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<document id="B49D64B76D5775D75241C82CC45C50B6" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.273236" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4f4a4fa3-d93e-4c4a-b4ff-3b31e77714b0" ID-ISSN="1175­5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="273236" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459745456225" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lopes-Andrade, Cristiano &amp; Lawrence, John F." docDate="2005" docId="532A3039887E0832FE8B0550FAA23A6E" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01034p060.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1034" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Phellinocis Lopes-Andrade &amp; Lawrence" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="48" masterDocId="AF134841887D0837FF83017EFFA63D20" masterDocTitle="Phellinocis, a new genus of Neotropical Ciidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea)" masterLastPageNumber="60" masterPageNumber="43" pageNumber="46" updateTime="1698209632125" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="F2E9CDED8DD3BAE74A351FF45DE1F92D" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="0ABBB8AA8F5BF4834625318067168390">
<mods:title id="CE89E1AA576AAAA424982F3DD947A451">Phellinocis, a new genus of Neotropical Ciidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="0DC3AD55984AB3CE90EEFA4695DCA0E4" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="9C4CAD7865DE8EC64BAAB2AD7148EB21">Lopes-Andrade, Cristiano</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="CF50E31575509674EBBAF4CC844D6E5F" type="personal">
<mods:role id="8222E9A31CC89325793EC49E672DE6D0">
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<mods:namePart id="F724D49ECFF42433EFD4B5681907116D">Lawrence, John F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="09FD05502DB327F7B916E25601FB87C3">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="11F7CE603B80EA277D29057D16DEDAE3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="19BBB9128A5BE1E24BBCDD4E43BAFE6E">
<mods:date id="539697C9346B97B0D62542D04DEC5B5B">2005</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="C51D909D7F0A266EE1A3D4ACC8A5D931" type="volume">
<mods:number id="E3E32FCA601BE70AB93A54C2B0CFA15A">1034</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="7695E403AE07F61D5D09644118109A91">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="F4F8D4483E1024527B8D3D9FC32E31C9" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.273236</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C33E81B6FE36FCC493508386FCD48EC6" type="GBIF-Dataset">4f4a4fa3-d93e-4c4a-b4ff-3b31e77714b0</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B950ABAC50E20F3EBCC5B4B2DBF2DCBE" type="ISSN">1175­5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="69A3F59DB21D8E133409D0AEE19326F5" type="Zenodo-Dep">273236</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="532A3039887E0832FE8B0550FAA23A6E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6266760" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119335702" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6266760" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:532A3039887E0832FE8B0550FAA23A6E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/532A3039887E0832FE8B0550FAA23A6E" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
<subSubSection id="9399D2A4887E0834FE8B0550FE36394B" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="DB3C812F887E0834FE8B0550FCFB3968" blockId="3.[264,861,1070,1131]" box="[264,861,1070,1096]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
<heading id="80743643887E0834FE8B0550FCFB3968" bold="true" box="[264,861,1070,1096]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" reason="1">
<emphasis id="E9F75D3D887E0834FE8B0550FCFB3968" bold="true" box="[264,861,1070,1096]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
<taxonomicName id="1C83FAAC887E0834FE8B0550FD583968" authority="Lopes-Andrade &amp; Lawrence" authorityName="Lopes-Andrade &amp; Lawrence" box="[264,766,1070,1096]" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Phellinocis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E9F75D3D887E0834FE8B0550FE293968" bold="true" box="[264,399,1070,1096]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Phellinocis</emphasis>
Lopes­Andrade &amp; Lawrence
</taxonomicName>
, gen. n.
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DB3C812F887E0834FE8B052FFE36394B" blockId="3.[264,861,1070,1131]" box="[264,400,1105,1131]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
(
<figureCitation id="43B89DAA887E0834FE93052FFE21394B" box="[272,391,1105,1131]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStart-2="FIGURES 6 – 11" captionStart-3="FIGURES 12 – 15" captionStart-4="FIGURE 16" captionStart-5="FIGURES 17 – 20" captionStart-6="FIGURE 21" captionStartId-0="7.[264,383,1569,1593]" captionStartId-1="8.[264,367,1509,1533]" captionStartId-2="10.[264,383,1731,1755]" captionStartId-3="11.[264,382,1003,1027]" captionStartId-4="12.[264,368,1108,1132]" captionStartId-5="13.[264,383,1324,1348]" captionStartId-6="14.[264,368,1466,1490]" captionTargetBox-0="[264,1323,846,1545]" captionTargetBox-1="[288,1323,686,1484]" captionTargetBox-2="[264,1323,649,1705]" captionTargetBox-3="[264,1322,283,979]" captionTargetBox-4="[264,1322,283,1078]" captionTargetBox-5="[264,1323,601,1300]" captionTargetBox-6="[264,1323,649,1446]" captionTargetId-0="figure@7.[264,1323,846,1545]" captionTargetId-1="figure@8.[264,1323,686,1485]" captionTargetId-2="figure@10.[264,1323,649,1705]" captionTargetId-3="figure@11.[264,1323,281,980]" captionTargetId-4="figure@12.[264,1323,281,1080]" captionTargetId-5="figure@13.[264,1323,601,1300]" captionTargetId-6="figure@14.[264,1323,649,1448]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionTargetPageId-2="10" captionTargetPageId-3="11" captionTargetPageId-4="12" captionTargetPageId-5="13" captionTargetPageId-6="14" captionText-0="FIGURES 1 – 4. Phellinocis erwini sp. nov., male. 1. Body, dorsal view. 2. Anterior part of pronotum and head, dorsal view. 3. Part of elytra (arrow), pterothorax and abdomen, ventral view. 4. Base of abdomen, ventral view, showing setal patch (arrow). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (Fig. 1); 0.1 mm (Figs. 2, 4); 0.3 mm (Fig. 3)." captionText-1="FIGURE 5. Phellinocis erwini sp. nov., male genitalia showing the ninth segment (ix), basal piece (bp), tegmen (teg) and median lobe (ml). Scale bar: 0.1 mm." captionText-2="FIGURES 6 – 11. Phellinocis romualdoi sp. nov., male (if not specified). 6. Body, dorsal view. 7. Anterior part of pronotum and head, dorsal view. 8. Female antenna (arrow pointing to sensillifer on apical antennomere). 9. Antennae of male (A) and female (antennomeres 7 and 8 missing) (B). 10. Prosternum, showing the laminate prosternal process (arrow). 11. Protibia, showing two teeth at outer apex (arrow). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (Fig. 6); 0.1 mm (Fig. 7 – 11)." captionText-3="FIGURES 12 – 15. Phellinocis romualdoi sp. nov., male (if not specified). 12. Part of elytra (arrow) and abdomen, ventral view. 13. Base of abdomen, ventral view, showing setal patch (arrow). 14. Male setal patch (arrow). 15. Female setal patch (arrow). Scale bars: 0.3 mm (Fig. 12); 0.1 mm (Fig. 13); 0.5 mm (Figs. 14 – 15)." captionText-4="FIGURE 16. Phellinocis romualdoi sp. nov., male genitalia showing eighth sternite (viii­S), ninth segment (ix), basal piece (bp), tegmen (teg) and median lobe (ml). Note enlarged, hooked apices of" captionText-5="FIGURES 17 – 20. Phellinocis thayerae sp. nov., male. 17. Body, dorsal view. 18. Anterior part of pronotum and head, dorsal view. 19. Part of elytra (arrow) and abdomen, ventral view. 20. Base of abdomen, ventral view, showing setal patch (arrow). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (Fig. 17); 0.1 mm (Figs. 18, 20); 0.3 mm (Fig. 19)." captionText-6="FIGURE 21. Phellinocis thayerae sp. nov., male genitalia showing the ninth segment (ix), tegmen (teg) and median lobe (ml). Arrow pointing to apex of tegmen. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/273237/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/273238/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/273239/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/273240/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/273241/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/273242/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/273243/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Figs 1–21</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9399D2A4887E0834FE8B05EAFD51398E" box="[264,759,1172,1198]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DB3C812F887E0834FE8B05EAFD51398E" blockId="3.[264,759,1172,1198]" box="[264,759,1172,1198]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
<typeStatus id="04383F8D887E0834FE8B05EAFEE4398E" box="[264,322,1172,1198]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Type</typeStatus>
species.
<taxonomicName id="1C83FAAC887E0834FE2E05EAFD17398D" box="[429,689,1172,1197]" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Phellinocis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="romualdoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E9F75D3D887E0834FE2E05EAFD17398D" box="[429,689,1172,1197]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Phellinocis romualdoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F2C4E046887E0834FD3B05EAFD51398E" box="[696,759,1172,1198]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9399D2A4887E0834FE8B05A7FEC738C3" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="DB3C812F887E0834FE8B05A7FED939D2" blockId="3.[264,1322,1241,1507]" box="[264,383,1241,1266]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="E9F75D3D887E0834FE8B05A7FED939D2" box="[264,383,1241,1266]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DB3C812F887E0834FEBB047FFEC738C3" blockId="3.[264,1322,1241,1507]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
The genus may be distinguished by the combination of oblong, highly convex, subglabrous body (
<figureCitation id="43B89DAA887E0834FE1F0457FE4E3863" box="[412,488,1321,1347]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="7.[264,383,1569,1593]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,846,1545]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[264,1323,846,1545]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Phellinocis erwini sp. nov., male. 1. Body, dorsal view. 2. Anterior part of pronotum and head, dorsal view. 3. Part of elytra (arrow), pterothorax and abdomen, ventral view. 4. Base of abdomen, ventral view, showing setal patch (arrow). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (Fig. 1); 0.1 mm (Figs. 2, 4); 0.3 mm (Fig. 3)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273237/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="43B89DAA887E0834FE740457FDAE3863" box="[503,520,1321,1347]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 11" captionStartId="10.[264,383,1731,1755]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,649,1705]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[264,1323,649,1705]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 11. Phellinocis romualdoi sp. nov., male (if not specified). 6. Body, dorsal view. 7. Anterior part of pronotum and head, dorsal view. 8. Female antenna (arrow pointing to sensillifer on apical antennomere). 9. Antennae of male (A) and female (antennomeres 7 and 8 missing) (B). 10. Prosternum, showing the laminate prosternal process (arrow). 11. Protibia, showing two teeth at outer apex (arrow). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (Fig. 6); 0.1 mm (Fig. 7 – 11)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273239/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="43B89DAA887E0834FD950457FD903863" box="[534,566,1321,1347]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 – 20" captionStartId="13.[264,383,1324,1348]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,601,1300]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[264,1323,601,1300]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 17 – 20. Phellinocis thayerae sp. nov., male. 17. Body, dorsal view. 18. Anterior part of pronotum and head, dorsal view. 19. Part of elytra (arrow) and abdomen, ventral view. 20. Base of abdomen, ventral view, showing setal patch (arrow). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (Fig. 17); 0.1 mm (Figs. 18, 20); 0.3 mm (Fig. 19)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273242/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">17</figureCitation>
), strongly declined, convex to slightly concave and often fluted elytral apices (
<figureCitation id="43B89DAA887E0834FE3B042FFDA3384B" box="[440,517,1361,1387]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="7.[264,383,1569,1593]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,846,1545]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[264,1323,846,1545]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Phellinocis erwini sp. nov., male. 1. Body, dorsal view. 2. Anterior part of pronotum and head, dorsal view. 3. Part of elytra (arrow), pterothorax and abdomen, ventral view. 4. Base of abdomen, ventral view, showing setal patch (arrow). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (Fig. 1); 0.1 mm (Figs. 2, 4); 0.3 mm (Fig. 3)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273237/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Figs 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="43B89DAA887E0834FD96042FFD93384B" box="[533,565,1361,1387]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 15" captionStartId="11.[264,382,1003,1027]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,283,979]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[264,1323,281,980]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 15. Phellinocis romualdoi sp. nov., male (if not specified). 12. Part of elytra (arrow) and abdomen, ventral view. 13. Base of abdomen, ventral view, showing setal patch (arrow). 14. Male setal patch (arrow). 15. Female setal patch (arrow). Scale bars: 0.3 mm (Fig. 12); 0.1 mm (Fig. 13); 0.5 mm (Figs. 14 – 15)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273240/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">12</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="43B89DAA887E0834FDC7042FFDC5384B" box="[580,611,1361,1387]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 – 20" captionStartId="13.[264,383,1324,1348]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,601,1300]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[264,1323,601,1300]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 17 – 20. Phellinocis thayerae sp. nov., male. 17. Body, dorsal view. 18. Anterior part of pronotum and head, dorsal view. 19. Part of elytra (arrow) and abdomen, ventral view. 20. Base of abdomen, ventral view, showing setal patch (arrow). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (Fig. 17); 0.1 mm (Figs. 18, 20); 0.3 mm (Fig. 19)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273242/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">19</figureCitation>
