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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.14.2520" ID-PMC="PMC3492924" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-14-23" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFD6B463B03FBB5EFFD4FFC3FFC1FFC4" ID-PubMed="23170071" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576131" ModsDocID="1314-2003-14-23" checkinTime="1451252000297" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Robinson, Harold &amp; Funk, Vicki A." docDate="2012" docId="53B3312011D1554787526D027B62E3A9" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 14: 23-41" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 14" docPubDate="2012-07-30" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.14.2520" docTitle="Cuatrecasanthus H. Rob., Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 17 (65): 209 1989" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="FFD6B463B03FBB5EFFD4FFC3FFC1FFC4" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="FFD6B463B03FBB5EFFD4FFC3FFC1FFC4" masterDocTitle="Cuatrecasanthus (Vernonieae, Compositae): A revision of a north-central Andean genus" masterLastPageNumber="41" masterPageNumber="23" pageNumber="24" updateTime="1668139705674" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Cuatrecasanthus (Vernonieae, Compositae): A revision of a north-central Andean genus</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Robinson, Harold</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, MRC 166, National Museum of Natural History, P. O. Box 37012, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. 20013 - 7012</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">robinsoh@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Funk, Vicki A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, MRC 166, National Museum of Natural History, P. O. Box 37012, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. 20013 - 7012</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2012-07-30</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>14</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>23</mods:start>
<mods:end>41</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.14.2520</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.14.2520</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-14-23</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFD6B463B03FBB5EFFD4FFC3FFC1FFC4</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576131</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182229321" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:53B3312011D1554787526D027B62E3A9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/53B3312011D1554787526D027B62E3A9" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName LSID="53B33120-11D1-5547-8752-6D027B62E3A9" authority="H. Rob., Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 17 (65): 209 (1989)." authorityName="H. Rob., Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 17 (65): 209" authorityYear="1989" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cuatrecasanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cuatrecasanthus" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cuatrecasanthus H. Rob., Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 17(65): 209 (1989).</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="24" type="type species">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="24">Type species:</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName authorityName="H. Rob &amp; B. Kahn" authorityYear="1985" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Vernonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sandemanii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">Vernonia sandemanii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
H. Rob. &amp; B. Kahn (=
<taxonomicName authorityName="H. Rob., Revista Colomb. Ci. Exact. 17 (65): 210" authorityYear="1989" baseAuthorityName="H. Rob. &amp; B. Kahn" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cuatrecasanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandemanii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">Cuatrecasanthus sandemanii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(H. Rob. &amp; B. Kahn)H. Rob.)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="1" pageNumber="24" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="24">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">Erect branching shrubs, scrambling shrubs or trees</emphasis>
(rarely vines) to 3.5 m tall;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">stems</emphasis>
terete, striate, minutely pilose (pilosulous) with evanescent simple hairs or thinly tomentose;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">pith</emphasis>
solid.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">Leaves</emphasis>
alternate, petiolate;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">blades</emphasis>
elliptical or lanceolate, base narrowly cuneate to attenuate, subchartaceous, margins entire to remotely subserrulate, narrowly recurved, apex usually sharply acuminate, adaxial surfaces pilosulous with simple non-septate, thick-walled trichomes, with numerous glandular dots, abaxial surfaces covered with thin whitish tomentum of prostrate myceliiform minutely branching trichomes;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">secondary veins</emphasis>
4-9 on each side of midvein, ascending basally at 45-60° angles.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="24">Inflorescence</emphasis>
terminal on leafy stems, rounded corymbiform, branching alternate, with large foliaceous bracts only at lower primary nodes.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="25" start="start">Heads</pageBreakToken>
</emphasis>
clustered and sessile in glomerules at ends of short branchlets (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Cuatrecasanthus kingii: A Habit B Detail of adaxial surface of leaf C Cluster of heads D Single head containing one floret E Floret showing corolla lobes divided to base of limb, with thickened margins F Style G Achene with 8 - 10 ribs." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10124" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Figs 7C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Cuatecasanthus lanceolatus: A Habit B Cluster of heads C Single head containing one floret D Floret showing corolla lobes divided to base of limb, with thickened margins and apical pubescence E Style F Achene with 8 - 10 ribs." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10126" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">9B</figureCitation>
), individual heads cylindrical;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">involucral bracts</emphasis>
ca. 15 in 5-6 gradate series (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Cuatrecasanthus kingii: A Habit B Detail of adaxial surface of leaf C Cluster of heads D Single head containing one floret E Floret showing corolla lobes divided to base of limb, with thickened margins F Style G Achene with 8 - 10 ribs." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10124" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Figs 7D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Cuatecasanthus lanceolatus: A Habit B Cluster of heads C Single head containing one floret D Floret showing corolla lobes divided to base of limb, with thickened margins and apical pubescence E Style F Achene with 8 - 10 ribs." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10126" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">9C</figureCitation>
), inner bracts easily deciduous, outer bracts persistent;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">receptacle</emphasis>
glabrous.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Florets</emphasis>
one per head;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">corollas</emphasis>
lavender, outside minutely gland-dotted, distally sometimes pilosulous, basal tube narrow, ca. 2.5-4.0 mm long, throat lacking, lobes 5, linear, separated to base of limb, with somewhat thickened margins, not or scarcely distorted on drying (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Cuatrecasanthus kingii: A Habit B Detail of adaxial surface of leaf C Cluster of heads D Single head containing one floret E Floret showing corolla lobes divided to base of limb, with thickened margins F Style G Achene with 8 - 10 ribs." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10124" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Figs 7E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Cuatecasanthus lanceolatus: A Habit B Cluster of heads C Single head containing one floret D Floret showing corolla lobes divided to base of limb, with thickened margins and apical pubescence E Style F Achene with 8 - 10 ribs." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10126" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">9D</figureCitation>
);
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">anther</emphasis>
thecae purple, with short papillose-fimbriate basal appendage, apical appendage ovate-oblong, ca. 0.5 mm long, glabrous;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">style</emphasis>
base with stopper-shaped node, with thick-walled cells, sweeping hairs non-septate, obtuse to short-acute.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Achenes</emphasis>
prismatic, 10-costate (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Cuatrecasanthus kingii: A Habit B Detail of adaxial surface of leaf C Cluster of heads D Single head containing one floret E Floret showing corolla lobes divided to base of limb, with thickened margins F Style G Achene with 8 - 10 ribs." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10124" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Figs 7G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Cuatecasanthus lanceolatus: A Habit B Cluster of heads C Single head containing one floret D Floret showing corolla lobes divided to base of limb, with thickened margins and apical pubescence E Style F Achene with 8 - 10 ribs." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10126" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">9F</figureCitation>
), surface sometimes fleshy, with numerous glandular dots, with few or no eglandular trichomes, with minute short-oblong raphids, base with broad annuliform carpopodium;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">pappus</emphasis>
straw-colored, of 45-65 crowded rather persistent capillary bristles, about as long as corolla, barbellate, mostly some somewhat broadened and flattened distally, a few outer shorter bristles rather indistinct.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Pollen</emphasis>
ca. 40-45
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
in diam., spinulose, sublophate, tricolporate, with continuous perforated tectum between colpi.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
In addition to the diagnostic generic characteristics are features of special interest such as the marginal teeth of the leaves that are incurved and appressed against the abaxial surface in all but one species (
<taxonomicName authorityName="H. Rob. &amp; V. A. Funk" authorityYear="2012" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cuatrecasanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanceolatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Cuatrecasanthus lanceolatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Cuatrecasanthus leaves: A Cuatrecasanthus lanceolatus showing projecting marginal tooth B Cuatrecasanthus kingii showing incurved tooth C Myceliform hairs on abaxial surface of leaf of Cuatrecasanthus giannasii." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10118" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Fig. 1A-B</figureCitation>
) and the finely branching myceliiform hairs on the abaxial surface of the leaves in all the species (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Cuatrecasanthus leaves: A Cuatrecasanthus lanceolatus showing projecting marginal tooth B Cuatrecasanthus kingii showing incurved tooth C Myceliform hairs on abaxial surface of leaf of Cuatrecasanthus giannasii." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10118" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
). In addition, there is variation on the leaf surfaces. The surfaces of the leaves have veins that can be exsculpate (above the surface), insculpate (below the surface), or even with the adaxial leaf surface (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Cuatrecasanthus leaf surfaces: A-B Cuatrecasanthus flexipappus. A Adaxial surface B Abaxial surface C-D Cuatrecasanthus giannasii C Adaxial surface, showing deeply insculpate veins D Abaxial surface." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10119" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Figs 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Cuatrecasanthus leaf surfaces: A-B Cuatrecasanthus lanceolatus. A Adaxial surface B Abaxial surface C-D Cuatrecasanthus sandemanii C Adaxial surface D Abaxial surface." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10121" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">-4</figureCitation>
). All but one of the species have veins on the adaxial surface that are even with the surface or slightly insculpate; one species has veins that are deeply insculpate (
<taxonomicName authorityName="H. Rob. &amp; V. A. Funk" authorityYear="2012" baseAuthorityName="H. Rob. &amp; V. A. Funk" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cuatrecasanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="giannasii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Cuatrecasanthus giannasii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and all six species have veins that are exculpate on the abaxial surface. The style branches are reported on one herbarium label as pale pink almost white; there are no additional data on the color of the styles.
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10118" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="H. Rob., Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 17 (65): 209" authorityYear="1989" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cuatrecasanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Cuatrecasanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
leaves:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="H. Rob. &amp; V. A. Funk" authorityYear="2012" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cuatrecasanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanceolatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Cuatrecasanthus lanceolatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
showing projecting marginal tooth
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="H. Rob. &amp; V. A. Funk" authorityYear="2012" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cuatrecasanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kingii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Cuatrecasanthus kingii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
showing incurved tooth
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">C</emphasis>
Myceliform hairs on abaxial surface of leaf of
<taxonomicName authorityName="H. Rob. &amp; V. A. Funk" authorityYear="2012" baseAuthorityName="H. Rob. &amp; V. A. Funk" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cuatrecasanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="giannasii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Cuatrecasanthus giannasii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10119" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="H. Rob., Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 17 (65): 209" authorityYear="1989" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cuatrecasanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Cuatrecasanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
leaf surfaces:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">A-B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cuatrecasanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexipappus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Cuatrecasanthus flexipappus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">A</emphasis>
Adaxial surface
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">B</emphasis>
Abaxial surface
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">C-D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="H. Rob. &amp; V. A. Funk" authorityYear="2012" baseAuthorityName="H. Rob. &amp; V. A. Funk" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cuatrecasanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="giannasii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Cuatrecasanthus giannasii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">C</emphasis>
Adaxial surface, showing deeply insculpate veins
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">D</emphasis>
Abaxial surface.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10120" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Figure 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="H. Rob., Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 17 (65): 209" authorityYear="1989" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cuatrecasanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Cuatrecasanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
leaf surfaces:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">A-B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="H. Rob" authorityYear="1989" baseAuthorityName="Hieron." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cuatrecasanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jelskii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Cuatrecasanthus jelskii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">A</emphasis>
Adaxial surface
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">B</emphasis>
Abaxial surface
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">C-D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="H. Rob. &amp; V. A. Funk" authorityYear="2012" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cuatrecasanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kingii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Cuatrecasanthus kingii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. showing veins even with surface
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">D</emphasis>
Abaxial surface.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10121" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="H. Rob., Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 17 (65): 209" authorityYear="1989" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cuatrecasanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Cuatrecasanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
leaf surfaces:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">A-B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="H. Rob. &amp; V. A. Funk" authorityYear="2012" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cuatrecasanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanceolatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Cuatrecasanthus lanceolatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">A</emphasis>
Adaxial surface
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">B</emphasis>
Abaxial surface
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">C-D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="H. Rob., Revista Colomb. Ci. Exact. 17 (65): 210" authorityYear="1989" baseAuthorityName="H. Rob. &amp; B. Kahn" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cuatrecasanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandemanii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Cuatrecasanthus sandemanii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">C</emphasis>
Adaxial surface
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">D</emphasis>
Abaxial surface.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="25">The genus occurs in Ecuador and Peru. The six known species can be distinguished using the following key:</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
<table inLine="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">Leaf margins with numerous obvious antrorse teeth not strongly incurved against abaxial surface (may vary in prominence); leaf tips narrowly acute, not abruptly short-acuminate</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">
5.
<taxonomicName authorityName="H. Rob. &amp; V. A. Funk" authorityYear="2012" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cuatrecasanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanceolatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Cuatrecasanthus lanceolatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">Leaf margins entire or with obscure inturned teeth; leaf tips usually abruptly short-acuminate</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">2</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">Inflorescence with loose clusters of heads, distinctly exceeding the upper leaves</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">3</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">Inflorescence with dense clusters of heads, not or scarcely exceeding the upper leaves, with interspersed foliiform bracts</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">4</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">Leaf blade broadly elliptical or ovate-elliptical; adaxial surface hispidulous with midvein prominently exculpate and otherwise plane</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">
4.
<taxonomicName authorityName="H. Rob. &amp; V. A. Funk" authorityYear="2012" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cuatrecasanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kingii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Cuatrecasanthus kingii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">Leaf blade lanceolate-elliptical; adaxial surface sparsely covered with appressed minute tricihomes with at least the midvein insculpate</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">
6.
<taxonomicName authorityName="H. Rob., Revista Colomb. Ci. Exact. 17 (65): 210" authorityYear="1989" baseAuthorityName="H. Rob. &amp; B. Kahn" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cuatrecasanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandemanii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Cuatrecasanthus sandemanii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">4</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">Adaxial surface of leaf with all veins distinctly insculpate; adaxial surface with few short trichomes, veins and trichomes all whitish; distal leaf margins with incurved teeth pressed against abaxial leaf surface; tips of pappus bristles distinctly broadened</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">
2.
<taxonomicName authorityName="H. Rob. &amp; V. A. Funk" authorityYear="2012" baseAuthorityName="H. Rob. &amp; V. A. Funk" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cuatrecasanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="giannasii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Cuatrecasanthus giannasii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">Adaxial surface of leaf with major veins not obviously insculpate, secondary and tertiary veins insculpate; adaxial surface with many prominent stiff trichomes, midvein and trichomes dark brown or yellow; leaf margins with few inturned teeth; tips of pappus bristles not or scarcely broadened</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">5</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">5</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">Abaxial surface of midvein of leaf with dense antrorse pubescence mostly on sides; abaxial surface of lamina covered with mostly appressed, stiff, usually brownish trichomes</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">
1.
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cuatrecasanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexipappus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Cuatrecasanthus flexipappus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">Abaxial surface of midvein of leaf densely hirsute with spreading hairs; abaxial surface of lamina with erect yellowish trichomes</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" rowspan="1">
3.
<taxonomicName authorityName="H. Rob" authorityYear="1989" baseAuthorityName="Hieron." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cuatrecasanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jelskii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Cuatrecasanthus jelskii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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