2EE18A" blockId="8.[151,1437,223,1078]" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">
Other material examined:
<materialsCitation id="6CC51B15FFCEB739FE72FD89FD2EE18A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3947878332" collectingDate="2015-05-15" collectingDateMax="2015-05-16" collectingDateMin="2015-05-15" collectionCode="MT" collectorName="C. Ruiz." country="Martinique" elevation="19" latitude="14.463866" location="Martinique" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-61.01775" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" specimenCode="MT4" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="A4BA51D8FFCEB739FE72FD89FDD7E1C2" box="[499,626,619,645]" name="Martinique" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">Martinique</collectingCountry>
, “Grotte Zeb” (
<geoCoordinate id="B999778FFFCEB739FCA7FD89FC1EE1C2" box="[806,955,619,645]" degrees="14" direction="north" minutes="27.832" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" precision="1" value="14.463866">14°27.832’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="B999778FFFCEB739FC48FD89FBC0E1C1" box="[969,1125,619,646]" degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="01.065" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" precision="1" value="-61.01775">61°01.065’W</geoCoordinate>
),
<elevation id="5780F67BFFCEB739FBFAFD89FAA5E1C2" box="[1147,1280,619,646]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" unit="m" value="19.0">
<quantity id="1B55BCADFFCEB739FBFAFD89FB13E1C1" box="[1147,1206,619,646]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" unit="m" value="19.0">19 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, on a vertical wall in the semi-dark part of the cave, dates
<date id="A8133788FFCEB739FD1CFD6DFCD3E1ED" box="[669,886,655,682]" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" value="2015-05-15" valueMax="2015-05-16" valueMin="2015-05-15">
<collectingDate id="B857CE60FFCEB739FD1CFD6DFCD3E1ED" box="[669,886,655,682]" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" value="2015-05-15" valueMax="2015-05-16" valueMin="2015-05-15">15 and 16/05/2015</collectingDate>
</date>
, sample codes: 150515
<specimenCode id="8C0BB933FFCEB739FB05FD6DFB1BE1ED" box="[1156,1214,655,682]" collectionCode="MT" country="Russia" name="Mus. Tinro, Vladyvostok" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">MT4</specimenCode>
-CR3, 150515
<specimenCode id="8C0BB933FFCEB739FADDFD6DFA30E1ED" box="[1372,1429,655,682]" collectionCode="MT" country="Russia" name="Mus. Tinro, Vladyvostok" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">MT4</specimenCode>
- CR6, 160515
<specimenCode id="8C0BB933FFCEB739FEAEFD51FECCE189" box="[303,361,691,718]" collectionCode="MT" country="Russia" name="Mus. Tinro, Vladyvostok" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">MT4</specimenCode>
-CR14, collector:
<collectorName id="7158749EFFCEB739FDAFFD51FD2EE18A" box="[558,651,691,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">C. Ruiz.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DC121148FFCEB739FF46FD35FF57E07E" blockId="8.[151,1437,223,1078]" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">
<materialsCitation id="6CC51B15FFCEB739FF46FD35FF57E07E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3947878321" collectingDate="2015-05-19" collectionCode="T" collectorName="C. Ruiz &amp; Perez" country="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" elevation="11" latitude="12.992084" location="Bequia" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-61.27885" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" specimenCount="1">
<location id="D9724793FFCEB739FF46FD35FEBCE1B6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5404A05EFFCEB73BFF16FF75FD8EE206:D9724793FFCEB739FF46FD35FEBCE1B6" box="[199,281,727,753]" country="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" latitude="12.992084" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-61.27885" name="Bequia" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">Bequia</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="A4BA51D8FFCEB739FEA3FD35FE76E1B6" box="[290,467,727,753]" name="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">The Grenadines</collectingCountry>
“Full Moon Cave” (
<geoCoordinate id="B999778FFFCEB739FD33FD35FCEEE1B5" box="[690,843,727,754]" degrees="12" direction="north" minutes="59.525" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" precision="1" value="12.992084">12°59.525’ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="B999778FFFCEB739FCD4FD35FC56E1B6" box="[853,1011,727,753]" degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="16.731" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" precision="1" value="-61.27885">61°16.731’ W</geoCoordinate>
),
<elevation id="5780F67BFFCEB739FB84FD35FB0DE1B6" box="[1029,1192,727,754]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" unit="m" value="11.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="10.0">
<quantity id="1B55BCADFFCEB739FB84FD35FBC4E1B5" box="[1029,1121,727,754]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" unit="m" value="11.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="10.0">10-12 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, beneath an overhang, date
<date id="A8133788FFCEB739FF4EFD19FEF4E051" box="[207,337,763,790]" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" value="2015-05-19">
<collectingDate id="B857CE60FFCEB739FF4EFD19FEF4E051" box="[207,337,763,790]" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" value="2015-05-19">19/05/2015</collectingDate>
</date>
, sample codes: 150519LG1-CR10, 150519LG1-CR13, 150519LG1-TP11, collectors:
<collectorName id="7158749EFFCEB739FAA7FD19FAD8E052" box="[1318,1405,763,789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">C. Ruiz</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectionCode id="BABC898DFFCEB739FF16FCC2FF0CE07D" box="[151,169,800,826]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">T</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="7158749EFFCEB739FF35FCFDFF57E07E" box="[180,242,799,825]" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">Pérez</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DC121148FFCEB739FF46FCA1FF79E0E2" blockId="8.[151,1437,223,1078]" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">
Comparative material examined:
<taxonomicName id="1BAD6ACBFFCEB739FDC7FCA1FC54E01A" authority="MNHN DJV" authorityName="MNHN DJV" box="[582,1009,835,862]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Aspiculophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="madinina">
<emphasis id="EED9CD5AFFCEB739FDC7FCA1FCFFE01A" box="[582,858,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">Aspiculophora madinina</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="6CC51B15FFCEB739FCE1FCA6FC54E01A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3947878327" box="[864,1009,835,862]" collectingDate="2011-06-13" collectionCode="T" collectorName="Rocher du Diamant" country="Martinique" elevation="12" latitude="14.441667" location="Martinique" longLatPrecision="92" longitude="-61.051384" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" specimenCode="MT4" specimenCount="1">MNHN DJV</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
180,
<collectorName id="7158749EFFCEB739FBA4FCA1FB58E01A" box="[1061,1277,835,861]" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">Rocher du Diamant</collectorName>
“Grotte Zeb”,
<collectingCountry id="A4BA51D8FFCEB739FF16FC85FEB6E0C6" box="[151,275,871,897]" name="Martinique" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">Martinique</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="B999778FFFCEB739FEA2FC85FE38E0C5" box="[291,413,871,898]" degrees="14" direction="north" minutes="26.5" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" precision="92" value="14.441667">14°26.5´N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="B999778FFFCEB739FE29FC85FDE6E0C6" box="[424,579,871,897]" degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="03.083" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" precision="1" value="-61.051384">61°03.083´W</geoCoordinate>
),
<elevation id="5780F67BFFCEB739FDD6FC85FD7DE0C6" box="[599,728,871,898]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" unit="m" value="12.0">
<quantity id="1B55BCADFFCEB739FDD6FC85FD35E0C5" box="[599,656,871,898]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, date
<date id="A8133788FFCEB739FC98FC85FC3FE0C6" box="[793,922,871,897]" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" value="2011-06-13">
<collectingDate id="B857CE60FFCEB739FC98FC85FC3FE0C6" box="[793,922,871,897]" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" value="2011-06-13">13/06/2011</collectingDate>
</date>
, sample code: 110613
<specimenCode id="8C0BB933FFCEB739FB15FC85FB6BE0C6" box="[1172,1230,871,897]" collectionCode="MT" country="Russia" name="Mus. Tinro, Vladyvostok" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">MT4</specimenCode>
-TP11 collector: T. Pérez,
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DC121148FFCEB739FF46FC4DFCDFE0AA" blockId="8.[151,1437,223,1078]" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">
<emphasis id="EED9CD5AFFCEB739FF46FC4DFE43E08E" box="[199,486,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">
<taxonomicName id="1BAD6ACBFFCEB739FF46FC4DFE46E08E" box="[199,483,943,969]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Aspiculophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="madinina">Aspiculophora madinina</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
“
<materialsCitation id="6CC51B15FFCEB739FE7BFC4DFCD3E0AA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3947878306" collectingDate="2015-05-30" collectionCode="T" country="Guadeloupe" elevation="12" latitude="16.50055" location="Guadeloupe" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-61.47957" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" specimenCount="1">
Grotte Amédien”,
<collectingCountry id="A4BA51D8FFCEB739FD4EFC4DFCF3E08E" box="[719,854,943,969]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">Guadeloupe</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="B999778FFFCEB739FCE9FC4DFBA3E08D" box="[872,1030,943,970]" degrees="16" direction="north" minutes="30.033" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" precision="1" value="16.50055">16°30.033’ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="B999778FFFCEB739FB92FC4DFB61E08E" box="[1043,1220,943,969]" degrees="061" direction="west" minutes="28.774" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" precision="1" value="-61.47957">061°28.774’ W</geoCoordinate>
),
<elevation id="5780F67BFFCEB739FB5BFC4DFAC5E08E" box="[1242,1376,943,970]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" unit="m" value="12.0">
<quantity id="1B55BCADFFCEB739FB5BFC4DFAB3E08D" box="[1242,1302,943,970]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, date
<date id="A8133788FFCEB739FF16FC31FEBCE0A9" box="[151,281,979,1006]" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" value="2015-05-30">
<collectingDate id="B857CE60FFCEB739FF16FC31FEBCE0A9" box="[151,281,979,1006]" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" value="2015-05-30">30/05/2015</collectingDate>
</date>
, sample code: 150530-GU6-TP07, collector:
<collectionCode id="BABC898DFFCEB739FC96FC36FC8CE0A9" box="[791,809,980,1006]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">T</collectionCode>
. Pérez
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DC121148FFCEB739FF46FC15FB86E772" blockId="8.[151,1437,223,1078]" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">
<taxonomicName id="1BAD6ACBFFCEB739FF46FC15FD84E756" authority="MNHN DJV" authorityName="MNHN DJV" box="[199,545,1015,1042]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nathaliae">
<emphasis id="EED9CD5AFFCEB739FF46FC15FE29E756" box="[199,396,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">Plakina nathaliae</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="6CC51B15FFCEB739FE11FC1AFD84E756" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3947878330" box="[400,545,1015,1042]" collectingDate="2011-06-13" collectionCode="T" collectorName="Rocher du Diamant" country="Martinique" elevation="17" latitude="14.441667" location="Martinique" longLatPrecision="92" longitude="-61.051384" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" specimenCode="MT4" specimenCount="1">MNHN DJV</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
179,
<collectorName id="7158749EFFCEB739FDD2FC15FC8DE756" box="[595,808,1015,1041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">Rocher du Diamant</collectorName>
“Grotte Zeb”, La
<collectingCountry id="A4BA51D8FFCEB739FC68FC15FBC0E756" box="[1001,1125,1015,1041]" name="Martinique" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">Martinique</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="B999778FFFCEB739FBF3FC15FB49E755" box="[1138,1260,1015,1042]" degrees="14" direction="north" minutes="26.5" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" precision="92" value="14.441667">14°26.5´N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="B999778FFFCEB739FB75FC15FA35E756" box="[1268,1424,1015,1041]" degrees="61" direction="west" minutes="03.083" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" precision="1" value="-61.051384">61°03.083´W</geoCoordinate>
),
<elevation id="5780F67BFFCEB739FF16FBF9FEBDE772" box="[151,280,1051,1078]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" unit="m" value="17.0">
<quantity id="1B55BCADFFCEB739FF16FBF9FF75E771" box="[151,208,1051,1078]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" unit="m" value="17.0">17 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, date
<date id="A8133788FFCEB739FED8FBF9FE7FE772" box="[345,474,1051,1077]" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" value="2011-06-13">
<collectingDate id="B857CE60FFCEB739FED8FBF9FE7FE772" box="[345,474,1051,1077]" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" value="2011-06-13">13/06/2011</collectingDate>
</date>
, sample code: 110613
<specimenCode id="8C0BB933FFCEB739FD55FBF9FCABE772" box="[724,782,1051,1077]" collectionCode="MT" country="Russia" name="Mus. Tinro, Vladyvostok" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">MT4</specimenCode>
-TP2, collector: T. Pérez.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="94B742C3FFCEB739FF16FB9EFC25E4B1" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" type="description">
<paragraph id="DC121148FFCEB739FF16FB9EFE88E7D1" blockId="8.[151,301,1148,1174]" box="[151,301,1148,1174]" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">
<emphasis id="EED9CD5AFFCEB739FF16FB9EFE88E7D1" box="[151,301,1148,1174]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">
<emphasis id="EED9CD5AFFCEB739FF16FB9EFE86E7D1" bold="true" box="[151,291,1148,1174]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">Description</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DC121148FFCEB739FF16FB26FDB3E6D4" blockId="8.[151,1437,1220,2039]" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">
External morphology:
<taxonomicName id="1BAD6ACBFFCEB739FE17FB26FD0DE799" authority="Ruiz &amp; Ereskovsky &amp; Perez, 2022" authorityName="Ruiz &amp; Ereskovsky &amp; Perez" authorityYear="2022" box="[406,680,1220,1246]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Aspiculophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="papillata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EED9CD5AFFCEB739FE17FB26FD0DE799" box="[406,680,1220,1246]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">Aspiculophora papillata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="EED9CD5AFFCEB739FD2EFB27FCAFE798" bold="true" box="[687,778,1221,1247]" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F5EA7021FFCEB739FD2EFB27FCAFE798" box="[687,778,1221,1247]" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is a thinly encrusting irregular sponge which is quite hard to collect because of its fragile consistency. Collected specimens measured up to
<quantity id="1B55BCADFFCEB739FBA9FB0BFBC8E644" box="[1064,1133,1257,1283]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
wide and
<quantity id="1B55BCADFFCEB739FB62FB0BFA81E644" box="[1251,1316,1257,1283]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
thick. The sponge has a papillate surface and its color varies from yellow to light brown
<emphasis id="EED9CD5AFFCEB739FB8AFAEFFBF2E661" box="[1035,1111,1293,1318]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">in vivo</emphasis>
, whereas it is light brown in ethanol. Papillae are cylindrical, up to
<quantity id="1B55BCADFFCEB739FDC2FAD3FD26E60C" box="[579,643,1329,1355]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
high and about
<quantity id="1B55BCADFFCEB739FCB5FAD3FCD1E60C" box="[820,884,1329,1355]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
in diameter. The top of the papillae is often larger with an umbrella-like form of
<quantity id="1B55BCADFFCEB739FE6CFAB7FDE3E628" box="[493,582,1365,1391]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2-3 mm</quantity>
in diameter. Oscula of about
<quantity id="1B55BCADFFCEB739FC12FAB7FC71E628" box="[915,980,1365,1391]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="136" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
in diameter are sometimes visible in the top of the papillae (
<figureCitation id="44960DCDFFCEB739FEF0FA9AFDADE6D4" box="[369,520,1400,1427]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1538,1562]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,181,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-18@9.[151,1435,181,1513]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. A, B. In situ photographs of two color morphotypes of Aspiculophora papillata sp. nov. showing the characteristic papillate surface. C. Light microscopy micrograph of the internal organization of A. papillata. D. Detailed view of the ectosome showing concentration of vacuolar cells and sub-ectosomal cavities: the arrow indicates the collagen layer between the region of exopinacocyte and ectosome. E. Detailed view of a choanosome. cha, choanocyte chambers; ec, ectosome; pin, pinacocytes; pk, prokaryotes; vc, vacuolar cell; Scav, sub-ectosomal cavities." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7256798" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7256798/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">Figure 4A, B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DC121148FFCEB739FF46FA7EFB01E564" blockId="8.[151,1437,1220,2039]" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">
Internal Anatomy: No spicule or fibrous skeleton. A collagen lager &lt;1 µm separates the exopinacoderm from the ectosome. The ectosome is 20-25 µm thick (
<figureCitation id="44960DCDFFCEB739FD40FA22FC81E69C" box="[705,804,1472,1499]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1538,1562]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,181,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-18@9.[151,1435,181,1513]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. A, B. In situ photographs of two color morphotypes of Aspiculophora papillata sp. nov. showing the characteristic papillate surface. C. Light microscopy micrograph of the internal organization of A. papillata. D. Detailed view of the ectosome showing concentration of vacuolar cells and sub-ectosomal cavities: the arrow indicates the collagen layer between the region of exopinacocyte and ectosome. E. Detailed view of a choanosome. cha, choanocyte chambers; ec, ectosome; pin, pinacocytes; pk, prokaryotes; vc, vacuolar cell; Scav, sub-ectosomal cavities." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7256798" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7256798/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">Figure 4</figureCitation>
C-E). The aquiferous system is leuconoid. The inhalant canals are 15-25 µm wide. The choanocyte chambers are aphodal, spherical to ovoid, 20 to 37 µm in diameter (
<figureCitation id="44960DCDFFCEB739FF1EF9EAFE91E564" box="[159,308,1544,1571]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1538,1562]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,181,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-18@9.[151,1435,181,1513]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. A, B. In situ photographs of two color morphotypes of Aspiculophora papillata sp. nov. showing the characteristic papillate surface. C. Light microscopy micrograph of the internal organization of A. papillata. D. Detailed view of the ectosome showing concentration of vacuolar cells and sub-ectosomal cavities: the arrow indicates the collagen layer between the region of exopinacocyte and ectosome. E. Detailed view of a choanosome. cha, choanocyte chambers; ec, ectosome; pin, pinacocytes; pk, prokaryotes; vc, vacuolar cell; Scav, sub-ectosomal cavities." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7256798" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7256798/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">Figure 4C, E</figureCitation>
). The proportion between mesohyl and choanocyte chambers is greater than 1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DC121148FFCEB739FF46F9CEFC25E4B1" blockId="8.[151,1437,1220,2039]" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">
Cytology: Choanocytes are cylindrical, 5 µm wide and 8 µm high. Their nuclei are spherical, about 2 µm in diameter and are located in apical position. Their cytoplasm usually contains osmiophilic inclusions of about 0.1 µm in diameter in basal position (
<figureCitation id="44960DCDFFCEB739FDA2F996FD65E5C8" box="[547,704,1652,1679]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1373,1397]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,345,1350]" captionTargetId="figure-96@10.[151,1437,345,1350]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. TEM micrograph of Aspiculophora papillata sp. nov. A. Detailed view of a choanocyte chamber: the choanocyte nucleus is inapical position.Arrows point toapopylarcells.B. Detailedview of choanocytes.C.Vacuolar cellandendopinacocytes bordering an exhalant canal in A. papillata: arrows point to prokaryotes inside vacuolar cells. D. morphological diversity of the prokaryote community associated to A. papillata: numbers correspond to morphotypes. apo, apopylar cells; cha, choanocyte chambers; cho, choanocyte; n, nucleus; pin, pinacocytes; pk, prokaryotes; vc, vacuolar cell." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7256801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7256801/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">Figure 5A, B</figureCitation>
). Apopylar cells have a trapezoid shape (
<figureCitation id="44960DCDFFCEB739FB20F996FAB9E5C8" box="[1185,1308,1652,1679]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1373,1397]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,345,1350]" captionTargetId="figure-96@10.[151,1437,345,1350]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. TEM micrograph of Aspiculophora papillata sp. nov. A. Detailed view of a choanocyte chamber: the choanocyte nucleus is inapical position.Arrows point toapopylarcells.B. Detailedview of choanocytes.C.Vacuolar cellandendopinacocytes bordering an exhalant canal in A. papillata: arrows point to prokaryotes inside vacuolar cells. D. morphological diversity of the prokaryote community associated to A. papillata: numbers correspond to morphotypes. apo, apopylar cells; cha, choanocyte chambers; cho, choanocyte; n, nucleus; pin, pinacocytes; pk, prokaryotes; vc, vacuolar cell." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7256801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7256801/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">Figure 5A</figureCitation>
). Exo- and endopinacocytes are flat and flagellated (5-15 µm long; 1-2 µm wide) with a nucleus of about 2.5 µm in diameter (
<figureCitation id="44960DCDFFCEB739FF1EF95EFEB3E590" box="[159,278,1724,1751]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1373,1397]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,345,1350]" captionTargetId="figure-96@10.[151,1437,345,1350]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. TEM micrograph of Aspiculophora papillata sp. nov. A. Detailed view of a choanocyte chamber: the choanocyte nucleus is inapical position.Arrows point toapopylarcells.B. Detailedview of choanocytes.C.Vacuolar cellandendopinacocytes bordering an exhalant canal in A. papillata: arrows point to prokaryotes inside vacuolar cells. D. morphological diversity of the prokaryote community associated to A. papillata: numbers correspond to morphotypes. apo, apopylar cells; cha, choanocyte chambers; cho, choanocyte; n, nucleus; pin, pinacocytes; pk, prokaryotes; vc, vacuolar cell." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7256801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7256801/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">Figure 5C</figureCitation>
). One
<typeStatus id="0316AFEAFFCEB739FEE3F95FFE37E590" box="[354,402,1725,1751]" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">type</typeStatus>
of abundant vacuolar cell was found randomly distributed in the mesohyl. This cell has an ovoid to spherical shape, is 12-20 µm in diameter, and generally harbors one to five vacuoles occupying most of the volume of the cytoplasm. Some heterogeneous to filamentous materials can be seen inside the vacuoles, and microorganisms can be found in their cytoplasm (see arrow in
<figureCitation id="44960DCDFFCEB739FCD7F8CAFC6EE404" box="[854,971,1832,1859]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1373,1397]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,345,1350]" captionTargetId="figure-96@10.[151,1437,345,1350]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. TEM micrograph of Aspiculophora papillata sp. nov. A. Detailed view of a choanocyte chamber: the choanocyte nucleus is inapical position.Arrows point toapopylarcells.B. Detailedview of choanocytes.C.Vacuolar cellandendopinacocytes bordering an exhalant canal in A. papillata: arrows point to prokaryotes inside vacuolar cells. D. morphological diversity of the prokaryote community associated to A. papillata: numbers correspond to morphotypes. apo, apopylar cells; cha, choanocyte chambers; cho, choanocyte; n, nucleus; pin, pinacocytes; pk, prokaryotes; vc, vacuolar cell." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7256801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7256801/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">Figure 5C</figureCitation>
). No archaeocyte was observed. The new species can be considered as an HMA sponge. At least four prokaryotic morphotypes seem to be dominant in the mesohyl (
<figureCitation id="44960DCDFFCEB739FE85F892FEDFE4CC" box="[260,378,1904,1931]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1373,1397]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,345,1350]" captionTargetId="figure-96@10.[151,1437,345,1350]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. TEM micrograph of Aspiculophora papillata sp. nov. A. Detailed view of a choanocyte chamber: the choanocyte nucleus is inapical position.Arrows point toapopylarcells.B. Detailedview of choanocytes.C.Vacuolar cellandendopinacocytes bordering an exhalant canal in A. papillata: arrows point to prokaryotes inside vacuolar cells. D. morphological diversity of the prokaryote community associated to A. papillata: numbers correspond to morphotypes. apo, apopylar cells; cha, choanocyte chambers; cho, choanocyte; n, nucleus; pin, pinacocytes; pk, prokaryotes; vc, vacuolar cell." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7256801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7256801/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="136">Figure 5D</figureCitation>
). The first morphotype is peanut-shaped, 2.5 µm long 0.5 µm wide, with a dense cytoplasm and a double membrane. The second morphotype is of similar size, is cylindrical in shape and has a translucent external membrane. The third morphotype has an irregular shape and is 2-4 µm long and 1 µm wide. The fourth morphotype is bean-shaped with a dense membrane and translucent cytoplasm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="88D241C0FFCFB738FF19F9E0FC85E5ED" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7256798" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7256798" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7256798/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="137" startId="9.[152,255,1538,1562]" targetBox="[152,1435,181,1513]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="DC121148FFCFB738FF19F9E0FC85E5ED" blockId="9.[151,1437,1538,1706]" pageId="9" pageNumber="137">
<emphasis id="EED9CD5AFFCFB738FF19F9E0FEB2E55D" bold="true" box="[152,279,1538,1562]" pageId="9" pageNumber="137">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
A, B.
<emphasis id="EED9CD5AFFCFB738FED7F9E1FE30E55D" box="[342,405,1539,1562]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="137">In situ</emphasis>
photographs of two color morphotypes of
<taxonomicName id="1BAD6ACBFFCFB738FCC1F9E0FB9FE55D" authority="Ruiz &amp; Ereskovsky &amp; Perez, 2022" authorityName="Ruiz &amp; Ereskovsky &amp; Perez" authorityYear="2022" box="[832,1082,1538,1562]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Aspiculophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="137" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="papillata" status="sp. nov.">Aspiculophora papillata</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F5EA7021FFCFB738FBBEF9E0FB35E55D" box="[1087,1168,1538,1562]" pageId="9" pageNumber="137" rank="species">
<emphasis id="EED9CD5AFFCFB738FBBEF9E0FB2FE55D" bold="true" box="[1087,1162,1538,1562]" pageId="9" pageNumber="137">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
showing the characteristic papillate surface. C. Light microscopy micrograph of the internal organization of
<taxonomicName id="1BAD6ACBFFCFB738FC4BF9C4FBE5E579" authorityName="Ruiz &amp; Ereskovsky &amp; Perez" authorityYear="2022" box="[970,1088,1574,1598]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Aspiculophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="137" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="papillata">
<emphasis id="EED9CD5AFFCFB738FC4BF9C4FBE5E579" box="[970,1088,1574,1598]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="137">A. papillata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. D. Detailed view of the ectosome showing concentration of vacuolar cells and sub-ectosomal cavities: the arrow indicates the collagen layer between the region of exopinacocyte and ectosome. E. Detailed view of a choanosome. cha, choanocyte chambers; ec, ectosome; pin, pinacocytes; pk, prokaryotes; vc, vacuolar cell; Scav, sub-ectosomal cavities.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="94B742C3FFCFB73BFF46F93AFD8EE206" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="9" pageNumber="137" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="DC121148FFCFB738FF46F93AFED2E4C5" blockId="9.[151,1437,1752,2031]" pageId="9" pageNumber="137">
<emphasis id="EED9CD5AFFCFB738FF46F93AFE8AE5B5" bold="true" box="[199,303,1752,1778]" pageId="9" pageNumber="137">Ecology:</emphasis>
The new sponge species was found in the Caribbean islands of
<collectingCountry id="A4BA51D8FFCFB738FB82F93AFB28E5B5" box="[1027,1165,1752,1778]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="9" pageNumber="137">Guadeloupe</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="A4BA51D8FFCFB738FB18F93AFAB0E5B5" box="[1177,1301,1752,1778]" name="Martinique" pageId="9" pageNumber="137">Martinique</collectingCountry>
and Bequia (Lesser Antilles). It lives in sympatry (and sometimes in syntopy) with
<taxonomicName id="1BAD6ACBFFCFB738FC3CF91FFBE2E451" box="[957,1095,1788,1815]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Aspiculophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="137" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="madinina">
<emphasis id="EED9CD5AFFCFB738FC3CF91FFBE2E451" box="[957,1095,1788,1815]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="137">A. madinina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, on walls and ceilings of dark marine caves, where it is always found between 10 and
<quantity id="1B55BCADFFCFB738FC80F8C2FC9CE47C" box="[769,825,1824,1851]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="137" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
depth. No sign of predation was observed, but the new species usually lives in close association with other sponges and invertebrates such as
<taxonomicName id="1BAD6ACBFFCFB738FBF7F8A6FB4BE419" box="[1142,1262,1860,1886]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="137" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Serpulidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="1BAD6ACBFFCFB738FAA9F8A6FA38E419" box="[1320,1437,1860,1886]" class="Polychaeta" family="Sabellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="137" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Sabellidae</taxonomicName>
worms (
<figureCitation id="44960DCDFFCFB738FF73F88AFECFE4C5" box="[242,362,1896,1922]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1538,1562]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,181,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-18@9.[151,1435,181,1513]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. A, B. In situ photographs of two color morphotypes of Aspiculophora papillata sp. nov. showing the characteristic papillate surface. C. Light microscopy micrograph of the internal organization of A. papillata. D. Detailed view of the ectosome showing concentration of vacuolar cells and sub-ectosomal cavities: the arrow indicates the collagen layer between the region of exopinacocyte and ectosome. E. Detailed view of a choanosome. cha, choanocyte chambers; ec, ectosome; pin, pinacocytes; pk, prokaryotes; vc, vacuolar cell; Scav, sub-ectosomal cavities." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7256798" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7256798/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="137">Figure 4A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DC121148FFCFB73BFF46F86EFD8EE206" blockId="9.[151,1437,1752,2031]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,151,321]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="9" pageNumber="137">
<emphasis id="EED9CD5AFFCFB738FF46F86EFE67E4E1" bold="true" box="[199,450,1932,1958]" pageId="9" pageNumber="137">Taxonomic remarks:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1BAD6ACBFFCFB738FE4CF86EFD44E4E1" authority="Ruiz &amp; Ereskovsky &amp; Perez, 2022" authorityName="Ruiz &amp; Ereskovsky &amp; Perez" authorityYear="2022" box="[461,737,1932,1958]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Aspiculophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="137" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="papillata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EED9CD5AFFCFB738FE4CF86EFD44E4E1" box="[461,737,1932,1958]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="137">Aspiculophora papillata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="EED9CD5AFFCFB738FD6AF86EFCE2E4E1" bold="true" box="[747,839,1932,1958]" pageId="9" pageNumber="137">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F5EA7021FFCFB738FD6AF86EFCE2E4E1" box="[747,839,1932,1958]" pageId="9" pageNumber="137" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is a skeleton-less
<taxonomicName id="1BAD6ACBFFCFB738FBA1F86EFB33E4E1" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1880" box="[1056,1174,1932,1958]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="137" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Plakinidae</taxonomicName>
like
<taxonomicName id="1BAD6ACBFFCFB738FB55F86FFAC5E4E1" box="[1236,1376,1932,1959]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Aspiculophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="137" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="madinina">
<emphasis id="EED9CD5AFFCFB738FB55F86FFAC5E4E1" box="[1236,1376,1932,1959]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="137">A. madinina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The new species mainly differs by its external morphology, the papillate surface being a trait observed for the first time among
<taxonomicName id="1BAD6ACBFFCFB738FF6AF836FE68E4A9" authorityName="Bergquist" authorityYear="1978" box="[235,461,2004,2030]" class="Homoscleromorpha" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="137" phylum="Porifera" rank="class">Homoscleromorpha</taxonomicName>
. In contrast with
<emphasis id="EED9CD5AFFCFB738FD0FF837FCB3E4A9" box="[654,790,2004,2031]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="137">
<taxonomicName id="1BAD6ACBFFCFB738FD0FF837FCB6E4A9" box="[654,787,2004,2031]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Aspiculophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="137" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="madinina">A madinina</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
no dark exudate was recorded in contact with alcohol for
<taxonomicName id="1BAD6ACBFFCCB73BFF16FF75FEBFE3F6" authorityName="Ruiz &amp; Ereskovsky &amp; Perez" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,282,151,177]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Aspiculophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="138" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="papillata">
<emphasis id="EED9CD5AFFCCB73BFF16FF75FEBFE3F6" box="[151,282,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="138">A. papillata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The collagen layer between the exopinacoderm and the ectosome region in
<taxonomicName id="1BAD6ACBFFCCB73BFBEBFF75FB48E3F6" authority="Ruiz &amp; Ereskovsky &amp; Perez, 2022" authorityName="Ruiz &amp; Ereskovsky &amp; Perez" authorityYear="2022" box="[1130,1261,151,177]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Aspiculophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="138" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="papillata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EED9CD5AFFCCB73BFBEBFF75FB48E3F6" box="[1130,1261,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="138">A. papillata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="EED9CD5AFFCCB73BFB72FF75FAE9E3F6" bold="true" box="[1267,1356,151,177]" pageId="10" pageNumber="138">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F5EA7021FFCCB73BFB72FF75FAE9E3F6" box="[1267,1356,151,177]" pageId="10" pageNumber="138" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is very thin in comparison with
<emphasis id="EED9CD5AFFCCB73BFE31FF59FDE7E392" box="[432,578,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="138">
<taxonomicName id="1BAD6ACBFFCCB73BFE31FF59FD9BE392" box="[432,574,187,213]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Aspiculophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="138" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="madinina">A. madinina</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Another difference between these species is the presence of sub-ectosomal cavities in
<taxonomicName id="1BAD6ACBFFCCB73BFE8EFF3DFE37E3BE" authority="Ruiz &amp; Ereskovsky &amp; Perez, 2022" authorityName="Ruiz &amp; Ereskovsky &amp; Perez" authorityYear="2022" box="[271,402,223,249]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Aspiculophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="138" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="papillata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EED9CD5AFFCCB73BFE8EFF3DFE37E3BE" box="[271,402,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="138">A. papillata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="EED9CD5AFFCCB73BFE18FF3DFE54E3BE" bold="true" box="[409,497,223,249]" pageId="10" pageNumber="138">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F5EA7021FFCCB73BFE18FF3DFE54E3BE" box="[409,497,223,249]" pageId="10" pageNumber="138" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
that do not exist in
<emphasis id="EED9CD5AFFCCB73BFD4AFF3DFCFFE3BE" box="[715,858,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="138">
<taxonomicName id="1BAD6ACBFFCCB73BFD4AFF3DFCF3E3BE" box="[715,854,223,249]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Aspiculophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="138" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="madinina">A. madinina</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Both species share the leuconoid aquiferous system with aphodal choanocyte chambers, only
<specimenCount id="CAABDAC1FFCCB73BFDF1FEE1FD74E25A" box="[624,721,259,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="138" type="generic" typeStatus="type">one type</specimenCount>
of vacuolar cell which is mostly concentrated in the ectosome and similar microbial compositions.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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