, arrows), 8­ or 9­segmented antennae (
<figureCitation id="43B89DAA887E0834FBB8042FFB23384B" box="[1083,1157,1361,1387]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 11" captionStartId="10.[264,383,1731,1755]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,649,1705]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[264,1323,649,1705]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 11. Phellinocis romualdoi sp. nov., male (if not specified). 6. Body, dorsal view. 7. Anterior part of pronotum and head, dorsal view. 8. Female antenna (arrow pointing to sensillifer on apical antennomere). 9. Antennae of male (A) and female (antennomeres 7 and 8 missing) (B). 10. Prosternum, showing the laminate prosternal process (arrow). 11. Protibia, showing two teeth at outer apex (arrow). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (Fig. 6); 0.1 mm (Fig. 7 – 11)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273239/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
, A–B), short, concave prosternum with laminate prosternal process (
<figureCitation id="43B89DAA887E0834FC080407FC4438B3" box="[907,994,1401,1427]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 11" captionStartId="10.[264,383,1731,1755]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,649,1705]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[264,1323,649,1705]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 11. Phellinocis romualdoi sp. nov., male (if not specified). 6. Body, dorsal view. 7. Anterior part of pronotum and head, dorsal view. 8. Female antenna (arrow pointing to sensillifer on apical antennomere). 9. Antennae of male (A) and female (antennomeres 7 and 8 missing) (B). 10. Prosternum, showing the laminate prosternal process (arrow). 11. Protibia, showing two teeth at outer apex (arrow). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (Fig. 6); 0.1 mm (Fig. 7 – 11)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273239/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
, arrow), and tibia with simple outer edge and two stout teeth at outer apical angle (
<figureCitation id="43B89DAA887E0834FC3404DFFBA8389B" box="[951,1038,1441,1467]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 11" captionStartId="10.[264,383,1731,1755]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,649,1705]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[264,1323,649,1705]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 11. Phellinocis romualdoi sp. nov., male (if not specified). 6. Body, dorsal view. 7. Anterior part of pronotum and head, dorsal view. 8. Female antenna (arrow pointing to sensillifer on apical antennomere). 9. Antennae of male (A) and female (antennomeres 7 and 8 missing) (B). 10. Prosternum, showing the laminate prosternal process (arrow). 11. Protibia, showing two teeth at outer apex (arrow). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (Fig. 6); 0.1 mm (Fig. 7 – 11)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273239/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
, arrow) (see comments below).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9399D2A4887E0833FE8B076AFC4C3986" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" type="description">
<paragraph id="DB3C812F887E0834FE8B076AFE343B0D" blockId="3.[264,1325,1556,1902]" box="[264,402,1556,1581]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="E9F75D3D887E0834FE8B076AFE343B0D" box="[264,402,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DB3C812F887E0833FEBB0742FC4C3986" blockId="3.[264,1325,1556,1902]" lastBlockId="4.[264,1325,284,1190]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
Length
<quantity id="1C7B2CCA887E0834FE170742FE5C3B76" box="[404,506,1596,1622]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
. Body oblong, between 1.8 and 2.3 X as long as wide, strongly convex (GD/EW = 0.75–0.95), subglabrous, vestiture consisting of minute hairs not visible at lower magnifications. Antennae 8­ or 9­segmented (
<figureCitation id="43B89DAA887E0834FCE807F2FC143B86" box="[875,946,1676,1702]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 11" captionStartId="10.[264,383,1731,1755]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,649,1705]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[264,1323,649,1705]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 11. Phellinocis romualdoi sp. nov., male (if not specified). 6. Body, dorsal view. 7. Anterior part of pronotum and head, dorsal view. 8. Female antenna (arrow pointing to sensillifer on apical antennomere). 9. Antennae of male (A) and female (antennomeres 7 and 8 missing) (B). 10. Prosternum, showing the laminate prosternal process (arrow). 11. Protibia, showing two teeth at outer apex (arrow). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (Fig. 6); 0.1 mm (Fig. 7 – 11)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273239/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
, A–B), with loose, 3­segmented club; each segment of the antennal club bearing four sensillifers formed by a group of long and fusiform, not well­organized sensilla (
<figureCitation id="43B89DAA887E0834FC8B07A2FCF43BD6" box="[776,850,1756,1782]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 11" captionStartId="10.[264,383,1731,1755]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,649,1705]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[264,1323,649,1705]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 11. Phellinocis romualdoi sp. nov., male (if not specified). 6. Body, dorsal view. 7. Anterior part of pronotum and head, dorsal view. 8. Female antenna (arrow pointing to sensillifer on apical antennomere). 9. Antennae of male (A) and female (antennomeres 7 and 8 missing) (B). 10. Prosternum, showing the laminate prosternal process (arrow). 11. Protibia, showing two teeth at outer apex (arrow). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (Fig. 6); 0.1 mm (Fig. 7 – 11)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273239/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
, arrow). Frontoclypeal region in males concave and shiny with anterior edge distinctly elevated to form two or four teeth or two plates (
<figureCitation id="43B89DAA887E0834FEE30652FE173A66" box="[352,433,1836,1862]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="7.[264,383,1569,1593]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,846,1545]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[264,1323,846,1545]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Phellinocis erwini sp. nov., male. 1. Body, dorsal view. 2. Anterior part of pronotum and head, dorsal view. 3. Part of elytra (arrow), pterothorax and abdomen, ventral view. 4. Base of abdomen, ventral view, showing setal patch (arrow). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (Fig. 1); 0.1 mm (Figs. 2, 4); 0.3 mm (Fig. 3)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273237/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Figs 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="43B89DAA887E0834FE410652FE743A66" box="[450,466,1836,1862]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 11" captionStartId="10.[264,383,1731,1755]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,649,1705]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[264,1323,649,1705]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 11. Phellinocis romualdoi sp. nov., male (if not specified). 6. Body, dorsal view. 7. Anterior part of pronotum and head, dorsal view. 8. Female antenna (arrow pointing to sensillifer on apical antennomere). 9. Antennae of male (A) and female (antennomeres 7 and 8 missing) (B). 10. Prosternum, showing the laminate prosternal process (arrow). 11. Protibia, showing two teeth at outer apex (arrow). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (Fig. 6); 0.1 mm (Fig. 7 – 11)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273239/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">7</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="43B89DAA887E0834FE600652FDA53A66" box="[483,515,1836,1862]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 – 20" captionStartId="13.[264,383,1324,1348]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,601,1300]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[264,1323,601,1300]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 17 – 20. Phellinocis thayerae sp. nov., male. 17. Body, dorsal view. 18. Anterior part of pronotum and head, dorsal view. 19. Part of elytra (arrow) and abdomen, ventral view. 20. Base of abdomen, ventral view, showing setal patch (arrow). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (Fig. 17); 0.1 mm (Figs. 18, 20); 0.3 mm (Fig. 19)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273242/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">18</figureCitation>
). Lateral pronotal carinae very narrow, not visible for their entire lengths from above; anterior pronotal angles rounded or slightly angulate, not produced forward. Anterior edge of pronotum in males produced to form short, emarginate plate, paired tubercles or paired diverging horns, the disc behind these more or less concave (
<figureCitation id="43B89DAA88790833FE930012FEF83CA6" box="[272,350,364,390]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="7.[264,383,1569,1593]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,846,1545]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[264,1323,846,1545]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Phellinocis erwini sp. nov., male. 1. Body, dorsal view. 2. Anterior part of pronotum and head, dorsal view. 3. Part of elytra (arrow), pterothorax and abdomen, ventral view. 4. Base of abdomen, ventral view, showing setal patch (arrow). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (Fig. 1); 0.1 mm (Figs. 2, 4); 0.3 mm (Fig. 3)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273237/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Figs 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="43B89DAA88790833FEE80012FEDA3CA6" box="[363,380,364,390]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 11" captionStartId="10.[264,383,1731,1755]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,649,1705]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[264,1323,649,1705]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 11. Phellinocis romualdoi sp. nov., male (if not specified). 6. Body, dorsal view. 7. Anterior part of pronotum and head, dorsal view. 8. Female antenna (arrow pointing to sensillifer on apical antennomere). 9. Antennae of male (A) and female (antennomeres 7 and 8 missing) (B). 10. Prosternum, showing the laminate prosternal process (arrow). 11. Protibia, showing two teeth at outer apex (arrow). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (Fig. 6); 0.1 mm (Fig. 7 – 11)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273239/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">7</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="43B89DAA88790833FE0A0012FE0F3CA6" box="[393,425,364,390]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 – 20" captionStartId="13.[264,383,1324,1348]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,601,1300]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[264,1323,601,1300]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 17 – 20. Phellinocis thayerae sp. nov., male. 17. Body, dorsal view. 18. Anterior part of pronotum and head, dorsal view. 19. Part of elytra (arrow) and abdomen, ventral view. 20. Base of abdomen, ventral view, showing setal patch (arrow). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (Fig. 17); 0.1 mm (Figs. 18, 20); 0.3 mm (Fig. 19)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273242/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">18</figureCitation>
); paired tubercles sometimes present in females. Scutellum well developed. Elytra steeply sloping laterally and posteriorly convex and almost vertical to slightly concave; often somewhat flared apically and with weak posterolateral carinae, forming pseudepipleura below and elytral declivity above and behind; longitudinal carinae absent; suture not apically deflexed; punctation dual, seriate or not. Procoxae transverse but somewhat conical and projecting, with distinct apical plate partly concealing base of trochanter; prosternum in front of coxae short and concave, on different plane than prosternal process which is laminate (
<figureCitation id="43B89DAA88790833FE7203FAFDEC3FBE" box="[497,586,644,670]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 11" captionStartId="10.[264,383,1731,1755]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,649,1705]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[264,1323,649,1705]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 11. Phellinocis romualdoi sp. nov., male (if not specified). 6. Body, dorsal view. 7. Anterior part of pronotum and head, dorsal view. 8. Female antenna (arrow pointing to sensillifer on apical antennomere). 9. Antennae of male (A) and female (antennomeres 7 and 8 missing) (B). 10. Prosternum, showing the laminate prosternal process (arrow). 11. Protibia, showing two teeth at outer apex (arrow). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (Fig. 6); 0.1 mm (Fig. 7 – 11)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273239/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
, arrow); procoxal cavities narrowly open or narrowly closed behind. Mesoventrite slightly convex, simple, anterior edge on slightly different plane than metaventrite, with narrow prothoracic rest continuing on each side across metepisterna; mesoventral process incomplete, apically acute; mesocoxal cavities confluent. Metaventrite half as long at midline as greatest width; strongly convex without discrimen.
<collectingCountry id="A394C1BF88790833FB73025AFA8D3E1E" box="[1264,1323,804,830]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Hind</collectingCountry>
wing fully developed; apical field with two pigment patches, smaller one just beyond radial bar, larger one near apex; medial field with single vein and divided fleck (binding patch). Protibia with outer edge simple; outer apical angle with 2 stout teeth (
<figureCitation id="43B89DAA88790833FB4802E2FA833E96" box="[1227,1317,924,950]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 11" captionStartId="10.[264,383,1731,1755]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,649,1705]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[264,1323,649,1705]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 11. Phellinocis romualdoi sp. nov., male (if not specified). 6. Body, dorsal view. 7. Anterior part of pronotum and head, dorsal view. 8. Female antenna (arrow pointing to sensillifer on apical antennomere). 9. Antennae of male (A) and female (antennomeres 7 and 8 missing) (B). 10. Prosternum, showing the laminate prosternal process (arrow). 11. Protibia, showing two teeth at outer apex (arrow). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (Fig. 6); 0.1 mm (Fig. 7 – 11)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273239/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
, arrow); meso­ and metatibiae slightly expanded and finely spinose apically. Abdominal ventrite
<quantity id="1C7B2CCA88790833FEEC0292FE043926" box="[367,418,1004,1030]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
male with relatively small patch of glandular setae (
<figureCitation id="43B89DAA88790833FBBE0292FB293926" box="[1085,1167,1004,1030]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="7.[264,383,1569,1593]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,846,1545]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[264,1323,846,1545]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Phellinocis erwini sp. nov., male. 1. Body, dorsal view. 2. Anterior part of pronotum and head, dorsal view. 3. Part of elytra (arrow), pterothorax and abdomen, ventral view. 4. Base of abdomen, ventral view, showing setal patch (arrow). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (Fig. 1); 0.1 mm (Figs. 2, 4); 0.3 mm (Fig. 3)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273237/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Figs 4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="43B89DAA88790833FB210292FB523926" box="[1186,1268,1004,1030]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 15" captionStartId="11.[264,382,1003,1027]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,283,979]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[264,1323,281,980]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 15. Phellinocis romualdoi sp. nov., male (if not specified). 12. Part of elytra (arrow) and abdomen, ventral view. 13. Base of abdomen, ventral view, showing setal patch (arrow). 14. Male setal patch (arrow). 15. Female setal patch (arrow). Scale bars: 0.3 mm (Fig. 12); 0.1 mm (Fig. 13); 0.5 mm (Figs. 14 – 15)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273240/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">13, 14</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="43B89DAA88790833FA850292FA803926" box="[1286,1318,1004,1030]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 – 20" captionStartId="13.[264,383,1324,1348]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,601,1300]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[264,1323,601,1300]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 17 – 20. Phellinocis thayerae sp. nov., male. 17. Body, dorsal view. 18. Anterior part of pronotum and head, dorsal view. 19. Part of elytra (arrow) and abdomen, ventral view. 20. Base of abdomen, ventral view, showing setal patch (arrow). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (Fig. 17); 0.1 mm (Figs. 18, 20); 0.3 mm (Fig. 19)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273242/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">20</figureCitation>
, arrows). Eighth sternite broadly emarginate. Ninth segment U­shaped; each branch expanded outwardly at apex, forming a hook (
<figureCitation id="43B89DAA88790833FCAF0542FC223976" box="[812,900,1084,1110]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="12.[264,368,1108,1132]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,283,1078]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[264,1323,281,1080]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 16. Phellinocis romualdoi sp. nov., male genitalia showing eighth sternite (viii­S), ninth segment (ix), basal piece (bp), tegmen (teg) and median lobe (ml). Note enlarged, hooked apices of" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273241/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
, arrows). Aedeagus relatively small and simple in structure, generally not well pigmented. Tegmen as long as median lobe; papillae (sensilla basiconica) distributed mainly at their apices.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9399D2A488790833FE8B05A2FB7E384E" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="DB3C812F88790833FE8B05A2FE2339D5" blockId="4.[264,1323,1244,1390]" box="[264,389,1244,1269]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="E9F75D3D88790833FE8B05A2FE2339D5" box="[264,389,1244,1269]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Etymology</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DB3C812F88790833FEBB047AFB7E384E" blockId="4.[264,1323,1244,1390]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
The generic name is derived from
<taxonomicName id="1C83FAAC88790833FD54047AFCE0383D" box="[727,838,1284,1309]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hymenochaetaceae" genus="Phellinus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hymenochaetales" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E9F75D3D88790833FD54047AFCE0383D" box="[727,838,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Phellinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the major genus of host fungi, (derived from the Greek word
<emphasis id="E9F75D3D88790833FD8D0452FDC03865" box="[526,614,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Phellos</emphasis>
, bark, probably referring to the bark­like upper surfaces of the basidiocarps of most species), and
<taxonomicName id="1C83FAAC88790833FD4F042AFD55384D" box="[716,755,1364,1389]" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Cis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E9F75D3D88790833FD4F042AFD55384D" box="[716,755,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Cis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the
<typeStatus id="04383F8D88790833FCAE042AFCC6384E" box="[813,864,1364,1390]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">type</typeStatus>
genus of the family. Masculine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9399D2A488790833FE8B04DAFCFE38C6" box="[264,856,1444,1510]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="DB3C812F88790833FE8B04DAFE31389D" blockId="4.[264,856,1444,1510]" box="[264,407,1444,1469]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="E9F75D3D88790833FE8B04DAFE31389D" box="[264,407,1444,1469]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Distribution</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DB3C812F88790833FEBB04B2FCFE38C6" blockId="4.[264,856,1444,1510]" box="[312,856,1484,1510]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
Neotropical region, from
<collectingCountry id="A394C1BF88790833FDE004B2FD4538C6" box="[611,739,1484,1510]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="A394C1BF88790833FC8A04B2FCF338C6" box="[777,853,1484,1510]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9399D2A488790832FE8B0762FBC73C8E" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="DB3C812F88790833FE8B0762FEC53B15" blockId="4.[264,1323,1564,1870]" box="[264,355,1564,1589]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="E9F75D3D88790833FE8B0762FEC53B15" box="[264,355,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Biology</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DB3C812F88790833FEBB073AFEF53BDE" blockId="4.[264,1323,1564,1870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
All species have been taken in the basidiocarps of certain species of
<taxonomicName id="1C83FAAC88790833FBF2073AFE9A3BA6" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hymenochaetaceae" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hymenochaetales" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="family">Hymenochaetaceae</taxonomicName>
(Homobasidiomycetes: Aphyllophorales), especially members of the genus
