174 lines
14 KiB
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174 lines
14 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.444.7537" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e53fb8f2-2a76-4856-b154-1faef6ee81fd" ID-PMC="PMC4205731" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-444-1" ID-PubMed="25349499" ID-ZBK="FB83BDD3958A456DBFEA9C6C28D3E4D5" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-444-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 444" ModsDocTitle="Shallow-water zoantharians (Cnidaria, Hexacorallia) from the Central Indo-Pacific" checkinTime="1451245266514" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Reimer, James D., Poliseno, Angelo & Hoeksema, Bert W." docDate="2014" docId="5306D26C5BE12978871C3D3B97E7E0B6" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 444: 1-57" docOrigin="ZooKeys 444" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.444.7537" docTitle="Zoanthus sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="FFCCA07FFFC4625F1C6AFFB4EC3BFFB7" masterDocTitle="Shallow-water zoantharians (Cnidaria, Hexacorallia) from the Central Indo-Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="57" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1668159458110" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Shallow-water zoantharians (Cnidaria, Hexacorallia) from the Central Indo-Pacific</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Reimer, James D.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Poliseno, Angelo</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hoeksema, Bert W.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>444</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>57</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.444.7537</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.444.7537</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-444-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">FB83BDD3958A456DBFEA9C6C28D3E4D5</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">FB83BDD3958A456DBFEA9C6C28D3E4D5</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152055731" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5306D26C5BE12978871C3D3B97E7E0B6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5306D26C5BE12978871C3D3B97E7E0B6" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Taxon classification Animalia Zoantharia Zoanthidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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3.
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Zoanthidae" genus="Zoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zoanthus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Zoanthus sp.</taxonomicName>
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Figures 2C, D, 3
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="specimens examined">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Specimens examined</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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(n=10). RMNH Coel 40360,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="NNM–LIPI–WWF">NNM-LIPI-WWF</normalizedToken>
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Expedition station BAL.03, south of tidal channel, Palung Semawang, off Kesumasari Beach, Sanur, Bali (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-8.710834">08°42'39"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="115.26917">115°16'09"E</geoCoordinate>
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), depth to 5 m, collected by L. P. van Ofwegen and M. Slierings on March 31, 2001; RMNH Coel 40457, piers of harbor, Cebu City, Cebu, Philippines by M. L. Esmeno in 1976 (original label "specimen 196"); RMNH Coel 40516,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Snellius–II">Snellius-II</normalizedToken>
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Expedition station 27, west side of Bone Tambung, South Sulawesi (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-5.05">05°03'00"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="119.2625">119°15'45"E</geoCoordinate>
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), depth = 1 m, collected October 23, 1980 by H. Moll; RMNH Coel 40537,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Snellius–II">Snellius-II</normalizedToken>
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Expedition station 4.139, reef flat edge south of Tarupa Kecil, northeast Taka Bone Rate (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-6.5">06°30'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="121.13333">121°08'E</geoCoordinate>
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), depth = 30 m, collected September 25, 1984; RMNH Coel 40539,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Snellius–II">Snellius-II</normalizedToken>
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Expedition station 4.011, reef edge west of Mai, Maisel Islands, Banda Sea (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-5.4666667">05°28'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="127.51667">127°31'E</geoCoordinate>
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), depth 1 to 30 m, collected September 7, 1984; RMNH Coel 40542,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Snellius–II">Snellius-II</normalizedToken>
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Expedition station 4.084, Selat Linta, east of Komodo I. (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-8.583333">08°35'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="119.566666">119°34'E</geoCoordinate>
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), depth = approx. 3 m, collected September 18, 1984; RMNH Coel 40551,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Snellius–II">Snellius-II</normalizedToken>
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Expedition station 4.079, Selat Linta, east of Komodo I. (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-8.583333">08°35'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="119.57">119°34.2'E</geoCoordinate>
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), collected September 10, 1984; RMNH Coel 40560,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Snellius–II">Snellius-II</normalizedToken>
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Expedition station 4.096, northeast cape of Komodo I. (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-8.483334">08°29'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="119.56834">119°34.1'E</geoCoordinate>
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), from "shallow water", collected September 20, 1984; RMNH Coel 40564, Fauna Malesiana Marine Sulawesi Expedition station SUL.08, channels between lava outflows, south of Tanjung Batuangus, Selat Lembeh, North Sulawesi (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="1.5">01°30'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="125.25">125°15'E</geoCoordinate>
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), depth 5 to 10 m, collected by M. Slierings on October 16 or 25, 1994; RMNH Coel 40565, Fauna Malesiana Marine Sulawesi Expedition station SUL.08, channels between lava outflows, south of Tanjung Batuangus, Selat Lembeh, North Sulawesi (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="1.5">01°30'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="125.25">125°15'E</geoCoordinate>
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), depth to 10 m, collected on October 16 or 25, 1994.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="photographic records">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Photographic records</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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(n=3). West side of Pulau
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lae–Lae">Lae-Lae</normalizedToken>
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, Spermonde Archipelago, South Sulawesi (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-5.134722">05°08'05"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="119.3875">119°23'15"E</geoCoordinate>
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), September 16, 1997; west side of Pulau Samalona, Spermonde Archipelago, South Sulawesi (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-5.1236115">05°07'25"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="119.33611">119°20'10"E</geoCoordinate>
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), September 16, 1997; west of Gusung (=Pulau
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lae–Lae">Lae-Lae</normalizedToken>
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Keke), Spermonde Archipelago, South Sulawesi (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-5.125">05°07.5'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="119.38333">119°23'E</geoCoordinate>
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), October 11, 1997.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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This group includes all
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Zoanthidae" genus="Zoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zoanthus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Zoanthus</taxonomicName>
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spp. specimens that could not be identified to species level (n=10). Almost all of these specimens are
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘liberae’">'liberae'</normalizedToken>
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or
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘intermediae’">'intermediae'</normalizedToken>
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, with polyps rising out from the coenenchyme (see
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<bibRefCitation author="Pax, F" editor="Spengel, JW" journalOrPublisher="Fischer G, Jena" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="157 - 330" title="Studien an westindischen Actinien." volumeTitle="Ergebnisse einer Zoologischen Forschungreise nach westindien von Prof. W Kukenthal and Dr. Hartmeyer R im Jahre, 1907" year="1910">Pax 1910</bibRefCitation>
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) (Figure 2C). One specimen, RMNH Coel 40560, is more
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘immersae’">'immersae'</normalizedToken>
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with polyps only slightly protruding from the coenenchyme (average height 2.25 mm, width 2.0 mm, n=10). Overall, polyps for all specimens fit within the range of several described species, with an average for all specimens of a height of 6.7 mm (range 2-17 mm), and width of 3.3 mm (range 1.5-6 mm) (n=10 specimens). Thus, given the high variation within
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Zoanthidae" genus="Zoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zoanthus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Zoanthus</taxonomicName>
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species, particularly polyp height based on microenvironment (
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<bibRefCitation author="Ong, CWD" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biology" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1053 - 1064" title="Morphologically plastic responses to shading in the zoanthids Zoanthussansibaricus and Palythoatuberculosa." url="10.1007/s00227-012-2158-4" volume="160" year="2013">Ong et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
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), and the lack of other diagnostic characteristics, for now these species cannot be identified to species level. Based solely on sizes, two specimens, RMNH Coel 40542 and 40565, have much larger polyps compared to the other specimens (height 10.3 mm, width 4.3 mm; height 10.8 mm, width 4.4 mm), but whether these are a separate species from other specimens or the size difference is due to fixation method in formalin is unknown.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Regions recorded in this study (Figure 3). Eastern Bali (5), Komodo (8), Spermonde Archipelago (9), Taka Bone Rate (11), Maisel Is. (13), Lembeh Strait. (17).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Previous records. NA.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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This designation simply consists of all
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Zoanthidae" genus="Zoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zoanthus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Zoanthus</taxonomicName>
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spp. specimens that could not be identified to species-level. It is likely this designation includes more than one species based on depths of specimens sampled. However, as preserved specimens were contracted (polyps closed) and many described
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Zoanthidae" genus="Zoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zoanthus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Zoanthus</taxonomicName>
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spp. present no readily diagnostic external characters, identification to species level is not potentially possible without detailed molecular examination. Attempts at molecular identification also failed for these (and most other specimens), perhaps due to initial preservation in 10% seawater formalin for older specimens, or in ethanol with additives for newer specimens.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |