152 lines
16 KiB
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152 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document id="A3535C449770A90EC5CAEE16C93119D3" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5182357" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5182357" ID-ZooBank="B5F53E47-00E9-461C-9E14-C8206B9F335A" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1628301354410" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Gillett, Conrad P. D. T. & Gillett, Michael P. T." docDate="2015" docId="523887F3FFD23148FDC0C88BFC1CFE5E" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.0433.1-9.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2015 (433)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC.3:InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleId="6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Tomarus cuniculus" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="AE01FF8BFFD7314FFD00CD49FFF6FFC4" masterDocTitle="The Dynastinae of the island of Saba, Dutch Caribbean (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)" masterLastPageNumber="9" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1699041811778" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:title id="2EA69C068C43F64477F92DDD70DC397D">The Dynastinae of the island of Saba, Dutch Caribbean (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B46D0376C20FE2652568914D15508465">Gillett, Conrad P. D. T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C8E2E7EFF72BAE6C32B2EE8B6A1DC09F">Gillett, Michael P. T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B557EAC154A1C3A61267FE8CCB099158">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="F534A636404DA2CFCC1CFBD64C2BDEFF">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="263F0EDA0E25D632277ED3AB074BB9ED">
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<mods:date id="8ACCE5C56C134C3AD2B2B2B525AFAA56">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8B9A2F16005F8E2DBA13618D8D44F5C3">2015-07-24</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="07804477A79D3DFF42335A812113C392" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="09F1E0D58FB6396C977E897A3E8596E8">2015</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="C635E35DC9AD72016C1C3A3CE06DE5D2" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="C2DFBD259818E5D86B4FCA15C34C9843">433</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="5EEA9385EA98976D5C028AB83C7EEFA3">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="5A1F3F930E4536C51C28DB4F1FA729B2" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5182357</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2FE0456EC1036223F714FE1A912301A6" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="19355D1D7124E059E6AA9DDCA364F19F" type="Zenodo-Dep">5182357</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="523887F3FFD23148FDC0C88BFC1CFE5E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:523887F3FFD23148FDC0C88BFC1CFE5E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/523887F3FFD23148FDC0C88BFC1CFE5E" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
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<subSubSection id="928B656EFFD2314AFDC0C88BFD41FA1D" box="[192,695,1473,1498]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="DA2E36E5FFD2314AFDC0C88BFD41FA1D" blockId="5.[192,695,1473,1530]" box="[192,695,1473,1498]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
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<heading id="81668189FFD2314AFDC0C88BFD41FA1D" bold="true" box="[192,695,1473,1498]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="1D914D66FFD2314AFDC0C88BFD41FA1D" authority="(Fabricius, 1801)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[192,695,1473,1498]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Tomarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuniculus">
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<emphasis id="E8E5EAF7FFD2314AFDC0C88BFD41FA1D" bold="true" box="[192,695,1473,1498]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="E8E5EAF7FFD2314AFDC0C88BFE3FFA1E" bold="true" box="[192,457,1473,1498]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Tomarus cuniculus</emphasis>
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(Fabricius, 1801)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="928B656EFFD2314AFDC0C8ABFCC3F8DE" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" type="description">
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<paragraph id="DA2E36E5FFD2314AFDC0C8ABFEDEFA3D" blockId="5.[192,695,1473,1530]" box="[192,296,1505,1530]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
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<figureCitation id="42AA2A60FFD2314AFDC0C8ABFEDEFA3D" box="[192,296,1505,1530]" captionStart="Figures 5–7" captionStartId="8.[192,288,1869,1891]" captionTargetBox="[382,1242,209,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-46@8.[371,1259,192,1851]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figures 5–7. Dynastinae of Saba. 5) Cyclocephala mafaffa Burmeister. 6) Tomarus cuniculus (Fabricius). 7) Phileurus valgus antillarum Prell. Scales in millimetres. Photographs by Harry Taylor." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5182363" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5182363/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Figure 6</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DA2E36E5FFD2314AFDC0CB68FDEBF9FE" blockId="5.[192,541,1569,1594]" box="[192,541,1569,1594]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="E8E5EAF7FFD2314AFDC0CB68FE1CF9FD" bold="true" box="[192,490,1569,1593]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Specimens examined:</emphasis>
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128
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DA2E36E5FFD2314AFDC0CB28FCCBF97D" blockId="5.[192,1441,1633,1722]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="E8E5EAF7FFD2314AFDC0CB28FE49F9BE" bold="true" box="[192,447,1633,1658]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Saba locality data.</emphasis>
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The Level; English Quarter (Windwardside); Windwardside; The Bottom; Upper Mountain Road (Maskerhorne Hill); Lower Mountain Road (Windwardside); Crispeen. These records constitute
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<emphasis id="E8E5EAF7FFD2314AFC43CBEBFCCBF97D" bold="true" box="[323,829,1697,1722]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">NEW COUNTRY/ISLAND RECORDS.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DA2E36E5FFD2314AFDC0CBABFCC3F8DE" blockId="5.[192,1440,1761,1818]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="E8E5EAF7FFD2314AFDC0CBABFE64F93E" bold="true" box="[192,402,1762,1786]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Temporal data.</emphasis>
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January (1), February (2), March (5), April (9), May (49), June (19), July (18), August (5), September (1), October (11), and November (7).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="928B656EFFD23148FDC0CA08FB72FEFE" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="DA2E36E5FFD23148FDC0CA08FB72FEFE" blockId="5.[192,1440,1857,1914]" lastBlockId="7.[192,1440,194,314]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="E8E5EAF7FFD2314AFDC0CA08FE82F89D" bold="true" box="[192,372,1857,1881]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Widely distributed from the southern
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<collectingCountry id="A2867675FFD2314AFE5ECA0BFBFDF89E" box="[862,1035,1858,1882]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">United States</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingRegion id="1855F807FFD2314AF91DCA0BFB8EF89E" box="[1053,1144,1858,1882]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Florida</collectingRegion>
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) to northeastern South America (
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<bibRefCitation id="BE004B14FFD2314AFC38CA2BFE15F8BD" author="Endrodi, S." box="[312,483,1889,1914]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" refId="ref3931" refString="Endrodi, S. 1985. The Dynastinae of the World. Dr W. Junk; Dordrecht, Netherlands. 800 p., 46 pl." type="book" year="1985">Endrödi 1985</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="BE004B14FFD2314AFCF0CA2BFCE5F8BE" author="Peck, S. B. & M. C. Thomas" box="[496,787,1890,1914]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 180" refId="ref4463" refString="Peck, S. B., and M. C. Thomas. 1998. A distributional checklist of the beetles (Coleoptera) of Florida. Arthropods of Florida and Neighboring Land Areas 16: 1 - 180." type="journal article" year="1998">Peck and Thomas 1998</bibRefCitation>
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). The species is widespread across much of the West Indies, with records from
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<collectingCountry id="A2867675FFD03148FF0ECD8BFD8AFF1E" box="[526,636,194,218]" name="Anguilla" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Anguilla</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="A2867675FFD03148FF8BCD8BFD04FF1E" box="[651,754,194,218]" name="Antigua and Barbuda" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Antigua</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="A2867675FFD03148FE02CD8BFC8FFF1E" box="[770,889,194,218]" name="Bahamas" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="A2867675FFD03148FE8ACD8BFBF4FF1E" box="[906,1026,194,218]" name="Barbados" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Barbados</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="A2867675FFD03148F911CD8BFB71FF1E" box="[1041,1159,194,218]" name="Bermuda" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
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, the
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<collectingCountry id="A2867675FFD03148F9CBCD8BFA6CFF1E" box="[1227,1434,194,218]" name="Cayman Islands" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Cayman Islands</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="A2867675FFD03148FDC0CDABFEF2FF3E" box="[192,260,226,250]" name="Cuba" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Cuba</collectingCountry>
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, La Désirade,
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<collectingCountry id="A2867675FFD03148FCB4CDABFDDBFF3E" box="[436,557,226,250]" name="Dominica" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Dominica</collectingCountry>
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, Guadeloupe, Guana, Hispaniola, Les Saintes,
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<collectingCountry id="A2867675FFD03148F96ECDABFB2EFF3E" box="[1134,1240,226,250]" name="Jamaica" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
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, Marie-Galante, Martinique, Mona, Montserrat,
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<collectingCountry id="A2867675FFD03148FF47CC4BFD66FEDE" box="[583,656,258,282]" name="Saint Kitts and Nevis" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Nevis</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="A2867675FFD03148FF9BCC4BFCDBFEDE" box="[667,813,258,282]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="A2867675FFD03148FE38CC4BFC00FEDE" box="[824,1014,258,282]" name="Saint Barthelemy" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">St. Barthélémy</collectingCountry>
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, St. Croix, St. John,
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<collectingCountry id="A2867675FFD03148F9EFCC4BFA85FEDE" box="[1263,1395,258,282]" name="Sint Martin" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">St. Martin</collectingCountry>
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, St. Thomas,
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<collectingCountry id="A2867675FFD03148FC31CC6BFE48FEFE" box="[305,446,290,314]" name="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">St. Vincent</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry id="A2867675FFD03148FF00CC6BFD9AFEFE" box="[512,620,290,314]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="BE004B14FFD03148FF7BCC6BFCB7FEFE" author="Peck, S. B. & M. C. Thomas & R. H. Turnbow, Jr." box="[635,833,290,314]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 156" refId="ref4504" refString="Peck, S. B., M. C. Thomas, and R. H. Turnbow, Jr. 2014. The diversity and distributions of the beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera) of the Guadeloupe Archipelago (Grande-Terre, Basse-Terre, La Desirade, Marie-Galante, Les Saintes, and Petite-Terre), Lesser Antilles. Insect Mundi 0352: 1 - 156." type="book chapter" year="2014">Peck et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="BE004B14FFD03148FE4ECC6BFB81FEFE" author="Ratcliffe, B. C. & R. D. Cave" box="[846,1143,290,314]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" pagination="651 - 663" refId="ref4635" refString="Ratcliffe, B. C., and R. D. Cave. 2008. A biotic survey and inventory of the dynastine scarab beetles of Mesoamerica, North America, and the West Indies: review of a long-term, multicountry project. Zoosystema 30 (3): 651 - 663." type="journal article" year="2008">Ratcliffe and Cave 2008</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="8EEE666DFFD13149FDC0CBA4FE98F8B3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5182361" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5182361" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5182361/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" startId="6.[192,288,1773,1795]" targetBox="[308,1333,201,1754]" targetPageId="6">
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<paragraph id="DA2E36E5FFD13149FDC0CBA4FE98F8B3" blockId="6.[192,1440,1773,1911]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis id="E8E5EAF7FFD13149FDC0CBA4FEA3F8C7" bold="true" box="[192,341,1773,1795]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Figures 3–4.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="1D914D66FFD13149FC5ACBA7FE2CF8C0" authorityName="MacLeay" authorityYear="1819" box="[346,474,1774,1796]" pageId="6" pageNumber="2" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Dynastinae">Dynastinae</taxonomicName>
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habitats on Saba.
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<emphasis id="E8E5EAF7FFD13149FFA2CBA4FD4FF8C7" bold="true" box="[674,697,1773,1795]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">3)</emphasis>
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The middle slopes of Great Hill near The Bottom, Saba, with typical vegetation of the island’s mesophilic zone. The dynastine
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<taxonomicName id="1D914D66FFD13149FE24CA43FBA1F8DB" authorityName="Prell. Scales" authorityYear="1912" box="[804,1111,1802,1823]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Phileurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="valgus" subSpecies="antillarum">
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<emphasis id="E8E5EAF7FFD13149FE24CA43FBA1F8DB" box="[804,1111,1802,1823]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Phileurus valgus antillarum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was bred from larvae collected at this locality.
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<emphasis id="E8E5EAF7FFD13149FC6CCA6EFE75F8F9" bold="true" box="[364,387,1831,1853]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">4)</emphasis>
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Spring Bay, Saba, showing the dry grassland and steep slopes that are typical of the xerophilic zone of the island at its southern and western edges. No dynastines were collected in this zone. Photographs by M. P. T. Gillett.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="928B656EFFD03148FDC0CC2BFC1CFE5E" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="DA2E36E5FFD03148FDC0CC2BFC1CFE5E" blockId="7.[192,1440,354,410]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="E8E5EAF7FFD03148FDC0CC2BFEB2FEBE" bold="true" box="[192,324,354,378]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Remarks.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="BE004B14FFD03148FC4CCC2BFE2AFEBE" author="Peck, S. B. & M. C. Thomas & R. H. Turnbow, Jr." box="[332,476,354,378]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 156" refId="ref4504" refString="Peck, S. B., M. C. Thomas, and R. H. Turnbow, Jr. 2014. The diversity and distributions of the beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera) of the Guadeloupe Archipelago (Grande-Terre, Basse-Terre, La Desirade, Marie-Galante, Les Saintes, and Petite-Terre), Lesser Antilles. Insect Mundi 0352: 1 - 156." type="book chapter" year="2014">Peck (2014)</bibRefCitation>
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noted that the larvae of
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<taxonomicName id="1D914D66FFD03148FE13CC2BFC5DFEBE" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[787,939,354,378]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Tomarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuniculus">
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<emphasis id="E8E5EAF7FFD03148FE13CC2BFC5DFEBE" box="[787,939,354,378]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">T. cuniculus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are a pest of sugar cane but can also be saprophagous or coprophagous. The adults are attracted to lights.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |