159 lines
41 KiB
XML
159 lines
41 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="0E7FBF51933D4B4AC2B58BC8CAB8A004">Systematics of Opsiphanes Doubleday, [1849] (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Brassolini): an integrative approach</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="F5E47415FF8CFFE1C3EFF884B9104D2C" bold="true" box="[151,376,1842,1869]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Opsiphanes cassiae</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="A301D5F6FF8CFFE1C2FFF884BA2F4D2D" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[391,583,1842,1868]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref178243" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synomymis, locis. 10 th Edition. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae, 823 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
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captionTargetPageId-13="60" captionTargetPageId-14="60" captionTargetPageId-15="61" captionTargetPageId-16="61" captionTargetPageId-17="62" captionTargetPageId-18="62" captionTargetPageId-19="63" captionTargetPageId-2="41" captionTargetPageId-20="63" captionTargetPageId-21="64" captionTargetPageId-22="64" captionTargetPageId-23="65" captionTargetPageId-24="65" captionTargetPageId-25="66" captionTargetPageId-26="66" captionTargetPageId-27="67" captionTargetPageId-28="67" captionTargetPageId-29="68" captionTargetPageId-3="48" captionTargetPageId-30="68" captionTargetPageId-31="69" captionTargetPageId-32="69" captionTargetPageId-33="70" captionTargetPageId-4="49" captionTargetPageId-5="50" captionTargetPageId-6="54" captionTargetPageId-7="55" captionTargetPageId-8="56" captionTargetPageId-9="58" captionText-0="FIGURE 20. Opsiphanes cassiae cassiae (Linnaeus, 1758): Male, dorsal and ventral views: Bolivia: a. (FLMNH MGCL 1103937-MGCL) Rio Zongo; Brazil: b. (FLMNH MGCL 1092258-MGCL) Santa Catarina, Corupá, c. (DZ 41.443-DZUP) Paraná, Londrina, d. (FLMNH MGCL 1092234-MGCL) Espírito Santo, Linhares. White arrows indicate diagnostic characters of the species." captionText-1="FIGURE 21. Opsiphanes cassiaecassiae (Linnaeus, 1758):Male,dorsal and ventral views:French Guiana:a. (DZ 40578-DZUP; CMBUT1305-19); dorsal view: French Guiana: b. (DZ 40.582-DZUP); Venezuela: c. (FLMNH MGCL 1103946-MGCL), d. (FLMNH MGCL 1103945-MGCL), e. (DZ 41.503-DZUP); Brazil: f. (DZ 40.653-DZUP), g. (DZ 45.848-DZUP) Amazonas, i. (FLMNH MGCL 1103980-MGCL), j. (FLMNH MGCL 1103952-MGCL), k. (FLMNH MGCL 1103955-MGCL) Rondônia, n. (DZ 41.472-DZUP), o. (FLMNH MGCL 1092248-MGCL) Santa Catarina; Ecuador: h. (FLMNH MGCL 1103896-MGCL); Peru: l. (DZ 3939-DZUP); Argentina: m. (DZ 41.464-DZUP)." captionText-10="FIGURE 30. Geographical distribution of Opsiphanes cassiae cassiae (Linnaeus, 1758), Opsiphanes cassiae incolumis Stichel, 1904 stat. nov. and Opsiphanes cassiae tamarindi C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861 stat. nov." captionText-11="FIGURE 31. Opsiphanes cassiae cassiae (Linnaeus, 1758). Lectotype of Opsiphanes cassiae cassiae (Linnaeus, 1758); a. dorsal view, b. ventral view." captionText-12="FIGURE 32. Opsiphanes cassiae cassiae (Linnaeus, 1758). Lectotype of Opsiphanes crameri C. Felder & R. Felder, 1862 syn. rest.; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view." captionText-13="FIGURE 33. Opsiphanes cassiae cassiae (Linnaeus, 1758). Lectotype of Opsiphanes cassiae cassiculus Stichel, 1904; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view." captionText-14="FIGURE 34. Opsiphanes cassiae cassiae (Linnaeus, 1758). Lectotype of Opsiphanes cassiae rubigatus Stichel, 1904 syn. nov.; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view." captionText-15="FIGURE 35. Opsiphanes cassiae cassiae (Linnaeus, 1758). Lectotype of Opsiphanes cassiae f. pudicus Fruhstorfer, 1907; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view." captionText-16="FIGURE 36. Opsiphanes cassiae cassiae (Linnaeus, 1758). Lectotype of Opsiphanes cassiae f. decentius Fruhstorfer, 1907; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view." captionText-17="FIGURE 37. Opsiphanes cassiae cassiae (Linnaeus, 1758). Lectotype of Opsiphanes cassiae lucullus Fruhstorfer, 1907; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view." captionText-18="FIGURE 38. Opsiphanes cassiae cassiae (Linnaeus, 1758). Lectotype of Opsiphanes cassiae strophios Fruhstorfer, 1907 syn. nov.; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view." captionText-19="FIGURE 39. Opsiphanes cassiae cassiae (Linnaeus, 1758). [Holotype] of Opsiphanes tamarindi xiphos Fruhstorfer, 1907 syn. nov.; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view." captionText-2="FIGURE 22. Opsiphanes cassiae cassiae (Linnaeus, 1758): Female, dorsal and ventral views: French Guiana: a. (USN- MENT01590887-USNM); dorsal view: Colombia: b. (DZ 41.511-DZUP) Meta; Peru: c. (FLMNH MGCL 1103742-MGCL) Iquitos; Brazil: d. (DZ 40.687-DZUP) Goiás, e. (FLMNH MGCL 1103775-MGCL) Santa Catarina, Joinville." captionText-20="FIGURE 40. Opsiphanes cassiae cassiae (Linnaeus, 1758). [Holotype] of Opsiphanes tamarindi pseudocassiae Fruhstorfer, 1907; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view." captionText-21="FIGURE 41. Opsiphanes cassiae cassiae (Linnaeus, 1758). Lectotype of Opsiphanes tamarindi cherocles Fruhstorfer, 1912; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view." captionText-22="FIGURE 42. Opsiphanes cassiae incolumis Stichel, 1904 stat. nov. Lectotype of Opsiphanes cassiae incolumis Stichel, 1904 stat. nov.; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view." captionText-23="FIGURE 43. Opsiphanes cassiae incolumis Stichel, 1904 stat. nov. [Holotype] of Opsiphanes tamarindi latifascia Rothschild, 1916 syn. rest.; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view." captionText-24="FIGURE 44. Opsiphanes cassiae incolumis Stichel, 1904 stat. nov. Lectotype of Opsiphanes bogotanus peruanus Rothschild, 1916; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view." captionText-25="FIGURE 45. Opsiphanes cassiae incolumis Stichel, 1904 stat. nov. “Type” of Opsiphanes tamarindi incolumis f. profana Stichel, 1936 nom. nud.; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view." captionText-26="FIGURE 46. Opsiphanes cassiae incolumis Stichel, 1904 stat. nov. [Holo]type of Opsiphanes tamarindi douglasi Bryk, 1953; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view." captionText-27="FIGURE 47. Opsiphanes cassiae tamarindi C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861 stat. nov. Lectotype of Opsiphanes cassiae tamarindi C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861 stat. nov.; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view." captionText-28="FIGURE 48. Opsiphanes cassiae tamarindi C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861 stat. nov. Lectotype of Caligo tamarindi Boisduval, 1870 preocc.; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view." captionText-29="FIGURE 49. Opsiphanes cassiae tamarindi C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861 stat. nov. Lectotype of Opsiphanes tamarindi corrosus Stichel, 1904 syn. nov.; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view." captionText-3="FIGURE 23. Opsiphanes cassiae incolumis Stichel, 1904 stat. nov.: Male, dorsal and ventral views: Peru: a. (OM 18.545- DZUP—OM), b. (OM 18.541-DZUP—OM) Rio Perené, IX–XI-1987." captionText-30="FIGURE 50. Opsiphanes cassiae tamarindi C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861 stat. nov. Lectotype of Opsiphanes tamarindi kleisthenes Fruhstorfer, 1912 syn. nov.; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view." captionText-31="FIGURE 51. Opsiphanes cassiae tamarindi C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861 stat. nov. Lectotype of Opsiphanes tamarindi sikyon Fruhstorfer, 1912; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view." captionText-32="FIGURE 52. Opsiphanes cassiae tamarindi C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861 stat. nov. [Holotype] of Opsiphanes tamarindi terenzius Fruhstorfer, 1912; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view." captionText-33="FIGURE 53. Opsiphanes cassiae tamarindi C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861 stat. nov. “Type” of Opsiphanes tamarindi tamarindi f. mesomerista Stichel, 1925 nom. nud.; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view." captionText-4="FIGURE 24. Opsiphanes cassiae incolumis Stichel, 1904 stat. nov.: Male, dorsal and ventral views: Peru: a. (OM 18.529- DZUP—OM; CMBUT1215-19), b. (OM 18.540-DZUP—OM; CMBUT1218-19) Rio Perené, IX–XI-1987." captionText-5="FIGURE 25. Opsiphanes cassiae incolumis Stichel, 1904 stat. nov.: Female, dorsal and ventral views: Peru: a. (OM 18.536- DZUP—OM) Rio Perené, b. (OM 35.383-DZUP—OM) Tingo Maria." captionText-6="FIGURE 26. Opsiphanes cassiae tamarindi C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861 stat. nov.: Male, dorsal and ventral views: Mexico: a. (FLMNH MGCL 1103789-MGCL) Oaxaca, b. (DZ 42.871-DZUP) Chiapas; dorsal view: c. (FLMNH MGCL 1103814-MGCL) Chiapas; Honduras: d. (USNMENT01590520-USNM) La Ceiba (18 km Oeste); Costa Rica: e. (FLMNH MGCL 1103866- MGCL) Guanacaste; Panama: f. (FLMNH MGCL 1103873-MGCL) Madden Forest." captionText-7="FIGURE 27. Opsiphanes cassiae tamarindi C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861 stat. nov.: Male, dorsal view: Colombia: a. (DZ 42.910-DZUP) Cali, c. (DZ 47.847-DZUP; CMBUT1328-19) Santander; Ecuador: b. (FLMNH MGCL 1103881-MGCL) Pichincha. Female, dorsal and ventral views: Mexico: d. (DZ42.843-DZUP) Oaxaca; dorsal view: Costa Rica: e. (FLMNH MGCL 1103718-MGCL) Guanacaste." captionText-8="FIGURE 28. Opsiphanes cassiae cassiae (Linnaeus, 1758): Male: a. abdomen, lateral view, b. detail of the scent organ, lateral view; genitalia: c. dorsal view, d. ventral view, e. lateral view; aedeagus: f. dorsal view, g. ventral view, h. lateral view (DZ 40.578-DZUP; CMBUT1305-19); valva: i. (DZ 40.613-DZUP), j. (DZ 40.608-DZUP), k. (DZ 41.502-DZUP) variations of the dorso-distal portion." captionText-9="FIGURE 29. Opsiphanes cassiae cassiae (Linnaeus, 1758): Female genitalia: a. lateral view; b. detail of the signa; c. ventral view (DZ 3950-DZUP)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7403593" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7403595" figureDoi-10="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7403619" figureDoi-11="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7403621" figureDoi-12="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7403625" figureDoi-13="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7403627" figureDoi-14="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7403631" figureDoi-15="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7403633" figureDoi-16="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7403635" figureDoi-17="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7403637" figureDoi-18="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7403639" figureDoi-19="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7403643" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7403597" figureDoi-20="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7403645" figureDoi-21="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7403647" figureDoi-22="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7403651" figureDoi-23="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7403655" figureDoi-24="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7403657" figureDoi-25="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7403660" figureDoi-26="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7403664" figureDoi-27="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7403666" figureDoi-28="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7403668" figureDoi-29="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7403670" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7403603" figureDoi-30="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7403672" figureDoi-31="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7403674" figureDoi-32="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7403676" figureDoi-33="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7403678" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7403605" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7403607" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7403609" figureDoi-7="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7403613" figureDoi-8="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7403615" figureDoi-9="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7403617" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7403593/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7403595/files/figure.png" httpUri-10="https://zenodo.org/record/7403619/files/figure.png" httpUri-11="https://zenodo.org/record/7403621/files/figure.png" httpUri-12="https://zenodo.org/record/7403625/files/figure.png" httpUri-13="https://zenodo.org/record/7403627/files/figure.png" httpUri-14="https://zenodo.org/record/7403631/files/figure.png" httpUri-15="https://zenodo.org/record/7403633/files/figure.png" httpUri-16="https://zenodo.org/record/7403635/files/figure.png" httpUri-17="https://zenodo.org/record/7403637/files/figure.png" httpUri-18="https://zenodo.org/record/7403639/files/figure.png" httpUri-19="https://zenodo.org/record/7403643/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7403597/files/figure.png" httpUri-20="https://zenodo.org/record/7403645/files/figure.png" httpUri-21="https://zenodo.org/record/7403647/files/figure.png" httpUri-22="https://zenodo.org/record/7403651/files/figure.png" httpUri-23="https://zenodo.org/record/7403655/files/figure.png" httpUri-24="https://zenodo.org/record/7403657/files/figure.png" httpUri-25="https://zenodo.org/record/7403660/files/figure.png" httpUri-26="https://zenodo.org/record/7403664/files/figure.png" httpUri-27="https://zenodo.org/record/7403666/files/figure.png" httpUri-28="https://zenodo.org/record/7403668/files/figure.png" httpUri-29="https://zenodo.org/record/7403670/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/7403603/files/figure.png" httpUri-30="https://zenodo.org/record/7403672/files/figure.png" httpUri-31="https://zenodo.org/record/7403674/files/figure.png" httpUri-32="https://zenodo.org/record/7403676/files/figure.png" httpUri-33="https://zenodo.org/record/7403678/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/7403605/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/7403607/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/7403609/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/7403613/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/7403615/files/figure.png" httpUri-9="https://zenodo.org/record/7403617/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figs 20–53</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8F8AFB8CFF8CFFE2C3EFF828BC354BE8" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="C72FA807FF8CFFE2C3EFF828BB024A98" blockId="33.[151,1436,1950,2019]" lastBlockId="34.[151,1437,151,615]" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5E47415FF8CFFE1C3EFF828B97A4DD9" bold="true" box="[151,274,1950,1976]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0090D384FF8CFFE1C26FF829B99B4DD9" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[279,499,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Opsiphanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5E47415FF8CFFE1C26FF829B99B4DD9" box="[279,499,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Opsiphanes cassiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0090D384FF8CFFE1C1FCF829BBEB4DD8" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1875" box="[644,899,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Opsiphanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bogotanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5E47415FF8CFFE1C1FCF829BBEB4DD8" box="[644,899,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Opsiphanes bogotanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0090D384FF8CFFE1C0CFF829BCC44DD9" authorityName="Piovesan & Casagrande & Mielke" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Bristow" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[951,1196,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Opsiphanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicana" status="stat. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5E47415FF8CFFE1C0CFF829BCC44DD9" box="[951,1196,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Opsiphanes mexicana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="F5E47415FF8CFFE1C7CAF829BD734DD8" bold="true" box="[1202,1307,1951,1977]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="EED7C96EFF8CFFE1C7CAF829BD734DD8" box="[1202,1307,1951,1977]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, the closest related species, in having the VHW with a smaller eyespot between Sc+R
|
||
<subScript id="5B14AA42FF8CFFE1C0AAF863BBB24D82" attach="left" box="[978,986,2005,2019]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">1</subScript>
|
||
and M
|
||
<subScript id="5B14AA42FF8CFFE1C752F863BC5A4D82" attach="left" box="[1066,1074,2005,2019]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">1</subScript>
|
||
, usually not reaching M
|
||
<subScript id="5B14AA42FF8CFFE1C639F863BD214D82" attach="left" box="[1345,1353,2005,2019]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">1</subScript>
|
||
, and in the absence of a dark-brown band extending from the base of the wing to this eyespot (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5FABB482FF8FFFE2C710FF21BCA04AD0" box="[1128,1224,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1503,1527]" captionTargetBox="[172,1415,190,1454]" captionTargetId="figure-19@39.[170,1417,181,1479]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 20. Opsiphanes cassiae cassiae (Linnaeus, 1758): Male, dorsal and ventral views: Bolivia: a. (FLMNH MGCL 1103937-MGCL) Rio Zongo; Brazil: b. (FLMNH MGCL 1092258-MGCL) Santa Catarina, Corupá, c. (DZ 41.443-DZUP) Paraná, Londrina, d. (FLMNH MGCL 1092234-MGCL) Espírito Santo, Linhares. White arrows indicate diagnostic characters of the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7403593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7403593/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 20a</figureCitation>
|
||
). Molecular analyses recovered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0090D384FF8FFFE2C24EFF0DBA7B4AB5" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[310,531,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Opsiphanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5E47415FF8FFFE2C24EFF0DBA7B4AB5" box="[310,531,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Opsiphanes cassiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0090D384FF8FFFE2C186FF0DBB964AB4" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1875" box="[766,1022,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Opsiphanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bogotanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5E47415FF8FFFE2C186FF0DBB964AB4" box="[766,1022,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Opsiphanes bogotanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0090D384FF8FFFE2C74CFF0DBD434AB5" authorityName="Piovesan & Casagrande & Mielke" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Bristow" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[1076,1323,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Opsiphanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicana" status="stat. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5E47415FF8FFFE2C74CFF0DBD434AB5" box="[1076,1323,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Opsiphanes mexicana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="F5E47415FF8FFFE2C64AFF0DBDF44AB4" bold="true" box="[1330,1436,187,213]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="EED7C96EFF8FFFE2C64AFF0DBDF44AB4" box="[1330,1436,187,213]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="5FABB482FF8FFFE2C3E7FF69B88B4A98" box="[159,227,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[304,1282,181,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[298,1290,181,1829]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic tree (Maximum Likelihood) inferred with IQ-TREE based on six molecular markers: cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) (mitochondrial), elongation factor 1-alpha (EF-1α), ribosomal protein S5 (RpS5), wingless (wg), Car- bamoylphosphate synthase domain protein (CAD), Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) (nuclear), rooted in Catoblepia amphirhoe (Hübner, [1825]). Asterisk (*) indicates SH-aLRT> = 80% and UFboot> = 95%. The scale bar represents the expected number of nucleotide substitutions per site. Data of the specimens used are described in table 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7403536" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7403536/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
) (genetic distance 1.6–2.7% and 2.0–2.5%, respectively).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C72FA807FF8FFFE2C3BFFEB5BC094B20" blockId="34.[151,1437,151,615]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5E47415FF8FFFE2C3BFFEB5B9104B7D" bold="true" box="[199,376,258,285]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Male genitalia.</emphasis>
|
||
Tegumen in dorsal view with the anterior and posterior margins of equal width; anterior projection of saccus in lateral view less than twice as long as dorsal arms of saccus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5FABB482FF8FFFE2C778FE91BC3D4B20" box="[1024,1109,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1810,1834]" captionTargetBox="[178,1426,284,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-64@56.[152,1434,273,1787]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 28. Opsiphanes cassiae cassiae (Linnaeus, 1758): Male: a. abdomen, lateral view, b. detail of the scent organ, lateral view; genitalia: c. dorsal view, d. ventral view, e. lateral view; aedeagus: f. dorsal view, g. ventral view, h. lateral view (DZ 40.578-DZUP; CMBUT1305-19); valva: i. (DZ 40.613-DZUP), j. (DZ 40.608-DZUP), k. (DZ 41.502-DZUP) variations of the dorso-distal portion." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7403615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7403615/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C72FA807FF8FFFE2C3BFFEFDBC354BE8" blockId="34.[151,1437,151,615]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5E47415FF8FFFE2C3BFFEFDB9FB4B05" bold="true" box="[199,403,330,357]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Female genitalia.</emphasis>
|
||
Lamella antevaginalis membranous medially and sclerotized laterally; lamella postvaginalis pointed antero-medially and rounded postero-medially; ostium membranous (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5FABB482FF8FFFE2C084FED9BC394BE8" box="[1020,1105,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="58.[151,250,972,996]" captionTargetBox="[319,1293,193,939]" captionTargetId="figure-28@58.[293,1293,181,949]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 29. Opsiphanes cassiae cassiae (Linnaeus, 1758): Female genitalia: a. lateral view; b. detail of the signa; c. ventral view (DZ 3950-DZUP)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7403617" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7403617/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8F8AFB8CFF8FFFE2C3BFFE24B91B4800" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="C72FA807FF8FFFE2C3BFFE24B91B4800" blockId="34.[151,1437,151,615]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5E47415FF8FFFE2C3BFFE24B9574BCD" bold="true" box="[199,319,402,428]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
Subspecies vary in the following characters: DFW, the width, length, and color of the oblique band; the discal cell may or may not have a small yellow spot. DHW, the marginal band ranges from faint to absent. HW, the crenulation of the outer margin; the anal region varies from rounded to slightly pointed. VFW, the width and color of the oblique band; EIII submarginal line extends or not to CuA
|
||
<subScript id="5B14AA42FF8FFFE2C0C6FDA7BBAE487E" attach="left" box="[958,966,529,543]" fontSize="6" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">2</subScript>
|
||
. VHW, the size and shape of the eyespot between Sc+R
|
||
<subScript id="5B14AA42FF8FFFE2C242FD83B92A4822" attach="left" box="[314,322,565,579]" fontSize="6" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">1</subScript>
|
||
and M
|
||
<subScript id="5B14AA42FF8FFFE2C2F6FD83B9FE4822" attach="left" box="[398,406,565,579]" fontSize="6" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">1</subScript>
|
||
, and the width of its dark-brown ring; and the size and shape of the eyespot between M
|
||
<subScript id="5B14AA42FF8FFFE2C61DFD83BD054822" attach="left" box="[1381,1389,565,579]" fontSize="6" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">3</subScript>
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and CuA
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<subScript id="5B14AA42FF8FFFE2C3B4FDEFB8BC4806" attach="left" box="[204,212,601,615]" fontSize="6" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">2</subScript>
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(
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<figureCitation id="5FABB482FF8FFFE2C39BFDF1B90F4800" box="[227,359,583,609]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 20" captionStart-1="FIGURE 21" captionStart-2="FIGURE 22" captionStart-3="FIGURE 23" captionStart-4="FIGURE 24" captionStart-5="FIGURE 25" captionStart-6="FIGURE 26" captionStart-7="FIGURE 27" captionStartId-0="39.[151,250,1503,1527]" captionStartId-1="40.[151,250,1812,1836]" captionStartId-2="41.[151,250,1473,1497]" captionStartId-3="48.[151,250,1828,1852]" captionStartId-4="49.[151,250,1800,1824]" captionStartId-5="50.[151,250,1751,1775]" captionStartId-6="54.[151,250,1898,1922]" captionStartId-7="55.[151,250,1880,1904]" captionTargetBox-0="[172,1415,190,1454]" captionTargetBox-1="[194,1401,184,1770]" captionTargetBox-2="[197,1377,186,1423]" captionTargetBox-3="[422,1163,426,1781]" captionTargetBox-4="[456,1136,385,1734]" captionTargetBox-5="[415,1195,187,1702]" captionTargetBox-6="[182,1410,636,1854]" captionTargetBox-7="[217,1378,497,1840]" captionTargetId-0="figure-19@39.[170,1417,181,1479]" captionTargetId-1="figure-28@40.[184,1402,181,1788]" captionTargetId-2="figure-19@41.[189,1398,181,1449]" captionTargetId-3="figure-129@48.[153,1434,417,1805]" captionTargetId-4="figure-74@49.[149,1437,380,1776]" captionTargetId-5="figure-28@50.[189,1398,181,1727]" captionTargetId-6="figure-225@54.[174,1413,633,1875]" captionTargetId-7="figure-158@55.[156,1431,489,1856]" captionTargetPageId-0="39" captionTargetPageId-1="40" captionTargetPageId-2="41" captionTargetPageId-3="48" captionTargetPageId-4="49" captionTargetPageId-5="50" captionTargetPageId-6="54" captionTargetPageId-7="55" captionText-0="FIGURE 20. Opsiphanes cassiae cassiae (Linnaeus, 1758): Male, dorsal and ventral views: Bolivia: a. (FLMNH MGCL 1103937-MGCL) Rio Zongo; Brazil: b. (FLMNH MGCL 1092258-MGCL) Santa Catarina, Corupá, c. (DZ 41.443-DZUP) Paraná, Londrina, d. (FLMNH MGCL 1092234-MGCL) Espírito Santo, Linhares. White arrows indicate diagnostic characters of the species." captionText-1="FIGURE 21. Opsiphanes cassiaecassiae (Linnaeus, 1758):Male,dorsal and ventral views:French Guiana:a. (DZ 40578-DZUP; CMBUT1305-19); dorsal view: French Guiana: b. (DZ 40.582-DZUP); Venezuela: c. (FLMNH MGCL 1103946-MGCL), d. (FLMNH MGCL 1103945-MGCL), e. (DZ 41.503-DZUP); Brazil: f. (DZ 40.653-DZUP), g. (DZ 45.848-DZUP) Amazonas, i. (FLMNH MGCL 1103980-MGCL), j. (FLMNH MGCL 1103952-MGCL), k. (FLMNH MGCL 1103955-MGCL) Rondônia, n. (DZ 41.472-DZUP), o. (FLMNH MGCL 1092248-MGCL) Santa Catarina; Ecuador: h. (FLMNH MGCL 1103896-MGCL); Peru: l. (DZ 3939-DZUP); Argentina: m. (DZ 41.464-DZUP)." captionText-2="FIGURE 22. Opsiphanes cassiae cassiae (Linnaeus, 1758): Female, dorsal and ventral views: French Guiana: a. (USN- MENT01590887-USNM); dorsal view: Colombia: b. (DZ 41.511-DZUP) Meta; Peru: c. (FLMNH MGCL 1103742-MGCL) Iquitos; Brazil: d. (DZ 40.687-DZUP) Goiás, e. (FLMNH MGCL 1103775-MGCL) Santa Catarina, Joinville." captionText-3="FIGURE 23. Opsiphanes cassiae incolumis Stichel, 1904 stat. nov.: Male, dorsal and ventral views: Peru: a. (OM 18.545- DZUP—OM), b. (OM 18.541-DZUP—OM) Rio Perené, IX–XI-1987." captionText-4="FIGURE 24. Opsiphanes cassiae incolumis Stichel, 1904 stat. nov.: Male, dorsal and ventral views: Peru: a. (OM 18.529- DZUP—OM; CMBUT1215-19), b. (OM 18.540-DZUP—OM; CMBUT1218-19) Rio Perené, IX–XI-1987." captionText-5="FIGURE 25. Opsiphanes cassiae incolumis Stichel, 1904 stat. nov.: Female, dorsal and ventral views: Peru: a. (OM 18.536- DZUP—OM) Rio Perené, b. (OM 35.383-DZUP—OM) Tingo Maria." captionText-6="FIGURE 26. Opsiphanes cassiae tamarindi C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861 stat. nov.: Male, dorsal and ventral views: Mexico: a. (FLMNH MGCL 1103789-MGCL) Oaxaca, b. (DZ 42.871-DZUP) Chiapas; dorsal view: c. (FLMNH MGCL 1103814-MGCL) Chiapas; Honduras: d. (USNMENT01590520-USNM) La Ceiba (18 km Oeste); Costa Rica: e. (FLMNH MGCL 1103866- MGCL) Guanacaste; Panama: f. (FLMNH MGCL 1103873-MGCL) Madden Forest." captionText-7="FIGURE 27. Opsiphanes cassiae tamarindi C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861 stat. nov.: Male, dorsal view: Colombia: a. (DZ 42.910-DZUP) Cali, c. (DZ 47.847-DZUP; CMBUT1328-19) Santander; Ecuador: b. (FLMNH MGCL 1103881-MGCL) Pichincha. Female, dorsal and ventral views: Mexico: d. (DZ42.843-DZUP) Oaxaca; dorsal view: Costa Rica: e. (FLMNH MGCL 1103718-MGCL) Guanacaste." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7403593" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7403595" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7403597" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7403603" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7403605" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7403607" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7403609" figureDoi-7="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7403613" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7403593/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7403595/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7403597/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/7403603/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/7403605/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/7403607/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/7403609/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/7403613/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Figs 20–27</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |