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<document id="B009521A1CBC8641E4402698E00BFE18" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4048.2.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="02b96688-f770-47f7-aa33-db4cf1a84ef4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="236440" ID-ZooBank="F8DBCC50-E7E9-434D-8200-A12292CC8085" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461347217700" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Şirin, Umit D. &amp; Adler, Peter H." docDate="2015" docId="4F0F87F54A14DB2EFF47FB07FB90CCA4" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04048p280.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4048 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Metacnephia phrygiensis Şirin &amp; Adler, 2015, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="279" masterDocId="B336FF8D4A15DB24FFD0FFACFF9BCF48" masterDocTitle="Chromosomal and morphological taxonomy of a new species of black fly in the genus Metacnephia (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Western Anatolia, Turkey" masterLastPageNumber="280" masterPageNumber="269" pageNumber="270" updateTime="1698620743468" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="5C93697586266EB3DAB0617B2D6722F0">Chromosomal and morphological taxonomy of a new species of black fly in the genus Metacnephia (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Western Anatolia, Turkey</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="78DD2CAFCDC55D81F3190B15B111D84F">Şirin, Umit D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="94381155CEA31DAA9BE35BFA1B6E0943">Adler, Peter H.</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="00A64D604A14DB25FF47FB07FE5DCB8D" box="[151,454,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Metacnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phrygiensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A14DB25FF47FB07FE5DCB8D" bold="true" box="[151,454,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">Metacnephia phrygiensis</emphasis>
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(
<figureCitation id="5F9D2A664A14DB25FF4FFB62FE93CBAF" box="[159,264,1230,1255]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStart-6="FIGURE 7" captionStart-7="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1085,1107]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,250,1781,1803]" captionStartId-3="6.[151,250,1774,1796]" captionStartId-4="7.[151,250,1481,1503]" captionStartId-5="8.[151,250,691,713]" captionStartId-6="8.[151,250,1329,1351]" captionStartId-7="9.[151,250,1323,1345]" captionTargetBox-0="[201,1385,381,1051]" captionTargetBox-1="[280,1287,213,1832]" captionTargetBox-2="[159,1427,312,1751]" captionTargetBox-3="[165,1425,204,1706]" captionTargetBox-4="[295,1290,200,1423]" captionTargetBox-5="[157,1429,214,651]" captionTargetBox-6="[190,1402,788,1269]" captionTargetBox-7="[150,1436,403,1302]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[188,1399,373,1064]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[272,1305,193,1857]" captionTargetId-2="figure@4.[151,1436,301,1760]" captionTargetId-3="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1720]" captionTargetId-4="figure@7.[283,1304,193,1440]" captionTargetId-5="figure@8.[152,1435,193,670]" captionTargetId-6="figure@8.[171,1419,763,1288]" captionTargetId-7="figure@9.[150,1437,337,1302]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="6" captionTargetPageId-4="7" captionTargetPageId-5="8" captionTargetPageId-6="8" captionTargetPageId-7="9" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Mouthparts of Metacnephia phrygiensis. A, B. Maxillary palp, showing five palpomeres and sensory vesicle in palpomere III. A. Female. B. Male. C, D. Mandible. C. Female. D. Male." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Terminalia of Metacnephia phrygiensis. A, B. Female. A. Anal lobe and cercus (lateral view). B. Genital fork, ventral view. C – H. Male. C. Genitalia showing gonopod and ventral plate in situ, with left gonopod, medial sclerite, dorsal sclerite, and parameres removed (ventral view). D. Gonostylus (lateral view). E. Ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view). F. Ventral plate (tilted slightly posterodorsally). G. Dorsal plate. H. Median sclerite (dorsal view)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of female claw and pupal surface of Metacnephia phrygiensis. A. Bifid claw of hind leg of female (lateral view). B. Head of female pupa (anterior view). C. Pupal thorax (dorsal view), showing microtubercles and 3 pairs of trichomes (1 pair broken but bases evident); ecdysial line runs longitudinally down center. D. Pupal gill (lateral view, right side); arrows indicates two thickest pairs of filament branches. E. Pupal segments VI-IX, showing spine combs (dorsal view). F. Spine comb, right side of segment V (dorsal view)." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrographs of pupa, cocoon, and larval mouthparts of Metacnephia phrygiensis. A. Pupal segments VIII and IX, showing anchor-shaped setae and terminal spines (posteroventral view). B. Anchor-shaped setae in membrane of segment IX (posteroventral view). C. Cocoon (lateral view). D. Larval hypostoma, flanked anteriorly by bases of maxillae (ventral view); labiohypopharyngeal complex removed. Inset shows magnification of hypostomal teeth. E. Apex of larval mandible (ventral view)." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Larval head capsule of Metacnephia phrygiensis. A, B. Dorsal view. C, D. Ventral view showing postgenal cleft with anterior extension strongly expressed (C) and weakly expressed (D). (A, C photographed with transmitted light but with fully open stage diaphragm to simulate incident lighting, as when viewing specimen under a stereomicroscope; i. e., setal sockets are not visible. B, D photographed with transmitted light and partially closed stage diaphragm to highlight setal sockets)." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. Chromosome IL of Metacnephia phrygiensis (female larva), showing fixed inversion IL- 12. C = centromere." captionText-6="FIGURE 7. Chromosome IIIL of Metacnephia phrygiensis (male larva, except sections 97 – 100 female larva), showing fixed inversions IIIL- 6, 8, 9, 10. C = centromere." captionText-7="FIGURE 8. Type locality of Metacnephia phrygiensis: Turkey, Kütahya Province, village of Ağaçköy, Çandiraz stream, 21 April 2011." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/236441/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/236442/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/236443/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/236444/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/236445/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/236446/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/236447/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/236448/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">Figs. 1–8</figureCitation>
)
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<paragraph id="C71936E34A14DB25FF47FABAFBDECA67" blockId="1.[151,1437,1302,2011]" box="[151,1093,1302,1327]" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A14DB25FF47FABAFE8DCA67" bold="true" box="[151,278,1302,1327]" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">FEMALE.</emphasis>
General body color brown to dark brown; all hair silvery to pale golden.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C71936E34A14DB25FF17FA96FB76C94F" blockId="1.[151,1437,1302,2011]" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A14DB25FF17FA96FE9FCA1B" box="[199,260,1338,1363]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">Head</emphasis>
—Frons about twice as long as narrowest width; head about 6 times wider than narrowest width of frons. Antenna with 9 flagellomeres; pedicel subequal in width to and about 1.1 times longer than first flagellomere. Maxillary palp (
<figureCitation id="5F9D2A664A14DB25FE9DFA2EFE17CAD3" box="[333,396,1410,1435]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1085,1107]" captionTargetBox="[201,1385,381,1051]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[188,1399,373,1064]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Mouthparts of Metacnephia phrygiensis. A, B. Maxillary palp, showing five palpomeres and sensory vesicle in palpomere III. A. Female. B. Male. C, D. Mandible. C. Female. D. Male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236441/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A) slender; palpomere III about 1.5 times longer than wide, and about 1.8 times longer than sensory vesicle; mouth of sensory vesicle about 1/4 length of its body; palpomere V about 1.5 times longer than III. Lacinia with 15 retrorse teeth, plus 6–8 blunt serrations. Mandible (
<figureCitation id="5F9D2A664A14DB25FC4BFA66FC40CAAB" box="[923,987,1482,1507]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1085,1107]" captionTargetBox="[201,1385,381,1051]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[188,1399,373,1064]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Mouthparts of Metacnephia phrygiensis. A, B. Maxillary palp, showing five palpomeres and sensory vesicle in palpomere III. A. Female. B. Male. C, D. Mandible. C. Female. D. Male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236441/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
C) with 32 small teeth on inner margin and 13 larger teeth on outer margin. Cibarium with anterior margin broadly concave, without teeth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C71936E34A14DB25FF17F9BEFDE6C86F" blockId="1.[151,1437,1302,2011]" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A14DB25FF17F9BEFE83C963" box="[199,280,1554,1579]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">Thorax</emphasis>
—Length 
<quantity id="005E9B064A14DB25FE5FF9BFFD80C962" box="[399,539,1555,1579]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.7">1.7–1.8 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A14DB25FDE0F9B8FDA5C963" box="[560,574,1556,1579]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">n</emphasis>
= 4). Scutum with 3 faint, narrow, grayish pollinose, longitudinal vitae, conspicuous with removal of scutal hair. Scutellum laterally with long, dense, anteriorly directed hair. Anepisternal membrane with tuft of hair on upper half. Wing length 
<quantity id="005E9B064A14DB25FCC2F9F7FC06C93A" box="[786,925,1627,1651]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" metricValueMax="4.1" metricValueMin="3.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" unit="mm" value="3.9" valueMax="4.1" valueMin="3.7">3.7–4.1 mm</quantity>
. Subcosta with single row of setae ventrally. Radius entirely haired dorsally; R1 dorsally with minute, black, spiniform setae on apical half. Halter whitish, with stem straw colored. Legs concolorous, slightly paler than body. 
<collectingCountry id="BFB176734A14DB25FCA3F90EFC30C9F3" box="[883,939,1698,1723]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">Hind</collectingCountry>
basitarsus parallel-sided, slender, 6.4 times longer than wide. Calcipala minute, as long as wide, bluntly pointed; pedisulcus nothing more than trace of elongated depression with minimal wrinkling. Claws bifid (
<figureCitation id="5F9D2A664A14DB25FC9AF946FC14C84B" box="[842,911,1770,1795]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1781,1803]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,312,1751]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,301,1760]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of female claw and pupal surface of Metacnephia phrygiensis. A. Bifid claw of hind leg of female (lateral view). B. Head of female pupa (anterior view). C. Pupal thorax (dorsal view), showing microtubercles and 3 pairs of trichomes (1 pair broken but bases evident); ecdysial line runs longitudinally down center. D. Pupal gill (lateral view, right side); arrows indicates two thickest pairs of filament branches. E. Pupal segments VI-IX, showing spine combs (dorsal view). F. Spine comb, right side of segment V (dorsal view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236443/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A), each with well-developed thumblike lobe extended about half distance to tip of talon.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C71936E34A14DB26FF17F89EFEAACE08" blockId="1.[151,1437,1302,2011]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,320]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="271" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A14DB25FF17F89EFEAAC803" box="[199,305,1842,1867]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">Abdomen</emphasis>
—Segments laterally with dense, long hair. Cercus (
<figureCitation id="5F9D2A664A14DB25FCA6F89EFC23C803" box="[886,952,1842,1867]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[280,1287,213,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[272,1305,193,1857]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Terminalia of Metacnephia phrygiensis. A, B. Female. A. Anal lobe and cercus (lateral view). B. Genital fork, ventral view. C – H. Male. C. Genitalia showing gonopod and ventral plate in situ, with left gonopod, medial sclerite, dorsal sclerite, and parameres removed (ventral view). D. Gonostylus (lateral view). E. Ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view). F. Ventral plate (tilted slightly posterodorsally). G. Dorsal plate. H. Median sclerite (dorsal view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236442/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A) in lateral view subrectangular, about 2.4 times wider than long, broadly rounded posteriorly. Anal lobe (
<figureCitation id="5F9D2A664A14DB25FCB0F8FAFC38C827" box="[864,931,1878,1903]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[280,1287,213,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[272,1305,193,1857]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Terminalia of Metacnephia phrygiensis. A, B. Female. A. Anal lobe and cercus (lateral view). B. Genital fork, ventral view. C – H. Male. C. Genitalia showing gonopod and ventral plate in situ, with left gonopod, medial sclerite, dorsal sclerite, and parameres removed (ventral view). D. Gonostylus (lateral view). E. Ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view). F. Ventral plate (tilted slightly posterodorsally). G. Dorsal plate. H. Median sclerite (dorsal view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236442/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A) in lateral view consisting of unpigmented apical lobe with well-sclerotized, pigmented anteroventral margin, without microsetae but with macrosetae, plus pigmented, micro- and macrosetose basal portion narrowed and extended dorsally. Hypogynial valve subtriangular, with narrow, pigmented, well-sclerotized medial margin parallel to that of opposite valve. Genital fork (
<figureCitation id="5F9D2A664A14DB25FAECF86EFA1AC893" box="[1340,1409,1986,2011]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[280,1287,213,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[272,1305,193,1857]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Terminalia of Metacnephia phrygiensis. A, B. Female. A. Anal lobe and cercus (lateral view). B. Genital fork, ventral view. C – H. Male. C. Genitalia showing gonopod and ventral plate in situ, with left gonopod, medial sclerite, dorsal sclerite, and parameres removed (ventral view). D. Gonostylus (lateral view). E. Ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view). F. Ventral plate (tilted slightly posterodorsally). G. Dorsal plate. H. Median sclerite (dorsal view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236442/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
B) slender, as thick as each arm at junction, about as long as arm plus lateral plate; lateral plate narrow, well sclerotized centrally along its longitudinal axis, bearing short, anteriorly directed apodeme. Spermatheca darkly pigmented, ovoid, about 1.4 times longer than wide, 70–78% length of stem of genital fork; cuticle internally with strongly expressed polygonal pattern (
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A17DB26FD8EFEA8FDE1CE54" box="[606,634,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">cf.</emphasis>
fig. 17 of 
<bibRefCitation id="A3374B124A17DB26FCD9FEA9FB93CE54" author="Evans" box="[777,1032,260,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="271" refString="Evans, C. L. &amp; Adler, P. H. (2000) Microsculpture and phylogenetic significance of the spermatheca of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 78, 1468 - 1482. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 00 - 078" type="journal article" year="2000">Evans &amp; Adler 2000</bibRefCitation>
); junction with spermathecal duct unpigmented.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A17DB26FF47FB91FE8ECB1B" bold="true" box="[151,277,1085,1107]" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Mouthparts of 
<taxonomicName id="00A64D604A17DB26FE67FB91FD23CB1B" box="[439,696,1085,1107]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Metacnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phrygiensis">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A17DB26FE67FB91FD23CB1B" box="[439,696,1085,1107]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">Metacnephia phrygiensis</emphasis>
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. 
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A17DB26FD16FB92FD65CB1B" bold="true" box="[710,766,1086,1107]" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">A, B.</emphasis>
Maxillary palp, showing five palpomeres and sensory vesicle in palpomere III. 
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A17DB26FEFEFBF0FEDDCB39" bold="true" box="[302,326,1116,1137]" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">A.</emphasis>
Female. 
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A17DB26FE74FBF1FE20CB3A" bold="true" box="[420,443,1117,1138]" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">B.</emphasis>
Male. 
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A17DB26FDD2FBF0FDA1CB3A" bold="true" box="[514,570,1116,1138]" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">C, D.</emphasis>
Mandible. 
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A17DB26FD7EFBF0FD5DCB3A" bold="true" box="[686,710,1116,1138]" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">C.</emphasis>
Female. 
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A17DB26FCF4FBF1FCA6CB3A" bold="true" box="[804,829,1117,1138]" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">D.</emphasis>
Male.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="C71936E34A17DB26FF17FB33FD1ECB94" blockId="2.[151,1437,1183,1964]" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A17DB26FF17FB33FEB9CBF0" bold="true" box="[199,290,1183,1208]" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">MALE.</emphasis>
General body color brown to blackish, much like female but darker; all hair silvery to pale golden, distributed as in female but typically longer.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C71936E34A17DB26FF17FB4BFAB9CA23" blockId="2.[151,1437,1183,1964]" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A17DB26FF17FB4BFE9FCA48" box="[199,260,1255,1280]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">Head</emphasis>
—Antenna with 9 flagellomeres; first flagellomere slightly narrower, and about 1.2–1.4 times longer, than pedicel. Maxillary palp (
<figureCitation id="5F9D2A664A17DB26FE3AFAA7FDB7CA6B" box="[490,556,1291,1316]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1085,1107]" captionTargetBox="[201,1385,381,1051]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[188,1399,373,1064]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Mouthparts of Metacnephia phrygiensis. A, B. Maxillary palp, showing five palpomeres and sensory vesicle in palpomere III. A. Female. B. Male. C, D. Mandible. C. Female. D. Male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236441/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
B) slender; palpomere III about 2 times longer than wide, and about 3 times longer than sensory vesicle; mouth of sensory vesicle less than 1/3 length of its body; palpomere V about 1.5 times longer than III. Mandible weakly sclerotized, untoothed, with slightly ragged margin apically (
<figureCitation id="5F9D2A664A17DB26FB6BFAFFFB61CA23" box="[1211,1274,1363,1388]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1085,1107]" captionTargetBox="[201,1385,381,1051]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[188,1399,373,1064]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Mouthparts of Metacnephia phrygiensis. A, B. Maxillary palp, showing five palpomeres and sensory vesicle in palpomere III. A. Female. B. Male. C, D. Mandible. C. Female. D. Male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236441/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
D).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C71936E34A17DB26FF17FADBFABDC90C" blockId="2.[151,1437,1183,1964]" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A17DB26FF17FADBFE83CAD8" box="[199,280,1399,1424]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">Thorax</emphasis>
—Length 
<quantity id="005E9B064A17DB26FE43FADBFDB8CAC7" box="[403,547,1399,1423]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="271" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.7">1.7–1.8 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A17DB26FDECFAD4FDD1CAC7" box="[572,586,1400,1423]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">n</emphasis>
= 4). Scutum blackish, subshiny, unpatterned at all angles of light. Anepisternal membrane with tuft of hair on upper half. Wing length 
<quantity id="005E9B064A17DB26FC6BFA37FBD3CAFB" box="[955,1096,1435,1459]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" metricValueMax="3.9" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="271" unit="mm" value="3.65" valueMax="3.9" valueMin="3.4">3.4–3.9 mm</quantity>
. Subcosta with single row of minute setae ventrally on at least apical half. Radius entirely haired dorsally; R1 dorsally with minute, black, spiniform setae on apical one third. Halter brownish. Legs concolorous, paler than body. Fore basitarsus parallel sided, slender, 10 times longer than wide. 
<collectingCountry id="BFB176734A17DB26FDADF9ABFD2EC968" box="[637,693,1543,1568]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">Hind</collectingCountry>
tibia slightly flattened, 4.6–4.7 times longer than greatest width. 
<collectingCountry id="BFB176734A17DB26FF47F987FF54C90C" box="[151,207,1579,1604]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">Hind</collectingCountry>
basistarsus nearly parallel sided, 4.2 times as long as wide. Calcipala and pedisulcus as for female.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C71936E34A17DB26FF17F9E3FB53C8E4" blockId="2.[151,1437,1183,1964]" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A17DB26FF17F9E3FED1C920" box="[199,330,1615,1640]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">Abdomen—</emphasis>
Genitalia: Gonocoxite subquadrangular (
<figureCitation id="5F9D2A664A17DB26FCC7F9E3FCC7C92F" box="[791,860,1615,1640]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[280,1287,213,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[272,1305,193,1857]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Terminalia of Metacnephia phrygiensis. A, B. Female. A. Anal lobe and cercus (lateral view). B. Genital fork, ventral view. C – H. Male. C. Genitalia showing gonopod and ventral plate in situ, with left gonopod, medial sclerite, dorsal sclerite, and parameres removed (ventral view). D. Gonostylus (lateral view). E. Ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view). F. Ventral plate (tilted slightly posterodorsally). G. Dorsal plate. H. Median sclerite (dorsal view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236442/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
C). Gonostylus in ventral view (
<figureCitation id="5F9D2A664A17DB26FB1AF9E3FA95C92F" box="[1226,1294,1615,1640]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[280,1287,213,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[272,1305,193,1857]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Terminalia of Metacnephia phrygiensis. A, B. Female. A. Anal lobe and cercus (lateral view). B. Genital fork, ventral view. C – H. Male. C. Genitalia showing gonopod and ventral plate in situ, with left gonopod, medial sclerite, dorsal sclerite, and parameres removed (ventral view). D. Gonostylus (lateral view). E. Ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view). F. Ventral plate (tilted slightly posterodorsally). G. Dorsal plate. H. Median sclerite (dorsal view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236442/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
C) about 2.6 times longer than basal width, smoothly and gradually curved and tapered toward apex, with 1 small apical spinule; in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="5F9D2A664A17DB26FE95F93BFE1CC9E7" box="[325,391,1687,1712]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[280,1287,213,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[272,1305,193,1857]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Terminalia of Metacnephia phrygiensis. A, B. Female. A. Anal lobe and cercus (lateral view). B. Genital fork, ventral view. C – H. Male. C. Genitalia showing gonopod and ventral plate in situ, with left gonopod, medial sclerite, dorsal sclerite, and parameres removed (ventral view). D. Gonostylus (lateral view). E. Ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view). F. Ventral plate (tilted slightly posterodorsally). G. Dorsal plate. H. Median sclerite (dorsal view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236442/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
D) tapered, with apical 1/4 strongly curved medially. Ventral plate in ventral view 
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A17DB26FACBF934FAC4C9E7" box="[1307,1375,1688,1711]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">in situ</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="5F9D2A664A17DB26FABEF93BFF3EC99B" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[280,1287,213,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[272,1305,193,1857]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Terminalia of Metacnephia phrygiensis. A, B. Female. A. Anal lobe and cercus (lateral view). B. Genital fork, ventral view. C – H. Male. C. Genitalia showing gonopod and ventral plate in situ, with left gonopod, medial sclerite, dorsal sclerite, and parameres removed (ventral view). D. Gonostylus (lateral view). E. Ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view). F. Ventral plate (tilted slightly posterodorsally). G. Dorsal plate. H. Median sclerite (dorsal view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236442/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
C) with body about 1.3 times wider than long, broadly rounded posterolaterally, with posterior margin slightly concave medially, and anterior margin between arms straight to slightly concave; in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="5F9D2A664A17DB26FB0BF973FA85C9BF" box="[1243,1310,1759,1784]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[280,1287,213,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[272,1305,193,1857]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Terminalia of Metacnephia phrygiensis. A, B. Female. A. Anal lobe and cercus (lateral view). B. Genital fork, ventral view. C – H. Male. C. Genitalia showing gonopod and ventral plate in situ, with left gonopod, medial sclerite, dorsal sclerite, and parameres removed (ventral view). D. Gonostylus (lateral view). E. Ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view). F. Ventral plate (tilted slightly posterodorsally). G. Dorsal plate. H. Median sclerite (dorsal view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236442/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
E), slender, slightly bowed, with lip gradually protruded apically; in ventral view tilted slightly posterodorsally (
<figureCitation id="5F9D2A664A17DB26FAECF8AFFA18C853" box="[1340,1411,1795,1820]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[280,1287,213,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[272,1305,193,1857]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Terminalia of Metacnephia phrygiensis. A, B. Female. A. Anal lobe and cercus (lateral view). B. Genital fork, ventral view. C – H. Male. C. Genitalia showing gonopod and ventral plate in situ, with left gonopod, medial sclerite, dorsal sclerite, and parameres removed (ventral view). D. Gonostylus (lateral view). E. Ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view). F. Ventral plate (tilted slightly posterodorsally). G. Dorsal plate. H. Median sclerite (dorsal view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236442/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
F) markedly concave and broadly rounded posteriorly. Dorsal plate (
<figureCitation id="5F9D2A664A17DB26FCABF88BFC25C877" box="[891,958,1831,1856]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[280,1287,213,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[272,1305,193,1857]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Terminalia of Metacnephia phrygiensis. A, B. Female. A. Anal lobe and cercus (lateral view). B. Genital fork, ventral view. C – H. Male. C. Genitalia showing gonopod and ventral plate in situ, with left gonopod, medial sclerite, dorsal sclerite, and parameres removed (ventral view). D. Gonostylus (lateral view). E. Ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view). F. Ventral plate (tilted slightly posterodorsally). G. Dorsal plate. H. Median sclerite (dorsal view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236442/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
G) lightly sclerotized, about 5 times wider than long, with anteromedial notch. Median sclerite (
<figureCitation id="5F9D2A664A17DB26FD2DF8E7FCD9C82B" box="[765,834,1867,1892]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[280,1287,213,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[272,1305,193,1857]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Terminalia of Metacnephia phrygiensis. A, B. Female. A. Anal lobe and cercus (lateral view). B. Genital fork, ventral view. C – H. Male. C. Genitalia showing gonopod and ventral plate in situ, with left gonopod, medial sclerite, dorsal sclerite, and parameres removed (ventral view). D. Gonostylus (lateral view). E. Ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view). F. Ventral plate (tilted slightly posterodorsally). G. Dorsal plate. H. Median sclerite (dorsal view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236442/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
H) expanded basally, narrowed and parallel sided in middle section, with apical bifurcation folded back on itself. Paramere subtriangular, connected by slender extension to series of about 30 spines. Aedeagal membrane with comblike rows of microspines.
</paragraph>
<caption id="93D9666B4A16DB27FF47F8D7FB21C8A5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236442/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="272" targetBox="[280,1287,213,1832]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="C71936E34A16DB27FF47F8D7FB21C8A5" blockId="3.[151,1436,1915,2029]" pageId="3" pageNumber="272">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A16DB27FF47F8D7FE8EC8D8" bold="true" box="[151,277,1915,1937]" pageId="3" pageNumber="272">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Terminalia of 
<taxonomicName id="00A64D604A16DB27FE61F8D7FD29C8D9" box="[433,690,1915,1937]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Metacnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="272" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phrygiensis">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A16DB27FE61F8D7FD29C8D9" box="[433,690,1915,1937]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="272">Metacnephia phrygiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A16DB27FD11F8D7FD62C8D8" bold="true" box="[705,761,1915,1936]" pageId="3" pageNumber="272">A, B.</emphasis>
Female. 
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A16DB27FC8BF8D7FCEFC8D8" bold="true" box="[859,884,1915,1936]" pageId="3" pageNumber="272">A.</emphasis>
Anal lobe and cercus (lateral view). 
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A16DB27FB29F8D7FA8BC8D8" bold="true" box="[1273,1296,1915,1936]" pageId="3" pageNumber="272">B.</emphasis>
Genital fork, ventral view. 
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A16DB27FEF4F835FEC6C8E7" bold="true" box="[292,349,1945,1967]" pageId="3" pageNumber="272">C–H.</emphasis>
Male. 
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A16DB27FE78F835FE5BC8E7" bold="true" box="[424,448,1945,1967]" pageId="3" pageNumber="272">C.</emphasis>
Genitalia showing gonopod and ventral plate 
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A16DB27FC73F836FC78C8E7" box="[931,995,1946,1967]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="272">in situ</emphasis>
, with left gonopod, medial sclerite, dorsal sclerite, and parameres removed (ventral view). 
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A16DB27FD45F814FD35C885" bold="true" box="[661,686,1976,1997]" pageId="3" pageNumber="272">D.</emphasis>
Gonostylus (lateral view). 
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A16DB27FC00F814FC7CC885" bold="true" box="[976,999,1976,1997]" pageId="3" pageNumber="272">E.</emphasis>
Ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view). 
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A16DB27FF0DF87BFF75C8A4" bold="true" box="[221,238,2007,2028]" pageId="3" pageNumber="272">F.</emphasis>
Ventral plate (tilted slightly posterodorsally). 
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A16DB27FD14F87BFD43C8A5" bold="true" box="[708,728,2007,2029]" pageId="3" pageNumber="272">G.</emphasis>
Dorsal plate. 
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A16DB27FCB9F87BFC18C8A4" bold="true" box="[873,899,2007,2028]" pageId="3" pageNumber="272">H.</emphasis>
Median sclerite (dorsal view).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="C71936E34A11DB20FF17FF3BFC47CFF8" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,248]" box="[199,988,151,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A11DB20FF17FF3BFE8CCFF8" bold="true" box="[199,279,151,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">PUPA.</emphasis>
Total length (without gill) 
<quantity id="005E9B064A11DB20FD96FF3BFD54CFE7" box="[582,719,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" metricValueMax="5.9" metricValueMin="4.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="273" unit="mm" value="5.4" valueMax="5.9" valueMin="4.9">4.9–5.9 mm</quantity>
, mean 
<quantity id="005E9B064A11DB20FCCEFF3BFCEFCFE7" box="[798,884,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="273" unit="mm" value="5.4">5.4 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A11DB20FC54FF35FC09CFF8" box="[900,914,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">n</emphasis>
= 10).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C71936E34A11DB20FF17FF10FC7CCFB0" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,248]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A11DB20FF17FF10FE9FCF9D" box="[199,260,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="5F9D2A664A11DB20FEC5FF10FEC3CF9D" box="[277,344,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1781,1803]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,312,1751]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,301,1760]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of female claw and pupal surface of Metacnephia phrygiensis. A. Bifid claw of hind leg of female (lateral view). B. Head of female pupa (anterior view). C. Pupal thorax (dorsal view), showing microtubercles and 3 pairs of trichomes (1 pair broken but bases evident); ecdysial line runs longitudinally down center. D. Pupal gill (lateral view, right side); arrows indicates two thickest pairs of filament branches. E. Pupal segments VI-IX, showing spine combs (dorsal view). F. Spine comb, right side of segment V (dorsal view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236443/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
B)—Cuticle with irregularly scattered, rounded microtubercles. Frontoclypeal sheath bearing 1 small, slender, unbranched trichome along medial antennal margin per side.
</paragraph>
<caption id="93D9666B4A11DB20FF47F959FC55C8CE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236443/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="273" targetBox="[159,1427,312,1751]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="C71936E34A11DB20FF47F959FC55C8CE" blockId="4.[151,1436,1781,1926]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A11DB20FF47F959FE8FC842" bold="true" box="[151,276,1781,1803]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Scanning electron micrographs of female claw and pupal surface of 
<taxonomicName id="00A64D604A11DB20FC32F959FB79C843" box="[994,1250,1781,1803]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Metacnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phrygiensis">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A11DB20FC32F959FB79C843" box="[994,1250,1781,1803]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">Metacnephia phrygiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A11DB20FB22F959FA91C842" bold="true" box="[1266,1290,1781,1802]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">A.</emphasis>
Bifid claw of hind leg of female (lateral view). 
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A11DB20FDC8F8B8FDB5C861" bold="true" box="[536,558,1812,1833]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">B.</emphasis>
Head of female pupa (anterior view). 
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A11DB20FC37F8B8FB9BC862" bold="true" box="[999,1024,1812,1834]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">C.</emphasis>
Pupal thorax (dorsal view), showing microtubercles and 3 pairs of trichomes (1 pair broken but bases evident); ecdysial line runs longitudinally down center. 
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A11DB20FA53F89FFA07C800" bold="true" box="[1411,1436,1843,1864]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">D.</emphasis>
Pupal gill (lateral view, right side); arrows indicates two thickest pairs of filament branches. 
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A11DB20FBEBF8FEFBC9C82F" bold="true" box="[1083,1106,1874,1895]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">E.</emphasis>
Pupal segments VI-IX, showing spine combs (dorsal view). 
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A11DB20FE7EF8DCFE24C8CD" bold="true" box="[430,447,1904,1925]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">F.</emphasis>
Spine comb, right side of segment V (dorsal view).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="C71936E34A10DB21FF17FF3BFE16CE08" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1904]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A10DB21FF17FF3BFE83CFF8" box="[199,280,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">Thorax</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="5F9D2A664A10DB21FEF8FF3BFEF2CFF8" box="[296,361,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1781,1803]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,312,1751]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,301,1760]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of female claw and pupal surface of Metacnephia phrygiensis. A. Bifid claw of hind leg of female (lateral view). B. Head of female pupa (anterior view). C. Pupal thorax (dorsal view), showing microtubercles and 3 pairs of trichomes (1 pair broken but bases evident); ecdysial line runs longitudinally down center. D. Pupal gill (lateral view, right side); arrows indicates two thickest pairs of filament branches. E. Pupal segments VI-IX, showing spine combs (dorsal view). F. Spine comb, right side of segment V (dorsal view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236443/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
C)—Cuticle with microtubercles as on head; 3 or 4 slender, unbranched trichomes dorsally per side. Gill (
<figureCitation id="5F9D2A664A10DB21FEC0FF10FEC9CF9C" box="[272,338,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1781,1803]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,312,1751]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,301,1760]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of female claw and pupal surface of Metacnephia phrygiensis. A. Bifid claw of hind leg of female (lateral view). B. Head of female pupa (anterior view). C. Pupal thorax (dorsal view), showing microtubercles and 3 pairs of trichomes (1 pair broken but bases evident); ecdysial line runs longitudinally down center. D. Pupal gill (lateral view, right side); arrows indicates two thickest pairs of filament branches. E. Pupal segments VI-IX, showing spine combs (dorsal view). F. Spine comb, right side of segment V (dorsal view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236443/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
D) with 46–53 fine, slender, grayish, transversely furrowed filaments arising from 3 short, stout, medial stalks and 1 outer cluster variously branched directly from base; dorsal group with 16 or 17 filaments, middle group with 6–8 filaments of which 2 are thickest in gill, ventral group with 8 filaments, and outer cluster with 16–20 filaments.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C71936E34A10DB21FF17FEE0FF71CDB8" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1904]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A10DB21FF17FEE0FED1CE2D" box="[199,330,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">Abdomen—</emphasis>
Tergite I with 3 small, pale setae per side; II with 4 dorsal and 3 or 4 lateral, small, dark brown setae per side; III and IV each with 1 small seta at about midlength and 4 dorsal and 3 lateral, anteriorly directed, recurved hooks along posterior margin per side; V with same onchotaxy as III and IV, but with 3 lateral anteriorly directed tiny hooks in pleural membrane rather than in tergite; V–VIII each with dark brown spine comb along anterior margin, progressively enlarged on each segment (
<figureCitation id="5F9D2A664A10DB21FCF2FE70FCFFCEBC" box="[802,868,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1781,1803]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,312,1751]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,301,1760]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of female claw and pupal surface of Metacnephia phrygiensis. A. Bifid claw of hind leg of female (lateral view). B. Head of female pupa (anterior view). C. Pupal thorax (dorsal view), showing microtubercles and 3 pairs of trichomes (1 pair broken but bases evident); ecdysial line runs longitudinally down center. D. Pupal gill (lateral view, right side); arrows indicates two thickest pairs of filament branches. E. Pupal segments VI-IX, showing spine combs (dorsal view). F. Spine comb, right side of segment V (dorsal view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236443/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
E, F); VI and VII with 2–5 minute, pale, thin setae in pleural membrane per side, plus 1 anteriorly directed hook on sclerite in pleural region; IX with pair of brown, acuminate, posteriorly directed terminal spines. Sternites III and IV with 3–5 small, slender, brown setae per side. Segment V with 0–2 small, pale setae in pleural membrane and pair of closely set anteriorly directed, recurved hooks on sternite per side. Segments VI and VII each with 0–2 small, pale setae, and 1 brown, anteriorly directed, recurved hook in sternite; segment VIII with 2 or 3 brown, anchor-shaped hooks in pleural membrane per side; IX with lateral cluster of 4–6 anchor-shaped hooks, each bearing 2–6 tines, in pleural membrane of each side (
<figureCitation id="5F9D2A664A10DB21FAB4FD18FF3DCDB8" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[165,1425,204,1706]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1720]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrographs of pupa, cocoon, and larval mouthparts of Metacnephia phrygiensis. A. Pupal segments VIII and IX, showing anchor-shaped setae and terminal spines (posteroventral view). B. Anchor-shaped setae in membrane of segment IX (posteroventral view). C. Cocoon (lateral view). D. Larval hypostoma, flanked anteriorly by bases of maxillae (ventral view); labiohypopharyngeal complex removed. Inset shows magnification of hypostomal teeth. E. Apex of larval mandible (ventral view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236444/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
A, B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C71936E34A10DB21FF17FD51FE62CC15" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1904]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A10DB21FF17FD51FE85CC5C" box="[199,286,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">Cocoon</emphasis>
—Total length 
<quantity id="005E9B064A10DB21FE1AFD50FDCFCC5C" box="[458,596,764,789]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.649999999999999" metricValueMax="9.7" metricValueMin="7.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" unit="mm" value="8.649999999999999" valueMax="9.7" valueMin="7.6">7.6–9.7 mm</quantity>
, mean 
<quantity id="005E9B064A10DB21FD76FD50FD66CC5C" box="[678,765,764,788]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" unit="mm" value="8.3">8.3 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A10DB21FCDDFD51FC80CC5C" box="[781,795,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">n</emphasis>
= 8). Slipper shaped, elongated, low in profile, coarsely woven, fenestrated, especially in anterior 1/3 where windows are enlarged (
<figureCitation id="5F9D2A664A10DB21FC23FCB3FBA3CC70" box="[1011,1080,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[165,1425,204,1706]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1720]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrographs of pupa, cocoon, and larval mouthparts of Metacnephia phrygiensis. A. Pupal segments VIII and IX, showing anchor-shaped setae and terminal spines (posteroventral view). B. Anchor-shaped setae in membrane of segment IX (posteroventral view). C. Cocoon (lateral view). D. Larval hypostoma, flanked anteriorly by bases of maxillae (ventral view); labiohypopharyngeal complex removed. Inset shows magnification of hypostomal teeth. E. Apex of larval mandible (ventral view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236444/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
C), anterodorsally often incised for 1/4–1/3 total cocoon length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C71936E34A10DB21FF17FCCBFDC4CCED" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1904]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A10DB21FF17FCCBFE3ECCC8" bold="true" box="[199,421,871,896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">LARVA (mature).</emphasis>
Length 
<quantity id="005E9B064A10DB21FDC3FCC4FD3FCC37" box="[531,676,872,896]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" metricValueMax="9.3" metricValueMin="8.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" unit="mm" value="8.7" valueMax="9.3" valueMin="8.1">8.1–9.3 mm</quantity>
, mean 
<quantity id="005E9B064A10DB21FCD4FCC4FCF8CC37" box="[772,867,872,896]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" unit="mm" value="8.8">8.8 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A10DB21FCABFCC5FC12CCC8" box="[891,905,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">n</emphasis>
= 14). General body color brownish gray; intersegmental bands thin, unpigmented.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C71936E34A10DB21FF17FC03FF61C918" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1904]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A10DB21FF17FC03FE9FCC80" box="[199,260,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">Head</emphasis>
—Head capsule pale yellowish (
<figureCitation id="5F9D2A664A10DB21FDA7FC03FD27CC80" box="[631,700,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1481,1503]" captionTargetBox="[295,1290,200,1423]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[283,1304,193,1440]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Larval head capsule of Metacnephia phrygiensis. A, B. Dorsal view. C, D. Ventral view showing postgenal cleft with anterior extension strongly expressed (C) and weakly expressed (D). (A, C photographed with transmitted light but with fully open stage diaphragm to simulate incident lighting, as when viewing specimen under a stereomicroscope; i. e., setal sockets are not visible. B, D photographed with transmitted light and partially closed stage diaphragm to highlight setal sockets)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236445/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
A, B); head spots generally positive, brownish, but variably and weakly defined; anteromedial and posteromedial head spots confluent or nearly so, forming continuous longitudinal line, sometimes confluent with first anterolateral head spots, forming cross, and sometimes with second posterolateral head spots, forming continuous posterior border across frontoclypeal apotome; second anterolateral head spots confluent with first or absent; first posterolateral head spots variably distinct; setae on frontoclypeal apotome minute, unbranched, sparse, fewer than 25 posterior to antennal bases, and those on postgena unbranched or bifurcated basally (visible only with transmitted light through cleared head capsule and partially closed stage diaphragm; 
<figureCitation id="5F9D2A664A10DB21FDFDFB00FDEECB8D" box="[557,629,1196,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1481,1503]" captionTargetBox="[295,1290,200,1423]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[283,1304,193,1440]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Larval head capsule of Metacnephia phrygiensis. A, B. Dorsal view. C, D. Ventral view showing postgenal cleft with anterior extension strongly expressed (C) and weakly expressed (D). (A, C photographed with transmitted light but with fully open stage diaphragm to simulate incident lighting, as when viewing specimen under a stereomicroscope; i. e., setal sockets are not visible. B, D photographed with transmitted light and partially closed stage diaphragm to highlight setal sockets)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236445/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
B, D); line above ocelli brown. Cervical sclerites ovoid, free from postocciput or connected to it laterally by strip of barely pigmented cuticle. Antenna subequal in length to stem of labral fan; proximal article pale brownish dorsally; medial article nearly unpigmented; distal article uniformly brown, contrasting strongly with medial article; ratio of articles (proximal to distal including apical sensillum) approximately 1.0:1.5:1.0. Labral fan short, stout, with 54–60 (
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A10DB21FCBAFA91FCE3CA1C" box="[874,888,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">n</emphasis>
= 10) primary rays; microtrichia long, up to 40 µm. Hypostoma (
<figureCitation id="5F9D2A664A10DB21FE8AFAF3FE07CA30" box="[346,412,1375,1400]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[165,1425,204,1706]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1720]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrographs of pupa, cocoon, and larval mouthparts of Metacnephia phrygiensis. A. Pupal segments VIII and IX, showing anchor-shaped setae and terminal spines (posteroventral view). B. Anchor-shaped setae in membrane of segment IX (posteroventral view). C. Cocoon (lateral view). D. Larval hypostoma, flanked anteriorly by bases of maxillae (ventral view); labiohypopharyngeal complex removed. Inset shows magnification of hypostomal teeth. E. Apex of larval mandible (ventral view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236444/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
D) with all teeth minute; each lateral tooth inclined medially; 4–6 lateral serrations per side; 3–5 unbranched or apically bifurcated hypostomal setae along each lateral margin, plus 1 or 2 additional, smaller, branched or unbranched setae on central disk. Mandible bearing 2 somewhat lobate outer teeth, 1 large apical tooth, about 12 slender spinous teeth, and 3–5 mandibular serrations (
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A10DB21FCB9FA61FC3CCAAC" box="[873,935,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A3374B124A10DB21FC60FA60FBABCAAC" author="Craig" box="[944,1072,1484,1509]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" refString="Craig, D. A. (1977) Mouthparts and feeding behaviour of Tahitian larval Simuliidae (Diptera: Nematocera). Quaestiones Entomologicae, 13, 195 - 218." type="journal article" year="1977">Craig 1977</bibRefCitation>
) (
<figureCitation id="5F9D2A664A10DB21FB99FA60FB15CAAC" box="[1097,1166,1484,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[165,1425,204,1706]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1720]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrographs of pupa, cocoon, and larval mouthparts of Metacnephia phrygiensis. A. Pupal segments VIII and IX, showing anchor-shaped setae and terminal spines (posteroventral view). B. Anchor-shaped setae in membrane of segment IX (posteroventral view). C. Cocoon (lateral view). D. Larval hypostoma, flanked anteriorly by bases of maxillae (ventral view); labiohypopharyngeal complex removed. Inset shows magnification of hypostomal teeth. E. Apex of larval mandible (ventral view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236444/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
E). Postgenal cleft (
<figureCitation id="5F9D2A664A10DB21FABEFA60FF3EC940" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1481,1503]" captionTargetBox="[295,1290,200,1423]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[283,1304,193,1440]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Larval head capsule of Metacnephia phrygiensis. A, B. Dorsal view. C, D. Ventral view showing postgenal cleft with anterior extension strongly expressed (C) and weakly expressed (D). (A, C photographed with transmitted light but with fully open stage diaphragm to simulate incident lighting, as when viewing specimen under a stereomicroscope; i. e., setal sockets are not visible. B, D photographed with transmitted light and partially closed stage diaphragm to highlight setal sockets)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236445/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
C, D) triangular, with lateral margins variably bowed outward, and with slender extension of variable apparency continued toward or to hypostomal groove; subesophageal ganglion at least partially ensheathed with grayish pigment.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C71936E34A10DB21FF17F9F0FAEEC9A8" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1904]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A10DB21FF17F9F0FE83C93D" box="[199,280,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">Thorax</emphasis>
—Prothoracic proleg with lateral plate pale yellowish brown to brown, subquadrangular. Gill histoblast (dissected out and uncurled, 
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A10DB21FE08F92CFE6FC9D0" box="[472,500,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">cf.</emphasis>
<figureCitation id="5F9D2A664A10DB21FE2BF9D3FDA0C9D0" box="[507,571,1663,1688]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1781,1803]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,312,1751]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,301,1760]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of female claw and pupal surface of Metacnephia phrygiensis. A. Bifid claw of hind leg of female (lateral view). B. Head of female pupa (anterior view). C. Pupal thorax (dorsal view), showing microtubercles and 3 pairs of trichomes (1 pair broken but bases evident); ecdysial line runs longitudinally down center. D. Pupal gill (lateral view, right side); arrows indicates two thickest pairs of filament branches. E. Pupal segments VI-IX, showing spine combs (dorsal view). F. Spine comb, right side of segment V (dorsal view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236443/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
D) of 46–53 slender filaments arising from 3 short, stout, medial stalks and 1 outer cluster variously branched directly from base; dorsal group with 16 or 17 filaments, middle group with 6–8 filaments of which 2 are thickest in gill, ventral group with 8 filaments, and outer cluster with 16–20 filaments.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C71936E34A10DB21FF17F940FEA3C838" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1904]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A10DB21FF17F940FEAAC84D" box="[199,305,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">Abdomen</emphasis>
—Segments gradually expanded posteriorly, widest at segment VII; ventral tubercles absent. Cuticle nearly bare. Anal sclerite with anterior arms broadened at midlength; posterior arms slender, and about 1.3–1.4 times longer than anterior arms. Rectal papillae of 3 unbranched lobes. Posterior circlet with 98–102 rows of 13–15 hooklets each.
</paragraph>
<caption id="93D9666B4A13DB22FF47F942FE4AC836" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236444/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="275" targetBox="[165,1425,204,1706]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="C71936E34A13DB22FF47F942FE4AC836" blockId="6.[151,1436,1774,1918]" pageId="6" pageNumber="275">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A13DB22FF47F942FE8DC84B" bold="true" box="[151,278,1774,1796]" pageId="6" pageNumber="275">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Scanning electron micrographs of pupa, cocoon, and larval mouthparts of 
<taxonomicName id="00A64D604A13DB22FBFEF942FAAAC84C" box="[1070,1329,1774,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Metacnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phrygiensis">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A13DB22FBFEF942FAAAC84C" box="[1070,1329,1774,1796]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="275">Metacnephia phrygiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A13DB22FA90F942FAC2C84B" bold="true" box="[1344,1369,1774,1795]" pageId="6" pageNumber="275">A.</emphasis>
Pupal segments VIII and IX, showing anchor-shaped setae and terminal spines (posteroventral view). 
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A13DB22FB57F8A1FB05C86A" bold="true" box="[1159,1182,1805,1826]" pageId="6" pageNumber="275">B.</emphasis>
Anchor-shaped setae in membrane of segment IX (posteroventral view). 
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A13DB22FD54F887FD06C809" bold="true" box="[644,669,1835,1857]" pageId="6" pageNumber="275">C.</emphasis>
Cocoon (lateral view). 
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A13DB22FC5CF887FC3EC808" bold="true" box="[908,933,1835,1856]" pageId="6" pageNumber="275">D.</emphasis>
Larval hypostoma, flanked anteriorly by bases of maxillae (ventral view); labiohypopharyngeal complex removed. Inset shows magnification of hypostomal teeth. 
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A13DB22FAF9F8E6FADBC817" bold="true" box="[1321,1344,1866,1887]" pageId="6" pageNumber="275">E.</emphasis>
Apex of larval mandible (ventral view).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="93D9666B4A12DB23FF47FA65FF6AC912" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236445/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="276" targetBox="[295,1290,200,1423]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="C71936E34A12DB23FF47FA65FF6AC912" blockId="7.[151,1436,1481,1626]" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A12DB23FF47FA65FE88CA96" bold="true" box="[151,275,1481,1503]" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Larval head capsule of 
<taxonomicName id="00A64D604A12DB23FDDBFA65FC97CA97" box="[523,780,1481,1503]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Metacnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phrygiensis">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A12DB23FDDBFA65FC97CA97" box="[523,780,1481,1503]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">Metacnephia phrygiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A12DB23FCC9FA65FCCBCA96" bold="true" box="[793,848,1481,1502]" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">A, B.</emphasis>
Dorsal view. 
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A12DB23FC30FA65FB82CA96" bold="true" box="[992,1049,1481,1503]" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">C, D.</emphasis>
Ventral view showing postgenal cleft with anterior extension strongly expressed (
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A12DB23FD87FA44FDF2CAB6" bold="true" box="[599,617,1512,1534]" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">C</emphasis>
) and weakly expressed (
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A12DB23FCB8FA44FCE1CAB5" bold="true" box="[872,890,1512,1533]" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">D</emphasis>
). (
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A12DB23FC49FA44FC50CAB6" bold="true" box="[921,971,1512,1534]" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">A, C</emphasis>
photographed with transmitted light but with fully open stage diaphragm to simulate incident lighting, as when viewing specimen under a stereomicroscope; i.e., setal sockets are not visible. 
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A12DB23FE46F98AFE51C973" bold="true" box="[406,458,1574,1595]" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">B, D</emphasis>
photographed with transmitted light and partially closed stage diaphragm to highlight setal sockets).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="C71936E34A12DB23FF17F92AFD80C867" blockId="7.[151,1436,1670,1983]" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A12DB23FF17F92AFE45C9D7" bold="true" box="[199,478,1670,1695]" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">Polytene chromosomes.</emphasis>
The polytene complements (2 
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A12DB23FCE1F92BFCA4C9D6" box="[817,831,1671,1694]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">n</emphasis>
= 6) of 
<specimenCount id="D1A0FD6A4A12DB23FC47F92AFC64C9D7" box="[919,1023,1670,1695]" pageId="7" pageNumber="276" type="larva">15 larvae</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCount id="D1A0FD6A4A12DB23FBDEF92BFB10C9D7" box="[1038,1163,1670,1695]" pageId="7" pageNumber="276" type="female">10 females</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="D1A0FD6A4A12DB23FB45F92AFB76C9D7" box="[1173,1261,1670,1695]" pageId="7" pageNumber="276" type="male">5 males</specimenCount>
) were analyzed from the 
<typeStatus id="181D88414A12DB23FF2DF907FEB6C98B" box="[253,301,1707,1731]" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">type</typeStatus>
locality in April of 2007 (
<specimenCount id="D1A0FD6A4A12DB23FD84F907FD27C98B" box="[596,700,1706,1731]" pageId="7" pageNumber="276" type="larva">11 larvae</specimenCount>
) and 2008 (
<specimenCount id="D1A0FD6A4A12DB23FC92F907FC3AC98B" box="[834,929,1706,1731]" pageId="7" pageNumber="276" type="larva">4 larvae</specimenCount>
). The complement had the typical whole-arm interchange (IS + IIL, 
<collectingCountry id="BFB176734A12DB23FE43F963FE35C9AE" box="[403,430,1743,1766]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">IL</collectingCountry>
+ IIS) characteristic of the genus. The homologues were tightly paired for about 85–90% of the total complement length, the centromere regions were expanded, and the nucleolar organizer was in the standard location in the base of IS.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C71936E34A12DB23FF17F896FB45C8F7" blockId="7.[151,1436,1670,1983]" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">
Chromosome arms IS and IIIS had the standard banding pattern of the genus. IIS was fixed for inversion 
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A12DB23FAB4F897FA07C81B" box="[1380,1436,1851,1875]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">IIS-2</emphasis>
and IIL was fixed for 
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A12DB23FE41F8F2FE51C83F" box="[401,458,1886,1911]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">IIL-6</emphasis>
, both of 
<bibRefCitation id="A3374B124A12DB23FDE3F8F2FD6DC83F" author="Procunier" box="[563,758,1886,1911]" pageId="7" pageNumber="276" refString="Procunier, W. S. (1982) A cytological description of 10 taxa in Metacnephia (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 60, 2852 - 2865. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 82 - 364" type="journal article" year="1982">Procunier (1982)</bibRefCitation>
. 
<collectingCountry id="BFB176734A12DB23FCD2F8F3FC86C83E" box="[770,797,1887,1910]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">IL</collectingCountry>
is hypothesized, perhaps overly simplistically, to have a single, fixed, mid-arm inversion, 
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A12DB23FDDCF82FFDD1C8D3" box="[524,586,1923,1947]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">IL-12</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="5F9D2A664A12DB23FD89F82EFD06C8D3" box="[601,669,1922,1947]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,691,713]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,214,651]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[152,1435,193,670]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Chromosome IL of Metacnephia phrygiensis (female larva), showing fixed inversion IL- 12. C = centromere." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236446/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
), and IIIL to have 4 fixed inversions— 
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A12DB23FB80F82EFB08C8D3" box="[1104,1171,1922,1947]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">IIIL-6</emphasis>
(which is an autosomal polymorphism in 
<taxonomicName id="00A64D604A12DB23FE8EF804FD10C8F7" authority="Ladle &amp; Bass" authorityName="Ladle &amp; Bass" box="[350,651,1958,1983]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Metacnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amphora">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A12DB23FE8EF804FE73C8F7" box="[350,488,1958,1983]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">M. amphora</emphasis>
Ladle &amp; Bass
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="A3374B124A12DB23FD46F80AFCDDC8F7" author="Procunier" box="[662,838,1958,1983]" pageId="7" pageNumber="276" refString="Procunier, W. S. (1982) A cytological description of 10 taxa in Metacnephia (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 60, 2852 - 2865. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 82 - 364" type="journal article" year="1982">Procunier 1982</bibRefCitation>
), 
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A12DB23FC8AF80BFC06C8F7" box="[858,925,1959,1983]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">IIIL-8</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A12DB23FC7BF80BFC75C8F7" box="[939,1006,1959,1983]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">IIIL-9</emphasis>
, and 
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A12DB23FBFBF80BFBE7C8F7" box="[1067,1148,1959,1983]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">IIIL-10</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="5F9D2A664A12DB23FB5BF80AFB54C8F7" box="[1163,1231,1958,1983]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1329,1351]" captionTargetBox="[190,1402,788,1269]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[171,1419,763,1288]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Chromosome IIIL of Metacnephia phrygiensis (male larva, except sections 97 – 100 female larva), showing fixed inversions IIIL- 6, 8, 9, 10. C = centromere." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236447/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="276">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="93D9666B4A1DDB2CFF47FD1FFAFCCD81" box="[151,1383,691,713]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236446/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" targetBox="[157,1429,214,651]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="C71936E34A1DDB2CFF47FD1FFAFCCD81" blockId="8.[151,1383,691,713]" box="[151,1383,691,713]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A1DDB2CFF47FD1FFE89CD80" bold="true" box="[151,274,691,713]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Chromosome IL of 
<taxonomicName id="00A64D604A1DDB2CFE31FD1FFD7ACD81" box="[481,737,691,713]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Metacnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phrygiensis">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A1DDB2CFE31FD1FFD7ACD81" box="[481,737,691,713]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">Metacnephia phrygiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(female larva), showing fixed inversion 
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A1DDB2CFBADFD1FFB2DCD81" box="[1149,1206,691,713]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">IL-12</emphasis>
. C = centromere.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="93D9666B4A1DDB2CFF47FA9DFDD7CA2D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236447/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" targetBox="[190,1402,788,1269]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="C71936E34A1DDB2CFF47FA9DFDD7CA2D" blockId="8.[151,1436,1329,1381]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A1DDB2CFF47FA9DFE88CA0E" bold="true" box="[151,275,1329,1351]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
Chromosome IIIL of 
<taxonomicName id="00A64D604A1DDB2CFE27FA9DFD63CA0F" box="[503,760,1329,1351]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Metacnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phrygiensis">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A1DDB2CFE27FA9DFD63CA0F" box="[503,760,1329,1351]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">Metacnephia phrygiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(male larva, except sections 97–100 female larva), showing fixed inversions 
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A1DDB2CFED5FAE3FE01CA2D" box="[261,410,1359,1381]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">IIIL-6, 8, 9, 10</emphasis>
. C = centromere.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="C71936E34A1DDB2CFF17FA20FE2CCAB8" blockId="8.[151,1436,1420,2024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">
Only one polymorphism was found, a small inversion in the base of IIL. The sex chromosomes were undifferentiated (X0 
<collectingCountry id="BFB176734A1DDB2CFEAFFA1EFE08CA81" box="[383,403,1458,1481]" name="Italy" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">Y</collectingCountry>
0), although a hint of unpairing was present in the expanded centromere region of chromosome III in males.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8FBC65684A1DDB2CFF17FA57FC93C914" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="C71936E34A1DDB2CFF17FA57FC93C914" blockId="8.[151,1436,1420,2024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A1DDB2CFF17FA57FED5C95C" bold="true" box="[199,334,1531,1556]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species name “ 
<taxonomicName id="00A64D604A1DDB2CFDE1FA57FD29C95C" box="[561,690,1531,1556]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Metacnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phrygiensis">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A1DDB2CFDE1FA57FD29C95C" box="[561,690,1531,1556]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">phrygiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” is from the ancient kingdom of Phrygia in Western 
<collectingCountry id="BFB176734A1DDB2CFADBFA57FAF5C95C" box="[1291,1390,1531,1556]" name="Turkey" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">Anatolia</collectingCountry>
, the dominant empire in 
<collectingCountry id="BFB176734A1DDB2CFEAAF9B3FE60C970" box="[378,507,1567,1592]" name="Turkey" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">Asia Minor</collectingCountry>
from about 1200 to 700 BC in what later would become 
<collectingCountry id="BFB176734A1DDB2CFB51F9B3FB48C970" box="[1153,1235,1567,1592]" name="Turkey" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">Turkey</collectingCountry>
. The 
<typeStatus id="181D88414A1DDB2CFAC1F98CFADAC970" box="[1297,1345,1568,1592]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">type</typeStatus>
locality of 
<taxonomicName id="00A64D604A1DDB2CFF65F9E9FEC7C914" box="[181,348,1603,1628]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Metacnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phrygiensis">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A1DDB2CFF65F9E9FEC7C914" box="[181,348,1603,1628]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">M. phrygiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is now known as the Phrygian Valley.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8FBC65684A1DDB2EFF17F9CBFB90CCA4" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="279" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C71936E34A1DDB2CFF17F9CBFCFAC980" blockId="8.[151,1436,1420,2024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A1DDB2CFF17F9CBFEA0C9C8" bold="true" box="[199,315,1639,1664]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">
<typeStatus id="181D88414A1DDB2CFF17F9CBFEADC9C8" box="[199,310,1639,1664]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Pupa with cocoon and larval head capsule (80% ethanol) (
<collectionCode id="A1B7AE264A1DDB2CFBCDF9C4FBEFC9C8" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1053,1140,1640,1664]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">USNM</collectionCode>
). 
<typeStatus id="181D88414A1DDB2CFB5FF9C4FB5CC9C8" box="[1167,1223,1640,1664]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">Type</typeStatus>
locality (
<figureCitation id="5F9D2A664A1DDB2CFA91F9CBFA16C9C8" box="[1345,1421,1639,1664]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1323,1345]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,403,1302]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[150,1437,337,1302]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 8. Type locality of Metacnephia phrygiensis: Turkey, Kütahya Province, village of Ağaçköy, Çandiraz stream, 21 April 2011." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236448/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
): 
<collectingCountry id="BFB176734A1DDB2CFF47F920FE93C9EB" box="[151,264,1676,1699]" name="Turkey" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">TURKEY</collectingCountry>
, Kütahya Province, Ağaçköy (village), Çandiraz stream (local name), 
<geoCoordinate id="A29250244A1DDB2CFBF7F920FB59C9EC" box="[1063,1218,1676,1700]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" precision="1" value="39.35411">39º21’14.8”N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="A29250244A1DDB2CFB1BF927FAFEC9EC" box="[1227,1381,1675,1700]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" precision="1" value="30.108168">30º06’29.4”E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="005E9B064A1DDB2CFAA2F927FF36C98F" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.54" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" unit="m" value="954.0">954 m</quantity>
above sea level (asl), 
<date id="B31810234A1DDB2CFE76F91CFDDFC980" box="[422,580,1711,1736]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" value="2007-04-11">11 April 2007</date>
, collected by Ü. D. Şirin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C71936E34A1DDB2DFF17F97FFEFBCE54" blockId="8.[151,1436,1420,2024]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="278" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A1DDB2CFF17F97FFEDDC9A4" bold="true" box="[199,326,1747,1772]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">
<typeStatus id="181D88414A1DDB2CFF17F97FFEDAC9A4" box="[199,321,1747,1772]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Same data as for 
<typeStatus id="181D88414A1DDB2CFDDCF97FFDE8C9A4" box="[524,627,1747,1772]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
: 
<date id="B31810234A1DDB2CFDACF97FFC85C9A4" box="[636,798,1747,1772]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" value="2000-04-16">16 April 2000</date>
: 
<specimenCount id="D1A0FD6A4A1DDB2CFCF7F978FC16C9A3" box="[807,909,1748,1772]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" type="pupa">10 pupae</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="D1A0FD6A4A1DDB2CFC13F978FB87C9A4" box="[963,1052,1747,1772]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" type="larva">7 larvae</specimenCount>
(80% ethanol) (
<collectionCode id="A1B7AE264A1DDB2CFB00F978FAB8C9A4" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33168" box="[1232,1315,1748,1772]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33168" name="Clemson University Arthropod Collection" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">CUAC</collectionCode>
), 
<specimenCount id="D1A0FD6A4A1DDB2CFAE7F978FA07C9A3" box="[1335,1436,1748,1772]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" type="pupa">18 pupae</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="D1A0FD6A4A1DDB2CFF19F954FEA9C858" box="[201,306,1783,1808]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" type="larva">12 larvae</specimenCount>
(80% ethanol) (
<collectionCode id="A1B7AE264A1DDB2CFE3FF954FDD9C858" box="[495,578,1784,1808]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">EOUC</collectionCode>
); 
<date id="B31810234A1DDB2CFD87F954FD67C858" box="[599,764,1783,1808]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" value="2007-04-11">11 April 2007</date>
: 
<specimenCount id="D1A0FD6A4A1DDB2CFCD9F954FCECC858" box="[777,887,1783,1808]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="D1A0FD6A4A1DDB2CFC62F95BFB90C858" box="[946,1035,1783,1808]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" type="male">5 males</specimenCount>
(pinned), plus 
<specimenCount id="D1A0FD6A4A1DDB2CFB6CF954FA97C858" box="[1212,1292,1783,1808]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="D1A0FD6A4A1DDB2CFACAF954FA1BC858" box="[1306,1408,1783,1808]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="D1A0FD6A4A1DDB2CFA5EF954FF46C87B" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" type="pupa">8 pupae</specimenCount>
, and 
<specimenCount id="D1A0FD6A4A1DDB2CFEC9F8B0FE1AC87C" box="[281,385,1819,1844]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" type="larva">10 larvae</specimenCount>
(80% ethanol) (
<collectionCode id="A1B7AE264A1DDB2CFDEAF8B0FD14C87C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[570,655,1820,1844]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">USNM</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="A1B7AE264A1DDB2CFD4CF8B0FD75C87C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33168" box="[668,750,1820,1844]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33168" name="Clemson University Arthropod Collection" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">CUAC</collectionCode>
), photographic negatives of 
<collectingCountry id="BFB176734A1DDB2CFBE0F8B0FBD0C87B" box="[1072,1099,1820,1843]" name="Iceland" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">IL</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectionCode id="A1B7AE264A1DDB2CFB53F8B0FB2BC87B" box="[1155,1200,1820,1843]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">IIIL</collectionCode>
(
<collectionCode id="A1B7AE264A1DDB2CFB10F8B0FA88C87C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33168" box="[1216,1299,1820,1844]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33168" name="Clemson University Arthropod Collection" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">CUAC</collectionCode>
), 
<specimenCount id="D1A0FD6A4A1DDB2CFAF8F8B0FA19C87C" box="[1320,1410,1819,1844]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="D1A0FD6A4A1DDB2CFA5EF8B0FF7DC810" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="D1A0FD6A4A1DDB2CFF22F8ECFEC2C81F" box="[242,345,1856,1880]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" type="pupa">11 pupae</specimenCount>
, and 
<specimenCount id="D1A0FD6A4A1DDB2CFE46F8ECFE6BC810" box="[406,496,1855,1880]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" type="larva">7 larvae</specimenCount>
(80% ethanol) (
<collectionCode id="A1B7AE264A1DDB2CFD76F8ECFD63C810" box="[678,760,1856,1880]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">EOUC</collectionCode>
); 
<date id="B31810234A1DDB2CFCDCF8ECFC34C810" box="[780,943,1855,1880]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" value="2008-04-23">23 April 2008</date>
: 
<specimenCount id="D1A0FD6A4A1DDB2CFC6AF893FB8FC810" box="[954,1044,1855,1880]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" type="larva">5 larvae</specimenCount>
(collected in Carnoy’s, transferred to 80% ethanol) (
<collectionCode id="A1B7AE264A1DDB2CFE8FF8C8FE28C834" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33168" box="[351,435,1892,1916]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33168" name="Clemson University Arthropod Collection" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">CUAC</collectionCode>
); 
<date id="B31810234A1DDB2CFE18F8C8FDF6C834" box="[456,621,1891,1916]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" value="2011-04-21">21 April 2011</date>
: 
<specimenCount id="D1A0FD6A4A1DDB2CFDA9F8C8FD51C834" box="[633,714,1891,1916]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="D1A0FD6A4A1DDB2CFD07F8C8FCA6C834" box="[727,829,1891,1916]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="D1A0FD6A4A1DDB2CFC9BF8C8FC2EC833" box="[843,949,1892,1916]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" type="pupa">11 pupae</specimenCount>
, and 
<specimenCount id="D1A0FD6A4A1DDB2CFC23F8C8FBC6C834" box="[1011,1117,1891,1916]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" type="larva">13 larvae</specimenCount>
(80% ethanol) (
<collectionCode id="A1B7AE264A1DDB2CFAC8F8C8FAF0C834" box="[1304,1387,1892,1916]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">EOUC</collectionCode>
); 
<date id="B31810234A1DDB2CFA50F8C8FE88C8E8" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" value="2011-04-27">27 April 2011</date>
: 
<specimenCount id="D1A0FD6A4A1DDB2CFECDF82BFEEDC8E8" box="[285,374,1927,1952]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" type="male">5 males</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="D1A0FD6A4A1DDB2CFE51F824FE74C8E8" box="[385,495,1927,1952]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="D1A0FD6A4A1DDB2CFE2AF824FDF9C8D7" box="[506,610,1928,1952]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" type="pupa">13 pupae</specimenCount>
, and 
<specimenCount id="D1A0FD6A4A1DDB2CFD4BF824FD6EC8E8" box="[667,757,1927,1952]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" type="larva">9 larvae</specimenCount>
(80% ethanol) (
<collectionCode id="A1B7AE264A1DDB2CFC78F824FC60C8E8" box="[936,1019,1928,1952]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">EOUC</collectionCode>
); 
<date id="B31810234A1DDB2CFBDDF824FB36C8E8" box="[1037,1197,1927,1952]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" value="2013-04-10">10 April 2013</date>
: 
<specimenCount id="D1A0FD6A4A1DDB2CFB67F824FA9FC8E8" box="[1207,1284,1927,1952]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="D1A0FD6A4A1DDB2CFADFF824FAF1C8D7" box="[1295,1386,1928,1952]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" type="pupa">4 pupae</specimenCount>
, and 
<specimenCount id="D1A0FD6A4A1DDB2CFF47F807FE9CC88C" box="[151,263,1963,1988]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" type="larva">16 larvae</specimenCount>
(80% ethanol) (
<collectionCode id="A1B7AE264A1DDB2CFE06F800FDB2C88C" box="[470,553,1964,1988]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">EOUC</collectionCode>
). 
<collectingCountry id="BFB176734A1DDB2CFD94F807FD0EC88C" box="[580,661,1963,1988]" name="Turkey" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">Turkey</collectingCountry>
, Kütahya Province, Çayca village, Çayca stream, 
<geoCoordinate id="A29250244A1DDB2CFAD1F807FA07C88C" box="[1281,1436,1963,1988]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" precision="1" value="39.42178">39º25’18.4”N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="A29250244A1DDB2CFF47F87CFEA9C8A0" box="[151,306,2000,2024]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" precision="1" value="30.141306">30º08’28.7”E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="005E9B064A1DDB2CFEEFF87CFE1CC8AF" box="[319,391,2000,2024]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.74" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" unit="m" value="974.0">974 m</quantity>
asl, 
<date id="B31810234A1DDB2CFE6EF87CFDC4C8A0" box="[446,607,1999,2024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" value="2011-04-27">27 April 2011</date>
, Ü. D. Şirin: 
<specimenCount id="D1A0FD6A4A1DDB2CFD2BF87CFCF9C8AF" box="[763,866,2000,2024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" type="pupa">18 pupae</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="D1A0FD6A4A1DDB2CFC4CF87CFB9EC8A0" box="[924,1029,1999,2024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" type="larva">24 larvae</specimenCount>
(80% ethanol) (
<collectionCode id="A1B7AE264A1DDB2CFB6FF87CFA8AC8A0" box="[1215,1297,2000,2024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277">EOUC</collectionCode>
), 
<specimenCount id="D1A0FD6A4A1DDB2CFAF5F863FA19C8AF" box="[1317,1410,1999,2024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="277" type="pupa">6 pupae</specimenCount>
, 4 empty cocoons, and 
<specimenCount id="D1A0FD6A4A1CDB2DFE50FF3BFE41CFF8" box="[384,474,151,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="278" type="larva">6 larvae</specimenCount>
(80% ethanol) (
<collectionCode id="A1B7AE264A1CDB2DFD43FF34FD7DCFF8" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33168" box="[659,742,152,176]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33168" name="Clemson University Arthropod Collection" pageId="9" pageNumber="278">CUAC</collectionCode>
), 
<specimenCount id="D1A0FD6A4A1CDB2DFD2AFF34FCCDCFE7" box="[762,854,152,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="278" type="pupa">2 pupae</specimenCount>
, 6 mature larvae (collected in Carnoy’s, transferred to 80% ethanol) (
<collectionCode id="A1B7AE264A1CDB2DFEB5FF10FE22CF9C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33168" box="[357,441,188,212]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33168" name="Clemson University Arthropod Collection" pageId="9" pageNumber="278">CUAC</collectionCode>
). 
<collectingCountry id="BFB176734A1CDB2DFE00FF10FDBACF9D" box="[464,545,188,213]" name="Turkey" pageId="9" pageNumber="278">Turkey</collectingCountry>
, Kütahya Province, Incik village, Incik stream, 
<geoCoordinate id="A29250244A1CDB2DFB86FF10FB69CF9C" box="[1110,1266,188,212]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="278" precision="1" value="39.535778">39º32’08.8”N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="A29250244A1CDB2DFB2DFF10FA03CF9D" box="[1277,1432,188,213]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="278" precision="1" value="30.252111">30º15’07.6”E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="005E9B064A1CDB2DFF47FF4CFF70CFBF" box="[151,235,224,248]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.011" pageId="9" pageNumber="278" unit="m" value="1011.0">1011 m</quantity>
asl, 
<date id="B31810234A1CDB2DFECEFF4CFE26CFB0" box="[286,445,223,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="278" value="2011-04-27">27 April 2011</date>
, Ü. D. Şirin: 
<specimenCount id="D1A0FD6A4A1CDB2DFD82FF4CFD31CFBF" box="[594,682,224,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="278" type="pupa">4 pupae</specimenCount>
(80% ethanol) (
<collectionCode id="A1B7AE264A1CDB2DFC8EFF4CFC29CFB0" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33168" box="[862,946,224,248]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33168" name="Clemson University Arthropod Collection" pageId="9" pageNumber="278">CUAC</collectionCode>
); 
<date id="B31810234A1CDB2DFC16FF4CFBFCCFB0" box="[966,1127,223,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="278" value="2014-04-19">19 April 2014</date>
: 
<specimenCount id="D1A0FD6A4A1CDB2DFBA1FF4CFB52CFBF" box="[1137,1225,224,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="278" type="pupa">4 pupae</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="D1A0FD6A4A1CDB2DFB2FFF4CFAC2CFB0" box="[1279,1369,223,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="278" type="larva">7 larvae</specimenCount>
(80% ethanol) (
<collectionCode id="A1B7AE264A1CDB2DFED2FEA8FECECE54" box="[258,341,260,284]" pageId="9" pageNumber="278">EOUC</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="93D9666B4A1CDB2DFF47FA87FE90CA28" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236448/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="278" targetBox="[150,1436,403,1302]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="C71936E34A1CDB2DFF47FA87FE90CA28" blockId="9.[151,1435,1323,1376]" pageId="9" pageNumber="278">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A1CDB2DFF47FA87FE8ECA08" bold="true" box="[151,277,1323,1345]" pageId="9" pageNumber="278">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
Type locality of 
<taxonomicName id="00A64D604A1CDB2DFE1BFA87FD50CA09" box="[459,715,1323,1345]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Metacnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phrygiensis">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A1CDB2DFE1BFA87FD50CA09" box="[459,715,1323,1345]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="278">Metacnephia phrygiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: Turkey, Kütahya Province, village of Ağaçköy, Çandiraz stream, 21 April 2011.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="C71936E34A1CDB2DFF17FA20FE86C98E" blockId="9.[151,1437,1420,2022]" pageId="9" pageNumber="278">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A1CDB2DFF17FA20FED1CAED" bold="true" box="[199,330,1420,1445]" pageId="9" pageNumber="278">Bionomics.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="00A64D604A1CDB2DFE84FA20FDEBCAED" box="[340,624,1420,1445]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Metacnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phrygiensis">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A1CDB2DFE84FA20FDEBCAED" box="[340,624,1420,1445]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="278">Metacnephia phrygiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found in three streams at elevations of 
<quantity id="005E9B064A1CDB2DFBA0FA20FB65CAED" box="[1136,1278,1420,1445]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.825" metricValueMax="10.11" metricValueMin="9.54" pageId="9" pageNumber="278" unit="m" value="982.5" valueMax="1011.0" valueMin="954.0">954–1011 m</quantity>
asl. Çandiraz stream at the 
<typeStatus id="181D88414A1CDB2DFEE5FA1EFEFECA82" box="[309,357,1458,1482]" pageId="9" pageNumber="278">type</typeStatus>
locality flows through agricultural land and is about 
<quantity id="005E9B064A1CDB2DFC03FA1DFB8DCA81" box="[979,1046,1457,1482]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="278" unit="m" value="1.5">1.5 m</quantity>
wide and 
<quantity id="005E9B064A1CDB2DFB42FA1DFA9FCA81" box="[1170,1284,1457,1482]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="278" unit="cm" value="22.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="20.0">20–25 cm</quantity>
deep, with a gravel and clay bed (
<figureCitation id="5F9D2A664A1CDB2DFE48FA79FE78CAA5" box="[408,483,1493,1518]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1323,1345]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,403,1302]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[150,1437,337,1302]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 8. Type locality of Metacnephia phrygiensis: Turkey, Kütahya Province, village of Ağaçköy, Çandiraz stream, 21 April 2011." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236448/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="278">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). The water temperature on 
<date id="B31810234A1CDB2DFCEDFA79FC7ECAA5" box="[829,997,1493,1518]" pageId="9" pageNumber="278" value="2007-04-11">11 April 2007</date>
was 21 ºC. Flow typically persisted throughout the year, although water levels decreased in the last months of summer and in particularly dry years, such as the summers of 
<date id="B31810234A1CDB2DFE7CF9B1FDC3C97E" box="[428,600,1565,1590]" pageId="9" pageNumber="278" value="2005" valueMax="2006">2005 and 2006</date>
, flow might have ceased altogether. Çayca stream, about 
<quantity id="005E9B064A1CDB2DFB3AF9B1FAA9C97E" box="[1258,1330,1565,1590]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="278" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
from the 
<typeStatus id="181D88414A1CDB2DFF47F9EEFF5CC912" box="[151,199,1602,1626]" pageId="9" pageNumber="278">type</typeStatus>
locality, was similar to Çandiraz stream, whereas Incik stream, about 
<quantity id="005E9B064A1CDB2DFC0BF9EDFBB9C912" box="[987,1058,1601,1626]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="278" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
from the 
<typeStatus id="181D88414A1CDB2DFB41F9EEFB5AC912" box="[1169,1217,1602,1626]" pageId="9" pageNumber="278">type</typeStatus>
locality, was larger and had a sandy bed. All three collection sites were in the Anatolian Conifer and Deciduous Mixed Forests Ecoregion, the same ecoregion inhabited by our previously described species, 
<taxonomicName id="00A64D604A1CDB2DFBC3F925FE82C98E" authority="Adler &amp; Sirin 2015" authorityName="Adler &amp; Sirin" authorityYear="2015" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anatoliense">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A1CDB2DFBC3F925FAB7C9EA" box="[1043,1324,1673,1698]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="278">Prosimulium anatoliense</emphasis>
(Adler &amp; Şirin 2015)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C71936E34A1CDB2DFF17F97DFC6BC8D6" blockId="9.[151,1437,1420,2022]" pageId="9" pageNumber="278">
The selective value of the fenestrated cocoon of 
<taxonomicName id="00A64D604A1CDB2DFD36F97EFC10C9A2" box="[742,907,1745,1770]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Metacnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyrgiensis">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A1CDB2DFD36F97EFC10C9A2" box="[742,907,1745,1770]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="278">M. phyrgiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not known. Openings in the cocoon walls of some black flies produce microflow patterns that aerate the pupal gills, although direct exposure to suspended particles could abrade the gills (
<bibRefCitation id="A3374B124A1CDB2DFDC6F8B5FD26C879" author="Eymann" box="[534,701,1817,1841]" pageId="9" pageNumber="278" refString="Eymann, M. (1991) Flow patterns around cocoons and pupae of black flies of the genus Simulium (Diptera: Simuliidae). Hydrobiologia, 215, 223 - 229. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00764857" type="journal article" year="1991">Eymann 1991</bibRefCitation>
), which would be of particular concern for species with fine, multifilamented gills. The cloudy water or sandy substrates of the streams where 
<taxonomicName id="00A64D604A1CDB2DFB9DF892FB6DC81E" box="[1101,1270,1853,1878]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Metacnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phrygiensis">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A1CDB2DFB9DF892FB6DC81E" box="[1101,1270,1853,1878]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="278">M. phrygiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was collected suggest that the fenestrated cocoon would leave the gill vulnerable to abrasion. Experimental tests of flow patterns and particulate loads of streams in the habitats of 
<taxonomicName id="00A64D604A1CDB2DFD13F82AFCF2C8D6" box="[707,873,1925,1950]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Metacnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phrygiensis">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A1CDB2DFD13F82AFCF2C8D6" box="[707,873,1925,1950]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="278">M. phrygiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are needed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C71936E34A1CDB2EFF17F805FB48CFB0" blockId="9.[151,1437,1420,2022]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,151,1005]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="279" pageId="9" pageNumber="278">
A single generation is produced annually. At the 
<typeStatus id="181D88414A1CDB2DFD39F806FC82C88A" box="[745,793,1962,1986]" pageId="9" pageNumber="278">type</typeStatus>
locality, the species was first found (larvae and pupae) in 
<date id="B31810234A1CDB2DFF47F861FE83C8AD" box="[151,280,1997,2022]" pageId="9" pageNumber="278" value="2000-04">April 2000</date>
. No specimens could be found in April of the following 5 years, but in April of 2007, the species appeared again. Larvae and pupae at the 
<typeStatus id="181D88414A1FDB2EFDB7FF34FD0CCFF8" box="[615,663,152,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="279">type</typeStatus>
locality were collected primarily from trailing vegetation, but at the other two streams, they were collected from stones and trailing vegetation. Associated species at the 
<typeStatus id="181D88414A1FDB2EFAC0FF11FADBCF9D" box="[1296,1344,189,213]" pageId="10" pageNumber="279">type</typeStatus>
locality included the 
<taxonomicName id="00A64D604A1FDB2EFEF7FF73FE6CCFB0" box="[295,503,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="279" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornatum">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A1FDB2EFEF7FF73FE6CCFB0" box="[295,503,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="279">Simulium ornatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex, 
<taxonomicName id="00A64D604A1FDB2EFDBCFF4CFCEDCFB0" authority="Seguy" authorityName="Seguy" box="[620,886,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="279" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudequinum">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A1FDB2EFDBCFF4CFCB1CFB0" box="[620,810,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="279">S. pseudequinum</emphasis>
Séguy
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="00A64D604A1FDB2EFC7FFF4CFB55CFB0" authority="Enderlein" authorityName="Enderlein" box="[943,1230,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="279" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balcanicum">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A1FDB2EFC7FFF4CFBD2CFB0" box="[943,1097,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="279">S. balcanicum</emphasis>
(Enderlein)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C71936E34A1FDB2EFF17FEA8FB1BCE08" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="10" pageNumber="279">
Females and males were collected with an aerial net on 
<date id="B31810234A1FDB2EFCEDFEA8FC41CE54" box="[829,986,260,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="279" value="2007-04-11">11 April 2007</date>
while they were flying beside Çandiraz stream. Females are presumably ornithophilic, based on their well-developed bifid claws.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C71936E34A1FDB2EFF17FEE0FAA8CEE5" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="10" pageNumber="279">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A1FDB2EFF17FEE0FDC1CE2D" bold="true" box="[199,602,332,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="279">Comparisons with related species.</emphasis>
Compared with species sufficiently illustrated in the literature (
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A1FDB2EFAF0FEE0FAA7CE2C" box="[1312,1340,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="279">cf.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A3374B124A1FDB2EFA92FEE0FF62CEC0" author="Adler" pageId="10" pageNumber="279" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">Adler et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
), the hypogynial valves, anal lobes, and genital fork of 
<taxonomicName id="00A64D604A1FDB2EFC41FEDDFBA7CEC0" box="[913,1084,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Metacnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="279" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phrygiensis">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A1FDB2EFC41FEDDFBA7CEC0" box="[913,1084,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="279">M. phrygiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are typical of the genus. The spermatheca resembles that of species with an unpigmented area at the junction of the spermathecal duct.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C71936E34A1FDB2EFF17FE1BFC3FCD75" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="10" pageNumber="279">
The male resembles many of the species of 
<taxonomicName id="00A64D604A1FDB2EFD6FFE1BFCCACE98" box="[703,849,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Metacnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="279" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A1FDB2EFD6FFE1BFCCACE98" box="[703,849,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="279">Metacnephia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, perhaps in part because the genitalic details, often subtle, are not captured in most illustrations. The presence of a dorsal plate in 
<taxonomicName id="00A64D604A1FDB2EFC29FE71FB04CEBD" box="[1017,1183,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Metacnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="279" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phrygiensis">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A1FDB2EFC29FE71FB04CEBD" box="[1017,1183,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="279">M. phrygiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which previously had not been illustrated or mentioned in descriptions of species in the genus, might not be unique. Rather, the apparent novelty might be an artifact, having been overlooked in other species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C71936E34A1FDB2EFF17FDEBFE81CDB8" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="10" pageNumber="279">
The pupa and cocoon are among the most structurally distinct in the genus. The fenestrated cocoon of 
<taxonomicName id="00A64D604A1FDB2EFAADFDE5FE83CDCD" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Metacnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="279" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phrygiensis">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A1FDB2EFAADFDE5FE83CDCD" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="279">M. phrygiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unique among known species of the genus. The elongated, low profile of the cocoon resembles the unfenestrated cocoon of 
<taxonomicName id="00A64D604A1FDB2EFE7CFD3DFDA3CDE0" box="[428,568,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Metacnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="279" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amphora">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A1FDB2EFE7CFD3DFDA3CDE0" box="[428,568,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="279">M. amphora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A1FDB2EFD98FD3CFDFFCDE0" box="[584,612,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="279">cf.</emphasis>
fig. 19D of 
<bibRefCitation id="A3374B124A1FDB2EFD20FD3CFCF3CDE0" author="Bass" box="[752,872,656,680]" pageId="10" pageNumber="279" refString="Bass, J. (1998) Last-instar larvae and pupae of the Simuliidae of Britain and Ireland: a key with brief ecological notes. Freshwater Biological Association Scientific Publication, 55, 1 - 102." type="journal article" year="1998">Bass 1998</bibRefCitation>
). The pupal gill also is unique in bearing a pair of filaments, each single or bifurcated in the middle group, which are thicker than all other filaments in the gill (arrow in 
<figureCitation id="5F9D2A664A1FDB2EFF64FD7BFF6ECDB8" box="[180,245,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1781,1803]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,312,1751]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,301,1760]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of female claw and pupal surface of Metacnephia phrygiensis. A. Bifid claw of hind leg of female (lateral view). B. Head of female pupa (anterior view). C. Pupal thorax (dorsal view), showing microtubercles and 3 pairs of trichomes (1 pair broken but bases evident); ecdysial line runs longitudinally down center. D. Pupal gill (lateral view, right side); arrows indicates two thickest pairs of filament branches. E. Pupal segments VI-IX, showing spine combs (dorsal view). F. Spine comb, right side of segment V (dorsal view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236443/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="279">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
D).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C71936E34A1FDB2EFF17FD50FE70CCC8" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="10" pageNumber="279">
The larva of 
<taxonomicName id="00A64D604A1FDB2EFE87FD51FE65CC5D" box="[343,510,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Metacnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="279" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phrygiensis">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A1FDB2EFE87FD51FE65CC5D" box="[343,510,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="279">M. phrygiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles that of 
<taxonomicName id="00A64D604A1FDB2EFD1CFD51FCCDCC5D" box="[716,854,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Metacnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="279" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amphora">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A1FDB2EFD1CFD51FCCDCC5D" box="[716,854,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="279">M. amphora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="00A64D604A1FDB2EFC5DFD51FAEBCC5D" authority="Rivosecchi, Raastad &amp; Contini" authorityName="Rivosecchi, Raastad &amp; Contini" box="[909,1392,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Metacnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="279" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nuragica">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A1FDB2EFC5DFD51FB83CC5C" box="[909,1048,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="279">M. nuragica</emphasis>
Rivosecchi, Raastad &amp; Contini
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A1FDB2EFA51FD50FA0ECC5C" box="[1409,1429,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="279">cf</emphasis>
. fig. 42.6 of 
<bibRefCitation id="A3374B124A1FDB2EFECBFCB3FE42CC70" author="Rivosecchi" box="[283,473,799,824]" pageId="10" pageNumber="279" refString="Rivosecchi, L. (1978) Simuliidae: Diptera Nematocera. Fauna d'Italia, 13, 1 - 533." type="journal article" year="1978">Rivosecchi 1978</bibRefCitation>
), based on the amphora-like shape (i.e., markedly narrowed anterior extension) of the postgenal cleft. It can be distinguished from these species and all others by the unique configuration of the filaments in the gill histoblast.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C71936E34A1FDB2EFF17FC20FB90CCA4" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="10" pageNumber="279">
Of the chromosomally known species of 
<taxonomicName id="00A64D604A1FDB2EFD46FC20FCB3CCED" box="[662,808,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Metacnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="279" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A1FDB2EFD46FC20FCB3CCED" box="[662,808,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="279">Metacnephia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="00A64D604A1FDB2EFCE7FC21FC59CCED" box="[823,962,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Metacnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="279" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amphora">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A1FDB2EFCE7FC21FC59CCED" box="[823,962,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="279">M. amphora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most similar to 
<taxonomicName id="00A64D604A1FDB2EFB44FC21FAA0CCED" box="[1172,1339,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Metacnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="279" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phrygiensis">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A1FDB2EFB44FC21FAA0CCED" box="[1172,1339,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="279">M. phrygiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, sharing 
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A1FDB2EFF47FC1CFF54CC80" box="[151,207,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="279">IIS-2</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A1FDB2EFEDEFC03FEDCCC80" box="[270,327,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="279">IIL-6</emphasis>
, which are widely shared among most investigated members of the genus, and 
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A1FDB2EFB2BFC03FAA6CC80" box="[1275,1341,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="279">IIIL-6</emphasis>
, which, though fixed in 
<taxonomicName id="00A64D604A1FDB2EFE99FC79FE74CCA5" box="[329,495,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Metacnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="279" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phrygiensis">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A1FDB2EFE99FC79FE74CCA5" box="[329,495,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="279">M. phrygiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is an autosomal polymorphism in 
<taxonomicName id="00A64D604A1FDB2EFCAAFC79FB9FCCA5" box="[890,1028,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Metacnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="279" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amphora">
<emphasis id="F5D2EAF14A1FDB2EFCAAFC79FB9FCCA5" box="[890,1028,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="279">M. amphora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>