726 lines
107 KiB
XML
726 lines
107 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="24665EBE9B1D4B9C11C1D063444C76C3">Revision of the Madagascan genera Oncodopus Brongniart and Colossopus Saussure (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae; Euconchophorini), with description of Malagasopus gen. nov.</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="1C964D51FF9D733426E2FEE8FDFFC91E" ID-CoL="5ZMHL" authority="Saussure, 1899" authorityName=": Saussure" authorityYear="1899" box="[151,623,295,322]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Colossopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandidieri">
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<bibRefCitation id="BF074B23FF9D733427C0FEE7FDFFC91E" author="Saussure, H." box="[437,623,296,322]" journalOrPublisher="in Wissenschaftliche ergebnisse der reisen in Madagascar und Ostafrika in den jahren 1889 - 95 von Dr. A. Voeltzkow. Abhandlungen herausgegeben von der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft" pageId="22" pageNumber="215" pagination="567 - 664" part="21" refString="Saussure, H. (1899) Orthoptera, in Wissenschaftliche ergebnisse der reisen in Madagascar und Ostafrika in den jahren 1889 - 95 von Dr. A. Voeltzkow. Abhandlungen herausgegeben von der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 21, 567 - 664." title="Orthoptera" type="journal article" year="1899">Saussure, 1899</bibRefCitation>
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(
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,
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<figureCitation id="43AD2A57FF9D73342763FE85FECFC93F" box="[278,351,330,355]" captionStart="FIGURES 76 – 86" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1916,1938]" captionTargetBox="[191,1413,197,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[171,1414,193,1903]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 76 – 86. Colossopus grandidieri. Male: 76 forelegs, head and pronotum, dorsal view, 77 head and pronotum, lateral view, 78 habitus, dorso-lateral view, 79 prothoracic auditory spiracle and mesothoracic auricle, 80 last abdominal tergite, 81 cercus, 82 subgenital plate. Female: 83 forelegs, head and pronotum, dorsal view, 84 head and pronotum, lateral view, 85 habitus, dorso-lateral view, 86 subgenital plate. Scale bars 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1039542/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="215">76–86</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="43AD2A57FF9D7334271FFE84FE04C93F" box="[362,404,331,355]" captionStart="FIGURES 109 – 111" captionStartId="30.[151,264,1176,1198]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,225,1132]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,224,1135]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 109 – 111. Maps. 109 map of Madagascar, 110 distributions of Oncodopus spp., 111 distributions of Malagasopus spp. and Colossopus spp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1039548/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="215">111</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="43AD2A57FF9D733427D5FE84FD92C93F" box="[416,514,331,355]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 112 – 119" captionStart-1="FIGURES 120 – 129" captionStartId-0="31.[151,264,1761,1783]" captionStartId-1="32.[151,264,1742,1764]" captionTargetBox-0="[182,1406,193,1744]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,213,1703]" captionTargetId-0="figure@31.[182,1406,193,1744]" captionTargetId-1="figure@32.[151,1436,213,1704]" captionTargetPageId-0="31" captionTargetPageId-1="32" captionText-0="FIGURES 112 – 119. Living specimens. 112 Oncodopus zonatus, adult male, natural resting posture, Zombitse – Vohibasia National Park, Toliara Province. 17.11. 2004. © G. W. Beccaloni, 113 Oncodopus janetae, adult female, Mangatsiaka parcel, Andohahela National Park, Toliara Province. 30.11. 2004. © S. Stammers, 114 Oncodopus brongniarti, adult female, near village of Mangily, Toliara Province. 11.11. 2004. © G. W. Beccaloni, 115 Oncodopus brongniarti, threat display of adult female, near village of Mangily, Toliara Province. 30.12. 2015. © M. Bader, 116 Oncodopus brongniarti, adult pair, natural resting postures, Belo Sur Mer, Toliara Province. 22.11. 2007. © J. Beccaloni, 117 Oncodopus saussurei, adult female, beside R. N. 7 south of Ambohimahasoa, Fianarantsoa Province. 13.11. 2004. © S. Stammers, 118 Malagasopus desutterae, male nymph, 80 km north of Tulear, near village of Ankililoaka, Toliara Province. 6.2008 © O. Pronk, 119 Colossopus grandidieri, eggs: newly laid eggs lower right; older (swollen) eggs upper left. Captive stock. © G. J. N. González." captionText-1="FIGURES 120 – 129. Living specimens. 120 Colossopus grandidieri, older (swollen) egg. Captive stock. © G. J. N. González, 121 Colossopus grandidieri, recently hatched 1 st instar nymph. Captive stock. © G. J. N. González, 122 Colossopus grandidieri, late instar male nymph. Captive stock. © G. J. N. González, 123 Colossopus grandidieri, final instar female nymph. Captive stock. © G. J. N. González, 124 Colossopus grandidieri, adult female. Captive stock. © G. J. N. González, 125 Colossopus grandidieri, threat display of adult female, near village of Mangily, Toliara Province. 15.3. 2015. © M. Bader, 126 Colossopus grandidieri, adult male, near village of Mangily, Toliara Province. 19.11. 2004. © G. W. Beccaloni, 127 frontal view of head of the previous individual. © G. W. Beccaloni, 128 Colossopus redtenbacheri, adult female, Berenty Private Reserve, Toliara Province, 4.12. 2004. © G. W. Beccaloni, 129 Spiny forest near village of Mangily, Toliara Province in November 2004, close to where the second author collected Colossopus grandidieri and Oncodopus brongniarti. © G. W. Beccaloni." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1039550/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1039552/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="215">119–127</figureCitation>
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http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid:
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Kirby
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Karny
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: 39
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; Otte
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<date id="AF281012FF9D73342278FE79FBD3C990" box="[1037,1091,438,460]" pageId="22" pageNumber="215" value="1997">1997</date>
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: 27;
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<bibRefCitation id="BF074B23FF9D7334220DFE79FAE0C990" author="Unal, M. & Beccaloni, G. W." box="[1144,1392,438,460]" journalOrPublisher="Phasmid Studies" pageId="22" pageNumber="215" pagination="34 - 35" part="17" refString="Unal, M. & Beccaloni, G. W. (2008) Lectotype designation for the type species of Colossopus, C. grandidieri Saussure, 1899 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae). Phasmid Studies, 17 (1), 34 - 35." title="Lectotype designation for the type species of Colossopus, C. grandidieri Saussure, 1899 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae)" type="journal article" year="2008">
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Ünal & Beccaloni
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<date id="AF281012FF9D7334234FFE79FAE0C990" box="[1338,1392,438,460]" pageId="22" pageNumber="215" value="2008">2008</date>
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Hollier & Heads
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: 310
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.
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<typeStatus id="042D8870FF9D733426E2FDD8FF42CA6C" box="[151,210,535,560]" pageId="22" pageNumber="215">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A3817642FF9D73342749FDD8FE56CA6C" box="[316,454,535,560]" name="Madagascar" pageId="22" pageNumber="215">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E2EAC0FF9D733427A5FDD8FDD6CA6C" bold="true" box="[464,582,535,560]" pageId="22" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<typeStatus id="042D8870FF9D733427A5FDD8FDD6CA6C" box="[464,582,535,560]" pageId="22" pageNumber="215" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
male (
|
||
<collectionCode id="BD87AE17FF9D733424E7FDD7FD7ECA6C" box="[658,750,536,560]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="22" pageNumber="215">MHNG</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="938C6559FF9D733426B2FDF3FB8ECED1" pageId="22" pageNumber="215" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="DB2936D2FF9D733426B2FDF3FE55CCE4" blockId="22.[151,1437,535,2037]" pageId="22" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E2EAC0FF9D733426B2FDF3FEE4CA09" bold="true" box="[199,372,572,597]" pageId="22" pageNumber="215">Redescription.</emphasis>
|
||
Male: Body size large (
|
||
<tableCitation id="96140369FF9D733424FDFDF3FD44CA08" box="[648,724,572,597]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="29.[151,239,1445,1468]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,1496,1980]" captionText="TABLE 4. Measurements (mm) of the body parts of Colossopus spp. M male, F female." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/8FE9665AFF96733F26E2FA6AFBD5CDE0" pageId="22" pageNumber="215" tableUuid="8FE9665AFF96733F26E2FA6AFBD5CDE0">Tab. 4</tableCitation>
|
||
). Fastigium of vertex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="43AD2A57FF9D733425ACFDF3FBB9CA08" box="[985,1065,572,597]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1902,1924]" captionTargetBox="[190,1390,209,1856]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[176,1420,195,1876]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9. Fastigium of vertex from above. 1 Oncodopus zonatus, 2 Malagasopus desutterae, 3 Colossopus grandidieri. Figs. 4 – 6. apical half of left fore femur, inner view. 4 Oncodopus zonatus, 5 Malagasopus desutterae, 6 Colossopus redtenbacheri. Figs. 7 – 9. apical part of left hind tibia from above. 7 Oncodopus zonatus, 8 Malagasopus desutterae, 9 Colossopus grandidieri. Scale bars 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1039526/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="215">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="43AD2A57FF9D7334224DFDF3FBC5CA09" box="[1080,1109,572,597]" captionStart="FIGURES 76 – 86" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1916,1938]" captionTargetBox="[191,1413,197,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[171,1414,193,1903]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 76 – 86. Colossopus grandidieri. Male: 76 forelegs, head and pronotum, dorsal view, 77 head and pronotum, lateral view, 78 habitus, dorso-lateral view, 79 prothoracic auditory spiracle and mesothoracic auricle, 80 last abdominal tergite, 81 cercus, 82 subgenital plate. Female: 83 forelegs, head and pronotum, dorsal view, 84 head and pronotum, lateral view, 85 habitus, dorso-lateral view, 86 subgenital plate. Scale bars 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1039542/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="215">76</figureCitation>
|
||
) forming a long horn with 3 arms, upper 2 arms short and equal, lower one long, placed between the upper arms, slightly downcurved; its basal part 1.7 times narrower than diameter of eye and 1.1 times wider than antennal scape. Fastigium of frons (
|
||
<figureCitation id="43AD2A57FF9D73342337FD4BFA04CAC0" box="[1346,1428,644,669]" captionStart="FIGURES 76 – 86" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1916,1938]" captionTargetBox="[191,1413,197,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[171,1414,193,1903]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 76 – 86. Colossopus grandidieri. Male: 76 forelegs, head and pronotum, dorsal view, 77 head and pronotum, lateral view, 78 habitus, dorso-lateral view, 79 prothoracic auditory spiracle and mesothoracic auricle, 80 last abdominal tergite, 81 cercus, 82 subgenital plate. Female: 83 forelegs, head and pronotum, dorsal view, 84 head and pronotum, lateral view, 85 habitus, dorso-lateral view, 86 subgenital plate. Scale bars 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1039542/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="215">Fig. 77</figureCitation>
|
||
) with a simple, spiniform tooth. Face strongly flattened with distinct irregular tubercles. Pronotum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="43AD2A57FF9D7334237CFD68FA04CA9C" box="[1289,1428,679,704]" captionStart="FIGURES 76 – 86" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1916,1938]" captionTargetBox="[191,1413,197,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[171,1414,193,1903]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 76 – 86. Colossopus grandidieri. Male: 76 forelegs, head and pronotum, dorsal view, 77 head and pronotum, lateral view, 78 habitus, dorso-lateral view, 79 prothoracic auditory spiracle and mesothoracic auricle, 80 last abdominal tergite, 81 cercus, 82 subgenital plate. Female: 83 forelegs, head and pronotum, dorsal view, 84 head and pronotum, lateral view, 85 habitus, dorso-lateral view, 86 subgenital plate. Scale bars 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1039542/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="215">Figs. 76, 77</figureCitation>
|
||
) large, almost as long as wide; 3.8 times longer than high; anterior margin convex, posterior margin with a deep angular median incision; prozona 2.8 times longer than metazona. Tegmina (
|
||
<figureCitation id="43AD2A57FF9D73342276FD20FB1DCB54" box="[1027,1165,751,776]" captionStart="FIGURES 76 – 86" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1916,1938]" captionTargetBox="[191,1413,197,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[171,1414,193,1903]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 76 – 86. Colossopus grandidieri. Male: 76 forelegs, head and pronotum, dorsal view, 77 head and pronotum, lateral view, 78 habitus, dorso-lateral view, 79 prothoracic auditory spiracle and mesothoracic auricle, 80 last abdominal tergite, 81 cercus, 82 subgenital plate. Female: 83 forelegs, head and pronotum, dorsal view, 84 head and pronotum, lateral view, 85 habitus, dorso-lateral view, 86 subgenital plate. Scale bars 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1039542/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="215">Figs. 76, 77</figureCitation>
|
||
) protruding from under pronotum, reaching 2/3 of the way down metanotum; its upper surface wavy. Prothoracic auditory spiracle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="43AD2A57FF9D7334231AFCDBFF24CB0C" captionStart="FIGURES 76 – 86" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1916,1938]" captionTargetBox="[191,1413,197,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[171,1414,193,1903]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 76 – 86. Colossopus grandidieri. Male: 76 forelegs, head and pronotum, dorsal view, 77 head and pronotum, lateral view, 78 habitus, dorso-lateral view, 79 prothoracic auditory spiracle and mesothoracic auricle, 80 last abdominal tergite, 81 cercus, 82 subgenital plate. Female: 83 forelegs, head and pronotum, dorsal view, 84 head and pronotum, lateral view, 85 habitus, dorso-lateral view, 86 subgenital plate. Scale bars 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1039542/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="215">Fig. 79</figureCitation>
|
||
) almost rounded, its dorsal half concealed under lateral lobe of pronotum in lateral view. Mesothoracic auricle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="43AD2A57FF9D733426EAFC93FF66CB28" box="[159,246,860,885]" captionStart="FIGURES 76 – 86" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1916,1938]" captionTargetBox="[191,1413,197,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[171,1414,193,1903]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 76 – 86. Colossopus grandidieri. Male: 76 forelegs, head and pronotum, dorsal view, 77 head and pronotum, lateral view, 78 habitus, dorso-lateral view, 79 prothoracic auditory spiracle and mesothoracic auricle, 80 last abdominal tergite, 81 cercus, 82 subgenital plate. Female: 83 forelegs, head and pronotum, dorsal view, 84 head and pronotum, lateral view, 85 habitus, dorso-lateral view, 86 subgenital plate. Scale bars 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1039542/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="215">Fig. 79</figureCitation>
|
||
) long, its inner gap oval without or with an indistinct ventral lobe. Prosternum with 2 long spines, distinctly V-shaped. Fore femur (
|
||
<figureCitation id="43AD2A57FF9D7334247DFCB0FDC9CBC4" box="[520,601,895,920]" captionStart="FIGURES 76 – 86" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1916,1938]" captionTargetBox="[191,1413,197,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[171,1414,193,1903]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 76 – 86. Colossopus grandidieri. Male: 76 forelegs, head and pronotum, dorsal view, 77 head and pronotum, lateral view, 78 habitus, dorso-lateral view, 79 prothoracic auditory spiracle and mesothoracic auricle, 80 last abdominal tergite, 81 cercus, 82 subgenital plate. Female: 83 forelegs, head and pronotum, dorsal view, 84 head and pronotum, lateral view, 85 habitus, dorso-lateral view, 86 subgenital plate. Scale bars 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1039542/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="215">Fig. 76</figureCitation>
|
||
) with a large inner spine on anterio-lateral margin; with a large inner and a large outer apical spine ventrally (in one male with an additional ventral spine on outer side apically); with 4–5 additional ventral spines on inner side. Fore tibia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="43AD2A57FF9D733424A9FC08FCA0CBBC" box="[732,816,967,992]" captionStart="FIGURES 76 – 86" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1916,1938]" captionTargetBox="[191,1413,197,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[171,1414,193,1903]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 76 – 86. Colossopus grandidieri. Male: 76 forelegs, head and pronotum, dorsal view, 77 head and pronotum, lateral view, 78 habitus, dorso-lateral view, 79 prothoracic auditory spiracle and mesothoracic auricle, 80 last abdominal tergite, 81 cercus, 82 subgenital plate. Female: 83 forelegs, head and pronotum, dorsal view, 84 head and pronotum, lateral view, 85 habitus, dorso-lateral view, 86 subgenital plate. Scale bars 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1039542/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="215">Fig. 76</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 5 very large inner and 6–7 smaller outer spines ventrally. Mid femur with 2–4 and hind femur with 2–4 ventral spines on outer side. Hind tibia with 5–7 dorsal spines on inner side, with a single apical spur on inner side dorsally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="43AD2A57FF9D733425E6FBC0FC46CC74" box="[915,982,1039,1064]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1902,1924]" captionTargetBox="[190,1390,209,1856]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[176,1420,195,1876]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9. Fastigium of vertex from above. 1 Oncodopus zonatus, 2 Malagasopus desutterae, 3 Colossopus grandidieri. Figs. 4 – 6. apical half of left fore femur, inner view. 4 Oncodopus zonatus, 5 Malagasopus desutterae, 6 Colossopus redtenbacheri. Figs. 7 – 9. apical part of left hind tibia from above. 7 Oncodopus zonatus, 8 Malagasopus desutterae, 9 Colossopus grandidieri. Scale bars 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1039526/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="215">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
); with 4 apical spurs ventrally, inner two shorter than outer ones. Last abdominal tergite (
|
||
<figureCitation id="43AD2A57FF9D733424B0FBFBFC8ACC10" box="[709,794,1076,1101]" captionStart="FIGURES 76 – 86" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1916,1938]" captionTargetBox="[191,1413,197,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[171,1414,193,1903]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 76 – 86. Colossopus grandidieri. Male: 76 forelegs, head and pronotum, dorsal view, 77 head and pronotum, lateral view, 78 habitus, dorso-lateral view, 79 prothoracic auditory spiracle and mesothoracic auricle, 80 last abdominal tergite, 81 cercus, 82 subgenital plate. Female: 83 forelegs, head and pronotum, dorsal view, 84 head and pronotum, lateral view, 85 habitus, dorso-lateral view, 86 subgenital plate. Scale bars 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1039542/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="215">Fig. 80</figureCitation>
|
||
) broad, posterior part elongated backward, with a deep narrow median incision. Cercus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="43AD2A57FF9D73342462FB98FDFBCC2C" box="[535,619,1111,1136]" captionStart="FIGURES 76 – 86" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1916,1938]" captionTargetBox="[191,1413,197,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[171,1414,193,1903]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 76 – 86. Colossopus grandidieri. Male: 76 forelegs, head and pronotum, dorsal view, 77 head and pronotum, lateral view, 78 habitus, dorso-lateral view, 79 prothoracic auditory spiracle and mesothoracic auricle, 80 last abdominal tergite, 81 cercus, 82 subgenital plate. Female: 83 forelegs, head and pronotum, dorsal view, 84 head and pronotum, lateral view, 85 habitus, dorso-lateral view, 86 subgenital plate. Scale bars 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1039542/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="215">Fig. 81</figureCitation>
|
||
) long, narrow and slender, apical third sharply narrowed with a large, slightly incurved apical tooth. Subgenital plate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="43AD2A57FF9D733424C9FBB3FC9FCCC8" box="[700,783,1148,1173]" captionStart="FIGURES 76 – 86" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1916,1938]" captionTargetBox="[191,1413,197,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[171,1414,193,1903]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 76 – 86. Colossopus grandidieri. Male: 76 forelegs, head and pronotum, dorsal view, 77 head and pronotum, lateral view, 78 habitus, dorso-lateral view, 79 prothoracic auditory spiracle and mesothoracic auricle, 80 last abdominal tergite, 81 cercus, 82 subgenital plate. Female: 83 forelegs, head and pronotum, dorsal view, 84 head and pronotum, lateral view, 85 habitus, dorso-lateral view, 86 subgenital plate. Scale bars 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1039542/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="215">Fig. 82</figureCitation>
|
||
) almost as long as wide; its styli long, much longer than depth of posterior incision.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DB2936D2FF9D733426B2FB0BFB8ECED1" blockId="22.[151,1437,535,2037]" pageId="22" pageNumber="215">
|
||
Female: Head as in male, relatively slightly larger. Fastigium of vertex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="43AD2A57FF9D7334226DFB0BFB36CC80" box="[1048,1190,1220,1245]" captionStart="FIGURES 76 – 86" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1916,1938]" captionTargetBox="[191,1413,197,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[171,1414,193,1903]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 76 – 86. Colossopus grandidieri. Male: 76 forelegs, head and pronotum, dorsal view, 77 head and pronotum, lateral view, 78 habitus, dorso-lateral view, 79 prothoracic auditory spiracle and mesothoracic auricle, 80 last abdominal tergite, 81 cercus, 82 subgenital plate. Female: 83 forelegs, head and pronotum, dorsal view, 84 head and pronotum, lateral view, 85 habitus, dorso-lateral view, 86 subgenital plate. Scale bars 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1039542/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="215">Figs. 83, 84</figureCitation>
|
||
) as wide as half eye diameter, its basal part 1.1 times wider than antennal scape. Fastigium of frons (
|
||
<figureCitation id="43AD2A57FF9D73342233FB28FB0BCD5C" box="[1094,1179,1255,1280]" captionStart="FIGURES 76 – 86" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1916,1938]" captionTargetBox="[191,1413,197,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[171,1414,193,1903]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 76 – 86. Colossopus grandidieri. Male: 76 forelegs, head and pronotum, dorsal view, 77 head and pronotum, lateral view, 78 habitus, dorso-lateral view, 79 prothoracic auditory spiracle and mesothoracic auricle, 80 last abdominal tergite, 81 cercus, 82 subgenital plate. Female: 83 forelegs, head and pronotum, dorsal view, 84 head and pronotum, lateral view, 85 habitus, dorso-lateral view, 86 subgenital plate. Scale bars 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1039542/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="215">Fig. 84</figureCitation>
|
||
) with a simple, large, slightly downcurved tooth. Pronotum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="43AD2A57FF9D7334242DFAC3FD76CD78" box="[600,742,1292,1317]" captionStart="FIGURES 76 – 86" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1916,1938]" captionTargetBox="[191,1413,197,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[171,1414,193,1903]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 76 – 86. Colossopus grandidieri. Male: 76 forelegs, head and pronotum, dorsal view, 77 head and pronotum, lateral view, 78 habitus, dorso-lateral view, 79 prothoracic auditory spiracle and mesothoracic auricle, 80 last abdominal tergite, 81 cercus, 82 subgenital plate. Female: 83 forelegs, head and pronotum, dorsal view, 84 head and pronotum, lateral view, 85 habitus, dorso-lateral view, 86 subgenital plate. Scale bars 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1039542/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="215">Figs. 83, 84</figureCitation>
|
||
) short and broad, anterior margin convex, posterior margin broadly concave; prozona 1.4 times narrower and 3.9 times longer than metazona. Tegmina strongly reduced, like a very small scale. Dorsal half of prothoracic auditory spiracle covered by pronotum. Mesothoracic auricle not covered by pronotum. Fore femur (
|
||
<figureCitation id="43AD2A57FF9D7334246BFAB8FDFFCDCC" box="[542,623,1399,1424]" captionStart="FIGURES 76 – 86" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1916,1938]" captionTargetBox="[191,1413,197,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[171,1414,193,1903]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 76 – 86. Colossopus grandidieri. Male: 76 forelegs, head and pronotum, dorsal view, 77 head and pronotum, lateral view, 78 habitus, dorso-lateral view, 79 prothoracic auditory spiracle and mesothoracic auricle, 80 last abdominal tergite, 81 cercus, 82 subgenital plate. Female: 83 forelegs, head and pronotum, dorsal view, 84 head and pronotum, lateral view, 85 habitus, dorso-lateral view, 86 subgenital plate. Scale bars 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1039542/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="215">Fig. 83</figureCitation>
|
||
) with a large inner spine on anterio-lateral margin; with a large inner and a large outer apical spine ventrally; with 5–6 additional inner spines ventrally. Fore tibia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="43AD2A57FF9D733422F1FA53FB45CDE8" box="[1156,1237,1436,1461]" captionStart="FIGURES 76 – 86" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1916,1938]" captionTargetBox="[191,1413,197,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[171,1414,193,1903]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 76 – 86. Colossopus grandidieri. Male: 76 forelegs, head and pronotum, dorsal view, 77 head and pronotum, lateral view, 78 habitus, dorso-lateral view, 79 prothoracic auditory spiracle and mesothoracic auricle, 80 last abdominal tergite, 81 cercus, 82 subgenital plate. Female: 83 forelegs, head and pronotum, dorsal view, 84 head and pronotum, lateral view, 85 habitus, dorso-lateral view, 86 subgenital plate. Scale bars 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1039542/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="215">Fig. 83</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 5 inner and 6–7 outer strong spines ventrally. Mid femur with 3 and hind femur with 1–3 outer spines ventrally. Hind tibia with 6–8 dorsal spines on inner side, with a single inner apical spur dorsally; with 4 apical spurs ventrally, inner 2 slightly shorter than outer ones. Last tergite very short and broad, posterior margin with a narrow, median incision. Cercus conical, pointed at apex like a spine. Subgenital plate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="43AD2A57FF9D73342525F9E3FC31CE19" box="[848,929,1580,1605]" captionStart="FIGURES 76 – 86" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1916,1938]" captionTargetBox="[191,1413,197,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[171,1414,193,1903]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 76 – 86. Colossopus grandidieri. Male: 76 forelegs, head and pronotum, dorsal view, 77 head and pronotum, lateral view, 78 habitus, dorso-lateral view, 79 prothoracic auditory spiracle and mesothoracic auricle, 80 last abdominal tergite, 81 cercus, 82 subgenital plate. Female: 83 forelegs, head and pronotum, dorsal view, 84 head and pronotum, lateral view, 85 habitus, dorso-lateral view, 86 subgenital plate. Scale bars 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1039542/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="215">Fig. 86</figureCitation>
|
||
) short and broad, with a wide median carina, its lateral lobes with transverse ridges. Ovipositor (
|
||
<figureCitation id="43AD2A57FF9D733424A5F980FCB1CE34" box="[720,801,1615,1640]" captionStart="FIGURES 76 – 86" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1916,1938]" captionTargetBox="[191,1413,197,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[171,1414,193,1903]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 76 – 86. Colossopus grandidieri. Male: 76 forelegs, head and pronotum, dorsal view, 77 head and pronotum, lateral view, 78 habitus, dorso-lateral view, 79 prothoracic auditory spiracle and mesothoracic auricle, 80 last abdominal tergite, 81 cercus, 82 subgenital plate. Female: 83 forelegs, head and pronotum, dorsal view, 84 head and pronotum, lateral view, 85 habitus, dorso-lateral view, 86 subgenital plate. Scale bars 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1039542/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="215">Fig. 85</figureCitation>
|
||
) almost straight, 2–2.3 times longer than hind femur and 1.5–1.6 times longer than abdomen; apical part of ventral valve with small teeth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="938C6559FF9D733426B2F958FC64CF1C" pageId="22" pageNumber="215" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="DB2936D2FF9D733426B2F958FC64CF1C" blockId="22.[151,1437,535,2037]" pageId="22" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E2EAC0FF9D733426B2F958FE7BCEEC" bold="true" box="[199,491,1687,1712]" pageId="22" pageNumber="215">Colour (dry specimens).</emphasis>
|
||
Body dark, black and dark brown. Face dark reddish brown; labrum light brown; mandibles and upper surface of head black. Pronotum black with some irregular dark brown spots. Male tegmina, mesonotum and metanotum in both sexes yellowish milky brown. Forelegs reddish brown and reddish black. Mid and hind tibia yellowish milky brown. Abdominal tergites black or dark reddish brown in some specimens. Sternites yellowish milky brown in male, darker in female. Ovipositor black.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="938C6559FF9D733426B2F883FB02CFA9" pageId="22" pageNumber="215" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="DB2936D2FF9D733426B2F883FB02CFA9" blockId="22.[151,1437,535,2037]" pageId="22" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E2EAC0FF9D733426B2F883FED1CF39" bold="true" box="[199,321,1868,1893]" pageId="22" pageNumber="215">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
The shape of fastigium of the vertex and the forelegs indicates that this species is closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1C964D51FF9D733426E2F8BFFEC3CFD4" box="[151,339,1903,1928]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Colossopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="redtenbacheri">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E2EAC0FF9D733426E2F8BFFEC3CFD4" box="[151,339,1903,1928]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="215">C. redtenbacheri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It differs from it in the shapes of the pronotum, the male cercus and the ovipositor, in the ratios of ovipositor/hind femur and ovipositor/abdomen, in its distinctly darker body colour and also its larger size. It differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1C964D51FF9D733426ACF876FEE9CF8C" box="[217,377,1977,2000]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Colossopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvicavus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E2EAC0FF9D733426ACF876FEE9CF8C" box="[217,377,1977,2000]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="215">C. parvicavus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E2EAC0FF9D733427F0F877FE74CF8D" bold="true" box="[389,484,1976,2001]" pageId="22" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F2D157BBFF9D733427F0F877FE74CF8D" box="[389,484,1976,2001]" pageId="22" pageNumber="215" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
by its very larger body size, dark colouration, widely open prothoracic auditory spiracle, the shape of male pronotum, and the presence of ventral spines on the hind femur.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="8FE9665AFF9C733526E2F8B3FCBACFB1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1039542/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="216" targetBox="[191,1413,197,1886]" targetPageId="23">
|
||
<paragraph id="DB2936D2FF9C733526E2F8B3FCBACFB1" blockId="23.[151,1437,1916,2029]" pageId="23" pageNumber="216">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E2EAC0FF9C733526E2F8B3FEC4CFCE" bold="true" box="[151,340,1916,1938]" pageId="23" pageNumber="216">FIGURES 76–86.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1C964D51FF9C7335272EF8B3FDD9CFCE" authorityName=": Saussure" authorityYear="1899" box="[347,585,1916,1938]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Colossopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandidieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E2EAC0FF9C7335272EF8B3FDD9CFCE" box="[347,585,1916,1938]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="216">Colossopus grandidieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Male:
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E2EAC0FF9C733524ECF8B3FD23CFCE" bold="true" box="[665,691,1916,1938]" pageId="23" pageNumber="216">76</emphasis>
|
||
forelegs, head and pronotum, dorsal view,
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E2EAC0FF9C7335221EF8B3FB14CFCE" bold="true" box="[1131,1156,1916,1938]" pageId="23" pageNumber="216">77</emphasis>
|
||
head and pronotum, lateral view,
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E2EAC0FF9C733526A0F855FF7FCFEC" bold="true" box="[213,239,1946,1968]" pageId="23" pageNumber="216">78</emphasis>
|
||
habitus, dorso-lateral view,
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E2EAC0FF9C73352461F855FDBECFEC" bold="true" box="[532,558,1946,1968]" pageId="23" pageNumber="216">79</emphasis>
|
||
prothoracic auditory spiracle and mesothoracic auricle,
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E2EAC0FF9C73352201F855FB1ECFEC" bold="true" box="[1140,1166,1946,1968]" pageId="23" pageNumber="216">80</emphasis>
|
||
last abdominal tergite,
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E2EAC0FF9C733523F6F855FA0DCFEC" bold="true" box="[1411,1437,1946,1968]" pageId="23" pageNumber="216">81</emphasis>
|
||
cercus,
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E2EAC0FF9C73352692F876FE91CF93" bold="true" box="[231,257,1977,1999]" pageId="23" pageNumber="216">82</emphasis>
|
||
subgenital plate. Female:
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E2EAC0FF9C7335246DF876FDA1CF93" bold="true" box="[536,561,1977,1999]" pageId="23" pageNumber="216">83</emphasis>
|
||
forelegs, head and pronotum, dorsal view,
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E2EAC0FF9C73352588F876FB86CF93" bold="true" box="[1021,1046,1977,1999]" pageId="23" pageNumber="216">84</emphasis>
|
||
head and pronotum, lateral view,
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E2EAC0FF9C733523F6F876FA0DCF93" bold="true" box="[1411,1437,1977,1999]" pageId="23" pageNumber="216">85</emphasis>
|
||
habitus, dorso-lateral view,
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E2EAC0FF9C733527DAF818FE58CFB1" bold="true" box="[431,456,2007,2029]" pageId="23" pageNumber="216">86</emphasis>
|
||
subgenital plate. Scale bars 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="938C6559FF93733A26B2FF58FE00CA8E" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="DB2936D2FF93733A26B2FF58FE00CA8E" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,2019]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="6BFE3C8FFF93733A26B2FF58FC32C888" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1676482580" collectorName="M. Grandidier & F. Geay" country="Madagascar" county="Material" location="Bas Fiherana" municipality="Prov. De Tulear" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-female="5" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paralectotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E2EAC0FF93733A26B2FF58FE26C8EC" bold="true" box="[199,438,151,176]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<collectingCounty id="32484E5EFF93733A26B2FF58FEBFC8EC" box="[199,303,151,176]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Material</collectingCounty>
|
||
examined.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A3817642FF93733A27B6FF58FDDCC8EC" box="[451,588,151,176]" name="Madagascar" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="CD90FD5BFF93733A2428FF57FD5FC8EC" box="[605,719,151,176]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
|
||
(leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="76635304FF93733A2569FF57FC53C8EC" box="[796,963,151,176]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">M. Grandidier</collectorName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<typeStatus id="042D8870FF93733A25AAFF58FB19C8EC" box="[991,1161,151,176]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" type="paralectotype">Paralectotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="3B4DACA8FF93733A22D7FF57FAF1C8EC" box="[1186,1377,151,176]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Prov. De Tulear</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="DE496009FF93733A2307FF57FF69C889" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:533F87C4FF9D733B26E2FEE8FE03CA44:DE496009FF93733A2307FF57FF69C889" country="Madagascar" county="Material" municipality="Prov. De Tulear" name="Bas Fiherana" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Bas Fiherana</location>
|
||
[
|
||
<location id="DE496009FF93733A2765FF73FE05C889" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:533F87C4FF9D733B26E2FEE8FE03CA44:DE496009FF93733A2765FF73FE05C889" box="[272,405,188,213]" country="Madagascar" county="Material" municipality="Prov. De Tulear" name="Fiherenana" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Fiherenana</location>
|
||
],
|
||
<date id="AF281012FF93733A27C4FF73FE7CC889" box="[433,492,188,213]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" value="1906">1906</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="CD90FD5BFF93733A2474FF73FDC8C889" box="[513,600,188,213]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="CD90FD5BFF93733A241BFF73FD74C889" box="[622,740,188,213]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
|
||
(leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="76635304FF93733A254DFF72FC0BC888" box="[824,923,188,212]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">F. Geay</collectorName>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="6BFE3C8FFF93733A25B4FF73FCBCC8A4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1676482587" collectorName="F. Geay" country="Madagascar" location="Fiherenana" municipality="Forest du Fiherana" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="paralectotype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A3817642FF93733A25B4FF73FBD8C889" box="[961,1096,188,213]" name="Madagascar" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
(S.O.),
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="3B4DACA8FF93733A22C3FF72FA0CC889" box="[1206,1436,188,213]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Forest du Fiherana</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
[
|
||
<location id="DE496009FF93733A26E8FF10FEB2C8A4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:533F87C4FF9D733B26E2FEE8FE03CA44:DE496009FF93733A26E8FF10FEB2C8A4" box="[157,290,223,248]" country="Madagascar" municipality="Forest du Fiherana" name="Fiherenana" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Fiherenana</location>
|
||
],
|
||
<date id="AF281012FF93733A2743FF10FEE1C8A4" box="[310,369,223,248]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" value="1905">1905</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="CD90FD5BFF93733A270BFF2FFE5FC8A4" box="[382,463,223,248]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="CD90FD5BFF93733A27A9FF2FFDBAC8A4" box="[476,554,223,248]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
nymph (leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="76635304FF93733A24B3FF2FFCB4C8A4" box="[710,804,224,248]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">F. Geay</collectorName>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="6BFE3C8FFF93733A254FFF10FE8CC941" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1676482582" collectingDate="1963-05-14" collectorName="D. Wintrebert" country="Madagascar" location="Madagascar" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paralectotype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A3817642FF93733A254FFF10FC51C8A4" box="[826,961,223,248]" name="Madagascar" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<location id="DE496009FF93733A254FFF10FC51C8A4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:533F87C4FF9D733B26E2FEE8FE03CA44:DE496009FF93733A254FFF10FC51C8A4" box="[826,961,223,248]" country="Madagascar" name="Madagascar" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Madagascar</location>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
sud,
|
||
<date id="AF281012FF93733A2274FF10FBE3C8A4" box="[1025,1139,223,248]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" value="1963-05-14">
|
||
<collectingDate id="BF6CE9FAFF93733A2274FF10FBE3C8A4" box="[1025,1139,223,248]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" value="1963-05-14">
|
||
14.5.
|
||
<date id="AF281012FF93733A224DFF10FBE3C8A4" box="[1080,1139,223,248]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" value="1963" year="1963">1963</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="CD90FD5BFF93733A22F4FF2FFB75C8A4" box="[1153,1253,223,248]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
nymph (leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="76635304FF93733A23F4FF2FFE85C941" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">D. Wintrebert</collectorName>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="6BFE3C8FFF93733A2747FECBFB68C941" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1676482573" box="[306,1272,260,285]" collectingDate="1963-04-29" collectorName="D. Wintrebert" country="Madagascar" location="Efeda" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paralectotype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A3817642FF93733A2747FECBFE2BC941" box="[306,443,260,285]" name="Madagascar" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, sud-wat,
|
||
<location id="DE496009FF93733A2437FECBFD16C941" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:533F87C4FF9D733B26E2FEE8FE03CA44:DE496009FF93733A2437FECBFD16C941" box="[578,646,260,285]" country="Madagascar" name="Efeda" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Efeda</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="AF281012FF93733A24E9FECBFC9FC941" box="[668,783,260,285]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" value="1963-04-29">
|
||
<collectingDate id="BF6CE9FAFF93733A24E9FECBFC9FC941" box="[668,783,260,285]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" value="1963-04-29">
|
||
29.4.
|
||
<date id="AF281012FF93733A24A0FECBFC9FC941" box="[725,783,260,285]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" value="1963" year="1963">1963</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="CD90FD5BFF93733A2550FECBFC01C941" box="[805,913,260,285]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
nymph (leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="76635304FF93733A2232FECAFB62C941" box="[1095,1266,260,285]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">D. Wintrebert</collectorName>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="6BFE3C8FFF93733A237AFECBFB81C91C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1676482589" country="Madagascar" location="Ampamaherana" municipality="Anpamaherana" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Fianarantsoa" typeStatus="paralectotype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A3817642FF93733A237AFECBFA08C941" box="[1295,1432,260,285]" name="Madagascar" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1952F830FF93733A26E2FEE8FEB9C91C" box="[151,297,295,320]" country="Madagascar" name="Fianarantsoa" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Fianarantsoa</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="3B4DACA8FF93733A2748FEE8FE76C91C" box="[317,486,295,320]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Anpamaherana</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
[
|
||
<location id="DE496009FF93733A278BFEE8FD28C91C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:533F87C4FF9D733B26E2FEE8FE03CA44:DE496009FF93733A278BFEE8FD28C91C" box="[510,696,295,320]" country="Madagascar" municipality="Anpamaherana" name="Ampamaherana" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" stateProvince="Fianarantsoa">Ampamaherana</location>
|
||
], station forestire,
|
||
<specimenCount id="CD90FD5BFF93733A25D6FEE7FB81C91C" box="[931,1041,295,320]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="6BFE3C8FFF93733A2253FEE8FD8CC938" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1676482584" collectingDate="1956-10-05" collectionCode="MNHN" country="Madagascar" location="Manombo" municipality="Tulear" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paralectotype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A3817642FF93733A2253FEE8FB3FC91C" box="[1062,1199,295,320]" name="Madagascar" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="3B4DACA8FF93733A22B6FEE8FA9DC91C" box="[1219,1293,295,320]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Tulear</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="DE496009FF93733A2357FEE8FA08C91C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:533F87C4FF9D733B26E2FEE8FE03CA44:DE496009FF93733A2357FEE8FA08C91C" box="[1314,1432,295,320]" country="Madagascar" municipality="Tulear" name="Manombo" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Manombo</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="AF281012FF93733A26E2FE83FE99C939" box="[151,265,332,357]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" value="1956-10-05">
|
||
<collectingDate id="BF6CE9FAFF93733A26E2FE83FE99C939" box="[151,265,332,357]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" value="1956-10-05">
|
||
10.5.
|
||
<date id="AF281012FF93733A26B8FE83FE99C939" box="[205,265,332,357]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" value="1956" year="1956">1956</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="CD90FD5BFF93733A2763FE83FEF3C939" box="[278,355,332,357]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
(all in
|
||
<collectionCode id="BD87AE17FF93733A27CCFE83FD84C938" box="[441,532,332,356]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="6BFE3C8FFF93733A2452FE83FE85C9D4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1676482575" collectorName="S. Centr. Mdg. & Forest & Mangily" country="Madagascar" location="Toliara Province" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Toliara Province" typeStatus="paralectotype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A3817642FF93733A2452FE83FD20C939" box="[551,688,332,357]" name="Madagascar" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="76635304FF93733A24CBFE83FCF8C939" box="[702,872,332,357]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">S. Centr. Mdg.</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="CD90FD5BFF93733A2500FE83FC40C939" box="[885,976,332,357]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1952F830FF93733A25A8FE83FB0CC939" box="[989,1180,332,357]" country="Madagascar" name="Toliara" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Toliara Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="76635304FF93733A22DDFE82FB7EC938" box="[1192,1262,333,356]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Forest</collectorName>
|
||
near village of
|
||
<collectorName id="76635304FF93733A26E2FEBFFF67C9D5" box="[151,247,368,393]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Mangily</collectorName>
|
||
, c
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="6BFE3C8FFF93733A2751FEBEFD9DC9F2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1676482585" collectingDate="2004-11-19" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="Coll. G. W. & Beccaloni" country="Madagascar" location="Toliara" longitude="43.6" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Toliara" typeStatus="paralectotype">
|
||
<quantity id="1C6E9B37FF93733A2751FEBEFEFFC9D5" box="[292,367,368,393]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" unit="km" value="27.0">27 km</quantity>
|
||
N of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1952F830FF93733A27CEFEBFFD9AC9D5" box="[443,522,368,393]" country="Madagascar" name="Toliara" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Toliara</collectingRegion>
|
||
(-23.15, 43.60) [23
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E2EAC0FF93733A2485FEA0FD6BC9D5" box="[752,763,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">°</emphasis>
|
||
8'60'' S,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BEA25015FF93733A2517FEBEFC72C9D4" box="[866,994,367,393]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" precision="15" value="43.6">
|
||
43
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E2EAC0FF93733A2508FEA0FC18C9D5" box="[893,904,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">°</emphasis>
|
||
36'0'' E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
],
|
||
<date id="AF281012FF93733A258FFEBEFBE9C9D5" box="[1018,1145,369,393]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" value="2004-11-19">
|
||
<collectingDate id="BF6CE9FAFF93733A258FFEBEFBE9C9D5" box="[1018,1145,369,393]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" value="2004-11-19">
|
||
19.11.
|
||
<date id="AF281012FF93733A2249FEBEFBE9C9D5" box="[1084,1145,369,393]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" value="2004" year="2004">2004</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="76635304FF93733A22FDFEBFFAEFC9D5" box="[1160,1407,368,393]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Coll. G.W. Beccaloni</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="CD90FD5BFF93733A23FBFEBEFF4BC9F2" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="CD90FD5BFF93733A2693FE59FED7C9F2" box="[230,327,405,430]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(all in
|
||
<collectionCode id="BD87AE17FF93733A27E3FE59FD95C9F2" box="[406,517,406,430]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
. 1 female (det. Karny), without locality label (NMW).
|
||
<materialsCitation id="6BFE3C8FFF93733A2204FE5AFD0FC9A4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1676482586" collectingDate="2002-03-22" collectorName="Fisher & Griswold" country="Madagascar" elevation="70" latitude="-22.802221" location="Tsifota" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="43.420555" municipality="Foret de Tsinjoriaky" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Toliara" typeStatus="paralectotype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A3817642FF93733A2204FE5AFB6AC9F2" box="[1137,1274,405,430]" name="Madagascar" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1952F830FF93733A2370FE5AFAC4C9F2" box="[1285,1364,405,430]" country="Madagascar" name="Toliara" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Toliara</collectingRegion>
|
||
Prov.,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="3B4DACA8FF93733A26E2FE75FEEFC98F" box="[151,383,442,467]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Forét de Tsinjoriaky</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
<quantity id="1C6E9B37FF93733A27FCFE75FE4AC98F" box="[393,474,442,467]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" unit="km" value="6.2">6.2 km</quantity>
|
||
84 E
|
||
<location id="DE496009FF93733A2451FE75FDE4C98F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:533F87C4FF9D733B26E2FEE8FE03CA44:DE496009FF93733A2451FE75FDE4C98F" box="[548,628,442,467]" country="Madagascar" latitude="-22.802221" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="43.420555" municipality="Foret de Tsinjoriaky" name="Tsifota" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" stateProvince="Toliara">Tsifota</location>
|
||
, elev.
|
||
<quantity id="1C6E9B37FF93733A24CAFE75FD6DC98E" box="[703,765,442,466]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" unit="m" value="70.0">
|
||
<elevation id="50BBD1E1FF93733A24CAFE75FD6DC98E" box="[703,765,442,466]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" unit="m" value="70.0">70 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="AF281012FF93733A2579FE75FC56C98E" box="[780,966,442,467]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" value="2002-03-06" valueMax="2002-03-10" valueMin="2002-03-06">
|
||
<date id="AF281012FF93733A2579FE75FC12C98E" box="[780,898,442,467]" day="06" month="03" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" value="2010-03-06" year="2010">
|
||
6–
|
||
<date id="AF281012FF93733A255CFE75FC12C98E" box="[809,898,442,467]" day="10" month="03" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" partOrder="dmy" value="2002-03-10" year="2002">
|
||
10
|
||
<date id="AF281012FF93733A2538FE74FC12C98E" box="[845,898,443,466]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" value="2002-03-22">
|
||
<collectingDate id="BF6CE9FAFF93733A2538FE74FC12C98E" box="[845,898,443,466]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" value="2002-03-22">Mar.</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</date>
|
||
<date id="AF281012FF93733A25FEFE75FC56C98E" box="[907,966,442,466]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" value="2002" year="2002">2002</date>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BEA25015FF93733A25A1FE75FBC1C98E" box="[980,1105,440,466]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" precision="15" value="-22.802221">
|
||
<date id="AF281012FF93733A25A1FE75FC60C98E" box="[980,1008,442,466]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" value="2022">22</date>
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E2EAC0FF93733A2585FE77FC6BC98E" box="[1008,1019,440,466]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">°</emphasis>
|
||
48'8" S
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BEA25015FF93733A2215FE75FB7DC98E" box="[1120,1261,440,467]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" precision="15" value="43.420555">
|
||
43
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E2EAC0FF93733A2209FE77FB17C98E" box="[1148,1159,440,466]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">°</emphasis>
|
||
25'14" E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="CD90FD5BFF93733A2289FE75FAF0C98F" box="[1276,1376,442,467]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="76635304FF93733A26E2FE10FF4FC9A4" box="[151,223,479,504]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Fisher</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="76635304FF93733A269FFE10FEC2C9A4" box="[234,338,479,504]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Griswold</collectorName>
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E2EAC0FF93733A272CFE2FFE01C9A4" box="[345,401,479,504]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
), in spiny forest thicket
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="6BFE3C8FFF93733A24DFFE10FB38CA41" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1676482579" collectingDate="2003-05-13" collectingDateMax="2003-05-21" collectingDateMin="2003-05-13" collectorName="Frontier & Wilderness" country="Madagascar" elevation="20" location="Lake Ranobe" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Toliara" typeStatus="paralectotype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A3817642FF93733A24DFFE10FCA3C9A4" box="[682,819,479,504]" name="Madagascar" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1952F830FF93733A254BFE10FC1DC9A4" box="[830,909,479,504]" country="Madagascar" name="Toliara" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Toliara</collectingRegion>
|
||
Prov.,
|
||
<location id="DE496009FF93733A25A9FE10FBE3C9A4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:533F87C4FF9D733B26E2FEE8FE03CA44:DE496009FF93733A25A9FE10FBE3C9A4" box="[988,1139,479,504]" country="Madagascar" name="Lake Ranobe" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" stateProvince="Toliara">Lake Ranobe</location>
|
||
, elev.
|
||
<quantity id="1C6E9B37FF93733A22CCFE2FFB65C9AB" box="[1209,1269,480,504]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" unit="m" value="20.0">
|
||
<elevation id="50BBD1E1FF93733A22CCFE2FFB65C9AB" box="[1209,1269,480,504]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BEA25015FF93733A2375FE2FFAD9C9A4" box="[1280,1353,478,504]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">
|
||
23
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E2EAC0FF93733A2369FE11FAB7C9A4" box="[1308,1319,478,504]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">°</emphasis>
|
||
02'
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
524" S,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BEA25015FF93733A26E2FDCAFF4FCA41" box="[151,223,515,541]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">
|
||
43
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E2EAC0FF93733A26C6FDCCFF2ECA41" box="[179,190,515,541]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">°</emphasis>
|
||
37'
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
214" E,
|
||
<date id="AF281012FF93733A2735FDCAFD98CA41" box="[320,520,517,542]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" value="2003-05-13" valueMax="2003-05-21" valueMin="2003-05-13">
|
||
<collectingDate id="BF6CE9FAFF93733A2735FDCAFD98CA41" box="[320,520,517,542]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" value="2003-05-13" valueMax="2003-05-21" valueMin="2003-05-13">
|
||
<date id="AF281012FF93733A2735FDCAFE53CA42" box="[320,451,517,542]" day="13" last_day="21" month="05" monthName="May" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" partOrder="dmy" value="2013-05-21" year="2013">
|
||
13–
|
||
<date id="AF281012FF93733A271EFDCAFE53CA42" box="[363,451,517,542]" day="21" month="05" monthName="May" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" partOrder="dmy" value="2003-05-21" year="1921">
|
||
21
|
||
<date id="AF281012FF93733A27E5FDC9FE53CA42" box="[400,451,518,542]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" value="2003-05-01">May</date>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</date>
|
||
<date id="AF281012FF93733A27B8FDCAFD98CA41" box="[461,520,517,541]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" value="2003" year="2003">2003</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="CD90FD5BFF93733A2463FDCAFDF6CA41" box="[534,614,516,541]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="CD90FD5BFF93733A2400FDCAFD48CA41" box="[629,728,516,541]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="76635304FF93733A256BFDCBFCEACA41" box="[798,890,516,541]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Frontier</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="76635304FF93733A25FDFDCBFB99CA41" box="[904,1033,516,541]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Wilderness</collectorName>
|
||
), spiny forest
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="6BFE3C8FFF93733A22C3FDCBFE00CA8E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1676482583" collectingDate="1974-01" collectingDateMax="2015-03-15" collectingDateMin="1974-01" collectionCode="CAS" collectorName="Fisher & Griswold & Mangily & Martin Bader & They" country="Madagascar" county="Toliara Prov." elevation="80" location="Itampolo" longitude="43.996666" municipality="Mahafaly Plateau" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-adult="2" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Toliara" typeStatus="paralectotype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A3817642FF93733A22C3FDCBFAAFCA41" box="[1206,1343,516,541]" name="Madagascar" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="32484E5EFF93733A2338FDCBFF44CA1E" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Toliara Prov.</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="3B4DACA8FF93733A2697FDE5FE3DCA1F" box="[226,429,554,579]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Mahafaly Plateau</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="1C6E9B37FF93733A27C9FDE5FD9DCA1F" box="[444,525,554,579]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" unit="km" value="6.2">6.2 km</quantity>
|
||
<date id="AF281012FF93733A2462FDE5FDE4CA1E" box="[535,628,554,578]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" value="1974-01">
|
||
<collectingDate id="BF6CE9FAFF93733A2462FDE5FDE4CA1E" box="[535,628,554,578]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" value="1974-01">74 ENE</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
<location id="DE496009FF93733A240AFDE5FD77CA1F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:533F87C4FF9D733B26E2FEE8FE03CA44:DE496009FF93733A240AFDE5FD77CA1F" box="[639,743,554,579]" country="Madagascar" county="Toliara Prov." longitude="43.996666" municipality="Mahafaly Plateau" name="Itampolo" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" stateProvince="Toliara">Itampolo</location>
|
||
, elev.
|
||
<quantity id="1C6E9B37FF93733A2546FDE5FCE1CA1E" box="[819,881,554,578]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" unit="m" value="80.0">
|
||
<elevation id="50BBD1E1FF93733A2546FDE5FCE1CA1E" box="[819,881,554,578]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" unit="m" value="80.0">80 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="AF281012FF93733A25F4FDE5FBD7CA1E" box="[897,1095,554,579]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" value="2002-02-21" valueMax="2002-02-25" valueMin="2002-02-21">
|
||
<date id="AF281012FF93733A25F4FDE5FB92CA1F" box="[897,1026,554,579]" day="21" last_day="25" month="02" monthName="Feb" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" partOrder="dmy" value="1921-02-25" year="1921">
|
||
21–
|
||
<date id="AF281012FF93733A25DEFDE5FB92CA1F" box="[939,1026,554,579]" day="25" month="02" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" partOrder="dmy" value="2002-02-25" year="2002">
|
||
25
|
||
<date id="AF281012FF93733A25A4FDE5FB92CA1F" box="[977,1026,554,579]" month="02" monthName="Feb" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" value="2002-02-24" year="2002">
|
||
<collectingDate id="BF6CE9FAFF93733A25A4FDE5FB92CA1F" box="[977,1026,554,579]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" value="2002-02-24">Feb.</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</date>
|
||
2002
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="AF281012FF93733A2223FDE5FBE2CA1E" box="[1110,1138,554,578]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" value="2024">24</date>
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E2EAC0FF93733A2204FDE7FBECCA1E" box="[1137,1148,552,578]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">°</emphasis>
|
||
39'13" S,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BEA25015FF93733A2284FDE5FAEFCA1E" box="[1265,1407,552,579]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" precision="15" value="43.996666">
|
||
43
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E2EAC0FF93733A2378FDE7FA88CA1E" box="[1293,1304,552,578]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">°</emphasis>
|
||
59'48" E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="CD90FD5BFF93733A23FBFDE5FF73CA3B" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="76635304FF93733A2751FD81FEFCCA3B" box="[292,364,590,615]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Fisher</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="76635304FF93733A2702FD81FE4FCA3B" box="[375,479,590,615]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Griswold</collectorName>
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E2EAC0FF93733A2793FD80FD88CA3B" box="[486,536,590,615]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">et al</emphasis>
|
||
.), in spiny forest thicket (
|
||
<collectionCode id="BD87AE17FF93733A254FFD80FCE6CA3B" box="[826,886,591,615]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">CAS</collectionCode>
|
||
). In addition,
|
||
<specimenCount id="CD90FD5BFF93733A2267FD80FBCFCA3B" box="[1042,1119,590,615]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" type="adult">2 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
females were photographed but not collected in spiny forest near
|
||
<collectorName id="76635304FF93733A243DFDBDFD38CAD7" box="[584,680,626,651]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Mangily</collectorName>
|
||
, north of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1952F830FF93733A256EFDBDFCFDCAD7" box="[795,877,626,651]" country="Madagascar" name="Toliara" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Toliara</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1952F830FF93733A250FFDBDFBA6CAD7" box="[890,1078,626,651]" country="Madagascar" name="Toliara" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Toliara Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
by
|
||
<collectorName id="76635304FF93733A2210FDBDFB6DCAD7" box="[1125,1277,626,651]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Martin Bader</collectorName>
|
||
on
|
||
<date id="AF281012FF93733A2359FDBDFA0DCAD7" box="[1324,1437,626,651]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" value="2015-03-15">
|
||
<collectingDate id="BF6CE9FAFF93733A2359FDBDFA0DCAD7" box="[1324,1437,626,651]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" value="2015-03-15">15.3.2015</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(photographs and video footage were examined by the authors).
|
||
<collectorName id="76635304FF93733A2512FD59FC31CAF3" box="[871,929,662,687]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">They</collectorName>
|
||
were found during the day hiding under bark attached to dead trees.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="938C6559FF93733A26B2FD11FC8ACB63" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="DB2936D2FF93733A26B2FD11FC8ACB63" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,2019]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E2EAC0FF93733A26B2FD11FE55CAAB" bold="true" box="[199,453,734,759]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Measurements (mm).</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="042D8870FF93733A27B9FD10FDACCAAB" box="[460,572,735,759]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(male): Body length: 53; pronotum length: 14; width of pronotum: 12.5; fore femur length: 16.9; width of fore femur: 6.2; fore tibia length: 14; hind femur length: 18. See
|
||
<tableCitation id="96140369FF93733A22C7FCCDFA95CB47" box="[1202,1285,770,795]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="29.[151,239,1445,1468]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,1496,1980]" captionText="TABLE 4. Measurements (mm) of the body parts of Colossopus spp. M male, F female." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/8FE9665AFF96733F26E2FA6AFBD5CDE0" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" tableUuid="8FE9665AFF96733F26E2FA6AFBD5CDE0">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
for the range of measurement of the other specimens including female.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="938C6559FF93733A26B2FC85FD13CBAE" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="DB2936D2FF93733A26B2FC85FEF2CBF7" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,2019]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E2EAC0FF93733A26B2FC85FEF0CB3F" bold="true" box="[199,352,842,867]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
South-west and south-central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A3817642FF93733A24BFFC85FCC1CB3F" box="[714,849,842,867]" name="Madagascar" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="43AD2A57FF93733A2513FC85FC5BCB3F" box="[870,971,842,867]" captionStart="FIGURES 109 – 111" captionStartId="30.[151,264,1176,1198]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,225,1132]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,224,1135]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 109 – 111. Maps. 109 map of Madagascar, 110 distributions of Oncodopus spp., 111 distributions of Malagasopus spp. and Colossopus spp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1039548/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Fig. 111</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1952F830FF93733A2591FC85FB37CB3F" box="[996,1191,842,867]" country="Madagascar" name="Toliara" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Toliara Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1952F830FF93733A22C2FC85FA99CB3F" box="[1207,1289,842,867]" country="Madagascar" name="Toliara" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Toliara</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Fiherenana, Mangily, Efeda, Manombo, Tsifota, Lake Ranobe, NE Itampolo.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1952F830FF93733A25A7FCA1FB4CCBDB" box="[978,1244,878,903]" country="Madagascar" name="Fianarantsoa" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Fianarantsoa Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Anpamaherana [Ampamaherana].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DB2936D2FF93733A26B2FC79FD13CBAE" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,2019]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E2EAC0FF93733A26B2FC79FEBACB93" bold="true" box="[199,298,950,975]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
This species was collected in spiny forest. The specimens collected by the second author were found under loose bark still attached to dead trees.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="938C6559FF93733A26B2FC31FDEDCC67" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="DB2936D2FF93733A26B2FC31FDEDCC67" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,2019]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E2EAC0FF93733A26B2FC31FED9CC4B" bold="true" box="[199,329,1022,1047]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Phenology.</emphasis>
|
||
This species has been collected or observed between February and May: in November and March as adults, and in April and May as nymphs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="938C6559FF93733A26B2FB89FC6ACD4F" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="DB2936D2FF93733A26B2FB89FDF0CCFB" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,2019]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E2EAC0FF93733A26B2FB89FEABCC03" bold="true" box="[199,315,1094,1119]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The record for Anpamaherana [Ampamaherana] is dubious since this locality is located in the subhumid bioclimatic zone (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BF074B23FF93733A27A3FBA4FDF7CCDF" author="Cornet, A." box="[470,615,1131,1155]" journalOrPublisher="Notice explicative" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" pagination="1 - 28" part="55" refString="Cornet, A. (1974) Essai de cartographie bioclimatique Madagascar. Notice explicative, 55, 1 - 28." title="Essai de cartographie bioclimatique Madagascar" type="journal article" year="1974">Cornet 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), rather than the subarid zone like all of the other collecting localities for this species (see remarks for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1C964D51FF93733A27AEFB40FDC0CCFA" box="[475,592,1167,1190]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Oncodopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janetae">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E2EAC0FF93733A27AEFB40FDC0CCFA" box="[475,592,1167,1190]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">O. janetae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DB2936D2FF93733A26B2FB7DFC6ACD4F" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,2019]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E2EAC0FF93733A26B2FB7DFEC8CC97" bold="true" box="[199,344,1202,1227]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Life history.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1C964D51FF93733A272AFB7CFE6FCC97" authorityName=": Saussure" authorityYear="1899" box="[351,511,1202,1227]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Colossopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandidieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E2EAC0FF93733A272AFB7CFE6FCC97" box="[351,511,1202,1227]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">C. grandidieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been bred in captivity by several hobbyists in Europe and to our knowledge it is the only one of the species discussed in this paper that has been studied in this respect. What follows is a compilation of information from several people who have reared this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="938C6559FF93733A26B2FAD0FBA9CEC3" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="DB2936D2FF93733A26B2FAD0FB68CD9B" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,2019]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1C964D51FF93733A26B2FAD0FEF9CD6B" ID-CoL="5ZMHL" authorityName=": Saussure" authorityYear="1899" box="[199,361,1310,1335]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Colossopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandidieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E2EAC0FF93733A26B2FAD0FEF9CD6B" box="[199,361,1310,1335]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">C. grandidieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is omnivorous, feeding on a wide range of leaves and fruit, as well as living and dead insects, and manufactured food, e.g. lettuce,
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E2EAC0FF93733A244DFA8DFDEECD07" box="[568,638,1346,1371]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Rubus</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1C964D51FF93733A24C2FA8CFC85CD06" ID-CoL="8W2YL" box="[695,789,1347,1370]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E2EAC0FF93733A24C2FA8CFC85CD06" box="[695,789,1347,1370]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Quercus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
leaves, rose flowers, zucchini, cucumber, banana (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BF074B23FF93733A2322FA8DFF43CD23" author="Rohrs, C." journalOrPublisher="1899. Available from" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" pagination="2017" part="3" publicationUrl="https://www.saltatoria.info/haltung-und-zucht" refString="Rohrs, C. (2017) Colossopus grandidieri Saussure, 1899. Available from: https: // www. saltatoria. info / haltung-und-zucht / species-a-z / colossopus-grandidieri (accessed 3 July 2017)" title="Colossopus grandidieri Saussure" type="journal article" year="2017">Röhrs 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), living crickets, cockroaches, moths and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1C964D51FF93733A24CCFAA9FCE5CD22" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[697,885,1382,1407]" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Zophobas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morio">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E2EAC0FF93733A24CCFAA9FCE5CD22" box="[697,885,1382,1407]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Zophobas morio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BF074B23FF93733A25A1FAA9FB13CD23" author="Fritzsche, I." box="[980,1155,1382,1407]" journalOrPublisher="Arthropoda" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" pagination="80" part="16" refString="Fritzsche, I. (2008) Collossopus [sic] sp. - eine neue heuschrecke aus Madagaskar. Arthropoda, 16 (1), 80." title="Collossopus [sic] sp. - eine neue heuschrecke aus Madagaskar" type="journal article" year="2008">Fritzsche 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), dried
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1C964D51FF93733A22A8FAA9FA0CCD23" box="[1245,1436,1382,1407]" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Tenebrio" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="molitor">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E2EAC0FF93733A22A8FAA9FA0CCD23" box="[1245,1436,1382,1407]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Tenebrio molitor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae, dog food and fish flakes (Guillermo González, pers. commun., 2017). All instars of both sexes have raptorial forelegs, which are used to grasp living prey as well as being used for defence (see below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DB2936D2FF93733A26B2FA1DFBA9CEC3" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,2019]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">
|
||
The pale brown cigar-shaped eggs are deposited singly into soil (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BF074B23FF93733A25C1FA1DFBACCDB7" author="Rohrs, C." box="[948,1084,1490,1515]" journalOrPublisher="1899. Available from" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" pagination="2017" part="3" publicationUrl="https://www.saltatoria.info/haltung-und-zucht" refString="Rohrs, C. (2017) Colossopus grandidieri Saussure, 1899. Available from: https: // www. saltatoria. info / haltung-und-zucht / species-a-z / colossopus-grandidieri (accessed 3 July 2017)" title="Colossopus grandidieri Saussure" type="journal article" year="2017">Röhrs 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and females can lay 150–200 during their lifetime (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BF074B23FF93733A27E7FA39FDA1CE53" author="Tanzler, R." box="[402,561,1526,1551]" journalOrPublisher="Available from" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" pagination="2017" part="3" publicationUrl="https://wildesgaestezimmer.wordpress.com/2012" refString="Tanzler, R. (2012) Zur haltung von Colossopus grandidieri. Available from: https: // wildesgaestezimmer. wordpress. com / 2012 / 10 / 03 / zur-haltung-von-colossopus-grandidieri (accessed 3 July 2017)" title="Zur haltung von Colossopus grandidieri" type="journal article" year="2012">Tänzler 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Eggs measure
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E2EAC0FF93733A2486FA38FD6FCE52" box="[755,767,1527,1550]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">c</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<quantity id="1C6E9B37FF93733A2564FA39FCDBCE53" box="[785,843,1526,1551]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" unit="mm" value="6.0">6mm</quantity>
|
||
in length when first laid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="43AD2A57FF93733A22F6FA39FB75CE53" box="[1155,1253,1526,1551]" captionStart="FIGURES 112 – 119" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1761,1783]" captionTargetBox="[182,1406,193,1744]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[182,1406,193,1744]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 112 – 119. Living specimens. 112 Oncodopus zonatus, adult male, natural resting posture, Zombitse – Vohibasia National Park, Toliara Province. 17.11. 2004. © G. W. Beccaloni, 113 Oncodopus janetae, adult female, Mangatsiaka parcel, Andohahela National Park, Toliara Province. 30.11. 2004. © S. Stammers, 114 Oncodopus brongniarti, adult female, near village of Mangily, Toliara Province. 11.11. 2004. © G. W. Beccaloni, 115 Oncodopus brongniarti, threat display of adult female, near village of Mangily, Toliara Province. 30.12. 2015. © M. Bader, 116 Oncodopus brongniarti, adult pair, natural resting postures, Belo Sur Mer, Toliara Province. 22.11. 2007. © J. Beccaloni, 117 Oncodopus saussurei, adult female, beside R. N. 7 south of Ambohimahasoa, Fianarantsoa Province. 13.11. 2004. © S. Stammers, 118 Malagasopus desutterae, male nymph, 80 km north of Tulear, near village of Ankililoaka, Toliara Province. 6.2008 © O. Pronk, 119 Colossopus grandidieri, eggs: newly laid eggs lower right; older (swollen) eggs upper left. Captive stock. © G. J. N. González." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1039550/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Fig. 119</figureCitation>
|
||
right) and they increase in volume over several weeks (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BF074B23FF93733A2428F9D5FD69CE6F" author="Tanzler, R." box="[605,761,1562,1587]" journalOrPublisher="Available from" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" pagination="2017" part="3" publicationUrl="https://wildesgaestezimmer.wordpress.com/2012" refString="Tanzler, R. (2012) Zur haltung von Colossopus grandidieri. Available from: https: // wildesgaestezimmer. wordpress. com / 2012 / 10 / 03 / zur-haltung-von-colossopus-grandidieri (accessed 3 July 2017)" title="Zur haltung von Colossopus grandidieri" type="journal article" year="2012">Tänzler 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), presumably by absorbing water from the surrounding soil (
|
||
<figureCitation id="43AD2A57FF93733A26EAF9F1FE98CE0B" box="[159,264,1598,1623]" captionStart="FIGURES 112 – 119" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1761,1783]" captionTargetBox="[182,1406,193,1744]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[182,1406,193,1744]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 112 – 119. Living specimens. 112 Oncodopus zonatus, adult male, natural resting posture, Zombitse – Vohibasia National Park, Toliara Province. 17.11. 2004. © G. W. Beccaloni, 113 Oncodopus janetae, adult female, Mangatsiaka parcel, Andohahela National Park, Toliara Province. 30.11. 2004. © S. Stammers, 114 Oncodopus brongniarti, adult female, near village of Mangily, Toliara Province. 11.11. 2004. © G. W. Beccaloni, 115 Oncodopus brongniarti, threat display of adult female, near village of Mangily, Toliara Province. 30.12. 2015. © M. Bader, 116 Oncodopus brongniarti, adult pair, natural resting postures, Belo Sur Mer, Toliara Province. 22.11. 2007. © J. Beccaloni, 117 Oncodopus saussurei, adult female, beside R. N. 7 south of Ambohimahasoa, Fianarantsoa Province. 13.11. 2004. © S. Stammers, 118 Malagasopus desutterae, male nymph, 80 km north of Tulear, near village of Ankililoaka, Toliara Province. 6.2008 © O. Pronk, 119 Colossopus grandidieri, eggs: newly laid eggs lower right; older (swollen) eggs upper left. Captive stock. © G. J. N. González." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1039550/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Figs. 119</figureCitation>
|
||
left, 120). The eggs hatch in
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E2EAC0FF93733A2422F9F0FDE1CE0A" box="[599,625,1599,1622]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">ca</emphasis>
|
||
. 3 months, although some may take more than a year to emerge (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BF074B23FF93733A2322F9F1FF44CE27" author="Rohrs, C." journalOrPublisher="1899. Available from" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" pagination="2017" part="3" publicationUrl="https://www.saltatoria.info/haltung-und-zucht" refString="Rohrs, C. (2017) Colossopus grandidieri Saussure, 1899. Available from: https: // www. saltatoria. info / haltung-und-zucht / species-a-z / colossopus-grandidieri (accessed 3 July 2017)" title="Colossopus grandidieri Saussure" type="journal article" year="2017">Röhrs 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Hatching appears to be triggered by alternating dry and wet conditions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BF074B23FF93733A2269F9ADFB35CE27" author="Rohrs, C." box="[1052,1189,1634,1659]" journalOrPublisher="1899. Available from" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" pagination="2017" part="3" publicationUrl="https://www.saltatoria.info/haltung-und-zucht" refString="Rohrs, C. (2017) Colossopus grandidieri Saussure, 1899. Available from: https: // www. saltatoria. info / haltung-und-zucht / species-a-z / colossopus-grandidieri (accessed 3 July 2017)" title="Colossopus grandidieri Saussure" type="journal article" year="2017">Röhrs 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), so it is possible that the eggs which took a year to hatch did not receive the appropriate wet/dry regime.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="938C6559FF93733B26B2F965FE03CA44" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="218" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="DB2936D2FF93733A26B2F965FB04CF0E" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,2019]" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">
|
||
First instar nymphs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="43AD2A57FF93733A27D8F965FD9CCE9F" box="[429,524,1706,1731]" captionStart="FIGURES 120 – 129" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1742,1764]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,213,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1436,213,1704]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 120 – 129. Living specimens. 120 Colossopus grandidieri, older (swollen) egg. Captive stock. © G. J. N. González, 121 Colossopus grandidieri, recently hatched 1 st instar nymph. Captive stock. © G. J. N. González, 122 Colossopus grandidieri, late instar male nymph. Captive stock. © G. J. N. González, 123 Colossopus grandidieri, final instar female nymph. Captive stock. © G. J. N. González, 124 Colossopus grandidieri, adult female. Captive stock. © G. J. N. González, 125 Colossopus grandidieri, threat display of adult female, near village of Mangily, Toliara Province. 15.3. 2015. © M. Bader, 126 Colossopus grandidieri, adult male, near village of Mangily, Toliara Province. 19.11. 2004. © G. W. Beccaloni, 127 frontal view of head of the previous individual. © G. W. Beccaloni, 128 Colossopus redtenbacheri, adult female, Berenty Private Reserve, Toliara Province, 4.12. 2004. © G. W. Beccaloni, 129 Spiny forest near village of Mangily, Toliara Province in November 2004, close to where the second author collected Colossopus grandidieri and Oncodopus brongniarti. © G. W. Beccaloni." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1039552/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Fig. 121</figureCitation>
|
||
) measure
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E2EAC0FF93733A240AF963FD0ACE9F" box="[639,666,1708,1731]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">ca</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<quantity id="1C6E9B37FF93733A24D2F964FD71CE9F" box="[679,737,1707,1731]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" unit="mm" value="8.0">8mm</quantity>
|
||
in body length (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BF074B23FF93733A25E2F965FBA1CE9F" author="Tanzler, R." box="[919,1073,1706,1731]" journalOrPublisher="Available from" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" pagination="2017" part="3" publicationUrl="https://wildesgaestezimmer.wordpress.com/2012" refString="Tanzler, R. (2012) Zur haltung von Colossopus grandidieri. Available from: https: // wildesgaestezimmer. wordpress. com / 2012 / 10 / 03 / zur-haltung-von-colossopus-grandidieri (accessed 3 July 2017)" title="Zur haltung von Colossopus grandidieri" type="journal article" year="2012">Tänzler 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), are dark brown/black, and lack the turquoise markings on their hind- and midlegs which third instar and older nymphs and adults have. Third instar and older nymphs have pale markings on their pronota, legs and tergites (
|
||
<figureCitation id="43AD2A57FF93733A226DF93DFB2ECF57" box="[1048,1214,1778,1803]" captionStart="FIGURES 120 – 129" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1742,1764]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,213,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1436,213,1704]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 120 – 129. Living specimens. 120 Colossopus grandidieri, older (swollen) egg. Captive stock. © G. J. N. González, 121 Colossopus grandidieri, recently hatched 1 st instar nymph. Captive stock. © G. J. N. González, 122 Colossopus grandidieri, late instar male nymph. Captive stock. © G. J. N. González, 123 Colossopus grandidieri, final instar female nymph. Captive stock. © G. J. N. González, 124 Colossopus grandidieri, adult female. Captive stock. © G. J. N. González, 125 Colossopus grandidieri, threat display of adult female, near village of Mangily, Toliara Province. 15.3. 2015. © M. Bader, 126 Colossopus grandidieri, adult male, near village of Mangily, Toliara Province. 19.11. 2004. © G. W. Beccaloni, 127 frontal view of head of the previous individual. © G. W. Beccaloni, 128 Colossopus redtenbacheri, adult female, Berenty Private Reserve, Toliara Province, 4.12. 2004. © G. W. Beccaloni, 129 Spiny forest near village of Mangily, Toliara Province in November 2004, close to where the second author collected Colossopus grandidieri and Oncodopus brongniarti. © G. W. Beccaloni." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1039552/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Figs. 122–123</figureCitation>
|
||
), whereas, in adults these markings are replaced by black (
|
||
<figureCitation id="43AD2A57FF93733A2430F8D9FD7ACF73" box="[581,746,1814,1839]" captionStart="FIGURES 120 – 129" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1742,1764]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,213,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1436,213,1704]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 120 – 129. Living specimens. 120 Colossopus grandidieri, older (swollen) egg. Captive stock. © G. J. N. González, 121 Colossopus grandidieri, recently hatched 1 st instar nymph. Captive stock. © G. J. N. González, 122 Colossopus grandidieri, late instar male nymph. Captive stock. © G. J. N. González, 123 Colossopus grandidieri, final instar female nymph. Captive stock. © G. J. N. González, 124 Colossopus grandidieri, adult female. Captive stock. © G. J. N. González, 125 Colossopus grandidieri, threat display of adult female, near village of Mangily, Toliara Province. 15.3. 2015. © M. Bader, 126 Colossopus grandidieri, adult male, near village of Mangily, Toliara Province. 19.11. 2004. © G. W. Beccaloni, 127 frontal view of head of the previous individual. © G. W. Beccaloni, 128 Colossopus redtenbacheri, adult female, Berenty Private Reserve, Toliara Province, 4.12. 2004. © G. W. Beccaloni, 129 Spiny forest near village of Mangily, Toliara Province in November 2004, close to where the second author collected Colossopus grandidieri and Oncodopus brongniarti. © G. W. Beccaloni." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1039552/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">Figs. 124, 126</figureCitation>
|
||
). Nymphs take 4–5 months to reach adulthood and adults can live for about six months (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BF074B23FF93733A27C8F8F5FDC9CF0F" author="Tanzler, R." box="[445,601,1850,1875]" journalOrPublisher="Available from" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" pagination="2017" part="3" publicationUrl="https://wildesgaestezimmer.wordpress.com/2012" refString="Tanzler, R. (2012) Zur haltung von Colossopus grandidieri. Available from: https: // wildesgaestezimmer. wordpress. com / 2012 / 10 / 03 / zur-haltung-von-colossopus-grandidieri (accessed 3 July 2017)" title="Zur haltung von Colossopus grandidieri" type="journal article" year="2012">Tänzler 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is unclear how many nymphal instars there are.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DB2936D2FF93733B26B2F890FEB7C889" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,2019]" lastBlockId="25.[151,1437,151,536]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="218" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1C964D51FF93733A26B2F890FEF7CF2B" authorityName=": Saussure" authorityYear="1899" box="[199,359,1886,1911]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Colossopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandidieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E2EAC0FF93733A26B2F890FEF7CF2B" box="[199,359,1886,1911]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">C. grandidieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is nocturnal and first and second instar nymphs hide singly in holes in dead bark during the day (Guillermo González, pers. commun., 2017). Older nymphs and adults will rest together during the day in groups, but smaller individuals may be eaten by larger ones (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BF074B23FF93733A2564F869FC21CFE3" author="Tanzler, R." box="[785,945,1958,1983]" journalOrPublisher="Available from" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" pagination="2017" part="3" publicationUrl="https://wildesgaestezimmer.wordpress.com/2012" refString="Tanzler, R. (2012) Zur haltung von Colossopus grandidieri. Available from: https: // wildesgaestezimmer. wordpress. com / 2012 / 10 / 03 / zur-haltung-von-colossopus-grandidieri (accessed 3 July 2017)" title="Zur haltung von Colossopus grandidieri" type="journal article" year="2012">Tänzler 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In their natural habitat adults of several species, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1C964D51FF93733A2712F804FD97CFBF" authorityName=": Saussure" authorityYear="1899" box="[359,519,1994,2019]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Colossopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandidieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E2EAC0FF93733A2712F804FD97CFBF" box="[359,519,1994,2019]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="217">C. grandidieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, have been observed to rest by day as male-female pairs, never in groups of more than two individuals (see Discussion), so the aggregations seen in captivity may be the result of a lack of harbourages.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DB2936D2FF92733B26B2FF10FE03CA44" blockId="25.[151,1437,151,536]" pageId="25" pageNumber="218">
|
||
Adult males and females have very similar colouration, except that the labrum of the male is yellow-orange (
|
||
<figureCitation id="43AD2A57FF92733B26EAFECBFE93C940" box="[159,259,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 120 – 129" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1742,1764]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,213,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1436,213,1704]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 120 – 129. Living specimens. 120 Colossopus grandidieri, older (swollen) egg. Captive stock. © G. J. N. González, 121 Colossopus grandidieri, recently hatched 1 st instar nymph. Captive stock. © G. J. N. González, 122 Colossopus grandidieri, late instar male nymph. Captive stock. © G. J. N. González, 123 Colossopus grandidieri, final instar female nymph. Captive stock. © G. J. N. González, 124 Colossopus grandidieri, adult female. Captive stock. © G. J. N. González, 125 Colossopus grandidieri, threat display of adult female, near village of Mangily, Toliara Province. 15.3. 2015. © M. Bader, 126 Colossopus grandidieri, adult male, near village of Mangily, Toliara Province. 19.11. 2004. © G. W. Beccaloni, 127 frontal view of head of the previous individual. © G. W. Beccaloni, 128 Colossopus redtenbacheri, adult female, Berenty Private Reserve, Toliara Province, 4.12. 2004. © G. W. Beccaloni, 129 Spiny forest near village of Mangily, Toliara Province in November 2004, close to where the second author collected Colossopus grandidieri and Oncodopus brongniarti. © G. W. Beccaloni." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1039552/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="218">Fig. 127</figureCitation>
|
||
), whilst that of the female is orange-red (
|
||
<figureCitation id="43AD2A57FF92733B2496FECBFCD7C941" box="[739,839,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 120 – 129" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1742,1764]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,213,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1436,213,1704]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 120 – 129. Living specimens. 120 Colossopus grandidieri, older (swollen) egg. Captive stock. © G. J. N. González, 121 Colossopus grandidieri, recently hatched 1 st instar nymph. Captive stock. © G. J. N. González, 122 Colossopus grandidieri, late instar male nymph. Captive stock. © G. J. N. González, 123 Colossopus grandidieri, final instar female nymph. Captive stock. © G. J. N. González, 124 Colossopus grandidieri, adult female. Captive stock. © G. J. N. González, 125 Colossopus grandidieri, threat display of adult female, near village of Mangily, Toliara Province. 15.3. 2015. © M. Bader, 126 Colossopus grandidieri, adult male, near village of Mangily, Toliara Province. 19.11. 2004. © G. W. Beccaloni, 127 frontal view of head of the previous individual. © G. W. Beccaloni, 128 Colossopus redtenbacheri, adult female, Berenty Private Reserve, Toliara Province, 4.12. 2004. © G. W. Beccaloni, 129 Spiny forest near village of Mangily, Toliara Province in November 2004, close to where the second author collected Colossopus grandidieri and Oncodopus brongniarti. © G. W. Beccaloni." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1039552/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="218">Fig. 125</figureCitation>
|
||
). When disturbed adults and larger nymphs rear up, open their mandibles and raise and spread their forelegs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="43AD2A57FF92733B2543FEE8FC0BC91C" box="[822,923,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 120 – 129" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1742,1764]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,213,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1436,213,1704]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 120 – 129. Living specimens. 120 Colossopus grandidieri, older (swollen) egg. Captive stock. © G. J. N. González, 121 Colossopus grandidieri, recently hatched 1 st instar nymph. Captive stock. © G. J. N. González, 122 Colossopus grandidieri, late instar male nymph. Captive stock. © G. J. N. González, 123 Colossopus grandidieri, final instar female nymph. Captive stock. © G. J. N. González, 124 Colossopus grandidieri, adult female. Captive stock. © G. J. N. González, 125 Colossopus grandidieri, threat display of adult female, near village of Mangily, Toliara Province. 15.3. 2015. © M. Bader, 126 Colossopus grandidieri, adult male, near village of Mangily, Toliara Province. 19.11. 2004. © G. W. Beccaloni, 127 frontal view of head of the previous individual. © G. W. Beccaloni, 128 Colossopus redtenbacheri, adult female, Berenty Private Reserve, Toliara Province, 4.12. 2004. © G. W. Beccaloni, 129 Spiny forest near village of Mangily, Toliara Province in November 2004, close to where the second author collected Colossopus grandidieri and Oncodopus brongniarti. © G. W. Beccaloni." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1039552/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="218">Fig. 125</figureCitation>
|
||
). Adult males stridulate loudly when in this defensive position (George Beccaloni, pers. obs.;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BF074B23FF92733B249DFE83FC16C938" author="Tanzler, R." box="[744,902,332,357]" journalOrPublisher="Available from" pageId="25" pageNumber="218" pagination="2017" part="3" publicationUrl="https://wildesgaestezimmer.wordpress.com/2012" refString="Tanzler, R. (2012) Zur haltung von Colossopus grandidieri. Available from: https: // wildesgaestezimmer. wordpress. com / 2012 / 10 / 03 / zur-haltung-von-colossopus-grandidieri (accessed 3 July 2017)" title="Zur haltung von Colossopus grandidieri" type="journal article" year="2012">Tänzler 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Guillermo González, pers. commun., 2017), whereas the adult females do not make any audible sound (Martin Bader, pers. commun., 2017; Guillermo González, pers. commun., 2017). If an aggressor approaches closely enough the insect will attempt to grab it with its forelegs and bite it. The threat display of only one other species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1C964D51FF92733B25FEFE77FBBDC98C" box="[907,1069,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Oncodopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brongniarti">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E2EAC0FF92733B25FEFE77FBBDC98C" box="[907,1069,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="218">O. brongniarti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, has been observed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="43AD2A57FF92733B2362FE78FAE8C98C" box="[1303,1400,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURES 112 – 119" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1761,1783]" captionTargetBox="[182,1406,193,1744]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[182,1406,193,1744]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 112 – 119. Living specimens. 112 Oncodopus zonatus, adult male, natural resting posture, Zombitse – Vohibasia National Park, Toliara Province. 17.11. 2004. © G. W. Beccaloni, 113 Oncodopus janetae, adult female, Mangatsiaka parcel, Andohahela National Park, Toliara Province. 30.11. 2004. © S. Stammers, 114 Oncodopus brongniarti, adult female, near village of Mangily, Toliara Province. 11.11. 2004. © G. W. Beccaloni, 115 Oncodopus brongniarti, threat display of adult female, near village of Mangily, Toliara Province. 30.12. 2015. © M. Bader, 116 Oncodopus brongniarti, adult pair, natural resting postures, Belo Sur Mer, Toliara Province. 22.11. 2007. © J. Beccaloni, 117 Oncodopus saussurei, adult female, beside R. N. 7 south of Ambohimahasoa, Fianarantsoa Province. 13.11. 2004. © S. Stammers, 118 Malagasopus desutterae, male nymph, 80 km north of Tulear, near village of Ankililoaka, Toliara Province. 6.2008 © O. Pronk, 119 Colossopus grandidieri, eggs: newly laid eggs lower right; older (swollen) eggs upper left. Captive stock. © G. J. N. González." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1039550/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="218">Fig. 115</figureCitation>
|
||
). It was an adult female and the defensive display was the same as that of the female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1C964D51FF92733B223CFE12FB7BC9A9" authorityName=": Saussure" authorityYear="1899" box="[1097,1259,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Colossopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandidieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9E2EAC0FF92733B223CFE12FB7BC9A9" box="[1097,1259,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="218">C. grandidieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Martin Bader, pers. commun., 2017).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |