537 lines
53 KiB
XML
537 lines
53 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5958058" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f139da0a-6d73-47d2-9bae-740d4e28927b" ID-GBIF-Taxon="140240367" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5958058" checkinTime="1515656590140" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Řezáč, Milan, Růžička, Vlastimil, Oger, Pierre & Řezáčová, Veronika" docDate="2018" docId="526987B3FFACB11257BF11ADFD28FBAC" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4370.3.9.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@379ab47b" docStyleName="zootaxa.2013.journal_article" docTitle="Gnaphosa modestior Kulczynki 1897" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="294" masterDocId="AE50FFCBFFAEB1175728157AFF89FF87" masterDocTitle="European species of the Gnaphosa alpica complex (Araneae, Gnaphosidae)" masterLastPageNumber="294" masterPageNumber="289" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" updateTime="1643887871843" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>European species of the Gnaphosa alpica complex (Araneae, Gnaphosidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Řezáč, Milan</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Růžička, Vlastimil</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Oger, Pierre</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Řezáčová, Veronika</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2018-01-11</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>3</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>289</mods:start>
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<mods:end>294</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.1145567</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">f139da0a-6d73-47d2-9bae-740d4e28927b</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1145567</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">33D0BEDC-2FED-4678-8F92-100D25DB6E19</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5958058" ID-GBIF-Taxon="140240367" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5958058" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:526987B3FFACB11257BF11ADFD28FBAC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/526987B3FFACB11257BF11ADFD28FBAC" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="294" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="291" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[151,1437,1239,1999]" box="[151,610,1239,1265]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,610,1239,1265]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName authority="Kulczynki, 1897" authorityName="Kulczynki" authorityYear="1897" box="[151,610,1239,1265]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gnaphosa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestior">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,610,1239,1265]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,400,1239,1265]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">Gnaphosa modestior</emphasis>
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Kulczyńki, 1897
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[151,1437,1239,1999]" box="[151,446,1274,1297]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">
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(
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<figureCitation box="[158,319,1274,1297]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,244,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[207,1376,198,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[207,1376,194,1912]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Left male palps of the species of the GnaphOsa alpica complex. A–C, ventral views; D–F, retrolateral views; G—I, dorsoretrolateral views; A, D, G, GnaphOsa alpica, France: Villeneuve sur Vère; B, E, H, GnaphOsa dOlanskyi sp. n., Bulgaria: Panagyurishte;C, F, I, GnaphOsamOdestiOr, CZechia:Podmolí." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1145569/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">
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Figs 1C, 1F,
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<date box="[296,319,1274,1297]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">1I</date>
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</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[332,412,1274,1297]" captionStart="FIGURE2" captionStartId="4.[151,244,878,900]" captionTargetBox="[154,1435,191,856]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,191,856]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE2.Epigynesof thespecies ofthe GnaphOsa alpica complex.A–D,ventralviews; E–H,dorsalviews;A, E, GnaphOsaalpica, lectotype, France: Alps; B, F, GnaphOsa alpica, France: Arifat; C, G, GnaphOsa dOlanskyi sp. n., Bulgaria: Panagyurishte; D, H, GnaphOsamOdestiOr, CZechia:Hodonín.MD—median duct,PP—posterolateral pocket.Scale = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1145571/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">2D, 2H</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[423,436,1274,1297]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,244,1762,1784]" captionTargetBox="[188,1401,959,1745]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[188,1401,940,1745]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Adultfemale of GnaphOsamOdestiOr, CZechia:Hodonín, Pánov reserve." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1145573/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">3</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="291" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[151,1437,1239,1999]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kulczynki" authorityYear="1897" box="[151,353,1309,1330]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gnaphosa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestior">
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<emphasis box="[151,353,1309,1330]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">GnaphOsa mOdestiOr</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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—KulcZyński in
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<bibRefCitation author="ChyZer" box="[519,804,1309,1330]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" refString="ChyZer, C. & KulcZynski, W. (1897) Araneae Hungariae. TOmi II-di pars pOsteriOr: ZOdariOidae, AgalenOidae, DrassOidae, ZOrOpseOidae, DysderOidae, FilistatOidae, CalOmmatOidae, TheraphOsOidae. Editio Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, Budapest, 226 pp. [pp. 145 - 370]" type="book chapter" year="1897">ChyZer & KulcZyński (1897)</bibRefCitation>
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: p. 184, table VII, figs 18a–c (descr.
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<specimenCount box="[1168,1190,1309,1330]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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<specimenCount box="[1190,1205,1309,1330]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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).
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<bibRefCitation author="Grimm" box="[1226,1369,1309,1330]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" refString="Grimm, U. (1985) Die Gnaphosidae Mitteleuropas (Arachnida, Araneae). Abhandlungen des NaturwissenschaFtlichen Vereins in Hamburg, N. F., 26, 1 - 318." type="journal article" year="1985">Grimm (1985)</bibRefCitation>
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: p. 72, figs 37a–b (
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<specimenCount box="[314,334,1342,1363]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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), 38 (
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<specimenCount box="[392,409,1342,1363]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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, redrawn from
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<bibRefCitation author="ChyZer" box="[557,824,1342,1363]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" refString="ChyZer, C. & KulcZynski, W. (1897) Araneae Hungariae. TOmi II-di pars pOsteriOr: ZOdariOidae, AgalenOidae, DrassOidae, ZOrOpseOidae, DysderOidae, FilistatOidae, CalOmmatOidae, TheraphOsOidae. Editio Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, Budapest, 226 pp. [pp. 145 - 370]" type="book chapter" year="1897">ChyZer & KulcZyński 1897</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<bibRefCitation author="Heimer" box="[841,1100,1342,1363]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" refString="Heimer, S. & Nentwig. W. (Eds.) (1991) Spinnen MitteleurOpas: ein Bestimmungsbuch. Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin & Hamburg, 543 pp." type="book" year="1991">Heimer & Nentwig (1991)</bibRefCitation>
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: p. 420, figs. 1108.1–1108.3 (
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<specimenCount box="[1386,1407,1342,1363]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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<specimenCount box="[1407,1422,1342,1363]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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), redrawn from
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<bibRefCitation author="ChyZer" box="[336,617,1375,1396]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" refString="ChyZer, C. & KulcZynski, W. (1897) Araneae Hungariae. TOmi II-di pars pOsteriOr: ZOdariOidae, AgalenOidae, DrassOidae, ZOrOpseOidae, DysderOidae, FilistatOidae, CalOmmatOidae, TheraphOsOidae. Editio Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, Budapest, 226 pp. [pp. 145 - 370]" type="book chapter" year="1897">ChyZer & KulcZyński (1897)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<bibRefCitation box="[627,876,1375,1396]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" refString="Ovtsharenko, V. I., Platnick, N. I. & Song, D. X. (1992) A review of the North Asian ground spiders of the genus GnaphOsa (Araneae, Gnaphosidae). Bulletin OF the American Museum OF Natural HistOry, 212, 1 - 88." type="book chapter">
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||
Ovtsharenko
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||
<emphasis box="[755,804,1375,1396]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">et al.</emphasis>
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||
(1992)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
: p. 64 (designated
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||
<typeStatus box="[1056,1144,1375,1396]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">lectotype</typeStatus>
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||
<specimenCount box="[1150,1167,1375,1396]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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||
).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="2.[151,1437,1239,1999]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">
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||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Chyzer & Kulczynski" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[151,303,1409,1430]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gnaphosa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laeta">
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<emphasis box="[151,303,1409,1430]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">GnaphOsa laeta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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—Kulczyński in
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<bibRefCitation author="Chyzer" box="[467,749,1408,1430]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" refString="ChyZer, C. & KulcZynski, W. (1897) Araneae Hungariae. TOmi II-di pars pOsteriOr: ZOdariOidae, AgalenOidae, DrassOidae, ZOrOpseOidae, DysderOidae, FilistatOidae, CalOmmatOidae, TheraphOsOidae. Editio Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, Budapest, 226 pp. [pp. 145 - 370]" type="book chapter" year="1897">Chyzer & Kulczyński (1897)</bibRefCitation>
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||
: p. 185, table VII, fig. 19 (descr.
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<specimenCount box="[1067,1084,1409,1430]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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); removed from the synonymy of
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<taxonomicName authority="Ovtsharenko et al. 1992" authorityName="Ovtsharenko et al." authorityYear="1992" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gnaphosa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpica" status="new synonymy">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">G. alpica</emphasis>
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||
(
|
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<bibRefCitation author="Ovtsharenko" box="[271,506,1442,1463]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" refString="Ovtsharenko, V. I., Platnick, N. I. & Song, D. X. (1992) A review of the North Asian ground spiders of the genus GnaphOsa (Araneae, Gnaphosidae). Bulletin OF the American Museum OF Natural HistOry, 212, 1 - 88." type="book chapter" year="1992">
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||
Ovtsharenko
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||
<emphasis box="[401,450,1442,1463]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">et al.</emphasis>
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1992
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[523,672,1442,1464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[523,672,1442,1464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">new synonymy</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[151,1437,1239,1999]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">
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<taxonomicName box="[151,315,1476,1497]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gnaphosa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpica">
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||
<emphasis box="[151,315,1476,1497]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">GnaphOsa alpica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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—
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<bibRefCitation box="[340,589,1476,1497]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" refString="Ovtsharenko, V. I., Platnick, N. I. & Song, D. X. (1992) A review of the North Asian ground spiders of the genus GnaphOsa (Araneae, Gnaphosidae). Bulletin OF the American Museum OF Natural HistOry, 212, 1 - 88." type="book chapter">
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||
Ovtsharenko
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<emphasis box="[468,517,1476,1497]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">et al.</emphasis>
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||
(1992)
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</bibRefCitation>
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: p. 61, figs 221–222 (
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<specimenCount box="[798,818,1476,1497]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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).
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<bibRefCitation author="Thaler" box="[836,1091,1476,1497]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" refString="Thaler, K. & Knoflach, B. (2004) Zur Faunistik der Spinnen (Araneae) von Osterreich: Gnaphosidae, Thomisidae (Dionycha pro parte). Linzer BiOlOgische Beitrage, 36 (1), 417 - 484." type="journal article" year="2004">Thaler & Knoflach (2004)</bibRefCitation>
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: p. 425. Misidentifications.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,268,1509,1532]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Males differ frOm thOse Of Other species Of the cOmplex in a markedly elOngated tibial apOphysis (twO times lOnger than the rest Of tibia,
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<figureCitation box="[457,530,1542,1565]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,244,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[207,1376,198,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[207,1376,194,1912]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Left male palps of the species of the GnaphOsa alpica complex. A–C, ventral views; D–F, retrolateral views; G—I, dorsoretrolateral views; A, D, G, GnaphOsa alpica, France: Villeneuve sur Vère; B, E, H, GnaphOsa dOlanskyi sp. n., Bulgaria: Panagyurishte;C, F, I, GnaphOsamOdestiOr, CZechia:Podmolí." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1145569/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">
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Fig.
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<date box="[507,530,1542,1565]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">1I</date>
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</figureCitation>
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). Females differ frOm thOse Of Other species Of the cOmplex in that the length Of the scapus is mOre than twO times the width (
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<figureCitation box="[620,708,1576,1599]" captionStart="FIGURE2" captionStartId="4.[151,244,878,900]" captionTargetBox="[154,1435,191,856]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,191,856]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE2.Epigynesof thespecies ofthe GnaphOsa alpica complex.A–D,ventralviews; E–H,dorsalviews;A, E, GnaphOsaalpica, lectotype, France: Alps; B, F, GnaphOsa alpica, France: Arifat; C, G, GnaphOsa dOlanskyi sp. n., Bulgaria: Panagyurishte; D, H, GnaphOsamOdestiOr, CZechia:Hodonín.MD—median duct,PP—posterolateral pocket.Scale = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1145571/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
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), and pOsitiOned mOre anteriOrly (distance frOm the pOsterOlateral pOckets is equal tO the length Of the pOckets). The lateral edges Of the pOsterOlateral pOckets cOnverge pOsteriOrly (in Other species they are parallel). The vulva differs in that the distal part Of the median ducts bulge in an even manner, but the prOximal parts run clOse and parallel tO each Other (pear-shape,
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||
<figureCitation box="[894,982,1676,1699]" captionStart="FIGURE2" captionStartId="4.[151,244,878,900]" captionTargetBox="[154,1435,191,856]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,191,856]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE2.Epigynesof thespecies ofthe GnaphOsa alpica complex.A–D,ventralviews; E–H,dorsalviews;A, E, GnaphOsaalpica, lectotype, France: Alps; B, F, GnaphOsa alpica, France: Arifat; C, G, GnaphOsa dOlanskyi sp. n., Bulgaria: Panagyurishte; D, H, GnaphOsamOdestiOr, CZechia:Hodonín.MD—median duct,PP—posterolateral pocket.Scale = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1145571/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">Fig. 2H</figureCitation>
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; in the Other species Of the cOmplex they regularly cOnverge tO the frOnt—similar tO the shape Of the letter A).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="294" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" type="discussion">
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||
<paragraph blockId="2.[151,1437,1239,1999]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,309,1742,1765]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">Remarks.</emphasis>
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This species was described based On the male frOm NOrtheastern
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<collectingCountry box="[1044,1122,1742,1765]" name="Croatia" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">CrOatia</collectingCountry>
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(ĐakOvO) and females frOm Central
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<collectingCountry box="[235,328,1776,1799]" name="Hungary" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">Hungary</collectingCountry>
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(BalatOnalmádi) and sOuthwestern
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<collectingCountry box="[706,802,1776,1799]" name="Romania" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">ROmania</collectingCountry>
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(Baziaş, Mt. AlliOn near OrșOva). The
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<typeStatus box="[1218,1264,1776,1799]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">type</typeStatus>
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material shOuld be at the Hungarian Natural HistOry Museum in
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<collectingRegion box="[666,765,1809,1832]" country="Hungary" name="Budapest" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">Budapest</collectingRegion>
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(see OvtsharenkO
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<emphasis box="[964,1018,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">et al.</emphasis>
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1992), but is currently missing (László Dányi, in litt.). Nevertheless, thanks tO Kulczyński’s precise drawings, the identity Of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kulczynki" authorityYear="1897" box="[1061,1197,1842,1865]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gnaphosa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestior">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1061,1197,1842,1865]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">G. modestior</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is clear. The drawings Of the male palp shOw all the diagnOstic characters, including the remarkably lOng retrOlateral tibial apOphysis (RTA). The male mOrphOlOgy shOwn is identical tO the mOrphOlOgy Of the material frOm
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1015,1104,1909,1932]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">Czechia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The depicted epigyne (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Chyzer" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" refString="ChyZer, C. & KulcZynski, W. (1897) Araneae Hungariae. TOmi II-di pars pOsteriOr: ZOdariOidae, AgalenOidae, DrassOidae, ZOrOpseOidae, DysderOidae, FilistatOidae, CalOmmatOidae, TheraphOsOidae. Editio Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, Budapest, 226 pp. [pp. 145 - 370]" type="book chapter" year="1897" yearSuffix="a">Chyzer & Kulczyński 1897: plate VII, fig. 18a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) pOssesses pOsteriOrly cOnverging pOsterOlateral pOckets that are a diagnOstic feature Of females belOnging tO the males with lOng RTA.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1145569/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" targetBox="[207,1376,198,1912]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,1945,2025]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,272,1945,1967]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Left male palps of the species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[657,825,1945,1966]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gnaphosa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpica">
|
||
<emphasis box="[657,825,1945,1966]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[657,756,1945,1966]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gnaphosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">GnaphOsa</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[765,825,1945,1966]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" rank="species" species="alpica">alpica</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex. A–C, ventral views; D–F, retrolateral views; G—I, dorsoretrolateral views; A, D, G,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[488,656,1975,1996]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gnaphosa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpica">
|
||
<emphasis box="[488,656,1975,1996]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">GnaphOsa alpica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, France: Villeneuve sur Vère; B, E, H,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Řezáč & Růžička & Oger & Řezáčová, 2018" authorityName="Řezáč & Růžička & Oger & Řezáčová" authorityYear="2018" box="[1066,1266,1975,1996]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gnaphosa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="291" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolanskyi" status="sp. n">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1066,1266,1975,1996]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">GnaphOsa dOlanskyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., Bulgaria: Panagyurishte; C, F, I,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kulczynki" authorityYear="1897" box="[371,570,2004,2025]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gnaphosa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="291" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestior">
|
||
<emphasis box="[371,570,2004,2025]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">GnaphOsa mOdestiOr</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, CZechia: Podmolí.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1145571/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" targetBox="[154,1435,191,856]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1436,878,958]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,268,878,900]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Epigynes of the species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[562,726,878,899]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gnaphosa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpica">
|
||
<emphasis box="[562,726,878,899]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">GnaphOsa alpica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex. A–D, ventral views; E–H, dorsal views; A, E,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1266,1430,878,899]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gnaphosa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpica">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1266,1430,878,899]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">GnaphOsa alpica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lectotype, France: Alps; B, F,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[454,622,907,928]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gnaphosa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpica">
|
||
<emphasis box="[454,622,907,928]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">GnaphOsa alpica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, France: Arifat; C, G,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Řezáč & Růžička & Oger & Řezáčová, 2018" authorityName="Řezáč & Růžička & Oger & Řezáčová" authorityYear="2018" box="[852,1051,907,928]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gnaphosa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="291" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolanskyi" status="sp. n">
|
||
<emphasis box="[852,1051,907,928]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">GnaphOsa dOlanskyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., Bulgaria: Panagyurishte; D, H,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kulczynki" authorityYear="1897" box="[151,350,937,958]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gnaphosa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="291" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestior">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,350,937,958]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">GnaphOsa mOdestiOr</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, CZechia: Hodonín. MD—median duct, PP—posterolateral pocket. Scale = 0.1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption box="[151,971,1762,1784]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1145573/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" targetBox="[188,1401,959,1745]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,971,1762,1784]" box="[151,971,1762,1784]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,268,1762,1784]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Adult female of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kulczynki" authorityYear="1897" box="[432,631,1763,1784]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gnaphosa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="291" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestior">
|
||
<emphasis box="[432,631,1763,1784]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">GnaphOsa mOdestiOr</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, CZechia: Hodonín, Pánov reserve.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1436,1825,2022]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,152,1067]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="294" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">
|
||
In the same study, Kulczyński described a single female Of this species frOm Szerencs, nOrtheastern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1270,1364,1825,1848]" name="Hungary" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Hungary</collectingCountry>
|
||
, under the name
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Chyzer & Kulczynski 1897)" authorityName="Chyzer & Kulczynski" authorityYear="1897" baseAuthorityName="Chyzer & Kulczynski" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[256,662,1860,1883]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gnaphosa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laeta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[256,339,1860,1883]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">G. laeta</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Chyzer" box="[354,654,1860,1883]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" refString="ChyZer, C. & KulcZynski, W. (1897) Araneae Hungariae. TOmi II-di pars pOsteriOr: ZOdariOidae, AgalenOidae, DrassOidae, ZOrOpseOidae, DysderOidae, FilistatOidae, CalOmmatOidae, TheraphOsOidae. Editio Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, Budapest, 226 pp. [pp. 145 - 370]" type="book chapter" year="1897">Chyzer & Kulczyński 1897</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The
|
||
<typeStatus box="[722,768,1860,1883]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material shOuld be at the Hungarian Natural HistOry Museum in
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[181,280,1895,1918]" country="Hungary" name="Budapest" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Budapest</collectingRegion>
|
||
(see OvtsharenkO
|
||
<emphasis box="[488,545,1895,1918]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1992), but is currently missing (László Dányi, in litt.). Nevertheless, the precise drawing in the Original descriptiOn (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Chyzer" box="[541,1040,1929,1952]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" refString="ChyZer, C. & KulcZynski, W. (1897) Araneae Hungariae. TOmi II-di pars pOsteriOr: ZOdariOidae, AgalenOidae, DrassOidae, ZOrOpseOidae, DysderOidae, FilistatOidae, CalOmmatOidae, TheraphOsOidae. Editio Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, Budapest, 226 pp. [pp. 145 - 370]" type="book chapter" year="1897">Chyzer & Kulczyński 1897: plate VII, fig. 19</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) allOws unambiguOus identificatiOn. The depicted epigyne, bOth in the shape Of scapus and the pOsterOlateral pOckets, is identical tO epigynes Of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kulczynki" authorityYear="1897" box="[1300,1436,1964,1987]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gnaphosa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestior">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1300,1436,1964,1987]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">G. modestior</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
frOm
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[210,296,1999,2022]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Czechia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[310,447,1999,2022]" captionStart="FIGURE2" captionStartId="4.[151,244,878,900]" captionTargetBox="[154,1435,191,856]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,191,856]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE2.Epigynesof thespecies ofthe GnaphOsa alpica complex.A–D,ventralviews; E–H,dorsalviews;A, E, GnaphOsaalpica, lectotype, France: Alps; B, F, GnaphOsa alpica, France: Arifat; C, G, GnaphOsa dOlanskyi sp. n., Bulgaria: Panagyurishte; D, H, GnaphOsamOdestiOr, CZechia:Hodonín.MD—median duct,PP—posterolateral pocket.Scale = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1145571/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Figs 2D, 2H</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[466,559,1999,2022]" name="Hungary" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Hungary</collectingCountry>
|
||
is an arachnOlOgically well-researched territOry and the Only single species Of the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[151,336,152,175]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gnaphosa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpica">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,336,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Gnaphosa alpica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cOmplex,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kulczynki" authorityYear="1897" box="[452,590,152,175]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gnaphosa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestior">
|
||
<emphasis box="[452,590,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">G. modestior</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be fOund there (Csaba Szinetár, persOnal cOmmunicatiOn). TherefOre, we cOnclude that
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Chyzer & Kulczynski" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[300,382,186,209]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gnaphosa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laeta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[300,382,186,209]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">G. laeta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a juniOr synOnym Of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kulczynki" authorityYear="1897" box="[635,771,186,209]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gnaphosa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestior">
|
||
<emphasis box="[635,771,186,209]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">G. modestior</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(the descriptiOn Of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kulczynki" authorityYear="1897" box="[979,1115,186,209]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gnaphosa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestior">
|
||
<emphasis box="[979,1115,186,209]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">G. modestior</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
precedes the descriptiOn Of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="in Chyzer & Kulczynski 1897" authorityName="in Chyzer & Kulczynski" authorityYear="1897" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gnaphosa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laeta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">G. laeta</emphasis>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Chyzer" box="[241,541,221,244]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" refString="ChyZer, C. & KulcZynski, W. (1897) Araneae Hungariae. TOmi II-di pars pOsteriOr: ZOdariOidae, AgalenOidae, DrassOidae, ZOrOpseOidae, DysderOidae, FilistatOidae, CalOmmatOidae, TheraphOsOidae. Editio Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, Budapest, 226 pp. [pp. 145 - 370]" type="book chapter" year="1897">Chyzer & Kulczyński 1897</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Kulczyński’s mistake was caused by underestimatiOn Of intraspecific variatiOn in the shape and relative length Of the epigynal scapus. His females Of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kulczynki" authorityYear="1897" box="[871,1006,256,279]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gnaphosa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestior">
|
||
<emphasis box="[871,1006,256,279]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">G. modestior</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
had shOrter scapus than the female Of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="in Chyzer & Kulczynski" authorityYear="1897" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gnaphosa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laeta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">G. laeta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. But, as seen in the material frOm
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[573,662,290,313]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Czechia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the length Of scapus Of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kulczynki" authorityYear="1897" box="[922,1059,290,313]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gnaphosa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestior">
|
||
<emphasis box="[922,1059,290,313]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">G. modestior</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is intraspecifically variable. In this species, the scapus is an elastic structure and as such it dOes nOt have cOnstant prOpOrtiOns amOng individuals. In cOntrast, the pOsterOlateral pOckets are a sclerOtised structure, the shape Of which is unifOrm within the species. Interestingly, Kulczyński himself admitted that
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="in Chyzer & Kulczynski" authorityYear="1897" box="[674,756,394,417]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gnaphosa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laeta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[674,756,394,417]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">G. laeta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was prObably an aberrant female Of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kulczynki" authorityYear="1897" box="[1171,1310,394,417]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gnaphosa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestior">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1171,1310,394,417]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">G. modestior</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Chyzer" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" refString="ChyZer, C. & KulcZynski, W. (1897) Araneae Hungariae. TOmi II-di pars pOsteriOr: ZOdariOidae, AgalenOidae, DrassOidae, ZOrOpseOidae, DysderOidae, FilistatOidae, CalOmmatOidae, TheraphOsOidae. Editio Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, Budapest, 226 pp. [pp. 145 - 370]" type="book chapter" year="1897" yearSuffix="p">Chyzer & Kulczyński 1897: p. 186</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). WithOut sufficient explanatiOn, OvtsharenkO and cOlleagues paired the male Of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kulczynki" authorityYear="1897" box="[1299,1436,429,452]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gnaphosa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestior">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1299,1436,429,452]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">G. modestior</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[205,302,464,487]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gnaphosa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpica">
|
||
<emphasis box="[205,302,464,487]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">G. alpica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
females (the males Of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[546,643,464,487]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gnaphosa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpica">
|
||
<emphasis box="[546,643,464,487]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">G. alpica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
had nOt been knOwn in that time) and synOnymised
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="in Chyzer & Kulczynski" authorityYear="1897" box="[1205,1285,464,487]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gnaphosa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laeta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1205,1285,464,487]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">G. laeta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(female Of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kulczynki" authorityYear="1897" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gnaphosa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestior">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">G. modestior</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) with
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Ovtsharenko et al. 1992" authorityName="Ovtsharenko et al." authorityYear="1992" box="[332,725,498,521]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gnaphosa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="291" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpica" status="new synonymy">
|
||
<emphasis box="[332,427,498,521]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">G. alpica</emphasis>
|
||
(OvtsharenkO
|
||
<emphasis box="[594,651,498,521]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1992)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. They used the name
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kulczynki" authorityYear="1897" box="[969,1107,498,521]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gnaphosa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestior">
|
||
<emphasis box="[969,1107,498,521]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">G. modestior</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
fOr Kulczyński’s females and matched
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Řezáč & Růžička & Oger & Řezáčová, 2018" authorityName="Řezáč & Růžička & Oger & Řezáčová" authorityYear="2018" box="[248,379,533,556]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gnaphosa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolanskyi" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[248,379,533,556]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">G. dolanskyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[385,443,533,556]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
males tO them.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="294" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1437,152,1067]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,493,568,591]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Ecology and Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Open xerOthermic habitats and fOrest-steppes. Adults in spring and summer. PannOnian biOregiOn: sOutheastern Czechia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Heneberg" box="[513,1037,602,625]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" refString="Heneberg, P. & ReZac, M. (2014) Dry sandpits and gravel sandpits serve as key refuges for endangered epigeic spiders (Araneae) and harvestmen (Opiliones) of Central European steppes aeolian sands. EcOlOgical Engineering, 73, 659 - 670. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ecoleng. 2014.09.101" type="journal article" year="2014">Heneberg & Řezáč 2014 and data in this article</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (the species is cOnsidered critically endangered in Czechia—Řezáč
|
||
<emphasis box="[501,558,637,660]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015),
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1802599541" country="Slovakia" location="nOrtheastern Austria" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[646,739,637,660]" name="Slovakia" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">SlOvakia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(GajdOš
|
||
<emphasis box="[843,900,637,660]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1999),
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:526987B3FFACB11257BF11ADFD28FBAC:DF1F607EFFABB11254F41707FB31FD13" box="[988,1208,637,660]" country="Slovakia" name="nOrtheastern Austria" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">nOrtheastern Austria</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Thaler" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" refString="Thaler, K. & Knoflach, B. (2004) Zur Faunistik der Spinnen (Araneae) von Osterreich: Gnaphosidae, Thomisidae (Dionycha pro parte). Linzer BiOlOgische Beitrage, 36 (1), 417 - 484." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Thaler & KnOflach 2004, sub
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[277,379,672,695]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gnaphosa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpica">
|
||
<emphasis box="[277,379,672,695]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">G. alpica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1802599532" collectingDate="2007-08-01" collectingDateMax="2007-08-02" collectingDateMin="2007-08-01" collectorName="L. Reischlova" country="Hungary" county="nOrtheastern CrOatia" location="SOuthern Italy" municipality="The" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[412,506,672,695]" name="Hungary" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Hungary</collectingCountry>
|
||
, sOuthwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[680,779,672,695]" name="Romania" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">ROmania</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty box="[798,1023,672,695]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">nOrtheastern CrOatia</collectingCounty>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Chyzer" box="[1045,1367,672,695]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" refString="ChyZer, C. & KulcZynski, W. (1897) Araneae Hungariae. TOmi II-di pars pOsteriOr: ZOdariOidae, AgalenOidae, DrassOidae, ZOrOpseOidae, DysderOidae, FilistatOidae, CalOmmatOidae, TheraphOsOidae. Editio Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, Budapest, 226 pp. [pp. 145 - 370]" type="book chapter" year="1897">Chyzer & Kulczyński 1897</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[1394,1435,672,695]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">The</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
pOpulatiOn frOm
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:526987B3FFACB11257BF11ADFD28FBAC:DF1F607EFFABB112566517B8FE6FFD5E" box="[333,486,706,729]" country="Hungary" county="nOrtheastern CrOatia" municipality="The" name="SOuthern Italy" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">SOuthern Italy</location>
|
||
(this study) is likely tO be part
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:526987B3FFACB11257BF11ADFD28FBAC:DF1F607EFFABB112541617B8FCDDFD5E" box="[830,852,706,729]" country="Hungary" county="nOrtheastern CrOatia" municipality="The" name="Of" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Of</location>
|
||
a cOntinuOus distributiOn acrOss
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:526987B3FFACB11257BF11ADFD28FBAC:DF1F607EFFABB112539317B8FAE4FD5E" box="[1211,1389,706,729]" country="Hungary" county="nOrtheastern CrOatia" municipality="The" name="Italy. In Czechia" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Italy. In Czechia</location>
|
||
this cOnspicuOus species was
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:526987B3FFACB11257BF11ADFD28FBAC:DF1F607EFFABB1125682179FFE50FD7B" box="[426,473,741,764]" country="Hungary" county="nOrtheastern CrOatia" municipality="The" name="Only" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Only</location>
|
||
recently fOund in several areas that have been arachnOlOgically well studied in the past.
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:526987B3FFACB11257BF11ADFD28FBAC:DF1F607EFFABB11257BF1672FE8AFC98" box="[151,259,776,799]" country="Hungary" county="nOrtheastern CrOatia" municipality="The" name="TherefOre" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">TherefOre</location>
|
||
, we suppOse that the current distributiOn in
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:526987B3FFACB11257BF11ADFD28FBAC:DF1F607EFFABB11255E71672FC39FC98" box="[719,944,776,799]" country="Hungary" county="nOrtheastern CrOatia" municipality="The" name="sOutheastern Czechia" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">sOutheastern Czechia</location>
|
||
might be a result
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:526987B3FFACB11257BF11ADFD28FBAC:DF1F607EFFABB11253441672FB0BFC98" box="[1132,1154,776,799]" country="Hungary" county="nOrtheastern CrOatia" municipality="The" name="Of" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Of</location>
|
||
a recent range expansiOn.
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,461,810,833]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:526987B3FFACB11257BF11ADFD28FBAC:DF1F607EFFABB11257BF1650FF7DFCC6" box="[151,244,810,833]" country="Hungary" county="nOrtheastern CrOatia" municipality="The" name="Material" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Material</location>
|
||
examined.
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:526987B3FFACB11257BF11ADFD28FBAC:DF1F607EFFABB11256461650FE4EFCC6" box="[366,455,810,833]" country="Hungary" county="nOrtheastern CrOatia" municipality="The" name="Czechia" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Czechia</location>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:526987B3FFACB11257BF11ADFD28FBAC:DF1F607EFFABB11256FC1650FDB9FCC6" box="[468,560,810,833]" country="Hungary" county="nOrtheastern CrOatia" municipality="The" name="Hnanice" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Hnanice</location>
|
||
, bOttOm
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:526987B3FFACB11257BF11ADFD28FBAC:DF1F607EFFABB11255A41650FD2BFCC6" box="[652,674,810,833]" country="Hungary" county="nOrtheastern CrOatia" municipality="The" name="Of" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Of</location>
|
||
the
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:526987B3FFACB11257BF11ADFD28FBAC:DF1F607EFFABB11255F91650FCB4FCC6" box="[721,829,810,833]" country="Hungary" county="nOrtheastern CrOatia" municipality="The" name="Dyje river" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Dyje river</location>
|
||
valley bellOw ŠObes vineyard (48.8084°, 15.9770°),
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:526987B3FFACB11257BF11ADFD28FBAC:DF1F607EFFABB112525D1650FF5DFCE4" country="Hungary" county="nOrtheastern CrOatia" municipality="The" name="Oak forest" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Oak forest</location>
|
||
fringe, 4
|
||
<collectingDate box="[322,490,843,867]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" value="2007-08-02">
|
||
<date box="[322,490,843,867]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" value="2007-08-02">August 2007, 2</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
♂♂, 25
|
||
<collectingDate box="[591,759,843,867]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" value="2007-08-01">
|
||
<date box="[591,759,843,867]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" value="2007-08-01">August 2007, 1</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
♂, leg.
|
||
<collectorName box="[852,1005,843,867]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">L. Reischlová</collectorName>
|
||
, coll
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1802599538" collectingDate="2013-05-01" collectorName="Z. Majkus & A. Jelinek" country="Hungary" county="Podmoli" location="Oak fOrest" municipality="Dlouhy Les fOrest" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-male="3">
|
||
<collectorName box="[1074,1189,843,867]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Z. Majkus</collectorName>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCounty box="[1202,1295,843,867]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Podmolí</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Dlouhý Les fOrest</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(48.8348°, 15.9506°), xerOthermic sparse
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:526987B3FFACB11257BF11ADFD28FBAC:DF1F607EFFABB11255B01617FC88FC03" box="[664,769,877,900]" country="Hungary" county="Podmoli" municipality="Dlouhy Les fOrest" name="Oak fOrest" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Oak fOrest</location>
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:526987B3FFACB11257BF11ADFD28FBAC:DF1F607EFFABB112542F1617FCABFC03" box="[775,802,877,900]" country="Hungary" county="Podmoli" municipality="Dlouhy Les fOrest" name="On" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">On</location>
|
||
the steep rOcky slOpe, 15
|
||
<collectingDate box="[1077,1212,877,900]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" value="2013-05-01">
|
||
<date box="[1077,1212,877,900]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" value="2013-05-01">
|
||
May 2013,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1199,1212,877,900]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" type="male">1</specimenCount>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
♂, 9 April—23
|
||
<date pageId="5" pageNumber="294" value="2014-05-02">
|
||
May 2014,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[217,230,909,933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" type="male">2</specimenCount>
|
||
</date>
|
||
♂♂, leg. & coll.
|
||
<collectorName box="[414,526,909,933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">A. Jelínek</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1802599534" collectingDate="2012-06-01" collectorName="M. Rezac" country="Hungary" location="Dolni Bojanovice" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:526987B3FFACB11257BF11ADFD28FBAC:DF1F607EFFABB112553016F7FD5DFC22" box="[536,724,909,933]" country="Hungary" name="Dolni Bojanovice" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Dolní Bojanovice</location>
|
||
(48.876°, 17.052°), xerothermic edge of a wood, 28 April—8
|
||
<collectingDate pageId="5" pageNumber="294" value="2012-06-01">
|
||
<date pageId="5" pageNumber="294" value="2012-06-01">
|
||
June 2012,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[218,228,943,967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" type="male">1</specimenCount>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
♂
|
||
<specimenCount box="[258,291,943,967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, leg.
|
||
<collectorName box="[351,453,943,967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">M. Řezáč</collectorName>
|
||
& P
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1802599540" collectingDate="2015-05-01" collectionCode="EBMP" collectorName="M. Rezac" country="Hungary" location="Heneberg" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:526987B3FFACB11257BF11ADFD28FBAC:DF1F607EFFABB112552A16D5FDE5FC40" box="[514,620,943,967]" country="Hungary" name="Heneberg" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Heneberg</location>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectionCode box="[684,757,944,967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">EBMP</collectionCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Heneberg" box="[770,1040,943,967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" refString="Heneberg, P. & ReZac, M. (2014) Dry sandpits and gravel sandpits serve as key refuges for endangered epigeic spiders (Araneae) and harvestmen (Opiliones) of Central European steppes aeolian sands. EcOlOgical Engineering, 73, 659 - 670. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ecoleng. 2014.09.101" type="journal article" year="2014">Heneberg & Řezáč 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); Hodonín, Pánov reserve (48.8887°, 17.1379°), sands with sparse steppe vegetatiOn, 17
|
||
<collectingDate box="[697,833,977,1000]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" value="2015-05-01">
|
||
<date box="[697,833,977,1000]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" value="2015-05-01">
|
||
May 2015,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[820,833,977,1000]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" type="female">1</specimenCount>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
♀, leg.
|
||
<collectorName box="[919,1025,977,1000]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">M. Řezáč</collectorName>
|
||
, cOll
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1802599533" collectingDate="2013-11" collectionCode="EBMP" country="Italy" elevation="1100" location="Mediterranean fOrest" municipality="Bagaladi" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Calabria">
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1089,1162,977,1000]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">EBMP</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1172,1230,977,1000]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1172,1224,977,1000]" name="Italy" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1236,1331,977,1000]" country="Italy" name="Calabria" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Calabria</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[1341,1436,977,1000]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Bagaladi</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(30.0553°, 15.812°),
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:526987B3FFACB11257BF11ADFD28FBAC:DF1F607EFFABB11256561688FDEAFB8E" box="[382,611,1010,1033]" country="Italy" municipality="Bagaladi" name="Mediterranean fOrest" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" stateProvince="Calabria">Mediterranean fOrest</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation box="[624,767,1010,1033]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" unit="m" value="1100.0">
|
||
<quantity box="[624,707,1010,1033]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate box="[783,957,1010,1033]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" value="2013-11">
|
||
<date box="[783,957,1010,1033]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" value="2013-11">NOvember 2013</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
—
|
||
<date box="[985,1126,1010,1033]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" value="2014-06-01">June 2014, 1</date>
|
||
♂, 1♀,
|
||
<collectingMethod box="[1222,1349,1010,1033]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">pitfall traps</collectingMethod>
|
||
, leg. E. CastigliOne & F. Manti, persOnal cOll. Of P. Oger.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |