264 lines
37 KiB
XML
264 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="DA7B1186DC4ECA17A9666E8B08342491" ID-CLB-Dataset="26507" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4615.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f8ebafc8-79ab-4eef-b52b-8c207ff2b1ec" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3244638" ID-ZooBank="9B9884DA-18D5-4BC9-950F-0436E075AAF8" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1560402561141" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Alvizu, Adriana, Xavier, Joana R. & Rapp, Hans Tore" docDate="2019" docId="513F790DFFC4FFA9E994D05BFC014B9C" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4615.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4615 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Achramorpha grandinis Jenkin 1908" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="218" masterDocId="AD060175FFD5FFB8E903D13DFF954C64" masterDocTitle="Description of new chiactine-bearing sponges provides insights into the higher classification of Calcaronea (Porifera: Calcarea)" masterLastPageNumber="251" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="218" updateTime="1698735438809" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="8263E771D6E199AD414153825F2ED199">
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<mods:title id="140542257E5129E38D7FB5397184C4DA">Description of new chiactine-bearing sponges provides insights into the higher classification of Calcaronea (Porifera: Calcarea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C43DDAEAEA1ADDC437396D5FF20F8873">Alvizu, Adriana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6F630A5D7C7779696376B36967851B6F">Xavier, Joana R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="0EAE4DEA1AFE9BAF6856DD112F924975" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="8C71DF2C7AF646FB04B54B13D9ADC9A7">Rapp, Hans Tore</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E8C13307E124A7023406CDD47FB0C16A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="5C473B516E33D38073FA8EB5092C4B6C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="91FCCB164D33715A3CDF62090C415EC9">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E854FE7C398E251070169DC808DAECD6">2019-06-13</mods:number>
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<treatment id="513F790DFFC4FFA9E994D05BFC014B9C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5584066" ID-GBIF-Taxon="157533045" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5584066" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:513F790DFFC4FFA9E994D05BFC014B9C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/513F790DFFC4FFA9E994D05BFC014B9C" lastPageNumber="218" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
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<subSubSection id="918C9B90FFC4FFA9E994D05BFDF74DE4" box="[151,610,358,385]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D929C81BFFC4FFA9E994D05BFDF74DE4" blockId="17.[151,610,358,421]" box="[151,610,358,385]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
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<heading id="82617F77FFC4FFA9E994D05BFDF74DE4" bold="true" box="[151,610,358,385]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="1E96B398FFC4FFA9E994D05BFDF74DE4" ID-CoL="64GXM" authority="Jenkin, 1908" authorityName="Jenkin" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,610,358,385]" class="Calcarea" family="Achramorphidae" genus="Achramorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="grandinis">
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<emphasis id="EBE21409FFC4FFA9E994D05BFDF74DE4" bold="true" box="[151,610,358,385]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
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<emphasis id="EBE21409FFC4FFA9E994D05BFE294DE5" bold="true" box="[151,444,358,385]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Achramorpha grandinis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="BD07B5EAFFC4FFA9E8C0D05BFDF74DE4" author="Jenkin, C. F." box="[451,610,358,384]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" pagination="1 - 49" refId="ref27105" refString="Jenkin, C. F. (1908) Porifera. III. Calcarea. National Antarctic Expedition, 1901 - 1904, Natural History, 4, Zoology, 1 - 49, pls. XXVII-XXXVIII." type="journal article" year="1908">Jenkin, 1908</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="918C9B90FFC4FFA9E994D0B7FB7E4D88" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" type="description">
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<paragraph id="D929C81BFFC4FFA9E994D0B7FE124DC1" blockId="17.[151,610,358,421]" box="[151,391,394,421]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
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(
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<figureCitation id="41ADD49EFFC4FFA9E99CD0B7FF704DC0" box="[159,229,394,420]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1912,1937]" captionTargetBox="[224,1364,166,1892]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[224,1364,166,1892]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 6A–H. Achramorpha grandinis. A: preserved holotype BMNH-1907.8.6.108. B–C: SEM of the cortical layer. D–E: histological section of the cortical layer and oscular region. F–H: SEM images of spicules; microdiactine (F), cortical triactine (G) and chiactines and tetractine (H). Abbreviations: Chi = chiactines; Di = diactines; Mic = microdiactines; Os = osculum; Tet = tetractines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3244646/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Figs 6</figureCitation>
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A–H;
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<tableCitation id="9414FDA0FFC4FFA9E829D0B7FEEB4DC1" box="[298,382,394,421]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="19.[151,239,154,178]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="TABLE 6. Spicule measurements of Achramorpha grandinis (holotype BMNH-1907.8.6.108). Measurements from the original description by Jenkin (1908) are included below." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/8DE99893FFC6FFABE994D1A7FD6F4CB2" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" tableUuid="8DE99893FFC6FFABE994D1A7FD6F4CB2">Table 6</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D929C81BFFC4FFA9E994D0ECFB7E4D88" blockId="17.[151,1437,465,2040]" box="[151,1259,465,493]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
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<emphasis id="EBE21409FFC4FFA9E994D0ECFE054D88" bold="true" box="[151,400,465,492]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Original description.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="BD07B5EAFFC4FFA9E894D0EFFDB74D88" author="Jenkin, C. F." box="[407,546,466,492]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" pagination="1 - 49" refId="ref27105" refString="Jenkin, C. F. (1908) Porifera. III. Calcarea. National Antarctic Expedition, 1901 - 1904, Natural History, 4, Zoology, 1 - 49, pls. XXVII-XXXVIII." type="journal article" year="1908">Jenkin 1908</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 32, pl. XXVII, figs 4, pl. XXXIV and XXXV, figs 103–104.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="918C9B90FFC4FFA9E9C4D0CBFD6A4F68" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="D929C81BFFC4FFA9E9C4D0CBFD084E74" blockId="17.[151,1437,465,2040]" box="[199,669,501,528]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
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<emphasis id="EBE21409FFC4FFA9E9C4D0CBFEF34E74" bold="true" box="[199,358,501,528]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
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<typeStatus id="062D76B9FFC4FFA9E9C4D0CBFE974E74" box="[199,258,502,528]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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Winter Quarters, Antarctic.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D929C81BFFC4FFA9E9C4D324FBFF4E3C" blockId="17.[151,1437,465,2040]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
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<emphasis id="EBE21409FFC4FFA9E9C4D324FE7C4E50" bold="true" box="[199,489,537,564]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Synonyms and citations.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="1E96B398FFC4FFA9E8F3D327FBD64E50" authority=", Dendy & Row 1913, p. 765" authorityName="Dendy & Row" authorityPageNumber="765" authorityYear="1913" box="[496,1091,537,565]" class="Calcarea" family="Achramorphidae" genus="Achramorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="grandinis">
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<emphasis id="EBE21409FFC4FFA9E8F3D327FD684E50" box="[496,765,538,564]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Achramorpha grandinis</emphasis>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="BD07B5EAFFC4FFA9EA08D327FC7A4E50" author="Dendy, A. & Row, R. W. H." box="[779,1007,538,565]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" pagination="704 - 813" refId="ref26544" refString="Dendy, A. & Row, R. W. H. (1913) The classification and phylogeny of the calcareous sponges with a reference list of all the described species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 83, 704 - 813. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1913. tb 06152. x" type="journal article" year="1913">Dendy & Row 1913</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 765
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="1E96B398FFC4FFA9ED4DD326FF514E3C" authority="Hozawa 1918, p. 542" authorityName="Hozawa" authorityPageNumber="542" authorityYear="1918" class="Calcarea" family="Achramorphidae" genus="Achramorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="grandinis">
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<emphasis id="EBE21409FFC4FFA9ED4DD326FB4D4E50" box="[1102,1240,538,565]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">A. grandinis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="BD07B5EAFFC4FFA9EDDCD327FAE84E50" author="Hozawa, S." box="[1247,1405,538,564]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" pagination="525 - 556" refId="ref27050" refString="Hozawa, S. (1918) Reports on the calcareous sponges collected during 1906 by the United States Fisheries Steamer Albatross in the Northwestern Pacific. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 54, 525 - 556. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.54 - 2247.525" type="journal article" year="1918">Hôzawa 1918</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 542
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="1E96B398FFC4FFA9E9D3D302FDC34E3C" authority=", Bronsted 1931, p. 32" authorityName="Bronsted" authorityPageNumber="32" authorityYear="1931" box="[208,598,574,601]" class="Calcarea" family="Achramorphidae" genus="Achramorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="grandinis">
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<emphasis id="EBE21409FFC4FFA9E9D3D302FECF4E3C" box="[208,346,574,601]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">A. grandinis</emphasis>
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, Brønsted 1931, p. 32
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="1E96B398FFC4FFA9EB62D302FC5A4E3C" authority=", Burton 1963, p. 93" authorityName=", Burton" authorityPageNumber="93" authorityYear="1963" box="[609,975,574,601]" class="Calcarea" family="Achramorphidae" genus="Achramorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="grandinis">
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<emphasis id="EBE21409FFC4FFA9EB62D302FD7E4E3C" box="[609,747,574,601]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">A. grandinis</emphasis>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="BD07B5EAFFC4FFA9EBF9D302FC1F4E3C" author="Burton, M." box="[762,906,574,601]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" refId="ref26370" refString="Burton, M. (1963) A revision of the classification of the calcareous sponges: With a catalogue of the specimens in the British Museum (Natural History). Order of the trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 693 pp." type="book" year="1963">Burton 1963</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 93
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</taxonomicName>
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, 525, fig 331.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D929C81BFFC4FFA9E9C4D35CFAAF4E19" blockId="17.[151,1437,465,2040]" box="[199,1338,609,637]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
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<emphasis id="EBE21409FFC4FFA9E9C4D35CFDBB4E18" bold="true" box="[199,558,609,636]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
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Material examined.
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<typeStatus id="062D76B9FFC4FFA9E8B4D35FFDBD4E18" box="[439,552,610,636]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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BMNH-1907.8.6.108 (one fragment of the specimen and two slides).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D929C81BFFC4FFA9E9C4D3BBFD6A4F68" blockId="17.[151,1437,465,2040]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
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<emphasis id="EBE21409FFC4FFA9E9C4D3BBFEF44EC4" bold="true" box="[199,353,646,672]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Morphology.</emphasis>
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Based on the fragment examined, the specimen seems to be cylindrical and slender towards one end, which probably is where the osculum was (
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<figureCitation id="41ADD49EFFC4FFA9EBA8D397FD684EA1" box="[683,765,682,709]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1912,1937]" captionTargetBox="[224,1364,166,1892]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[224,1364,166,1892]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 6A–H. Achramorpha grandinis. A: preserved holotype BMNH-1907.8.6.108. B–C: SEM of the cortical layer. D–E: histological section of the cortical layer and oscular region. F–H: SEM images of spicules; microdiactine (F), cortical triactine (G) and chiactines and tetractine (H). Abbreviations: Chi = chiactines; Di = diactines; Mic = microdiactines; Os = osculum; Tet = tetractines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3244646/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Fig 6A</figureCitation>
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||
). Surface hispid due to very long and scattered diactines that protrude the surface. The size of the
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<typeStatus id="062D76B9FFC4FFA9EB2DD3F3FD054E8C" box="[558,656,718,744]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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||
fragment is 6.0 mm in length and
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||
<quantity id="1E6E65FEFFC4FFA9ED13D3F0FBF04E8D" box="[1040,1125,717,745]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
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wide. It was not possible to determine the type of aquiferous system of the species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="918C9B90FFC4FFA9E9C4D228FC7049B9" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="D929C81BFFC4FFA9E9C4D228FCFE4F81" blockId="17.[151,1437,465,2040]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
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||
<emphasis id="EBE21409FFC4FFA9E9C4D228FEA04F54" bold="true" box="[199,309,789,816]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Skeleton.</emphasis>
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||
Cortical skeleton made up of tangential triactines, long protruding diactines, and microdiactines irregularly scattered (
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||
<figureCitation id="41ADD49EFFC4FFA9E877D207FE2F4F31" box="[372,442,826,853]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1912,1937]" captionTargetBox="[224,1364,166,1892]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[224,1364,166,1892]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 6A–H. Achramorpha grandinis. A: preserved holotype BMNH-1907.8.6.108. B–C: SEM of the cortical layer. D–E: histological section of the cortical layer and oscular region. F–H: SEM images of spicules; microdiactine (F), cortical triactine (G) and chiactines and tetractine (H). Abbreviations: Chi = chiactines; Di = diactines; Mic = microdiactines; Os = osculum; Tet = tetractines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3244646/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Figs 6</figureCitation>
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B–C). The long diactines can cross the atrial wall. Chiactines compose the atrial skeleton, and they are placed with the unpaired actines pointing and projecting the cortical skeleton. The apical actines project towards the atrial cavity (
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<figureCitation id="41ADD49EFFC4FFA9E8B0D2BFFD924FF9" box="[435,519,898,925]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1912,1937]" captionTargetBox="[224,1364,166,1892]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[224,1364,166,1892]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 6A–H. Achramorpha grandinis. A: preserved holotype BMNH-1907.8.6.108. B–C: SEM of the cortical layer. D–E: histological section of the cortical layer and oscular region. F–H: SEM images of spicules; microdiactine (F), cortical triactine (G) and chiactines and tetractine (H). Abbreviations: Chi = chiactines; Di = diactines; Mic = microdiactines; Os = osculum; Tet = tetractines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3244646/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Fig 6D</figureCitation>
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). The oscular region is built up by tri- and tetractines placed with the unpaired actines pointing towards the base of the sponge. The short apical actines of the tetractines are bent upwards and crosses the atrial wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="41ADD49EFFC4FFA9E843D2F7FE594F81" box="[320,460,970,997]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1912,1937]" captionTargetBox="[224,1364,166,1892]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[224,1364,166,1892]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 6A–H. Achramorpha grandinis. A: preserved holotype BMNH-1907.8.6.108. B–C: SEM of the cortical layer. D–E: histological section of the cortical layer and oscular region. F–H: SEM images of spicules; microdiactine (F), cortical triactine (G) and chiactines and tetractine (H). Abbreviations: Chi = chiactines; Di = diactines; Mic = microdiactines; Os = osculum; Tet = tetractines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3244646/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Figs 6E, 6H</figureCitation>
|
||
). There is no oscular fringe (
|
||
<figureCitation id="41ADD49EFFC4FFA9EA0ED2F7FCCB4F81" box="[781,862,970,997]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1912,1937]" captionTargetBox="[224,1364,166,1892]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[224,1364,166,1892]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 6A–H. Achramorpha grandinis. A: preserved holotype BMNH-1907.8.6.108. B–C: SEM of the cortical layer. D–E: histological section of the cortical layer and oscular region. F–H: SEM images of spicules; microdiactine (F), cortical triactine (G) and chiactines and tetractine (H). Abbreviations: Chi = chiactines; Di = diactines; Mic = microdiactines; Os = osculum; Tet = tetractines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3244646/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Fig 6E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D929C81BFFC4FFA9E9C4D2D0FD5F4849" blockId="17.[151,1437,465,2040]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<emphasis id="EBE21409FFC4FFA9E9C4D2D0FEA5486C" bold="true" box="[199,304,1005,1032]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Spicules.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="EBE21409FFC4FFA9E838D2D3FD92486C" box="[315,519,1006,1032]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Cortical diactines</emphasis>
|
||
: long and straight diactines that taper in sharp points. Size: 879.1 ± 408.0 µm length, 15.4 ±
|
||
<quantity id="1E6E65FEFFC4FFA9E839D52FFE1F4849" box="[314,394,1042,1069]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="4.3">4.3 µm</quantity>
|
||
width (
|
||
<figureCitation id="41ADD49EFFC4FFA9E8DCD52FFDB34848" box="[479,550,1042,1068]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1912,1937]" captionTargetBox="[224,1364,166,1892]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[224,1364,166,1892]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 6A–H. Achramorpha grandinis. A: preserved holotype BMNH-1907.8.6.108. B–C: SEM of the cortical layer. D–E: histological section of the cortical layer and oscular region. F–H: SEM images of spicules; microdiactine (F), cortical triactine (G) and chiactines and tetractine (H). Abbreviations: Chi = chiactines; Di = diactines; Mic = microdiactines; Os = osculum; Tet = tetractines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3244646/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Figs 6</figureCitation>
|
||
B–C;
|
||
<tableCitation id="9414FDA0FFC4FFA9EB64D52FFD294849" box="[615,700,1042,1069]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="19.[151,239,154,178]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="TABLE 6. Spicule measurements of Achramorpha grandinis (holotype BMNH-1907.8.6.108). Measurements from the original description by Jenkin (1908) are included below." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/8DE99893FFC6FFABE994D1A7FD6F4CB2" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" tableUuid="8DE99893FFC6FFABE994D1A7FD6F4CB2">Table 6</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D929C81BFFC4FFA9E9C4D50BFB9B4811" blockId="17.[151,1437,465,2040]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<emphasis id="EBE21409FFC4FFA9E9C4D50BFEFA4834" box="[199,367,1078,1104]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Microdiactines</emphasis>
|
||
: small and nearly straight. One blunt tip and the other hastate. Surface with small scattered spines. Size: 93.6 ±
|
||
<quantity id="1E6E65FEFFC4FFA9E87AD567FE424811" box="[377,471,1114,1141]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.03" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="20.3">20.3 µm</quantity>
|
||
length, 4.0 ±
|
||
<quantity id="1E6E65FEFFC4FFA9EB71D567FD574811" box="[626,706,1114,1141]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 µm</quantity>
|
||
width (
|
||
<figureCitation id="41ADD49EFFC4FFA9EA14D567FC0A4810" box="[791,927,1114,1140]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1912,1937]" captionTargetBox="[224,1364,166,1892]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[224,1364,166,1892]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 6A–H. Achramorpha grandinis. A: preserved holotype BMNH-1907.8.6.108. B–C: SEM of the cortical layer. D–E: histological section of the cortical layer and oscular region. F–H: SEM images of spicules; microdiactine (F), cortical triactine (G) and chiactines and tetractine (H). Abbreviations: Chi = chiactines; Di = diactines; Mic = microdiactines; Os = osculum; Tet = tetractines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3244646/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Figs 6C, 6F</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="9414FDA0FFC4FFA9EAA8D567FC6A4811" box="[939,1023,1114,1141]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="19.[151,239,154,178]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="TABLE 6. Spicule measurements of Achramorpha grandinis (holotype BMNH-1907.8.6.108). Measurements from the original description by Jenkin (1908) are included below." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/8DE99893FFC6FFABE994D1A7FD6F4CB2" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" tableUuid="8DE99893FFC6FFABE994D1A7FD6F4CB2">Table 6</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D929C81BFFC4FFA9E9C4D543FC894885" blockId="17.[151,1437,465,2040]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<emphasis id="EBE21409FFC4FFA9E9C4D543FE0148FC" box="[199,404,1150,1176]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Cortical triactines</emphasis>
|
||
: large, alate with straight unpaired actines, and shorter paired actines.All actines are tapering uniformly to sharp points. Size: unpaired actines 424.8 ±
|
||
<quantity id="1E6E65FEFFC4FFA9EA16D59FFCE748D9" box="[789,882,1186,1213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.19" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="91.9">91.9 µm</quantity>
|
||
length, 10.1 ± 1.0 µm width; paired actines 247.1 ±
|
||
<quantity id="1E6E65FEFFC4FFA9E9ADD5FBFE994885" box="[174,268,1222,1249]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.66" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="26.6">26.6 µm</quantity>
|
||
length, 10.6 ±
|
||
<quantity id="1E6E65FEFFC4FFA9E8B6D5F8FD904885" box="[437,517,1221,1249]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 µm</quantity>
|
||
width (
|
||
<figureCitation id="41ADD49EFFC4FFA9EB59D5FBFD3B4884" box="[602,686,1222,1248]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1912,1937]" captionTargetBox="[224,1364,166,1892]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[224,1364,166,1892]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 6A–H. Achramorpha grandinis. A: preserved holotype BMNH-1907.8.6.108. B–C: SEM of the cortical layer. D–E: histological section of the cortical layer and oscular region. F–H: SEM images of spicules; microdiactine (F), cortical triactine (G) and chiactines and tetractine (H). Abbreviations: Chi = chiactines; Di = diactines; Mic = microdiactines; Os = osculum; Tet = tetractines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3244646/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Fig 6G</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="9414FDA0FFC4FFA9EBBAD5FBFC984885" box="[697,781,1222,1249]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="19.[151,239,154,178]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="TABLE 6. Spicule measurements of Achramorpha grandinis (holotype BMNH-1907.8.6.108). Measurements from the original description by Jenkin (1908) are included below." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/8DE99893FFC6FFABE994D1A7FD6F4CB2" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" tableUuid="8DE99893FFC6FFABE994D1A7FD6F4CB2">Table 6</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D929C81BFFC4FFA9E9C4D5D7FDD94915" blockId="17.[151,1437,465,2040]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<emphasis id="EBE21409FFC4FFA9E9C4D5D7FEAA4960" box="[199,319,1258,1284]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Chiactines</emphasis>
|
||
: large and straight unpaired actines, and slightly slender than the paired actines which are shorter and form a wide angle (around 160 º). Apical actine sharply pointed. Size: unpaired actines 410.1 ±
|
||
<quantity id="1E6E65FEFFC4FFA9EDCBD433FA84494D" box="[1224,1297,1294,1321]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="46.0">46 µm</quantity>
|
||
length, 11.1 ±
|
||
<quantity id="1E6E65FEFFC4FFA9E9AED40FFF684929" box="[173,253,1330,1357]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 µm</quantity>
|
||
width; paired actines 231.4 ±
|
||
<quantity id="1E6E65FEFFC4FFA9EB53D40FFD3B4929" box="[592,686,1330,1357]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.44" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="34.4">34.4 µm</quantity>
|
||
length, 11.9 ±
|
||
<quantity id="1E6E65FEFFC4FFA9EA55D40FFC334929" box="[854,934,1330,1357]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 µm</quantity>
|
||
width; apical actine 120.3 ±
|
||
<quantity id="1E6E65FEFFC4FFA9EDE8D40FFADD4929" box="[1259,1352,1330,1357]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.28" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="22.8">22.8 µm</quantity>
|
||
length, 10.1 ±
|
||
<quantity id="1E6E65FEFFC4FFA9E9E5D46BFEA34915" box="[230,310,1366,1393]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 µm</quantity>
|
||
width (
|
||
<figureCitation id="41ADD49EFFC4FFA9E888D46BFE4B4914" box="[395,478,1366,1392]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1912,1937]" captionTargetBox="[224,1364,166,1892]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[224,1364,166,1892]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 6A–H. Achramorpha grandinis. A: preserved holotype BMNH-1907.8.6.108. B–C: SEM of the cortical layer. D–E: histological section of the cortical layer and oscular region. F–H: SEM images of spicules; microdiactine (F), cortical triactine (G) and chiactines and tetractine (H). Abbreviations: Chi = chiactines; Di = diactines; Mic = microdiactines; Os = osculum; Tet = tetractines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3244646/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Fig 6H</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="9414FDA0FFC4FFA9E8EAD46BFDAB4915" box="[489,574,1366,1393]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="19.[151,239,154,178]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="TABLE 6. Spicule measurements of Achramorpha grandinis (holotype BMNH-1907.8.6.108). Measurements from the original description by Jenkin (1908) are included below." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/8DE99893FFC6FFABE994D1A7FD6F4CB2" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" tableUuid="8DE99893FFC6FFABE994D1A7FD6F4CB2">Table 6</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D929C81BFFC4FFA9E9C4D447FC7049B9" blockId="17.[151,1437,465,2040]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<emphasis id="EBE21409FFC4FFA9E9C4D447FE0B49F0" box="[199,414,1402,1428]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Oscular tetractines</emphasis>
|
||
: alate and straight tetractines, with all actines tapering into sharp tips. Apical actine conical and shorter than the unpaired and paired actines. The length of the unpaired actines is most likely underestimated as they were often broken or not clearly visible in the slides (
|
||
<figureCitation id="41ADD49EFFC4FFA9EA27D4FFFCE249B8" box="[804,887,1474,1500]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1912,1937]" captionTargetBox="[224,1364,166,1892]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[224,1364,166,1892]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 6A–H. Achramorpha grandinis. A: preserved holotype BMNH-1907.8.6.108. B–C: SEM of the cortical layer. D–E: histological section of the cortical layer and oscular region. F–H: SEM images of spicules; microdiactine (F), cortical triactine (G) and chiactines and tetractine (H). Abbreviations: Chi = chiactines; Di = diactines; Mic = microdiactines; Os = osculum; Tet = tetractines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3244646/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Fig 6H</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="9414FDA0FFC4FFA9EA81D4FFFC4249B9" box="[898,983,1474,1501]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="19.[151,239,154,178]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="TABLE 6. Spicule measurements of Achramorpha grandinis (holotype BMNH-1907.8.6.108). Measurements from the original description by Jenkin (1908) are included below." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/8DE99893FFC6FFABE994D1A7FD6F4CB2" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" tableUuid="8DE99893FFC6FFABE994D1A7FD6F4CB2">Table 6</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="918C9B90FFC4FFA9E9C4D4D8FD064A2C" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="D929C81BFFC4FFA9E9C4D4D8FAC64A40" blockId="17.[151,1437,465,2040]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<emphasis id="EBE21409FFC4FFA9E9C4D4D8FE474A64" bold="true" box="[199,466,1509,1536]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Distribution and depth.</emphasis>
|
||
The species has been reported in two localities in Antarctic waters; Winter Quarters (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BD07B5EAFFC4FFA9EC56D4DBFF584A40" author="Jenkin, C. F." pageId="17" pageNumber="218" pagination="1 - 49" refId="ref27105" refString="Jenkin, C. F. (1908) Porifera. III. Calcarea. National Antarctic Expedition, 1901 - 1904, Natural History, 4, Zoology, 1 - 49, pls. XXVII-XXXVIII." type="journal article" year="1908">Jenkin 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and between “Winterstation” and the coast of Kaiser Wilhelm II Land, at
|
||
<quantity id="1E6E65FEFFC4FFA9EADCD734FBCD4A41" box="[991,1112,1545,1573]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.675" metricValueMax="3.85" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" unit="m" value="367.5" valueMax="385.0" valueMin="350.0">350–385 m</quantity>
|
||
depth (Brønsted 1931).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D929C81BFFC4FFA9E9C4D713FD064A2C" blockId="17.[151,1437,465,2040]" box="[199,659,1581,1609]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<emphasis id="EBE21409FFC4FFA9E9C4D713FE7B4A2C" bold="true" box="[199,494,1581,1608]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Molecular identification.</emphasis>
|
||
Not available.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="918C9B90FFC4FFA9E9C4D76FFC014B9C" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="D929C81BFFC4FFA9E9C4D76FFBE84B44" blockId="17.[151,1437,465,2040]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<emphasis id="EBE21409FFC4FFA9E9C4D76FFEAE4A08" bold="true" box="[199,315,1618,1644]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Because the original description was based on one fragment of the specimen (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BD07B5EAFFC4FFA9EDBED76FFADE4A08" author="Jenkin, C. F." box="[1213,1355,1618,1644]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" pagination="1 - 49" refId="ref27105" refString="Jenkin, C. F. (1908) Porifera. III. Calcarea. National Antarctic Expedition, 1901 - 1904, Natural History, 4, Zoology, 1 - 49, pls. XXVII-XXXVIII." type="journal article" year="1908">Jenkin 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), some characters, such as aquiferous system and the arrangement of the choanoskeleton, are not mentioned. However, according to our observations the atrial skeleton seems to be made up only by chiactines with long unpaired actines that project the cortical surface. This skeletal organization suggests that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1E96B398FFC4FFA9EAB7D782FBA84ABC" authorityName=", Burton" authorityYear="1963" box="[948,1085,1726,1753]" class="Calcarea" family="Achramorphidae" genus="Achramorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="grandinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EBE21409FFC4FFA9EAB7D782FBA84ABC" box="[948,1085,1726,1753]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">A. grandinis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has an inarticulated skeleton as in the rest of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1E96B398FFC4FFA9E84ED7DFFE7C4A98" authorityName="Jenkin" authorityYear="1907" box="[333,489,1762,1788]" class="Calcarea" family="Achramorphidae" genus="Achramorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EBE21409FFC4FFA9E84ED7DFFE7C4A98" box="[333,489,1762,1788]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Achramorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. However, it will be necessary to include new material and additional histological sections to properly show the skeletal organization and aquiferous system of this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D929C81BFFC4FFA9E9C4D617FC014B9C" blockId="17.[151,1437,465,2040]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BD07B5EAFFC4FFA9E9C4D617FEF74B20" author="Jenkin, C. F." box="[199,354,1834,1860]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" pagination="1 - 49" refId="ref27105" refString="Jenkin, C. F. (1908) Porifera. III. Calcarea. National Antarctic Expedition, 1901 - 1904, Natural History, 4, Zoology, 1 - 49, pls. XXVII-XXXVIII." type="journal article" year="1908">Jenkin (1908)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned that the osculum of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1E96B398FFC4FFA9EBC6D616FCC54B20" authorityName=", Burton" authorityYear="1963" box="[709,848,1834,1861]" class="Calcarea" family="Achramorphidae" genus="Achramorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="grandinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EBE21409FFC4FFA9EBC6D616FCC54B20" box="[709,848,1834,1861]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">A. grandinis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs considerably from the other species, because it does not have an oscular fringe nor special oscular ring/collar of tetractines at the edge of the sponge. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BD07B5EAFFC4FFA9E9B0D64FFED84BE8" author="Jenkin, C. F." box="[179,333,1906,1932]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" pagination="1 - 49" refId="ref27105" refString="Jenkin, C. F. (1908) Porifera. III. Calcarea. National Antarctic Expedition, 1901 - 1904, Natural History, 4, Zoology, 1 - 49, pls. XXVII-XXXVIII." type="journal article" year="1908">Jenkin (1908)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
observations, it seems that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1E96B398FFC4FFA9EB7CD64EFC9C4BE8" authorityName=", Burton" authorityYear="1963" box="[639,777,1906,1933]" class="Calcarea" family="Achramorphidae" genus="Achramorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="grandinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EBE21409FFC4FFA9EB7CD64EFC9C4BE8" box="[639,777,1906,1933]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">A. grandinis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
presents a naked osculum, which could represent a distinctive characteristic of the species. Moreover, the absence of protruding trichoxeas in the cortical skeleton can also be considered as another difference of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1E96B398FFC4FFA9EB55D686FD774BB0" authorityName=", Burton" authorityYear="1963" box="[598,738,1978,2005]" class="Calcarea" family="Achramorphidae" genus="Achramorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="grandinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EBE21409FFC4FFA9EB55D686FD774BB0" box="[598,738,1978,2005]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">A. grandinis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, we have to examine more specimens to conclude whether the absence of these morphological characters is consistent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |