357 lines
47 KiB
XML
357 lines
47 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="2F287468F6156C5050FB7772E1FE2D6E">Taxonomic issues related to biological control prospects for the ragweed borer Epiblema strenuana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="540387EDB122FFC8FF46C14BFD8BFA72" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5919418" ID-GBIF-Taxon="161926338" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5919418" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:540387EDB122FFC8FF46C14BFD8BFA72" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/540387EDB122FFC8FF46C14BFD8BFA72" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="356" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">
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<subSubSection id="94B06570B122FFC6FF46C14BFCAEF890" box="[151,783,1798,1825]" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="DC1536FBB122FFC6FF46C14BFCAEF890" blockId="7.[151,783,1798,1860]" box="[151,783,1798,1825]" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">
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<heading id="875D8197B122FFC6FF46C14BFCAEF890" bold="true" box="[151,783,1798,1825]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="EEDEEAE9B122FFC6FF46C14BFCAEF890" bold="true" box="[151,783,1798,1825]" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">
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<taxonomicName id="1BAA4D78B122FFC6FF46C14BFDF9F891" ID-CoL="3BY3L" authority="(Kearfott, 1905)" baseAuthorityName="Kearfott" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[151,600,1798,1825]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Epiblema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutana">
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<emphasis id="EEDEEAE9B122FFC6FF46C14BFE26F891" bold="true" box="[151,391,1798,1825]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">Epiblema minutana</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="B83B4B0AB122FFC6FE46C14BFDF1F891" author="Kearfott, W. D." box="[407,592,1798,1824]" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" pagination="349 - 364" refId="ref8235" refString="Kearfott, W. D. (1905) Descriptions of new species of tortricid moths from North Carolina, with notes. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 28, 349 - 364. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.1398.349" type="journal article" year="1905">Kearfott, 1905</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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, revised status
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="94B06570B122FFC6FF16C167FE4BF8F5" box="[199,490,1834,1860]" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" type="description">
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<paragraph id="DC1536FBB122FFC6FF16C167FE4BF8F5" blockId="7.[151,783,1798,1860]" box="[199,490,1834,1860]" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">
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(
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<figureCitation id="44912A7EB122FFC6FF1EC167FE9AF8F5" box="[207,315,1834,1860]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–16" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1904,1929]" captionTargetBox="[180,1405,260,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[180,1406,260,1879]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 2–16. Adults. 2–9, E. minutana (2, New Jersey, lectotype; 3, Mississippi, DJW8714; 4, California, DJW8655; 5, Kentucky, TONAB101-09; 6, Ohio, USNM152255; 7, Ohio, DJW8712; 8, Florida, DJW8739; 9, California, DJW8666). 10–16, E. strenuana (10, North America, lectotype; 11, Alabama, DJW8703; 12, Texas, DJW8667; 13, Ohio, USNM152288; 14, Alabama, DJW8704; 15, New Mexico, USNM152289; 16, California, DJW8683)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3632787" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3632787/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">Figs. 2–9</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="44912A7EB122FFC6FE96C167FE43F8F5" box="[327,482,1834,1860]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–26" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1892,1917]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,181,1867]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[155,1432,181,1867]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 17–26. Genitalia. 17–18, E. minutana (17, Ohio, TMG782; 18, Ohio, USNM152256). 19, E. strenuana (Iowa, USNM152286). 20–23, E. minutana (20, Kentucky, TMG781; 21, New Mexico, USNM152260; 22, Kansas, USNM152258; 23, Israel, TMG784). 24–26, E. strenuana (24, TMG778; 25, Kansas, USNM152287; 26, Ohio, USNM152288)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3632789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3632789/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">17–18, 20–23</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="94B06570B122FFC8FF46C127FE21FF66" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="356" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="DC1536FBB122FFC6FF46C127FC3BF830" blockId="7.[151,1436,1897,2044]" box="[151,922,1897,1922]" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">
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<taxonomicName id="1BAA4D78B122FFC6FF46C127FDBFF833" ID-CoL="3BY3L" authority="Kearfott 1905: 356" authorityName="Kearfott" authorityPageNumber="356" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,542,1897,1922]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Eucosma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutana">
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<emphasis id="EEDEEAE9B122FFC6FF46C127FEFBF830" box="[151,346,1898,1921]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">Eucosma minutana</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="B83B4B0AB122FFC6FEB1C124FDBFF833" author="Kearfott, W. D." box="[352,542,1897,1922]" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" pagination="349 - 364" refId="ref8235" refString="Kearfott, W. D. (1905) Descriptions of new species of tortricid moths from North Carolina, with notes. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 28, 349 - 364. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.1398.349" type="journal article" year="1905">Kearfott 1905:356</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
; Barnes and McDunnough 1917:170.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="DC1536FBB122FFC6FF46C1C5FCC5F811" blockId="7.[151,1436,1897,2044]" box="[151,868,1927,1952]" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">
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<taxonomicName id="1BAA4D78B122FFC6FF46C1C5FD9CF811" ID-CoL="3BY3L" authority=": Blanchard 1979: 179" authorityName=": Blanchard" authorityPageNumber="179" authorityYear="1979" box="[151,573,1927,1952]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Epiblema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutana">
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<emphasis id="EEDEEAE9B122FFC6FF46C1C5FEFEF811" box="[151,351,1928,1952]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">Epiblema minutana</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="B83B4B0AB122FFC6FEBDC1CAFD9CF811" author="Blanchard, A." box="[364,573,1927,1952]" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" pagination="179 - 188" refId="ref7035" refString="Blanchard, A. (1979) New status for Epiblema minutana (Kearfott) and new species of Epiblema Hubner and Sonia Heinrich (Tortricidae). Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 33, 179 - 188." type="journal article" year="1979">Blanchard 1979:179</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="B83B4B0AB122FFC6FD96C1CAFCC1F811" author="Miller, W. E. & Pogue, M. G." box="[583,864,1927,1952]" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" pagination="227 - 231" refId="ref8631" refString="Miller, W. E. & Pogue, M. G. (1984) Ragweed borer (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Eucosmini): Taxonomic implications of an allometric analysis of adult characters. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 77, 227 - 231. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 77.3.227" type="journal article" year="1984">Miller and Pogue 1984:227</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DC1536FBB122FFC6FF46C1EAFC41F80F" blockId="7.[151,1436,1897,2044]" box="[151,992,1958,1983]" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">
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||
<taxonomicName id="1BAA4D78B122FFC6FF46C1EAFDAAF80E" ID-CoL="3BXPB" authority="Meyrick 1920: 344" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityPageNumber="344" authorityYear="1920" box="[151,523,1958,1983]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Eucosma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antaxia">
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<emphasis id="EEDEEAE9B122FFC6FF46C1EAFEE7F80F" box="[151,326,1959,1982]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">Eucosma antaxia</emphasis>
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Meyrick 1920:344
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</taxonomicName>
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, unnecessary replacement name for
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<taxonomicName id="1BAA4D78B122FFC6FCAAC1EAFC7AF80F" ID-CoL="3BY3L" authorityName=": Blanchard" authorityYear="1979" box="[891,987,1959,1982]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Epiblema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutana">
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<emphasis id="EEDEEAE9B122FFC6FCAAC1EAFC7AF80F" box="[891,987,1959,1982]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">minutana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DC1536FBB122FFC6FF46C188FBF2F84A" blockId="7.[151,1436,1897,2044]" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">
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||
<taxonomicName id="1BAA4D78B122FFC6FF46C188FEC8F86C" ID-CoL="93ZB9" authorityName=": Heinrich" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,361,1989,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Epiblema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strenuana">
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<emphasis id="EEDEEAE9B122FFC6FF46C188FEC8F86C" box="[151,361,1989,2013]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">Epiblema strenuana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(not Walker):
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<bibRefCitation id="B83B4B0AB122FFC6FDC1C188FD78F86C" author="Heinrich, C." box="[528,729,1989,2014]" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" pagination="1 - 128" refId="ref7997" refString="Heinrich, C. (1923) Revision of the North American moths of the subfamily Eucosminae of the family Olethreutidae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 123, 1 - 128." type="journal article" year="1923">Heinrich 1923:140</bibRefCitation>
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; McDunnough 1939:48; Powell 1983:35;
|
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<bibRefCitation id="B83B4B0AB122FFC6FB75C188FAE7F86F" author="Miller, W. E." box="[1188,1350,1989,2014]" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" refId="ref8588" refString="Miller, W. E. (1987) Guide to the olethreutine moths of Midland North America (Tortricidae). United States Department of Agriculture. Forest Service Agriculture Handbook 660, 104 pp. [Miller and Hodges 1990]" type="book" year="1987">Miller 1987:56</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B83B4B0AB122FFC6FA86C18BFE8BF84D" author="Brown, J. W." pageId="7" pageNumber="354" refId="ref7112" refString="Brown, J. W. (2005) World catalogue of insects. Volume 5: Tortricidae (Lepidoptera). Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 741 pp." type="book" year="2005">Brown 2005:286</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B83B4B0AB122FFC6FEE5C1AEFD88F84D" author="Gilligan, T. M. & Wright, D. J. & Gibson, L. D." box="[308,553,2019,2044]" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" refId="ref7608" refString="Gilligan, T. M., Wright, D. J. & Gibson, L. D. (2008) Olethreutine moths of the midwestern United States, an identification guide. Ohio Biological Survey, Columbus, Ohio, 334 pp." type="book" year="2008">
|
||
Gilligan
|
||
<emphasis id="EEDEEAE9B122FFC6FE5FC1A8FE60F84D" box="[398,449,2020,2044]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008:121
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B83B4B0AB122FFC6FDE5C1AEFCA2F84D" author="Pohl, G. R. & Landry, J. - F. & Schmidt, B. C. & Lafontaine, J. D. & Troubridge, J. T. & Macaulay, A. D. & van Nieukerken, E. J. & deWaard, J. R. & Dombroskie, J. J. & Klymko, J. & Nazari, V. & Stead, K." box="[564,771,2019,2044]" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" refId="ref8693" refString="Pohl, G. R., Landry, J. - F., Schmidt, B. C., Lafontaine, J. D., Troubridge, J. T., Macaulay, A. D., van Nieukerken, E. J., deWaard, J. R., Dombroskie, J. J., Klymko, J., Nazari, V. & Stead, K. (2018) Annotated checklist of the moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera) of Canada and Alaska. Series Faunistica No. 118. Pensoft, Sofia, 580 pp." type="book" year="2018">
|
||
Pohl
|
||
<emphasis id="EEDEEAE9B122FFC6FDB9C1A8FD3DF84D" box="[616,668,2020,2044]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018:151
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, senior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BAA4D78B122FFC6FC00C1A8FBECF84D" ID-CoL="3BY3L" authorityName=": Blanchard" authorityYear="1979" box="[977,1101,2021,2044]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Epiblema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutana">
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||
<emphasis id="EEDEEAE9B122FFC6FC00C1A8FBECF84D" box="[977,1101,2021,2044]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">E. minutana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="88D56673B12DFFC9FF46C129FB45F874" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3632789" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3632789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3632789/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="355" startId="8.[151,264,1892,1917]" targetBox="[155,1432,181,1867]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="DC1536FBB12DFFC9FF46C129FB45F874" blockId="8.[151,1436,1892,1989]" pageId="8" pageNumber="355">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEDEEAE9B12DFFC9FF46C129FEF0F8CC" bold="true" box="[151,337,1892,1917]" pageId="8" pageNumber="355">FIGURES 17–26</emphasis>
|
||
. Genitalia. 17–18,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BAA4D78B12DFFC9FDCCC12BFD3CF8CC" ID-CoL="3BY3L" authorityName=": Blanchard" authorityYear="1979" box="[541,669,1894,1917]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Epiblema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="355" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutana">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEDEEAE9B12DFFC9FDCCC12BFD3CF8CC" box="[541,669,1894,1917]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="355">E. minutana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(17, Ohio, TMG782; 18, Ohio, USNM152256). 19,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BAA4D78B12DFFC9FB1CC12BFAF0F8CC" ID-CoL="93ZB9" authorityName=": Heinrich" authorityYear="1923" box="[1229,1361,1894,1917]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Epiblema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="355" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strenuana">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEDEEAE9B12DFFC9FB1CC12BFAF0F8CC" box="[1229,1361,1894,1917]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="355">E. strenuana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Iowa, USNM152286). 20–23,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BAA4D78B12DFFC9FE5AC1C7FDA7F810" ID-CoL="3BY3L" authorityName=": Blanchard" authorityYear="1979" box="[395,518,1930,1953]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Epiblema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="355" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutana">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEDEEAE9B12DFFC9FE5AC1C7FDA7F810" box="[395,518,1930,1953]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="355">E. minutana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(20, Kentucky, TMG781; 21, New Mexico, USNM152260; 22, Kansas, USNM152258; 23, Israel, TMG784). 24–26,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BAA4D78B12DFFC9FE4AC1E3FDBAF874" ID-CoL="93ZB9" authorityName=": Heinrich" authorityYear="1923" box="[411,539,1966,1989]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Epiblema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="355" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strenuana">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEDEEAE9B12DFFC9FE4AC1E3FDBAF874" box="[411,539,1966,1989]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="355">E. strenuana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(24, TMG778; 25, Kansas, USNM152287; 26, Ohio, USNM152288).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="DC1536FBB12CFFC8FF46C6D4FE21FF66" blockId="9.[151,1437,153,1475]" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="6CC23CA6B12CFFC8FF46C6D4FE21FF66" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2561484973" collectingDate="1908-07" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Montclair, W. D" country="Jersey" county="Essex County" location="New" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEDEEAE9B12CFFC8FF46C6D4FEACFF02" bold="true" box="[151,269,153,179]" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">
|
||
<typeStatus id="03118859B12CFFC8FF46C6D4FEACFF02" box="[151,269,153,179]" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(designated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B83B4B0AB12CFFC8FE15C6D4FDDDFF02" author="Blanchard, A." box="[452,636,153,179]" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" pagination="179 - 188" refId="ref7035" refString="Blanchard, A. (1979) New status for Epiblema minutana (Kearfott) and new species of Epiblema Hubner and Sonia Heinrich (Tortricidae). Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 33, 179 - 188." type="journal article" year="1979">Blanchard 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<specimenCount id="CAACFD72B12CFFC8FD40C6D4FD09FF02" box="[657,680,153,179]" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="D9756020B12CFFC8FD67C6D4FD4AFF02" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:540387EDB122FFC8FF46C14BFD8BFA72:D9756020B12CFFC8FD67C6D4FD4AFF02" box="[694,747,153,179]" country="Jersey" county="Essex County" name="New" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">New</location>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A4BD766BB12CFFC8FD22C6D4FC9BFF02" box="[755,826,153,179]" name="Jersey" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">Jersey</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="35744E77B12CFFC8FC96C6D4FC44FF02" box="[839,997,153,179]" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">Essex County</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="715F532DB12CFFC8FC20C6D4FB0DFF02" box="[1009,1196,153,179]" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">Montclair, W. D</collectorName>
|
||
. Kearfott,
|
||
<date id="A814103BB12CFFC8FAF7C6D4FA39FF02" box="[1318,1432,153,179]" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" value="1908-07">
|
||
<collectingDate id="B850E9D3B12CFFC8FAF7C6D4FA39FF02" box="[1318,1432,153,179]" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" value="1908-07">July 1908</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, slide 24505,
|
||
<collectionCode id="BABBAE3EB12CFFC8FEF6C6F0FEDDFF66" box="[295,380,189,215]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="94B06570B12CFFC8FF16C6ACFED3FCEE" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="DC1536FBB12CFFC8FF16C6ACFAA1FE3A" blockId="9.[151,1437,153,1475]" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B83B4B0AB12CFFC8FF16C6ACFED7FF4A" author="Kearfott, W. D." box="[199,374,224,251]" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" pagination="349 - 364" refId="ref8235" refString="Kearfott, W. D. (1905) Descriptions of new species of tortricid moths from North Carolina, with notes. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 28, 349 - 364. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.1398.349" type="journal article" year="1905">Kearfott (1905)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned a series of about
|
||
<specimenCount id="CAACFD72B12CFFC8FD68C6ACFCF0FF4A" box="[697,849,225,251]" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" type="generic">40 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
from Tryon, North Carolina; Cincinnati, Ohio; New Brighton, Pennsylvania; Plummers Island, Maryland; Belvidere, Illinois; Smith County, Tennessee; Anglesea, New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A4BD766BB12CFFC8FF46C764FF40FEF2" box="[151,225,297,323]" name="Jersey" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">Jersey</collectingCountry>
|
||
; and Essex County Park, New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A4BD766BB12CFFC8FD97C764FD2FFEF2" box="[582,654,297,323]" name="Jersey" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">Jersey</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B83B4B0AB12CFFC8FD4BC764FC8BFEF2" author="Klots, A. B." box="[666,810,297,323]" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" pagination="391 - 424" refId="ref8284" refString="Klots, A. B. (1942) Type material of North American Microlepidoptera other than Aegeriidae in the American Museum of Natural History. Bulletin of the AMNH, 79, 391 - 424." type="journal article" year="1942">Klots (1942)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B83B4B0AB12CFFC8FC61C764FBC4FEF2" author="Heinrich, C." box="[944,1125,297,323]" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" pagination="1 - 128" refId="ref7997" refString="Heinrich, C. (1923) Revision of the North American moths of the subfamily Eucosminae of the family Olethreutidae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 123, 1 - 128." type="journal article" year="1923">Heinrich (1923)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
had designated a
|
||
<typeStatus id="03118859B12CFFC8FAE7C764FA3CFEF2" box="[1334,1437,297,323]" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
from Essex County Park, New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A4BD766BB12CFFC8FE26C700FD9CFED6" box="[503,573,333,359]" name="Jersey" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">Jersey</collectingCountry>
|
||
but disagreed with Heinrich’s statement that the depository was the AMNH.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="6CC23CA6B12CFFC8FF46C73CFB5CFE3A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2561484974" box="[151,1277,369,395]" collectionCode="USNM" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B83B4B0AB12CFFC8FF46C73CFEFDFE3A" author="Blanchard, A." box="[151,348,369,395]" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" pagination="179 - 188" refId="ref7035" refString="Blanchard, A. (1979) New status for Epiblema minutana (Kearfott) and new species of Epiblema Hubner and Sonia Heinrich (Tortricidae). Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 33, 179 - 188." type="journal article" year="1979">Blanchard (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
settled the matter by formally designating the
|
||
<typeStatus id="03118859B12CFFC8FCB6C73CFC6FFE3A" box="[871,974,369,395]" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
listed above in the
|
||
<collectionCode id="BABBAE3EB12CFFC8FB79C73CFB5CFE3A" box="[1192,1277,369,395]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DC1536FBB12CFFC8FF16C7D9FD89FD36" blockId="9.[151,1437,153,1475]" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEDEEAE9B12CFFC8FF16C7D9FECCFE1E" bold="true" box="[199,365,404,431]" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">Redescription</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BAA4D78B12CFFC8FEAFC7D8FDFCFE1E" authorityName=": Blanchard" authorityYear="1979" box="[382,605,405,431]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Epiblema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutana">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEDEEAE9B12CFFC8FEAFC7D8FDFCFE1E" box="[382,605,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">Epiblema minutana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a dark gray species that lacks any subcostal orange-brown coloration near the apex of the forewing. In size it varies (FWL:
|
||
<quantity id="1B529B1EB12CFFC8FCD9C7F4FC33FE62" box="[776,914,441,467]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" metricValueMax="7.9" metricValueMin="4.3" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" unit="mm" value="6.1" valueMax="7.9" valueMin="4.3">4.3–7.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
) much like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BAA4D78B12CFFC8FBCDC7F7FB0DFE62" authorityName=": Heinrich" authorityYear="1923" box="[1052,1196,442,467]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Epiblema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strenuana">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEDEEAE9B12CFFC8FBCDC7F7FB0DFE62" box="[1052,1196,442,467]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">E. strenuana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(FWL: 4.0–9.0 mm) but on average it is somewhat smaller than the latter species (mean FWL = 6.0 vs.
|
||
<quantity id="1B529B1EB12CFFC8FBE6C790FB30FE46" box="[1079,1169,477,503]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" unit="mm" value="7.1">7.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Previous authors have noted, and we concur, that the forewing is slightly narrower in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BAA4D78B12CFFC8FCBDC44FFC56FDAA" authorityName=": Blanchard" authorityYear="1979" box="[876,1015,514,539]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Epiblema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutana">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEDEEAE9B12CFFC8FCBDC44FFC56FDAA" box="[876,1015,514,539]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">E. minutana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BAA4D78B12CFFC8FB89C44FFB49FDAA" authorityName=": Heinrich" authorityYear="1923" box="[1112,1256,514,539]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Epiblema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strenuana">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEDEEAE9B12CFFC8FB89C44FFB49FDAA" box="[1112,1256,514,539]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">E. strenuana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(AR = 3.19 vs. 2.80). The interfascial spot is often present as a paler shade of gray (
|
||
<figureCitation id="44912A7EB12CFFC8FC47C468FBA3FD8E" box="[918,1026,548,575]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–16" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1904,1929]" captionTargetBox="[180,1405,260,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[180,1406,260,1879]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 2–16. Adults. 2–9, E. minutana (2, New Jersey, lectotype; 3, Mississippi, DJW8714; 4, California, DJW8655; 5, Kentucky, TONAB101-09; 6, Ohio, USNM152255; 7, Ohio, DJW8712; 8, Florida, DJW8739; 9, California, DJW8666). 10–16, E. strenuana (10, North America, lectotype; 11, Alabama, DJW8703; 12, Texas, DJW8667; 13, Ohio, USNM152288; 14, Alabama, DJW8704; 15, New Mexico, USNM152289; 16, California, DJW8683)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3632787" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3632787/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">Figs. 5–8</figureCitation>
|
||
), but in some individuals it is barely discernable (
|
||
<figureCitation id="44912A7EB12CFFC8FEF7C404FE35FDD2" box="[294,404,585,611]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–16" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1904,1929]" captionTargetBox="[180,1405,260,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[180,1406,260,1879]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 2–16. Adults. 2–9, E. minutana (2, New Jersey, lectotype; 3, Mississippi, DJW8714; 4, California, DJW8655; 5, Kentucky, TONAB101-09; 6, Ohio, USNM152255; 7, Ohio, DJW8712; 8, Florida, DJW8739; 9, California, DJW8666). 10–16, E. strenuana (10, North America, lectotype; 11, Alabama, DJW8703; 12, Texas, DJW8667; 13, Ohio, USNM152288; 14, Alabama, DJW8704; 15, New Mexico, USNM152289; 16, California, DJW8683)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3632787" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3632787/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">Figs. 2–4</figureCitation>
|
||
). The ocellus resembles that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BAA4D78B12CFFC8FD28C407FC26FDD2" authorityName=": Heinrich" authorityYear="1923" box="[761,903,586,611]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Epiblema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strenuana">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEDEEAE9B12CFFC8FD28C407FC26FDD2" box="[761,903,586,611]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">E. strenuana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the white costal strigulae are usually more prominent than in the latter species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DC1536FBB12CFFC8FF16C4DCFED3FCEE" blockId="9.[151,1437,153,1475]" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BAA4D78B12CFFC8FF16C4DCFE04FD1A" authorityName=": Blanchard" authorityYear="1979" box="[199,421,657,683]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Epiblema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutana">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEDEEAE9B12CFFC8FF16C4DCFE04FD1A" box="[199,421,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">Epiblema minutana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BAA4D78B12CFFC8FDEEC4DFFD6EFD1A" authorityName=": Heinrich" authorityYear="1923" box="[575,719,658,683]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Epiblema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strenuana">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEDEEAE9B12CFFC8FDEEC4DFFD6EFD1A" box="[575,719,658,683]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">E. strenuana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in genitalia but differs from the latter species in the following respects: the socii (
|
||
<figureCitation id="44912A7EB12CFFC8FEA5C4F8FE5CFD7E" box="[372,509,693,719]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–26" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1892,1917]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,181,1867]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[155,1432,181,1867]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 17–26. Genitalia. 17–18, E. minutana (17, Ohio, TMG782; 18, Ohio, USNM152256). 19, E. strenuana (Iowa, USNM152286). 20–23, E. minutana (20, Kentucky, TMG781; 21, New Mexico, USNM152260; 22, Kansas, USNM152258; 23, Israel, TMG784). 24–26, E. strenuana (24, TMG778; 25, Kansas, USNM152287; 26, Ohio, USNM152288)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3632789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3632789/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">Figs. 17–18</figureCitation>
|
||
) are shorter and sometimes triangular (tapering from a broad base to a narrowly rounded apex vs. consistently fingerlike with parallel lateral margins), and the sterigma (
|
||
<figureCitation id="44912A7EB12CFFC8FB54C494FAACFD42" box="[1157,1293,729,755]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–26" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1892,1917]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,181,1867]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[155,1432,181,1867]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 17–26. Genitalia. 17–18, E. minutana (17, Ohio, TMG782; 18, Ohio, USNM152256). 19, E. strenuana (Iowa, USNM152286). 20–23, E. minutana (20, Kentucky, TMG781; 21, New Mexico, USNM152260; 22, Kansas, USNM152258; 23, Israel, TMG784). 24–26, E. strenuana (24, TMG778; 25, Kansas, USNM152287; 26, Ohio, USNM152288)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3632789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3632789/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">Figs. 20–23</figureCitation>
|
||
) is ovate instead of rectangular, with length-ostium diameter = 1.56 vs. 1.95. Shape of the socii can vary and appear similar to those in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BAA4D78B12CFFC8FF26C56FFE27FC8A" authorityName=": Heinrich" authorityYear="1923" box="[247,390,802,827]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Epiblema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strenuana">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEDEEAE9B12CFFC8FF26C56FFE27FC8A" box="[247,390,802,827]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">E. strenuana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Genitalic characters should be used in combination with wing coloration to make a specieslevel identification.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="94B06570B12CFFC8FF16C524FD8BFA72" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="DC1536FBB12CFFC8FF16C524FD8BFA72" blockId="9.[151,1437,153,1475]" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEDEEAE9B12CFFC8FF16C524FE95FC32" bold="true" box="[199,308,873,899]" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. The typical phenotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BAA4D78B12CFFC8FDB1C527FD48FC32" authorityName=": Blanchard" authorityYear="1979" box="[608,745,874,899]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Epiblema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutana">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEDEEAE9B12CFFC8FDB1C527FD48FC32" box="[608,745,874,899]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">E. minutana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="44912A7EB12CFFC8FD26C524FCC3FC32" box="[759,866,873,899]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–16" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1904,1929]" captionTargetBox="[180,1405,260,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[180,1406,260,1879]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 2–16. Adults. 2–9, E. minutana (2, New Jersey, lectotype; 3, Mississippi, DJW8714; 4, California, DJW8655; 5, Kentucky, TONAB101-09; 6, Ohio, USNM152255; 7, Ohio, DJW8712; 8, Florida, DJW8739; 9, California, DJW8666). 10–16, E. strenuana (10, North America, lectotype; 11, Alabama, DJW8703; 12, Texas, DJW8667; 13, Ohio, USNM152288; 14, Alabama, DJW8704; 15, New Mexico, USNM152289; 16, California, DJW8683)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3632787" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3632787/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">Figs. 2–8</figureCitation>
|
||
) is broadly distributed in eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A4BD766BB12CFFC8FB06C524FACCFC32" box="[1239,1389,873,899]" name="United States of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
and is also found in central
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1E6EF819B12CFFC8FE71C5C0FDB4FC16" box="[416,533,909,935]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
. In the East, the larval host is presumed to be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BAA4D78B12CFFC8FBCDC5C0FA80FC16" box="[1052,1313,909,935]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Ambrosia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="artimisiifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEDEEAE9B12CFFC8FBCDC5C0FA80FC16" box="[1052,1313,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">Ambrosia artimisiifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (annual ragweed), but the adult determinations in literature reports of reared specimens need to be checked for accuracy visà-vis
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BAA4D78B12CFFC8FF04C59BFEC2FC5E" authorityName=": Heinrich" authorityYear="1923" box="[213,355,982,1007]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Epiblema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strenuana">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEDEEAE9B12CFFC8FF04C59BFEC2FC5E" box="[213,355,982,1007]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">E. strenuana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BAA4D78B12CFFC8FEA1C598FDECFC5E" authorityName=": Blanchard" authorityYear="1979" box="[368,589,981,1007]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Epiblema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutana">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEDEEAE9B12CFFC8FEA1C598FDECFC5E" box="[368,589,981,1007]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">Epiblema minutana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been reared in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A4BD766BB12CFFC8FCF4C598FCDAFC5E" box="[805,891,981,1007]" name="Mexico" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
from field-collected larvae from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BAA4D78B12CFFC8FB21C598FEE5FBA2" authority="(McClay 1987)" baseAuthorityName="McClay" baseAuthorityYear="1987" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Ambrosia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confertiflora">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEDEEAE9B12CFFC8FB21C598FA3CFC5E" box="[1264,1437,981,1007]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">A. confertiflora</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B83B4B0AB12CFFC8FF4EC5B4FE9AFBA2" author="McClay, A. S." box="[159,315,1017,1043]" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" pagination="23 - 34" refId="ref8390" refString="McClay, A. S. (1987) Observations on the biology and host specificity of Epiblema strenuana [Lepidoptera, Tortricidae], a potential biocontrol agent for Parthenium hysterophorus [Compositae]. Entomophaga, 32, 23 - 34. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02390928" type="journal article" year="1987">McClay 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and in Contra Costa County, California, by J. A. Powell from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BAA4D78B12CFFC8FBD4C5B4FAA4FBA2" box="[1029,1285,1017,1043]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Ambrosia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="psilostachya">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEDEEAE9B12CFFC8FBD4C5B4FAA4FBA2" box="[1029,1285,1017,1043]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">Ambrosia psilostachya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
DC. (Cuman ragweed), a plant with a transcontinental distribution. The EME has numerous specimens from California with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BAA4D78B12CFFC8FF46C20FFEA0FBEA" authorityName=": Blanchard" authorityYear="1979" box="[151,257,1090,1115]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Epiblema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutana">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEDEEAE9B12CFFC8FF46C20FFEA0FBEA" box="[151,257,1090,1115]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">minutana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-like genitalia and pale gray forewings (
|
||
<figureCitation id="44912A7EB12CFFC8FD6CC20CFCA0FBEA" box="[701,769,1089,1115]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–16" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1904,1929]" captionTargetBox="[180,1405,260,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[180,1406,260,1879]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 2–16. Adults. 2–9, E. minutana (2, New Jersey, lectotype; 3, Mississippi, DJW8714; 4, California, DJW8655; 5, Kentucky, TONAB101-09; 6, Ohio, USNM152255; 7, Ohio, DJW8712; 8, Florida, DJW8739; 9, California, DJW8666). 10–16, E. strenuana (10, North America, lectotype; 11, Alabama, DJW8703; 12, Texas, DJW8667; 13, Ohio, USNM152288; 14, Alabama, DJW8704; 15, New Mexico, USNM152289; 16, California, DJW8683)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3632787" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3632787/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). They are somewhat larger than typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BAA4D78B12CFFC8FB16C20FFAF1FBEA" authorityName=": Blanchard" authorityYear="1979" box="[1223,1360,1090,1115]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Epiblema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutana">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEDEEAE9B12CFFC8FB16C20FFAF1FBEA" box="[1223,1360,1090,1115]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">E. minutana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(mean FWL = 6.9 vs. 6.0 mm) but are nearly identical in forewing geometry (AR = 3.18 vs. 3.19). This phenotype has been reared from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BAA4D78B12CFFC8FEF1C2C4FE6AFB12" box="[288,459,1161,1187]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Ambrosia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="psilostachya">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEDEEAE9B12CFFC8FEF1C2C4FE6AFB12" box="[288,459,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">A. psilostachya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BAA4D78B12CFFC8FDEDC2C4FC43FB12" authority="(Less.) Greene" authorityName="Greene" authorityYear="1894" baseAuthorityName="Less." box="[572,994,1161,1187]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Ambrosia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chamissonis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEDEEAE9B12CFFC8FDEDC2C4FC99FB12" box="[572,824,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">Ambrosia chamissonis</emphasis>
|
||
(Less.) Greene
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(silver bur ragweed) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B83B4B0AB12CFFC8FB09C2C4FF75FB76" author="Powell, J. A. & Opler, P. A." pageId="9" pageNumber="356" refId="ref8803" refString="Powell, J. A. & Opler, P. A. (2009) Moths of Western North America. University of California Press. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London, 369 pp." type="book" year="2009">Powell and Opler 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The range of the latter plant extends along the Pacific coast from southern California to Alaska.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B83B4B0AB12CFFC8FACEC2E0FE8BFB5A" author="Powell, J. A. & Opler, P. A." pageId="9" pageNumber="356" refId="ref8803" refString="Powell, J. A. & Opler, P. A. (2009) Moths of Western North America. University of California Press. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London, 369 pp." type="book" year="2009">Powell and Opler (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported larvae causing deformities at nodes of lateral decumbent stems but not forming stem galls. Similar specimens are represented in the phylogenetic tree (
|
||
<figureCitation id="44912A7EB12CFFC8FCE2C2B8FCD2FABE" box="[819,883,1269,1295]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1932,1957]" captionTargetBox="[240,1348,240,1892]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[228,1360,234,1904]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Maximum likelihood tree of DNA barcode data analyzed using the GTR + gamma nucleotide substitution model." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3632785" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3632785/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
) from San Diego County, California. These cluster with typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BAA4D78B12CFFC8FE9BC357FE75FA82" authorityName=": Blanchard" authorityYear="1979" box="[330,468,1306,1331]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Epiblema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutana">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEDEEAE9B12CFFC8FE9BC357FE75FA82" box="[330,468,1306,1331]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">E. minutana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but show some minor consistent differences in the sequences that could indicate they are a separate taxon. We can find no morphological differences in these California specimens, thus we tentatively refer them to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BAA4D78B12CFFC8FEFDC32FFE15FACA" authorityName=": Blanchard" authorityYear="1979" box="[300,436,1378,1403]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Epiblema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutana">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEDEEAE9B12CFFC8FEFDC32FFE15FACA" box="[300,436,1378,1403]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">E. minutana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
until a more comprehensive DNA analysis can be performed. We can confirm they are not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BAA4D78B12CFFC8FF46C3CBFE84FA2E" authorityName=": Heinrich" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,293,1414,1439]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Epiblema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strenuana">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEDEEAE9B12CFFC8FF46C3CBFE84FA2E" box="[151,293,1414,1439]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">E. strenuana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is also present in California, and we have examined typical specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BAA4D78B12CFFC8FB7BC3CBFA96FA2E" authorityName=": Heinrich" authorityYear="1923" box="[1194,1335,1414,1439]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Epiblema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="356" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strenuana">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEDEEAE9B12CFFC8FB7BC3CBFA96FA2E" box="[1194,1335,1414,1439]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="356">E. strenuana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the same location in San Diego County.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |