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<mods:title id="8F323349062857487A58FF6E9F3DFD88">Taxonomic review of the planthopper genus Orthopagus (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Dictyopharidae), with descriptions of two new species</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="3AE2E2799E8F74AB000D4168826B71EC" ID-CoL="6SWPS" authority="Uhler, 1897" authorityName="Uhler" authorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Orthopagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthopagus lunulifer" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="374" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lunulifer">Orthopagus lunulifer Uhler, 1897</taxonomicName>
Figs 1A, 2G,H, 3D, 8 
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<taxonomicName id="E7A4858603D75BDC4C28063FFE584392" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Orthopagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthopagus lunulifer" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="375" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lunulifer">
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lunulifer
</taxonomicName>
Uhler, 1897: 279. Lectotype (designated by 
<bibRefCitation id="DD3638DD5426A69D1A6A5374DA5E0EBC" author="Liang, AP" journalOrPublisher="Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" pagination="45 - 50" title="Lectotype designations and taxonomic notes on P. R. Uhler's Japanese Fulgoroidea (Homoptera) in the U. S. National Museum of Natural History." volume="2" year="1996">Liang 1996</bibRefCitation>
: 47): male, Gifu, Japan (USNM, examined).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="85411693E9324FEE6C55A8CD56827C44" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">
<taxonomicName id="DDE559EF0E72A031067E59616E98F4F0" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Orthopagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthopagus splendens" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="375" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendens">Orthopagus splendens</taxonomicName>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="CE5A73780AB3B30396F19D4341CC2B49" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">Matsumura 1905a</bibRefCitation>
: 61, Pl. 21, fig. 14; 
<bibRefCitation id="CA010DD1C041BCD28AE953A4C2419B36" author="Matsumura, S" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Sapporo Natural History Society" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" pagination="15 - 38" title="Die Hemipterenfauna von Riukiu (Okinawa)." volume="1" year="1905 b">Matsumura 1905b</bibRefCitation>
: 19; nec 
<bibRefCitation id="472ACEAD6F36923D1DB87FAB7C6A9CAD" author="Germar, EF" journalOrPublisher="Thon's Entomologisches Archiv" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" pagination="1 - 57" title="Species Cicadarium enumeratae et sub genera distributae." volume="2" year="1830">Germar 1830</bibRefCitation>
: 48.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D7A0CD046D9A77CE16C9B04F0BE83DD" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">
<taxonomicName id="1F35F33F41CA26CBD3260BEA4320B91A" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Orthopagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthopagus helios" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="375" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helios">Orthopagus helios</taxonomicName>
Melichar, 1912: 60. Lectotype (here designated): female, Ku Sia, Taiwan, China (MMBC, examined). Syn. n.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="50A3B0BFB37D01E09E9BB27290286CDC" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">
<taxonomicName id="C55A421438DB9FE0391E09E5B351EF28" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Orthopagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthopagus helios var. diffusus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="375" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="helios" variety="diffusus">Orthopagus helios var. diffusus</taxonomicName>
Melichar, 1912: 61. Lectotype (here designated), female, Taihanroku, Taiwan, China (HNHM, examined). Synonymized under 
<taxonomicName id="9495B9B804EBB47B7AF4E347B24A71EA" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Orthopagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthopagus helios" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="375" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helios">Orthopagus helios</taxonomicName>
Melichar by 
<bibRefCitation id="131B6D48CCB7A5D1671CC4F89AF2DE9E" author="Schumacher, F" journalOrPublisher="Supplementa Entomologica" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" pagination="108 - 142" title="Homoptera in H. Sauter's Formosa-Ausbeute." volume="4" year="1915">Schumacher (1915)</bibRefCitation>
: 130.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AF0A8B77B54D2D014238EF4200A03349" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">
<taxonomicName id="4FD74166C424A66E9F34B41C0232463D" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Orthopagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthopagus elegans" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="375" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">Orthopagus elegans</taxonomicName>
Melichar, 1912: 61. Lectotype (here designated), female, Taihanroku, Taiwan, China (MMBC, examined). Synonymized under 
<taxonomicName id="AA3FF3D22F05DAD25DCE3CDF40120AD1" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Orthopagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthopagus helios" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="375" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helios">Orthopagus helios</taxonomicName>
Melichar by 
<bibRefCitation id="B555E4B725C3772A464DA973283A9057" author="Schumacher, F" journalOrPublisher="Supplementa Entomologica" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" pagination="108 - 142" title="Homoptera in H. Sauter's Formosa-Ausbeute." volume="4" year="1915">Schumacher 1915</bibRefCitation>
: 130.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8D3890AD672D6E9EFC5A0CC7FF4B42F8" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">
<taxonomicName id="06866CD3528EA15AEEDBADDB4F057496" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Orthopagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthopagus lunulifer" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="375" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lunulifer">Orthopagus lunulifer</taxonomicName>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="8EB0B02A1FBB2519E4C47FAF02D71685" author="Melichar, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" pagination="1 - 221" title="Monographie der Dictyophorinen (Homoptera). Abhandlungen der K. K." volume="7" year="1912">Melichar 1912</bibRefCitation>
: 60; 
<bibRefCitation id="BC0658B36CF35A4A4E56EAA0E1369A4A" author="Liang, AP" journalOrPublisher="Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" pagination="45 - 50" title="Lectotype designations and taxonomic notes on P. R. Uhler's Japanese Fulgoroidea (Homoptera) in the U. S. National Museum of Natural History." volume="2" year="1996">Liang 1996</bibRefCitation>
: 47, fig. 4; 
<bibRefCitation id="CE00F3E83A059D9CB3ACB11A7D59AA1E" author="Song, ZS" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="13" pageNumber="382" pagination="33 - 87" title="Phylogenetic analysis of the Oriental genera of Orthopagini, 1983 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Dictyopharidae: Dictyopharinae), with a systematic revision of the genus Centromeria Stal, 1870." volume="178" year="2016 d">Song et al. 2016d</bibRefCitation>
: 36-39, figs 3I, 4 
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, 5 
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, 6 
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; 
<bibRefCitation id="40212F07BC1E49817AF685CE93D3C2C2" author="Song, ZS" journalOrPublisher="Supplementa Entomologica" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" url="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12293" year="2018">Song et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
: figs 5 
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, 
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, 6 
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.
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<paragraph id="E53D40D26A17129DD9CDC39609B38AE3" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">Type material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3E0EA641A12DAB2C3CE49C6D61310E3D" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">
<taxonomicName id="8C1D495AA00755E8545681C54BAD77D6" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Orthopagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthopagus lunulifer" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="375" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lunulifer">Orthopagus lunulifer</taxonomicName>
: Lectotype, male, (1) 25,18,0., Gifu, male; (2) Type, No. 3123, U.S.N.M. [red label]; (3) Cotype No. U.S.N.M. [red label] (USNM). Paralectotypes: 1 male, (1) 25,18,0., Gifu, male; (2) Type, No. 3123, U.S.N.M. [red label]; (3) Cotype No. U.S.N.M. [red label]; 1 male, 1 female, (1) 25,8,0., Gifu; (2) Type, No. 3123, U.S.N.M. [red label]; (3) Cotype No. U.S.N.M. [red label]; 1 female, (1) 20,4,27., Gifu; (2) Type, No. 3123, U.S.N.M. [red label]; (3) Cotype No. U.S.N.M. [red label]; (4) 
<taxonomicName id="354CBF708B3FCDC30AEB02E9A6614E80" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Orthopagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthopagus lunulifer" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="375" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lunulifer">Orthopagus lunulifer</taxonomicName>
Uhler [
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handwriting]; (5) 1164 [
<normalizedToken id="C6569827C75622AFCE7C84A1887AB7C3" originalValue="Uhler’s">Uhler's</normalizedToken>
handwriting] (all USNM).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F7558E1010EBF524462D696FCD96828A" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">
<taxonomicName id="AF6AF1328CA51A5F5E772F158A84EBEF" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Orthopagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthopagus helios" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="375" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helios">Orthopagus helios</taxonomicName>
: Lectotype (here designated), female, (1) Formosa, Ku Sia [handwriting, yellow label]; (2) 
<taxonomicName id="7503407B14AF084398B74F99507CA743" genus="Fulgoromorpha" lsidName="Fulgoromorpha helios" pageId="6" pageNumber="375" rank="species" species="helios">helios</taxonomicName>
Mel. [
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handwriting], det. Melichar; (3) Typus [dark red label]; (4) Transcriptio, 
<taxonomicName id="7FCDF9F62C6C07DB2032D1A946641A43" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Orthopagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthopagus helios" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="375" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helios">Orthopagus helios</taxonomicName>
sp.n. female [P. 
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handwriting], L. Melichar det 1912; (5) Collectio Dr. L. Melichar, 
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museum Brno; (6) Syn-typus [red label]; (7) Invent. 
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. 4947/Ent., Mor. muzeum, Brno; (8) Lectotypus female, 
<taxonomicName id="2776D780433870808C149FAAEB681ECE" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Orthopagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthopagus helios" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="375" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helios">Orthopagus helios</taxonomicName>
Melichar, 1912, designated by Z. S. Song &amp; I. 
<normalizedToken id="F8CACEFE2552BB15DB8C615CBE47B17B" originalValue="Malenovský">Malenovsky</normalizedToken>
, 2018 [newly added red label] (MMBC). Paralectotypes, 2 females, (1) Formosa, Ku Sia [handwriting, yellow label]; (2) Paralectotypus female, 
<taxonomicName id="1FF955401A7C1B5E8BDDAE1832053E99" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Orthopagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthopagus helios" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="375" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helios">Orthopagus helios</taxonomicName>
Melichar, 1912, designated by Z. S. Song &amp; I. 
<normalizedToken id="EDAA71BF461F165E5D6E7AD56436FB04" originalValue="Malenovský">Malenovsky</normalizedToken>
, 2018 [newly added red label] (SNSD).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7AC66E0911EA8BC2DD99C92062578D35" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">
<taxonomicName id="34F5FC072256DC0058306986CE17544B" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Orthopagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthopagus helios var. diffusus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="375" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="helios" variety="diffusus">Orthopagus helios var. diffusus</taxonomicName>
: Lectotype (here designated), male, (1) Formosa, Sauter; (2) Taihanroku, 908.; (3) v. 
<taxonomicName id="9EC6F397B86D3DD191D6C6F248A0EC5E" genus="Fulgoromorpha" lsidName="Fulgoromorpha var. diffusus" pageId="6" pageNumber="375" rank="variety" variety="diffusus">diffusus</taxonomicName>
M. [handwriting, underlined with red], det. Melichar; (4) typus [label with red frame]; (5) Hung. Nat. Hist. Museum Budapest, coll. 
<taxonomicName id="811322A4A9B97858182FE4215ADA0790" lsidName="Fulgoromorpha" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="375" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
[yellow label] (6) Lectotypus male, 
<taxonomicName id="0FF15FC09AB02C8403A848C0A65F3BAB" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Orthopagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthopagus helios var. diffusus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="375" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="helios" variety="diffusus">Orthopagus helios var. diffusus</taxonomicName>
Melichar, 1912, designated by I. 
<normalizedToken id="980FF41B235DA4E4A9554A35F9888325" originalValue="Malenovský">Malenovsky</normalizedToken>
in 
<bibRefCitation id="E5A321945C7C1C659BF39AA8E41CA22A" author="Song, ZS" journalOrPublisher="Supplementa Entomologica" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" url="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12293" year="2018">Song et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
[newly added red label] (HNHM). Paralectotype, male, (1) Formosa, Sauter; (2) Kosempo, 908.; (3) v. 
<taxonomicName id="1D7D9B76F4A8B43B7288430BC1D350E0" genus="Fulgoromorpha" lsidName="Fulgoromorpha var. diffusus" pageId="6" pageNumber="375" rank="variety" variety="diffusus">diffusus</taxonomicName>
M. [handwriting, underlined with red], det. Melichar; (4) typus [label with red frame and a hindwing glued to it]; (5) Hung. Nat. Hist. Museum Budapest, coll. 
<taxonomicName id="7A034B8645311B8E8677C49DB80CE85F" lsidName="Fulgoromorpha" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="375" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
[yellow label] (6) Paralectotypus male, 
<taxonomicName id="65EBBBD27A624B1CA0E9FB98CB4FD4EB" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Orthopagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthopagus helios var. diffusus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="375" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="helios" variety="diffusus">Orthopagus helios var. diffusus</taxonomicName>
Melichar, 1912, designated by I. 
<normalizedToken id="8C63D99A2BC75AD41E9599740DC122C5" originalValue="Malenovský">Malenovsky</normalizedToken>
in 
<bibRefCitation id="ACB3896AB93F839C4E689AB5D43E5165" author="Song, ZS" journalOrPublisher="Supplementa Entomologica" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" url="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12293" year="2018">Song et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
[newly added red label] (HNHM, abdomen detached and glued to a separate label attached to the same pin).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE0DF64FDE0493D19701351F807AFFAD" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="376" pageId="6" pageNumber="375">
<taxonomicName id="7CCAE0DF0E34D38F58D766C531CA5BCB" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Orthopagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthopagus elegans" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="375" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">Orthopagus elegans</taxonomicName>
: Lectotype (here designated), female, (1) Formosa, Sauter; (2) Taihanroku, 908.; (3) elegantulus [
<normalizedToken id="C3C44CAF9E01744FB16FFF9C0AC62A57" originalValue="Melichar’s">Melichar's</normalizedToken>
handwriting], det. Melichar.; (4) Typus [dark red label]; (5) Collectio Dr. L. Melichar, 
<pageBreakToken id="5D41E914EB888484A08CE8C24AE4E7BF" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" start="start">
<normalizedToken id="448450B3BD2BC459BBCD8341A2CE676A" originalValue="Moravské">Moravske</normalizedToken>
</pageBreakToken>
museum Brno; (6) 
<taxonomicName id="E266479F9DB15926B2221B755E3F429B" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Orthopagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthopagus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orthopagus</taxonomicName>
female 
<taxonomicName id="E715F508C14779F985FB8CABAD9CD945" genus="Fulgoromorpha" lsidName="Fulgoromorpha elegans" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" rank="species" species="elegans">elegans</taxonomicName>
sp. n. female, L. Melichar det. 1912 [
<normalizedToken id="2F50A321905EE351A31010C1C1A4F645" originalValue="Lauterer’s">Lauterer's</normalizedToken>
handwriting], P. 
<normalizedToken id="A1FDA517ADFE25E8E4143D46A254E881" originalValue="Lauterer’s">Lauterer's</normalizedToken>
det. 1991; (7) Syn-typus [red label]; (8) Invent. 
<normalizedToken id="20F1E619D40085A1564D0F8EEA3F09A6" originalValue="č">c</normalizedToken>
. 4948/Ent., Mor. muzeum, Brno; (9) Lectotypus female, 
<taxonomicName id="18667B0B5B005162443D88C83EA2C39D" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Orthopagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthopagus elegans" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">Orthopagus elegans</taxonomicName>
Melichar, 1912, designated by Z. S. Song &amp; I. 
<normalizedToken id="7839291C4E0CE3D0B70AC772EA904AD4" originalValue="Malenovský">Malenovsky</normalizedToken>
, 2018 [newly added red label] (MMBC). Paralectotype, female, (1) Formosa, Sauter; (2) Taihanroku, 908.; (3) 
<taxonomicName id="D56B715BAC3C6D35469CA5A7C378F401" genus="Fulgoromorpha" lsidName="Fulgoromorpha elegans" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" rank="species" species="elegans">elegans</taxonomicName>
M. [handwriting, underlined with red], det. Melichar; (4) typus [label with red frame]; (5) Hung. Nat. Hist. Museum Budapest, coll. 
<taxonomicName id="22729E201A6DD5976BF68890D669D70E" lsidName="Fulgoromorpha" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
[yellow label] (6) Paralectotypus female, 
<taxonomicName id="4E9A72BBFDE43F3B57BFEA772A5931EC" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Orthopagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthopagus elegans" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">Orthopagus elegans</taxonomicName>
Melichar, 1912, designated by I. 
<normalizedToken id="453EFCD06A805024CDDFDD3B69119E63" originalValue="Malenovský">Malenovsky</normalizedToken>
in 
<bibRefCitation id="15E2D141EC51CDE905D4261556763CA7" author="Song, ZS" journalOrPublisher="Supplementa Entomologica" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" url="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12293" year="2018">Song et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
[newly added red label] (HNHM).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BA669FCDA25AD2F7C951C1D4F1711B39" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="7B639F3794D4AE4FCDE6C0DA5CA841CD" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">Other material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CF4DFECBAC4CA5E6A89FCF04FAD9C882" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">
JAPAN: Honshu island: 1 female, Tokyo, Matsumura leg. (IZCAS); 1 male, Kamakura, ix.1913, F. Muir leg. (BPBM); 1 female, Mie prefecture, Matagari lke, 24.x.1989, C. W. 
<normalizedToken id="9A1E40337F603BA9BB30B1AD916F4C97" originalValue="O’Brien">O'Brien</normalizedToken>
&amp; L. B. 
<normalizedToken id="6BAB2C644022C15F41E2A7E2EFD30A49" originalValue="O’Brien">O'Brien</normalizedToken>
leg. (LBOB). CHINA: Beijing municipality: 1 female, Peiping; 9 males, 15 females, Peiping, 9., 10. and 21.vii.1938, 4., 13., 15. and 28.viii.1938, 11., 16., 19., and 24.ix.1938, T. P. Chang leg.; 1 male, 1 female, Juyongguan, 250-280 m, 3. and 6.viii.1961, S. Y. Wang &amp; X. Z. Zhang leg.; 1 male, 1 female, Zhongguancun, 4.ix.1962, S. Y. Wang leg.; 3 males, 2 females, Shisanling, 12.ix.1962, R. Z. Xie leg. (all IZCAS); 2 males, 2 females, Changping, 8.vii.2007, Z. S. Song leg. (JSSNU); Tianjin municipality: Jixian, 4.ix.1988, K. H. Zhang leg. (IZCAS); Shandong province: 2 males, 1 female, Tsingtao [
<normalizedToken id="AC078E29E77B2AECB398190FCB5B04BC" originalValue="Musée">Musee</normalizedToken>
Heude]; 1 male, Laoshan, 800 m [
<normalizedToken id="F8E48ED34CFD449CB80F4B29EA76A689" originalValue="Musée">Musee</normalizedToken>
Heude] (all IZCAS); Henan province: 1 male, 1 female, Henan, 8.viii.2013, D. J. Zhang (JSSNU); Anhui province: 2 males, Huang Mountain, 6.viii.1936 (IZCAS); Shangai municipality: 1 male, 1 female, 27.vii.1932, O. Piel leg. [
<normalizedToken id="750216FBCE119BE58A2A35534A84AD69" originalValue="Musée">Musee</normalizedToken>
Heude] (IZCAS); Zhejiang province: 18 males, 10 females, 
<normalizedToken id="8F0544274DBB84CA668B55B1584C3DFF" originalValue="T’ienmo">T'ienmo</normalizedToken>
Shan, 22-28.viii.1936; 2 females, Hangzhou, 24. and 25.viii.1942; 8 males, 8 females, Chusan, 7., 8., 10., 18., 20., 28. and 29.viii.1931, O. Piel leg. [
<normalizedToken id="3251D8C923EEB3F61D44B7F5BBE2A2D6" originalValue="Musée">Musee</normalizedToken>
Heude] (all IZCAS); 1♀, Fujian province: 1 female, Jianyang, Chengguan, 90-120 m, 12.viii.1960, Y. R. Zhang leg.; 1 male, 1 female, Chongan, Xingcun, Sangang, 740 m, 12. and 20.viii.1960, Y. Zuo &amp; C. L. Ma leg.; 1 male, 2 females, Jiangle, Longqishan, 500-700 m, 12., 13. and 19.viii.1991, S. M. Song leg. (all IZCAS); Hunan province: 1 female, Hoeng-Shan, 900 m, 1933, H. 
<normalizedToken id="1A4A7EFFA5F7A492432CC288FCF7BE6F" originalValue="Höne">Hoene</normalizedToken>
leg. (MFNB); Guizhou province: 1 female, Libo, 21.viii.2000, F. M. Shi leg. (IZCAS); Sichuan province: 5 males, 3 females, Emei Mountain, Baoguosi, 550-750 m, 7., 9., 10. and 14.ix.1957, F. X. Zhu &amp; Z. Y. Wang leg. (IZCAS); Tibet (Xizang) autonomous region: 1 female, Chayu, Xiachayu, 1900 m, 21.viii.2005, Z. S. Song leg. (IZCAS); Guangxi autonomous region: 4 males, 5 females, Guilin, Yanshan, 2., 7. and 23.viii.1952, 20., 22. and 24.vii.1953; 2 females, Pingxiang, 12. and 16.vi.1976, B. L. Zhang leg.; 5 males, 5 females, Nandan, Luofu, 350 m, 27.vii.2006, J. Liu leg. (all IZCAS); 2 males, 2 females, Guangnan, Bamei, Shiw. Taoyuan, 
<geoCoordinate id="96CF496E237767115774F69FBC060FE9" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="24.314165">24°18'51&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="88F89ECFF34B548340CBB927B75B64F5" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="105.03555">105°02'08&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 811 m, 12.viii.2012, D. 
<normalizedToken id="15D6136D95CADE4411751E1BD03AA4CD" originalValue="Rédei">Redei</normalizedToken>
leg.; 2 males, same but 
<geoCoordinate id="B83944D81187D65FB16B6A5E78227102" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="24.31889">24°19'08&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="57DD4D2B54842CA04047669B5F522F1D" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="105.049164">105°02'57&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 891 m; 1 male 1 female, same but 
<geoCoordinate id="EA434B35D77B6D9A6C2C0B92028CA46F" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="24.319723">24°19'11&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="BFF67A7ED731B6C17E0E82212D172AA5" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="105.03028">105°01'49&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 834 m, 13.viii.2012 (all HNHM); Yunnan province: 1 male, 5 females, Hekou, 80 m, 5. and 7.vi.1956, K. R. Huang leg.; 3 females, Hekou, Nanxi, 200 m, 8. and 12.vi.1956, K. R. Huang leg.; 1 male, 1 female, Pingbian, 1400 m, 15.vi.1956, K. R. Huang leg. (all IZCAS); Taiwan: 1 male, Tainan, Formasa, vi.1912, H. Sauter, 
<taxonomicName id="C14829E81AE59F26F295B6806FA63024" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Orthopagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthopagus helios" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helios">Orthopagus helios</taxonomicName>
Mel. F. Schumacher det. [
<normalizedToken id="A2E22039CAB6DDC4A951CE1E15E11B39" originalValue="Schumacher’s">Schumacher's</normalizedToken>
handwriting] (SDEI); 2 males, 1 female, Taihanroku, vii. and 10.xi, H. Sauter leg. (MFNB); 1 male, 1 female, same data (MZPW); 5 males, 2 females, Taihanroku, 1908, Sauter leg. (HNHM); 1 male, 1 female, Hoozan, 10.vii. and 10.ix., H. Sauter leg. (MFNB); 1 female, Kotobuki, 11.vi.1935, (IZCAS); 2 females, Tainan county, ca. 350 m, 2-3 km S Kwantzuling, bamboo, shrub, 26-28.vi.1980, D. R. Davis leg. (USNM); 1 female, Chi Pen, 10.vi.1997, B. Herczig &amp; L. Ronkay leg. (HNHM). VIETNAM: 1 female, &quot;Indo China&quot;, R. V. de Salvaza leg. (BMNH); 1 female, Chapa [= Sa Pa], v.-vi.1916, R. V. de Salvaza leg. (BMNH); 2 males, 1 female, Hoa Binh, vii.1939, A. de Cooma leg.; 5 males, 2 females Hoa Binh; 1 male, 1 female, Hoa Binh, Thanh-ha district, 12. and 13.vi.1966, R. Bielawski &amp; B. Pisarski leg.; 2 males, 1 female, Hanoi, 24.vi.1959, B. Pisarski &amp; J. 
<normalizedToken id="0A5BDB428D8E946EEE664184F66F10D6" originalValue="Prószyński">Proszynski</normalizedToken>
leg.; 4 males, 2 females Ninh Binh, Cuc Phuong, 5., 7. and 8.vi.1966, R. Bielawski &amp; B. Pisarski leg.; 1 female, Nghe An district, Phu Quy, 17.vi.1959, B. Pisarski &amp; J. 
<normalizedToken id="87AB393B631315637265BDD4B2A824A1" originalValue="Prószyński">Proszynski</normalizedToken>
leg. (all MZPW); 1 female, Cuc Phuong, 400 m, at light, 17.x.1986, 
<normalizedToken id="2909CFB0B12B547F69A0AACAA2EC0EF8" originalValue="Vásárhelyi">Vasarhelyi</normalizedToken>
leg. (HNHM). LAOS: 1 male, Borikhane Prov., Pakkading, 31.vii.1965, native collector leg. (BPBM). INDIA: Assam: 2 males, Chabua, 10.x.1943, D. E. Hardy leg. (USNM); 1 female, Tocklai, light trap, ix.1983, 943/6, C.I.E.A. 15663 (BMNH). NEPAL: 1 male, Chitwan National Park, Island Jungle reserve, 29-30.x.1995, L. Peregovits leg. (HNHM).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8381F37463BB748907E405C557862999" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="377" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" type="redescription">
<paragraph id="9737E33FF2B872710A2207E6264516E4" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">Redescription.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4AB252402BB67D7DD25445834A5753F5" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">Measurements (10 males, 9 females). Body length (from apex of head to tip of forewings): male 11.7-13.4 mm, female 13.0-14.9 mm; head length (from apex of cephalic process to base of eyes): male 1.33-1.50 mm, female 1.50-1.65 mm; head width (including eyes): male 1.30-1.60 mm, female 1.48-1.75 mm; forewing length: male 9.4-10.8 mm, female 10.2-11.9 mm.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="54A7CCD0A540ABD975C5D6B816DFC5C0" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">
Coloration. General coloration as in generic description (Figs 1A, 2 
<normalizedToken id="ED7EB00C0305B66C55375694089054E3" originalValue="G–H">G-H</normalizedToken>
). Vertex dark brown with five light ochraceous streaks: along median carina in anterior third (in some specimens, the whole median carina is light), along each lateral carina subapically and along each lateral carina basally, the latter streaks being sickle-shaped and curved to median carina at the base (Fig. 8A). Frons light ochraceous with small dark brown spots along intermediate and lateral carinae, frons base slightly infuscated (Fig. 8C). Forewing membrane pattern as in Fig. 3D. Hind wing membrane with a dark brown streak along the apical portion of CuA1 vein, extending along hind wing apical margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F8B1F8AD50F3E1C8E8F7EA2DB201D04E" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="377" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">
Structure. Head with cephalic process moderately long, not inflated (Figs 8 
<normalizedToken id="2BCFE7E918E8DFE510A8F1AE7CD73D45" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
). Vertex (Fig. 8A) with ratio of length at midline to width between eyes 1.6-2.0. Transition of vertex to frons relatively sharp, almost angular 
<pageBreakToken id="E0BD0FB983BCAA19B2C57DE19FF50B57" pageId="8" pageNumber="377" start="start">in</pageBreakToken>
lateral view (Fig. 8B). Frons relatively narrow, with ratio of length at midline to maximum width 2.6-3.0.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6E20D509CBF86932E7A416AB747C9DE7" pageId="8" pageNumber="377">
Male genitalia. Pygofer, in lateral view (Fig. 8E), with dorso-posterior margin produced into a short and broad lobe; in ventral view (Fig. 8F) much longer than in dorsal view (Fig. 8D) with ratio of ventral to dorsal length about 4.0. Gonostyles (Fig. 8 
<normalizedToken id="9DD4E7CAE9E080503DA301D1583482C2" originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
) large, broad medially, with dorsal margin weakly sinuate. Aedeagus (Fig. 8 
<normalizedToken id="103C8436AA30BDCEA587EC77F97D20A4" originalValue="G–I">G-I</normalizedToken>
) with endosomal processes extended posteriad and strongly curved dorso-anteriad, relatively short, their apices not reaching the base of phallobase; phallobase with one pair of large, strongly inflated dorsolateral lobes (Fig. 8H), their apices blunt, and one pair of small, thumb-like ventral lobes, directed posteriad (Fig. 8I). Segment X, in lateral view, narrow basally, widening to apex beyond middle, apex subacute (Fig. 8E); in dorsal view, relatively short and broad in dorsal view, widest medially, with ratio of length to maximum width 1.2-1.3 (Fig. 8D).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B3491D2CD67E938EBE10AF930BB80A08" pageId="8" pageNumber="377">Female genitalia as in generic description.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="871D42BFE387D0CA4D1359DCEB6C716B" pageId="8" pageNumber="377" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="62F4203F8C82343445FA46E0AD989C1A" pageId="8" pageNumber="377">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC3F6824DBC1F3D9BA2534A895844A27" pageId="8" pageNumber="377">Widely distributed in tropical, subtropical and temperate eastern Asia (Japan, China, Korea, Vietnam, Laos, northeastern India and Nepal).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CAC8743CF715471D3DFF764BB0259968" pageId="8" pageNumber="377" type="ecology">
<paragraph id="ECA0E54DDE4655D3FA1E111320EA8833" pageId="8" pageNumber="377">Ecology and economic importance.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18ACABF9FE7560DC7B7FA75E7BF1DE18" pageId="8" pageNumber="377">
Adult 
<taxonomicName id="90D753E29B5B8D4853EC2A4E4E9603AC" lsidName="O. lunulifer" pageId="8" pageNumber="377" rank="species" species="lunulifer">O. lunulifer</taxonomicName>
was reported as a minor pest of leaves of 
<taxonomicName id="72AB4A90021B206F718ADC1BDFE532CA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Morus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Morus alba" order="Rosales" pageId="8" pageNumber="377" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alba">Morus alba</taxonomicName>
L. (
<bibRefCitation id="9421405E6BF296CAA6FAD9F6AC5362F6" author="Pu, GQ" journalOrPublisher="Jiangsu Sericulture" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" pagination="7 - 12" title="A list of mulberry pests in Jiangsu Province (continued)." volume="2" year="2012">Pu and Mao 2012</bibRefCitation>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="D7EDAE6F3B5481D1F5163C63E2BD4E72" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Theaceae" genus="Camellia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Camellia oleifera" order="Ericales" pageId="8" pageNumber="377" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oleifera">Camellia oleifera</taxonomicName>
Abel in southeastern China (
<bibRefCitation id="C2563CD735B029C3FBBF6DBE28E29F63" author="Zhao, DY" journalOrPublisher="Budapest" pageId="13" pageNumber="382" url="https://doi.org/10.16768/j.issn.1004-874x.2013.12.037" year="2013">Zhao et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="65E5FEFF4D9B70A70A179C478E617E61" author="Matsumura, S" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Sapporo Natural History Society" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.35666" year="1910">Matsumura (1910)</bibRefCitation>
listed &quot; 
<taxonomicName id="4D1C2BABA6070987A98E05BC9CF1ECBA" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Anagnia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anagnia splendens" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="377" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendens">Anagnia splendens</taxonomicName>
&quot; among pests of sugarcane in Taiwan; this record perhaps also refers to 
<taxonomicName id="F0BC72E9A043B39CB3C2EEE2F99F2F33" lsidName="O. lunulifer" pageId="8" pageNumber="377" rank="species" species="lunulifer">O. lunulifer</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1EB5025EB19689D52FD1996A5A985413" pageId="8" pageNumber="377" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="43922A5962BC2AA1FCC928969465B310" pageId="8" pageNumber="377">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F4DE4C08969EA25563AEE9CE1668E009" pageId="8" pageNumber="377">
Erroneously according to 
<bibRefCitation id="CCBE9A6FD96C324F206B94F04EA9BCCD" author="Metcalf, ZP" journalOrPublisher="Smith College, Northampton, USA" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" title="General catalogue of the Hemiptera, Fasci. IV. Fulgoroidea, Part 8 Dictyopharidae." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/40.3.544" year="1946">Metcalf (1946)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="4DBCFE44640BB97357E60CFAA21135F2" pageId="8" pageNumber="377">Matsumura (1905a</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A0BC4938D0CF4D293F9D614FB40447ED" author="Matsumura, S" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Sapporo Natural History Society" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" pagination="15 - 38" title="Die Hemipterenfauna von Riukiu (Okinawa)." volume="1" year="1905 b">b</bibRefCitation>
) considered 
<taxonomicName id="EA87037FBE1E4CDC2D6EEDBFF44CCB3C" lsidName="O. lunulifer" pageId="8" pageNumber="377" rank="species" species="lunulifer">O. lunulifer</taxonomicName>
to be a junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="82065172B6DEE86BAEAD36BF5F6E5DCA" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Anagnia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anagnia splendens" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="377" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendens">Anagnia splendens</taxonomicName>
(Germar). As he probably studied material from Japan, the description and illustration of &quot; 
<taxonomicName id="29C4F2DDC3EE5A4CC535AF89F1F88602" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Anagnia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anagnia splendens" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="377" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendens">Anagnia splendens</taxonomicName>
&quot; in 
<bibRefCitation id="2437DED68016FA5B3E1A399B121E5C7E" pageId="8" pageNumber="377">Matsumura (1905a)</bibRefCitation>
probably refer to 
<taxonomicName id="10C705CA27A7BA067B8E9C46F4E6DF78" lsidName="O. lunulifer" pageId="8" pageNumber="377" rank="species" species="lunulifer">O. lunulifer</taxonomicName>
(i.e., the only 
<taxonomicName id="74259ED35F5DBB92A40DCC074AF0E3F7" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Orthopagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthopagus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="377" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orthopagus</taxonomicName>
species currently confirmed from Japan). The same is probable for the records and a figure of &quot; 
<taxonomicName id="05C3DEAA87243481D2C3725C17B5B766" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Anagnia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anagnia splendens" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="377" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendens">Anagnia splendens</taxonomicName>
&quot; from Okinawa and Taiwan published in 
<bibRefCitation id="39941081C733A9173F28BC70847B1B4F" author="Matsumura, S" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Sapporo Natural History Society" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" pagination="15 - 38" title="Die Hemipterenfauna von Riukiu (Okinawa)." volume="1" year="1905 b">Matsumura (1905b</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="577E4E3DA9D56CF16BB7C611053AB503" author="Matsumura, S" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Sapporo Natural History Society" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.35666" year="1910">1910</bibRefCitation>
, respectively).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="745B8D3CC3C4341A75999CC8EB1260AC" pageId="8" pageNumber="377">
<bibRefCitation id="834FAAFA84776B6E275D92FFBA811218" author="Melichar, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" pagination="1 - 221" title="Monographie der Dictyophorinen (Homoptera). Abhandlungen der K. K." volume="7" year="1912">Melichar (1912)</bibRefCitation>
differentiated 
<taxonomicName id="93058266DBD033669A5B982DF0517B1E" lsidName="O. elegans" pageId="8" pageNumber="377" rank="species" species="elegans">O. elegans</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="F852710C89A6A93C131838D5F20D3A4E" lsidName="O. helios" pageId="8" pageNumber="377" rank="species" species="helios">O. helios</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="398F4E114558A1B8D35C4BF15F625345" lsidName="O. lunulifer" pageId="8" pageNumber="377" rank="species" species="lunulifer">O. lunulifer</taxonomicName>
based on slight differences in the transparency of the forewing membrane, extent of the dark brown apical band on the forewing and the shape of frons. Based on a study of material from Taiwan, 
<bibRefCitation id="87D9AD9B7B8D64772D31FD83F3FAA8BF" author="Schumacher, F" journalOrPublisher="Supplementa Entomologica" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" pagination="108 - 142" title="Homoptera in H. Sauter's Formosa-Ausbeute." volume="4" year="1915">Schumacher (1915)</bibRefCitation>
suggested that 
<taxonomicName id="A2466F65B50AB7CD73B3F67FB66BD335" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Orthopagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthopagus helios" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="377" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helios">Orthopagus helios</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="7CB4AC46224613E7F76D4244867E8AFF" lsidName="O. elegans" pageId="8" pageNumber="377" rank="species" species="elegans">O. elegans</taxonomicName>
described by 
<bibRefCitation id="8D6B5C463A97C3A14DAEF1C7E3FC37EE" author="Melichar, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" pagination="1 - 221" title="Monographie der Dictyophorinen (Homoptera). Abhandlungen der K. K." volume="7" year="1912">Melichar (1912)</bibRefCitation>
belong to the same species. However, his synonymisation of 
<taxonomicName id="A6E296D7D8D7E5C83CBD467E821FB1AF" infraspecific-rank="var." lsidName="O. helios var. diffusus" pageId="8" pageNumber="377" rank="variety" species="helios" variety="diffusus">O. helios var. diffusus</taxonomicName>
Melichar and 
<taxonomicName id="EDAD3C8D968A5AD5CE35B3A9DABAEC6D" lsidName="O. elegans" pageId="8" pageNumber="377" rank="species" species="elegans">O. elegans</taxonomicName>
Melichar under 
<taxonomicName id="5E14351FA5800DEA0BD098FA113D7418" lsidName="O. helios" pageId="8" pageNumber="377" rank="species" species="helios">O. helios</taxonomicName>
Melichar was not widely accepted (
<bibRefCitation id="C4363441757C8A9E95C74C0CCF24D9F7" author="Metcalf, ZP" journalOrPublisher="Smith College, Northampton, USA" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" title="General catalogue of the Hemiptera, Fasci. IV. Fulgoroidea, Part 8 Dictyopharidae." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/40.3.544" year="1946">Metcalf 1946</bibRefCitation>
). We have examined the corresponding type specimens and additional specimens from the same series collected by H. Sauter in Taiwan and currently deposited in HNHM, MFNB, MMBC, SDEI, and SNSD, and confirm here 
<normalizedToken id="68664910E80A51B8679B35D6F327EE43" originalValue="Schumacher’s">Schumacher's</normalizedToken>
conclusion. Simultaneously, we suggest that 
<taxonomicName id="7E4FA2B2363B373B8648EBA00C3572EC" lsidName="O. helios" pageId="8" pageNumber="377" rank="species" species="helios">O. helios</taxonomicName>
should be treated as a junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="504670301FB79A39E7D2BAAA60E1626F" lsidName="O. lunulifer" pageId="8" pageNumber="377" rank="species" species="lunulifer">O. lunulifer</taxonomicName>
because we consider the differences among these taxa listed by 
<bibRefCitation id="912C222365660BC20A4F40F6E2F38B03" author="Melichar, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" pagination="1 - 221" title="Monographie der Dictyophorinen (Homoptera). Abhandlungen der K. K." volume="7" year="1912">Melichar (1912)</bibRefCitation>
to represent intraspecific variation. We designate here the lectotypes for 
<taxonomicName id="004877C327570B00051FA06FED2D859B" lsidName="O. elegans" pageId="8" pageNumber="377" rank="species" species="elegans">O. elegans</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="AB3F2CB8BE9BC5502D7A3D32D6AA40E5" lsidName="O. helios" pageId="8" pageNumber="377" rank="species" species="helios">O. helios</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="D4355489349D8618CBDB69C8AA494FF8" infraspecific-rank="var." lsidName="O. helios var. diffusus" pageId="8" pageNumber="377" rank="variety" species="helios" variety="diffusus">O. helios var. diffusus</taxonomicName>
to stabilize the nomenclature according to Article 74 of 
<bibRefCitation id="ECCF1A0F55499B8119EF0E9DC9977267" author="Germar, EF" journalOrPublisher="The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature c / o the Natural History Museum, London" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" title="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Fourth Edition." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50608" year="1999">ICZN (1999)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="392CDE1614E43AA71FAEE9694D26DCDD" pageId="8" pageNumber="377">
<bibRefCitation id="FB373198A242403CC30AE0AB33305D4A" author="Liang, AP" journalOrPublisher="Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" pagination="45 - 50" title="Lectotype designations and taxonomic notes on P. R. Uhler's Japanese Fulgoroidea (Homoptera) in the U. S. National Museum of Natural History." volume="2" year="1996">Liang (1996)</bibRefCitation>
designated the lectotype for 
<taxonomicName id="1A2B9C078B2DC5D522F034DB05237202" lsidName="O. lunulifer" pageId="8" pageNumber="377" rank="species" species="lunulifer">O. lunulifer</taxonomicName>
, and provided a left lateral view of male genitalia for this species. Detailed illustrations of the male and female genitalia (but no detailed description) were also provided for 
<taxonomicName id="94A6754EC98AB11AB6F14BBF020A1296" lsidName="O. lunulifer" pageId="8" pageNumber="377" rank="species" species="lunulifer">O. lunulifer</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="0A9620F343D5F16F1A8EF8EBA4769039" author="Song, ZS" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="13" pageNumber="382" pagination="33 - 87" title="Phylogenetic analysis of the Oriental genera of Orthopagini, 1983 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Dictyopharidae: Dictyopharinae), with a systematic revision of the genus Centromeria Stal, 1870." volume="178" year="2016 d">Song et al. (2016d</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="7297AB7ABB28A5FF808682F89BA6768C" author="Song, ZS" journalOrPublisher="Supplementa Entomologica" pageId="12" pageNumber="381" url="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12293" year="2018">2018</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="91FB165A11B39FDECA6DD73D358B5DE8" pageId="8" pageNumber="377">
The single male specimen examined from Nepal (Chitwan National Park) is identical in external characters to specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="3EEC4E49BEFDF4C96025B73B05DE75E9" lsidName="O. lunulifer" pageId="8" pageNumber="377" rank="species" species="lunulifer">O. lunulifer</taxonomicName>
from Japan, China, Taiwan and Vietnam. However, it differs in the shape of the lobe on the dorso-posterior margin of the pygofer which is smaller (shorter and simply angular) than in the rest of 
<taxonomicName id="D4E9ABB6118CA8659F8585796A7CBF41" lsidName="O. lunulifer" pageId="8" pageNumber="377" rank="species" species="lunulifer">O. lunulifer</taxonomicName>
males studied. The phallobase of this specimen could not be sufficiently compared as its membranous lobes failed to inflate during the preparation. More specimens and data are needed to confirm the identification.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>