<taxonomicName id="1C83FAAC88790833FB580712FE963B8D" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hymenochaetaceae" genus="Phellinus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hymenochaetales" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E9F75D3D88790833FB580712FE963B8D" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Phellinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Adults bore into the hard and woody tissue (dimitic with heavily reinforced skeletal hyphae) and lay eggs in cavities lining their tunnels; both adults and larvae feed on hyphal tissue.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DB3C812F88790832FEBB0672FBC73C8E" blockId="4.[264,1323,1564,1870]" lastBlockId="5.[264,1322,284,430]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
Larvae of
<emphasis id="E9F75D3D88790833FE390672FD843A05" box="[442,546,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">P. e r w i n i</emphasis>
are distinctive in having large, transversely ridged mandibular molae and a
<typeStatus id="04383F8D88790833FE1C064AFE743A6E" box="[415,466,1844,1870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">type</typeStatus>
of cribriform spiracle not yet known in this family. Tergum IX lacks the obvious paired urogomphi common in many
<taxonomicName id="1C83FAAC88780832FC9A0062FCC33C16" box="[793,869,284,310]" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ciidae</taxonomicName>
and has instead a slight concavity surrounded by 6 small teeth (two anterolateral, two posterolateral and two posterior). Transversely ridged mandibles have also been reported in larvae of
<taxonomicName id="1C83FAAC88780832FC5D0012FB703CA6" authority="Pic" authorityName="Pic" box="[990,1238,364,390]" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Porculus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vianai">
<emphasis id="E9F75D3D88780832FC5D0012FB313CA5" box="[990,1175,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Porculus vianai</emphasis>
(Pic)
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="BF12FCDE88780832FB650012FE203C8E" author="Costa" pageId="5" pageNumber="59" refString="Costa, C., Vanin, S. A. &amp; Casari-Chen, S. A. (1988) Larvas de Coleoptera do Brasil. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, iv + 282 pp., 165 pls." type="book" year="1988">
Costa
<emphasis id="E9F75D3D88780832FE8B00EAFEE53C8D" box="[264,323,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">et al.</emphasis>
1988
</bibRefCitation>
) and in the European
<taxonomicName id="1C83FAAC88780832FD0B00EAFBFB3C8E" authority="(Fabricius) (Entwistle 1955)" authorityName="(Fabricius) (Entwistle" authorityYear="1955" box="[648,1117,404,430]" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Cis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidus">
<emphasis id="E9F75D3D88780832FD0B00EAFCA03C8D" box="[648,774,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Cis nitidus</emphasis>
(Fabricius) (
<bibRefCitation id="BF12FCDE88780832FC1D00EAFBF23C8E" author="Entwistle" box="[926,1108,404,430]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59" refString="Entwistle, H. M. (1955) The Biology and Morphology of the Fungus Beetles of the Family Cisidae and their Parasites, Imperial College (thesis), London, 123 pp., 27 pls." type="book" year="1955">Entwistle 1955</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9399D2A488780832FE8B009AFAA23A6E" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="DB3C812F88780832FE8B009AFE253CDD" blockId="5.[264,1323,484,1870]" box="[264,387,484,509]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="E9F75D3D88780832FE8B009AFE253CDD" box="[264,387,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Comments</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DB3C812F88780832FEBB0372FD823B8E" blockId="5.[264,1323,484,1870]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
A concave or biconcave prosternum combined with a laminate prosternal process occurs in 14 described ciid genera, including
<taxonomicName id="1C83FAAC88780832FCBC034AFB943F6E" authority="Pic (1916)" authorityName="Pic" authorityYear="1916" box="[831,1074,564,590]" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Falsocis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E9F75D3D88780832FCBC034AFC053F6D" box="[831,931,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Falsocis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BF12FCDE88780832FC2C034AFB943F6E" author="Pic" box="[943,1074,564,590]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" refString="Pic, M. (1916) Diagnoses generiques et specifiques. Melanges Exotico-Entomologiques, Moulins, 18, 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1916">Pic (1916)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="1C83FAAC88780832FBC1034AFEFF3F56" authority="Lawrence (1987)" authorityName="Lawrence" authorityYear="1987" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Porculus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E9F75D3D88780832FBC1034AFB0D3F6D" box="[1090,1195,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Porculus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BF12FCDE88780832FB34034AFEFF3F56" author="Lawrence" pageId="5" pageNumber="59" refString="Lawrence, J. F. (1987) A new genus of Ciidae (Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidea) from the Neotropical region. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 31 (1), 41 - 47." type="journal article" year="1987">Lawrence (1987)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="1C83FAAC88780832FEEB0322FDC53F56" authority="Miyatake" authorityName="Miyatake" box="[360,611,604,630]" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Acanthocis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E9F75D3D88780832FEEB0322FE4D3F55" box="[360,491,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Acanthocis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BF12FCDE88780832FE770322FDC53F56" author="Miyatake" box="[500,611,604,630]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" refString="Miyatake, M. (1954) Studies on the Japanese Ciidae, I (Coleoptera). Scientific Reports of the Matsuyama Agricultural College, 14, 40 - 67, pls. 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="1954">Miyatake</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(1954,
<bibRefCitation id="BF12FCDE88780832FD400322FCA73F56" author="Miyatake" box="[707,769,604,630]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" refString="Miyatake, M. (1955) Notes on some Japanese Ciidae (Coleoptera). Transactions of the Shikoku Entomological Society, 4 (5 - 6), 94 - 95." type="journal article" year="1955">1955</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="1C83FAAC88780832FC9A0322FB023F56" authority="Mellie (Lawrence 1967)" authorityName="Mellie (Lawrence" authorityYear="1967" box="[793,1188,604,630]" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Ceracis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E9F75D3D88780832FC9A0322FCD33F55" box="[793,885,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Ceracis</emphasis>
Mellié (
<bibRefCitation id="BF12FCDE88780832FC5E0322FB3C3F56" author="Lawrence" box="[989,1178,604,630]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59" refString="Lawrence, J. F. (1967) Delimitation of the genus Ceracis (Coleoptera: Ciidae) with a revision of North American species. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 136, 91 - 144." type="journal article" year="1967">Lawrence 1967</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="1C83FAAC88780832FB310322FDEE3FBE" authority="Nakane &amp; Nobuchi (1955)" authorityName="Nakane &amp; Nobuchi" authorityYear="1955" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Odontocis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E9F75D3D88780832FB310322FA8D3F55" box="[1202,1323,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Odontocis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BF12FCDE88780832FE8B03FAFDEE3FBE" author="Nakane" box="[264,584,644,670]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" refString="Nakane, T. &amp; Nobuchi, A. (1955) On a new genus and six new species of ciid-beetles from Japan (Ciidae, Coleoptera). Scientific Reports of the Saikyo University (Natural Science and Living Science), A Series, 2 (1), 47 - 52." type="journal article" year="1955">Nakane &amp; Nobuchi (1955)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="1C83FAAC88780832FDD603FAFCCC3FBE" authority="Lohse (1964)" authorityName="Lohse" authorityYear="1964" box="[597,874,644,670]" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Wagaicis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E9F75D3D88780832FDD603FAFD193FBD" box="[597,703,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Wagaicis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BF12FCDE88780832FD4A03FAFCCC3FBE" author="Lohse" box="[713,874,644,670]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" refString="Lohse, G. (1964) Die in Mitteleuropa vertretenen Gattungen der Cisidae (1. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der mitteleuropaischen Cisidae). Entomologische Blatter, 60, 116 - 122." type="journal article" year="1964">Lohse (1964)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="1C83FAAC88780832FCF403FAFB193FBE" authority="Scott (1926)" authorityName="Scott" authorityYear="1926" box="[887,1215,644,670]" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Paratrichapus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E9F75D3D88780832FCF403FAFB863FBD" box="[887,1056,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Paratrichapus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BF12FCDE88780832FBAA03FAFB193FBE" author="Scott" box="[1065,1215,644,670]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" refString="Scott, H. (1926) Coleoptera, Ciidae. Reports of the Percy Sladen Trust Expedition to the Indian Ocean in 1905. Vol. 8, No. 1. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Ser. 2. Zoology, 19 (1), 1 - 41." type="journal article" year="1926">Scott (1926)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="1C83FAAC88780832FB4F03FAFDB83FE6" authority="Miyatake (1954)" authorityName="Miyatake" authorityYear="1954" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Paraxestocis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E9F75D3D88780832FB4F03FAFEED3FE5" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Paraxestocis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BF12FCDE88780832FED703D2FDB83FE6" author="Miyatake" box="[340,542,684,710]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" refString="Miyatake, M. (1954) Studies on the Japanese Ciidae, I (Coleoptera). Scientific Reports of the Matsuyama Agricultural College, 14, 40 - 67, pls. 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="1954">Miyatake (1954)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="1C83FAAC88780832FDAF03D2FC903FE6" authority="Mellie" authorityName="Mellie" box="[556,822,684,710]" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Rhopalodontus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E9F75D3D88780832FDAF03D2FD7B3FE5" box="[556,733,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Rhopalodontus</emphasis>
Mellié
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="1C83FAAC88780832FCC703D2FB8F3FE6" authority="Mellie" authorityName="Mellie" box="[836,1065,684,710]" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Octotemnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E9F75D3D88780832FCC703D2FC763FE5" box="[836,976,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Octotemnus</emphasis>
Mellié
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="1C83FAAC88780832FBB403D2FA803FE6" authority="Mellie" authorityName="Mellie" box="[1079,1318,684,710]" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Xylographus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E9F75D3D88780832FBB403D2FB6B3FE5" box="[1079,1229,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Xylographus</emphasis>
Mellié
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="1C83FAAC88780832FE8B03AAFDC13FCE" authority="Kawanabe (1993)" authorityName="Kawanabe" authorityYear="1993" box="[264,615,724,750]" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Hyalocis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E9F75D3D88780832FE8B03AAFED63FCD" box="[264,368,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Hyalocis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BF12FCDE88780832FE0603AAFDC13FCE" author="Kawanabe" box="[389,615,724,750]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59" refString="Kawanabe, M. (1993) A new genus of the family Ciidae (Coleoptera) from Yakushima Island, Southwest Japan. Japanese Journal of Entomology, 61 (4), 763 - 769." type="journal article" year="1993">Kawanabe (1993)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="1C83FAAC88780832FD0203AAFC0C3FCE" authority="Blair (1928)" authorityName="Blair" authorityYear="1928" box="[641,938,724,750]" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Scolytocis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E9F75D3D88780832FD0203AAFD5E3FCD" box="[641,760,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Scolytocis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BF12FCDE88780832FC8F03AAFC0C3FCE" author="Blair" box="[780,938,724,750]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59" refString="Blair, K. G. (1928) Heteromera, Bostrychoidea, Malacodermata and Buprestidae. In: Insects of Samoa and Other Samoan Terrestrial Arthropoda, Part 45. Coleoptera. Fasc. 2. British Museum (Natural History), London, 67 - 109." type="book chapter" year="1928">Blair (1928)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="1C83FAAC88780832FC7C03AAFDC93E36" authority="Miyatake (Kawanabe &amp; Miyatake 1996)" authorityName="Miyatake (Kawanabe &amp; Miyatake" authorityYear="1996" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Xylographella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E9F75D3D88780832FC7C03AAFB003FCD" box="[1023,1190,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Xylographella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BF12FCDE88780832FB3F03AAFDC93E36" pageId="5" pageNumber="59" refString="Kawanabe, M. &amp; Miyatake, M. (1996) A redescription of Xylographella punctata (Coleoptera, Ciidae), with description of a new tribe. Elytra, Tokyo, 24 (1), 125 - 130." type="journal article">Miyatake (Kawanabe &amp; Miyatake 1996)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. The first three of these genera all differ from
<taxonomicName id="1C83FAAC88780832FB0A0382FAAB3E35" box="[1161,1293,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Phellinocis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E9F75D3D88780832FB0A0382FAAB3E35" box="[1161,1293,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Phellinocis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having the outer tibial apex produced to form a single tooth and the antennae 10­segmented, while
<taxonomicName id="1C83FAAC88780832FE340232FDBD3E45" box="[439,539,844,869]" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Falsocis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E9F75D3D88780832FE340232FDBD3E45" box="[439,539,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Falsocis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="1C83FAAC88780832FDD60232FD7E3E45" box="[597,728,844,869]" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Acanthocis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E9F75D3D88780832FDD60232FD7E3E45" box="[597,728,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Acanthocis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also have produced anterior pronotal angles and a vestiture of stout bristles, both lacking in
<taxonomicName id="1C83FAAC88780832FC87020AFC2E3EAD" box="[772,904,884,909]" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Phellinocis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E9F75D3D88780832FC87020AFC2E3EAD" box="[772,904,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Phellinocis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In the next five genera, the outer protibial apex is expanded, rounded and armed with socketed spines; in addition,
<taxonomicName id="1C83FAAC88780832FB4F02E2FEED3EFD" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Paraxestocis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E9F75D3D88780832FB4F02E2FEED3EFD" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Paraxestocis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="1C83FAAC88780832FE0802BAFD933EFD" box="[395,565,964,989]" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Paratrichapus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E9F75D3D88780832FE0802BAFD933EFD" box="[395,565,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Paratrichapus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have 10­segmented antennae, the former has a strongly tumid and carinate prosternum and the latter is clothed with erect bristles. The last six genera differ from
<taxonomicName id="1C83FAAC88780832FEF7056AFE5E390D" box="[372,504,1044,1069]" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Phellinocis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E9F75D3D88780832FEF7056AFE5E390D" box="[372,504,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Phellinocis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having strongly projecting procoxae, which extend ventrally well below the prosternal process, and tibiae which bear socketed spines along the outer edge from the apical angle to about the basal third.
<taxonomicName id="1C83FAAC88780832FCB3051AFC44395D" box="[816,994,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Rhopalodontus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E9F75D3D88780832FCB3051AFC44395D" box="[816,994,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Rhopalodontus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="1C83FAAC88780832FB9E051AFB0F395D" box="[1053,1193,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Octotemnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E9F75D3D88780832FB9E051AFB0F395D" box="[1053,1193,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Octotemnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also differ in having the setal patch on the first ventrite partly concealed by a triangular flap.
<taxonomicName id="1C83FAAC88780832FB4805F2FE8E39ED" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Scolytocis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E9F75D3D88780832FB4805F2FE8E39ED" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Scolytocis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="1C83FAAC88780832FEE705CAFDAD39ED" box="[356,523,1204,1229]" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Xylographella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E9F75D3D88780832FEE705CAFDAD39ED" box="[356,523,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Xylographella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also share characters not found in any other ciid, such as the compact antennal club, the terminal segment of which bears more than four sensillifers, the elongate prementum and the shape of sternite IX, which is drawn out anteriorly to form a spiculum gastrale.
<taxonomicName id="1C83FAAC88780832FE660452FCCE3866" authority="Kawanabe (1994)" authorityName="Kawanabe" authorityYear="1994" box="[485,872,1324,1350]" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Dichodontocis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E9F75D3D88780832FE660452FD363865" box="[485,656,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Dichodontocis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BF12FCDE88780832FD140452FCCE3866" author="Kawanabe" box="[663,872,1324,1350]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59" refString="Kawanabe, M. (1994) A new genus and species of the family Ciidae (Coleoptera) from Southwest Japan. Japanese Journal of Entomology, 62 (1), 186 - 192." type="journal article" year="1994">Kawanabe (1994)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
also has a laminate prosternal process and is the only other genus with two stout teeth at the outer apical angle of the protibia; however in that genus, the outer edge of the protibia is serrate, the prosternum is more or less elevated and tumid along the midline, the antennae are 10­segmented, and the body is clothed with erect hairs. Three additional genera have a relatively narrow (but not laminate) prosternal process; of these
<taxonomicName id="1C83FAAC88780832FD41048AFBB83B2E" authority="Miyatake (1954)" authorityName="Miyatake" authorityYear="1954" box="[706,1054,1524,1550]" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Euxestocis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E9F75D3D88780832FD41048AFCE63B2D" box="[706,832,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Euxestocis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BF12FCDE88780832FCD2048AFBB83B2E" author="Miyatake" box="[849,1054,1524,1550]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" refString="Miyatake, M. (1954) Studies on the Japanese Ciidae, I (Coleoptera). Scientific Reports of the Matsuyama Agricultural College, 14, 40 - 67, pls. 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="1954">Miyatake (1954)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="1C83FAAC88780832FBEF048AFE6B3B16" authority="Miyatake (1954)" authorityName="Miyatake" authorityYear="1954" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Neoennearthron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E9F75D3D88780832FBEF048AFA8D3B2D" box="[1132,1323,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Neoennearthron</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BF12FCDE88780832FE8B0762FE6B3B16" author="Miyatake" box="[264,461,1564,1590]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" refString="Miyatake, M. (1954) Studies on the Japanese Ciidae, I (Coleoptera). Scientific Reports of the Matsuyama Agricultural College, 14, 40 - 67, pls. 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="1954">Miyatake (1954)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
differ from
<taxonomicName id="1C83FAAC88780832FDE10762FD403B15" box="[610,742,1564,1589]" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Phellinocis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E9F75D3D88780832FDE10762FD403B15" box="[610,742,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Phellinocis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having produced anterior pronotal angles and serrate protibiae with one stout tooth at the outer apex, while
<taxonomicName id="1C83FAAC88780832FC69073AFA8D3B7E" authority="Israelson (1985)" authorityName="Israelson" authorityYear="1985" box="[1002,1323,1604,1630]" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Atlantocis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E9F75D3D88780832FC69073AFBC73B7D" box="[1002,1121,1604,1629]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Atlantocis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BF12FCDE88780832FBE9073AFA8D3B7E" author="Israelson" box="[1130,1323,1604,1630]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59" refString="Israelson, G. (1985) A new Macaronesian genus of Cisidae (Coleoptera). Entomologische Blatter, 81 (1 - 2), 80 - 84." type="journal article" year="1985">Israelson (1985)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
has expanded and spinulose outer protibial apices, 10­segmented antennae and a vestiture of erect hairs or bristles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DB3C812F88780832FEBB07C2FAA23A6E" blockId="5.[264,1323,484,1870]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
In the current classification of the family,
<taxonomicName id="1C83FAAC88780832FCC307C2FC623BF5" box="[832,964,1724,1749]" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Phellinocis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E9F75D3D88780832FCC307C2FC623BF5" box="[832,964,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Phellinocis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
would be placed in the tribe Ciini of the subfamily
<taxonomicName id="1C83FAAC88780832FD91079AFDC43BDE" box="[530,610,1764,1790]" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ciinae">Ciinae</taxonomicName>
. It lacks strongly projecting procoxae and spinose tibiae that characterize both
<taxonomicName id="1C83FAAC88780832FE540672FCBF3A06" authority="(Lawrence 1974)" baseAuthorityName="Lawrence" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[471,793,1804,1830]" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Orophiini">
Orophiini (
<bibRefCitation id="BF12FCDE88780832FDDB0672FCB73A06" author="Lawrence" box="[600,785,1804,1830]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59" refString="Lawrence, J. F. (1974) The ciid beetles of California (Coleoptera: Ciidae). Bulletin of the California Insect Survey, 17, 1 - 41." type="journal article" year="1974">Lawrence 1974</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and Xylographellini (
<bibRefCitation id="BF12FCDE88780832FB9A0672FEE23A6E" author="Kawanabe" pageId="5" pageNumber="59" refString="Kawanabe, M. &amp; Miyatake, M. (1996) A redescription of Xylographella punctata (Coleoptera, Ciidae), with description of a new tribe. Elytra, Tokyo, 24 (1), 125 - 130." type="journal article" year="1996">Kawanabe &amp; Miyatake 1996</bibRefCitation>
) and the distinctive
<typeStatus id="04383F8D88780832FDB1064AFDC33A6E" box="[562,613,1844,1870]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">type</typeStatus>
of antennal club and prementum found in the latter tribe.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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