332 lines
46 KiB
XML
332 lines
46 KiB
XML
<document id="0DAB6519BFF732768DC5852FA71D8644" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae130" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14453763" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="jonas" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.metadata_approvedBy="jonas" IM.tables_approvedBy="jonas" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="jonas" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="jonas" checkinTime="1732850931569" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Englmaier, Gernot K., Blažek, Radim, Zimmermann, Holger, Bartáková, Veronika, Polačik, Matej, Žák, Jakub, Mulokozi, Deogratias P., Katongo, Cyprian, Büscher, Heinz H., Mabo, Lwabanya, Koblmüller, Stephan, Palandačić, Anja & Reichard, Martin" docDate="2024" docId="4D20DF53FFE56C23FE1AFD65CACD3146" docLanguage="en" docName="zlae130.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae130" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C.9:ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Synodontis Cuvier 1816" docType="key" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="35" masterDocId="B119A72BFFC76C01FFE7FF96CF6A3651" masterDocTitle="Revised taxonomy of Synodontis catfishes (Siluriformes: Mochokidae) from the Lake Tanganyika basin reveals lower species diversity than expected" masterLastPageNumber="38" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="35" updateTime="1734356958813" updateUser="jonas">
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<mods:title id="020B9F148CD566153BBDD668842AF4BD">Revised taxonomy of Synodontis catfishes (Siluriformes: Mochokidae) from the Lake Tanganyika basin reveals lower species diversity than expected</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FA705C36424A72E8CF6119585B6664EB">Englmaier, Gernot K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9E61B7E24137B066D1EC86B3722873C7">Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, 60365 Brno, Czech Republic & Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, A- 1010 Vienna, Austria</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0BD99EA085F8FF84C7F39B7662344F3D">Blažek, Radim</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="337B6EC9161FE23042E63E036B920DC6">Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, 60365 Brno, Czech Republic & Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="804AF386F66FDAD7A9BC49108C9065D0">Zimmermann, Holger</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B6D08C80F77C73E3A30660C49519C1BF">Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, A- 8010 Graz, Austria</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="D62BA8FAC290C76764EFDF2794BE79F4">Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, 60365 Brno, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F1C090B63573EC5F27BE49F18383A504">Polačik, Matej</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6DF34D387E3C5DC49CD7EC1ACF3F765E">Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, 60365 Brno, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="A72215449624AC7EC09D9A0A3F69FE38">Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="043E27F34A87C48E0431D904E8113F32">Mulokozi, Deogratias P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9E447655E44B3884AFD52BDDB5081EE7">Tanzanian Fisheries Research Institute, Kigoma Office, PO Box 90, Kigoma, Tanzania</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="76789A2EB85252ACEB812FCE6C64EB18">Katongo, Cyprian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="76A229D78353C52C3BB8A6A72D5D14C0">Department of Biological Sciences, University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="954E8C7BC6C503E166DFCB55085F8D15">Büscher, Heinz H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4A132431F5F1D0E8DE0CF4F3C1465E6F">Zoological Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="DA50FD3D5E73CA6EC6949FC777A180E3">Lake Tanganyika Research Unit, Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, PO Box 420055, Mpulungu, Zambia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="C4BFF7B5577C2275C6849CC844998EFE">Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, A- 8010 Graz, Austria</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="3E13641B7D389F52EA0CF417A0DE9D6B">Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, A- 1010 Vienna, Austria & Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI- 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="0741F2E0DCC4210CC00C0BD36DFD685B">Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, 60365 Brno, Czech Republic & Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic & Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="947A4E0DE5403DC3EF79DB89FEEB40BF">2024</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="028915C6FFE56C23FDAEFD64CC60355D" ID-CoL="7RBN" authority="Cuvier, 1816" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1816" box="[585,778,754,780]" family="Mochokidae" genus="Synodontis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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species
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of the Lake Tanganyika basin
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1a. Large, conspicuous axillary pore present at anterior ventral margin of humeral process (
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<figureCitation id="5DB272C0FFE56C23FBD2FCA5CB1B351A" box="[1077,1137,819,843]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="12.[130,195,1926,1950]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,1464,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-701@12.[161,1416,1470,1898]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 5.General appearance of Synodontis dhonti (MRAC 14344, holotype, 320.4 mm SL, Baie de Kilewa) and shape of humeral process (inset:white outline)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14453775" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14453775/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Figs 5</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="5DB272C0FFE56C23FB9BFCA5CBE3351A" box="[1148,1161,819,843]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1923,1947]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,905,1895]" captionTargetId="figure-362@13.[146,1426,905,1895]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6. General appearance of Synodontis granulosus and shape of humeral process (inset: white outline). A, NMW 100723 (specimen 22-ZM-308), 90.2 mm SL, Mpulungu fish market.B, BMNH 1906.9.6.40, lectotype, S. granulosus, 213.1 mm SL, north end of Lake Tanganyika." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14453777" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14453777/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">6</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="5DB272C0FFE56C23FB74FCA5CBCA351A" box="[1171,1184,819,843]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="18.[129,194,1615,1639]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,1587]" captionTargetId="figure-134@18.[161,1441,144,1587]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 8. General appearance of Synodontis multipunctatus and shape of humeral process (inset: white outline). A, NMW 100756 (specimen 23-TZ-331), 116.3 mm SL, Cape Kabogo. B, BMNH 1898.9.9.76, holotype, S.multipunctatus, 222.5 mm SL, Sumbu. C, BMNH 1936.6.15.1206-1226, 214.9 mm SL, Kibanga Bay." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14453783" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14453783/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">8</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="5DB272C0FFE56C23FB4CFCA5CBD2351A" box="[1195,1208,819,843]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1749,1773]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-57@19.[146,1426,143,1721]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 9. General appearance of Synodontis multipunctatus, resembling specimens identified as Synodontis grandiops, and shape of humeral process (inset: white outline). A, NMW 100761 (specimen 23-IMP-007), 77.8 mm SL, Rutunga. B, BMNH 1982.4.13.4785, holotype, S. grandiops, 94.7 mm SL, Mwakizega coastline. C, BMNH 1936.6.15.1206–1226, 103.6 mm SL, Kibanga Bay." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14453785" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14453785/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">9</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="5DB272C0FFE56C23FB24FCA5CB85351A" box="[1219,1263,819,843]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="27.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[120,1453,162,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-7@27.[119,1454,143,1807]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 12. General appearance of Synodontis tanganyicae and shape of humeral process (inset: white outline). A, lectotype of S. tanganyicae, drawing in the paper by De Vos and Thys van den Audenaerde (1998: fig.1). B, holotype of S. lacustricolus, drawing in the paper by Poll (1953: fig. 18a). C, BMNH 1936.6.15.1203–1205, 423.0 mm SL, Lake Tanganyika." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14453795" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14453795/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">12C</figureCitation>
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) 2
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1b. Axillary pore absent or axillary pore small or only skin fold visible (
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<figureCitation id="5DB272C0FFE56C23FC8EFCC5CCCF353B" box="[873,933,851,875]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="15.[113,178,1606,1630]" captionTargetBox="[148,1428,143,1571]" captionTargetId="figure-128@15.[144,1429,143,1578]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 7. General appearance of Synodontis irsacae and shape of humeral process (inset: white outline). A, NMW 100774 (specimen 23-TZ- 312), 104.6 mm SL, Cape Kabogo. B, NMW 100780 (specimen 23-IMP-014), 101.2 mm SL, Kibige. C, NMW 100767 (specimen 22-ZM- 385), 97.2 mm SL, Katukula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14453779" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14453779/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Figs 7</figureCitation>
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,
|
||
<figureCitation id="5DB272C0FFE56C23FC57FCC5CCA0353A" box="[944,970,851,875]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="22.[129,194,1383,1407]" captionTargetBox="[162,1442,145,1355]" captionTargetId="figure-264@22.[161,1443,144,1356]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 10. General appearance of Synodontis petricola and shape of humeral process (inset: white outline). A, ‘petricola phenotype’, NMW 100713 (specimen 23-TZ-56), 111.0 mm SL, Nondwa Point, Kigoma.B, ‘lucipinnis phenotype’, NMW 100715 (specimen 23-TZ-41), 114.2 mm SL, Hilltop, Kigoma. C, ‘dark phenotype’, NMW 100710 (specimen 22-ZM-531), 78.5 mm SL, Kalambo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14453789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14453789/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">10</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="5DB272C0FFE56C23FC33FCC5CC84353A" box="[980,1006,851,875]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1487,1511]" captionTargetBox="[147,1422,149,1459]" captionTargetId="figure-210@25.[146,1426,144,1459]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 11. General appearance of Synodontis polli and shape of humeral process (inset: white outline).A, NMW 100739 (specimen 23-TZ- 127), 152.1 mm SL, Mabilibili.B, NMW 100741 (specimen 23-IMP-025), 150.0 mm SL, Kibige.C, NMW 100736 (specimen 23-TZ-305), 104.0 mm SL, Cape Kabogo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14453791" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14453791/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">11</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="5DB272C0FFE56C23FC1EFCC5CB54353B" box="[1017,1086,850,875]" captionStart-0="Figure 13" captionStart-1="Figure 14" captionStart-2="Figure 15" captionStartId-0="29.[113,178,1418,1442]" captionStartId-1="31.[113,178,1096,1120]" captionStartId-2="33.[113,178,1426,1450]" captionTargetBox-0="[146,1426,144,1390]" captionTargetBox-1="[146,1426,144,1067]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1426,144,1397]" captionTargetId-0="figure-235@29.[146,1426,143,1390]" captionTargetId-1="figure-456@31.[146,1426,143,1067]" captionTargetId-2="figure-235@33.[146,1426,143,1397]" captionTargetPageId-0="29" captionTargetPageId-1="31" captionTargetPageId-2="33" captionText-0="Figure 13. General appearance of Synodontis afrofischeri from the Malagarasi River drainage and shape of humeral process (inset: white outline).A, BMNH 1971.6.22.111–113, 123.8 mm SL, Kasanda Bay, Malagarasi River, Lake Tanganyika basin. B, BMNH 1971.6.22.111–113, 127.7 mm SL, Kasanda Bay, Malagarasi River, Lake Tanganyika basin.C, BMNH 1971.6.22.116, 145.0 mm SL, Katare, Lake Tanganyika basin." captionText-1="Figure 14. General appearance of Synodontis melanostictus and shape of humeral process (inset: white outline). A, NMW 100724 (specimen 21-ZM-252), 121.0 mm SL, Ndole Bay, Lake Tanganyika. B, BMNH 1906.9.8.72, 237.0 mm SL, holotype, S. melanostictus, Lofu, Lake Tanganyika basin." captionText-2="Figure 15. General appearance of Synodontis victoriae and shape of humeral process (inset: white outline).A, BMNH 1971.6.22.118, 142.4 mm SL, Kasanda Bay, Malagarasi River, Lake Tanganyika basin.B, BMNH 1971.6.22.117, 152.7 mm SL, Kasanda Bay, Malagarasi River, Lake Tanganyika basin. C, BMNH 1906.5.30.190, 225.0 mm SL, paralectotype S. victoriae, Buganga, Lake Victoria." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14453797" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14453799" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14453803" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14453797/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14453799/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/14453803/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">13–15</figureCitation>
|
||
) ............................................................5
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="7E7D76E0FFE56C23FF7CFCE4CACD35F8" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<paragraph id="C5366E45FFE56C23FF7CFCE4CACD35DB" blockId="34.[155,1448,754,1815]" box="[155,1447,882,906]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<keyLead id="7E78CD70FFE56C23FF7CFCE4CACD35DB" box="[155,1447,882,906]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">2a. Mandibular teeth 38–50, arranged in eight or 10 symmetric rows of replacement teeth ..................................................................3</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C5366E45FFE56C23FF7CFC07CACD35F8" blockId="34.[155,1448,754,1815]" box="[155,1447,913,937]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<keyLead id="7E78CD70FFE56C23FF7CFC07CACD35F8" box="[155,1447,913,937]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">2b. Mandibular teeth 13–29, arranged in four or six symmetric rows of replacement teeth ...................................................................4</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="7E7D76E0FFE56C23FF7CFC27CACD3234" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<paragraph id="C5366E45FFE56C23FF7CFC27CACD3256" blockId="34.[155,1448,754,1815]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<keyLead id="7E78CD70FFE56C23FF7CFC27CACD3256" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
3a. Total vertebrae 41–45 (median 43); secondary branches on inner mandibular barbels 0–5 (median 0); snout length 46.0%– 56.5% (mean 48.7%) of head length; length of inner mandibular barbels 34.7%–70.7% (mean 47.8%) of outer mandibular-barbel length .................................................................................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="028915C6FFE56C23FB31FC66CA3F3256" ID-CoL="53XMN" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1900" box="[1238,1365,1007,1031]" family="Mochokidae" genus="Synodontis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="granulosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFE56C23FB31FC66CA3F3256" box="[1238,1365,1007,1031]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">S. granulosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="5DB272C0FFE56C23FA83FC79CAF63256" box="[1380,1436,1007,1031]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="13.[113,178,1923,1947]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,905,1895]" captionTargetId="figure-362@13.[146,1426,905,1895]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6. General appearance of Synodontis granulosus and shape of humeral process (inset: white outline). A, NMW 100723 (specimen 22-ZM-308), 90.2 mm SL, Mpulungu fish market.B, BMNH 1906.9.6.40, lectotype, S. granulosus, 213.1 mm SL, north end of Lake Tanganyika." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14453777" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14453777/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C5366E45FFE56C23FF7CFB99CACD3234" blockId="34.[155,1448,754,1815]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<keyLead id="7E78CD70FFE56C23FF7CFB99CACD3234" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
3b. Total vertebrae 40–41 (median 41); secondary branches on inner mandibular barbels 4–8 (median 6); snout length 50.3%– 60.0% (mean 55.4%) of head length; length of inner mandibular barbels 28.3%–41.7% (mean 36.4%) of outer mandibular-barbel length ............................................................................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="028915C6FFE56C23FB59FBD8CA223234" ID-CoL="7B9ZH" authorityName="Borodin" authorityYear="1936" box="[1214,1352,1102,1125]" family="Mochokidae" genus="Synodontis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tanganyicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFE56C23FB59FBD8CA223234" box="[1214,1352,1102,1125]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">S. tanganyicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="5DB272C0FFE56C23FAB0FBDBCAF63234" box="[1367,1436,1101,1125]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="27.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[120,1453,162,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-7@27.[119,1454,143,1807]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 12. General appearance of Synodontis tanganyicae and shape of humeral process (inset: white outline). A, lectotype of S. tanganyicae, drawing in the paper by De Vos and Thys van den Audenaerde (1998: fig.1). B, holotype of S. lacustricolus, drawing in the paper by Poll (1953: fig. 18a). C, BMNH 1936.6.15.1203–1205, 423.0 mm SL, Lake Tanganyika." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14453795" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14453795/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="7E7D76E0FFE56C23FF7CFBFBCACD3292" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<paragraph id="C5366E45FFE56C23FF7CFBFBCACD32D4" blockId="34.[155,1448,754,1815]" box="[155,1447,1132,1157]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<keyLead id="7E78CD70FFE56C23FF7CFBFBCACD32D4" box="[155,1447,1132,1157]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
4a. Head and body with abundant granular papillae; spots absent...................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="028915C6FFE56C23FB19FBFBCA3E32D4" ID-CoL="53XLZ" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1917" box="[1278,1364,1133,1157]" family="Mochokidae" genus="Synodontis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dhonti">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFE56C23FB19FBFBCA3E32D4" box="[1278,1364,1133,1157]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">S. dhonti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="5DB272C0FFE56C23FA83FBFBCAF632D5" box="[1380,1436,1132,1157]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="12.[130,195,1926,1950]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,1464,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-701@12.[161,1416,1470,1898]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 5.General appearance of Synodontis dhonti (MRAC 14344, holotype, 320.4 mm SL, Baie de Kilewa) and shape of humeral process (inset:white outline)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14453775" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14453775/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C5366E45FFE56C23FF7CFB1ACACD3292" blockId="34.[155,1448,754,1815]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<keyLead id="7E78CD70FFE56C23FF7CFB1ACACD3292" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
4b. Head and body with few papillae, usually restricted to head, non-granular; abundant black spots on head and body................. ............................................................................................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="028915C6FFE56C23FB68FB3ACA523292" ID-CoL="7B9YS" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1898" box="[1167,1336,1195,1219]" family="Mochokidae" genus="Synodontis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multipunctatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFE56C23FB68FB3ACA523292" box="[1167,1336,1195,1219]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">S. multipunctatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="5DB272C0FFE56C23FAAEFB3DCAEE3292" box="[1353,1412,1195,1219]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="18.[129,194,1615,1639]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,1587]" captionTargetId="figure-134@18.[161,1441,144,1587]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 8. General appearance of Synodontis multipunctatus and shape of humeral process (inset: white outline). A, NMW 100756 (specimen 23-TZ-331), 116.3 mm SL, Cape Kabogo. B, BMNH 1898.9.9.76, holotype, S.multipunctatus, 222.5 mm SL, Sumbu. C, BMNH 1936.6.15.1206-1226, 214.9 mm SL, Kibanga Bay." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14453783" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14453783/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Figs 8</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="5DB272C0FFE56C23FA68FB3DCAF63292" box="[1423,1436,1195,1219]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="19.[113,178,1749,1773]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-57@19.[146,1426,143,1721]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 9. General appearance of Synodontis multipunctatus, resembling specimens identified as Synodontis grandiops, and shape of humeral process (inset: white outline). A, NMW 100761 (specimen 23-IMP-007), 77.8 mm SL, Rutunga. B, BMNH 1982.4.13.4785, holotype, S. grandiops, 94.7 mm SL, Mwakizega coastline. C, BMNH 1936.6.15.1206–1226, 103.6 mm SL, Kibanga Bay." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14453785" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14453785/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">9</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="7E7D76E0FFE56C23FF7CFB5CCACD3310" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<paragraph id="C5366E45FFE56C23FF7CFB5CCACD3353" blockId="34.[155,1448,754,1815]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<keyLead id="7E78CD70FFE56C23FF7CFB5CCACD3353" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
5a. Caudal-fin lobes with black bars, never without pigmentation or only spots; head and body usually with abundant black spots (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5DB272C0FFE56C23FF31FB7CCE783350" box="[214,274,1258,1282]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="15.[113,178,1606,1630]" captionTargetBox="[148,1428,143,1571]" captionTargetId="figure-128@15.[144,1429,143,1578]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 7. General appearance of Synodontis irsacae and shape of humeral process (inset: white outline). A, NMW 100774 (specimen 23-TZ- 312), 104.6 mm SL, Cape Kabogo. B, NMW 100780 (specimen 23-IMP-014), 101.2 mm SL, Kibige. C, NMW 100767 (specimen 22-ZM- 385), 97.2 mm SL, Katukula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14453779" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14453779/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Figs 7</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="5DB272C0FFE56C23FEFBFB7CCE5C3353" box="[284,310,1258,1282]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="22.[129,194,1383,1407]" captionTargetBox="[162,1442,145,1355]" captionTargetId="figure-264@22.[161,1443,144,1356]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 10. General appearance of Synodontis petricola and shape of humeral process (inset: white outline). A, ‘petricola phenotype’, NMW 100713 (specimen 23-TZ-56), 111.0 mm SL, Nondwa Point, Kigoma.B, ‘lucipinnis phenotype’, NMW 100715 (specimen 23-TZ-41), 114.2 mm SL, Hilltop, Kigoma. C, ‘dark phenotype’, NMW 100710 (specimen 22-ZM-531), 78.5 mm SL, Kalambo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14453789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14453789/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">10</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="5DB272C0FFE56C23FEA6FB7CCE313353" box="[321,347,1258,1282]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1487,1511]" captionTargetBox="[147,1422,149,1459]" captionTargetId="figure-210@25.[146,1426,144,1459]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 11. General appearance of Synodontis polli and shape of humeral process (inset: white outline).A, NMW 100739 (specimen 23-TZ- 127), 152.1 mm SL, Mabilibili.B, NMW 100741 (specimen 23-IMP-025), 150.0 mm SL, Kibige.C, NMW 100736 (specimen 23-TZ-305), 104.0 mm SL, Cape Kabogo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14453791" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14453791/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">11</figureCitation>
|
||
) ................................................................................................................................................................................................6
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C5366E45FFE56C23FF7CFA9FCACD3310" blockId="34.[155,1448,754,1815]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<keyLead id="7E78CD70FFE56C23FF7CFA9FCACD3310" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
5b. Caudal-fin lobes never with black bars, caudal fin usually with abundant black or dark brown spots; head and body with or without dark spots (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5DB272C0FFE56C23FE7DFABFCD603311" box="[410,522,1320,1345]" captionStart-0="Figure 13" captionStart-1="Figure 14" captionStart-2="Figure 15" captionStartId-0="29.[113,178,1418,1442]" captionStartId-1="31.[113,178,1096,1120]" captionStartId-2="33.[113,178,1426,1450]" captionTargetBox-0="[146,1426,144,1390]" captionTargetBox-1="[146,1426,144,1067]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1426,144,1397]" captionTargetId-0="figure-235@29.[146,1426,143,1390]" captionTargetId-1="figure-456@31.[146,1426,143,1067]" captionTargetId-2="figure-235@33.[146,1426,143,1397]" captionTargetPageId-0="29" captionTargetPageId-1="31" captionTargetPageId-2="33" captionText-0="Figure 13. General appearance of Synodontis afrofischeri from the Malagarasi River drainage and shape of humeral process (inset: white outline).A, BMNH 1971.6.22.111–113, 123.8 mm SL, Kasanda Bay, Malagarasi River, Lake Tanganyika basin. B, BMNH 1971.6.22.111–113, 127.7 mm SL, Kasanda Bay, Malagarasi River, Lake Tanganyika basin.C, BMNH 1971.6.22.116, 145.0 mm SL, Katare, Lake Tanganyika basin." captionText-1="Figure 14. General appearance of Synodontis melanostictus and shape of humeral process (inset: white outline). A, NMW 100724 (specimen 21-ZM-252), 121.0 mm SL, Ndole Bay, Lake Tanganyika. B, BMNH 1906.9.8.72, 237.0 mm SL, holotype, S. melanostictus, Lofu, Lake Tanganyika basin." captionText-2="Figure 15. General appearance of Synodontis victoriae and shape of humeral process (inset: white outline).A, BMNH 1971.6.22.118, 142.4 mm SL, Kasanda Bay, Malagarasi River, Lake Tanganyika basin.B, BMNH 1971.6.22.117, 152.7 mm SL, Kasanda Bay, Malagarasi River, Lake Tanganyika basin. C, BMNH 1906.5.30.190, 225.0 mm SL, paralectotype S. victoriae, Buganga, Lake Victoria." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14453797" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14453799" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14453803" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14453797/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14453799/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/14453803/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Figs 13–15</figureCitation>
|
||
) .................................................................................................................................................................8
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="7E7D76E0FFE56C23FF7CFADECACD33EC" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<paragraph id="C5366E45FFE56C23FF7CFADECACD332E" blockId="34.[155,1448,754,1815]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<keyLead id="7E78CD70FFE56C23FF7CFADECACD332E" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
6a. Mandibular teeth 41–68 (median 53), commonly arranged in eight symmetric rows of replacement teeth; head and body with abundant villous papillae..........................................................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="028915C6FFE56C23FAE1FAFECA2D332E" ID-CoL="53XR7" authorityName="Gosse" authorityYear="1982" box="[1286,1351,1383,1407]" family="Mochokidae" genus="Synodontis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polli">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFE56C23FAE1FAFECA2D332E" box="[1286,1351,1383,1407]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">S. polli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="5DB272C0FFE56C23FAB0FAF1CAF6332E" box="[1367,1436,1383,1407]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="25.[113,178,1487,1511]" captionTargetBox="[147,1422,149,1459]" captionTargetId="figure-210@25.[146,1426,144,1459]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 11. General appearance of Synodontis polli and shape of humeral process (inset: white outline).A, NMW 100739 (specimen 23-TZ- 127), 152.1 mm SL, Mabilibili.B, NMW 100741 (specimen 23-IMP-025), 150.0 mm SL, Kibige.C, NMW 100736 (specimen 23-TZ-305), 104.0 mm SL, Cape Kabogo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14453791" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14453791/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C5366E45FFE56C23FF7CFA11CACD33EC" blockId="34.[155,1448,754,1815]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<keyLead id="7E78CD70FFE56C23FF7CFA11CACD33EC" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">6b. Mandibular teeth 18–48, commonly arranged in four or six symmetric rows of replacement teeth; head and body with few papillae, usually restricted to head ..............................................................................................................................................................7</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="7E7D76E0FFE56C23FF7CFA50CACD300A" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<paragraph id="C5366E45FFE56C23FF7CFA50CACD33AC" blockId="34.[155,1448,754,1815]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<keyLead id="7E78CD70FFE56C23FF7CFA50CACD33AC" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
7a. Dorsal spine usually completely white; 87%–100% (mean 97%) of first branched dorsal-fin ray dark (from base) vs. 0%–13% (mean 3%) white (from tip); mandibular teeth 31–48 (median 39).................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="028915C6FFE56C23FB3BFA73CA2233AC" ID-CoL="53XR4" authorityName="Matthes" authorityYear="1959" box="[1244,1352,1509,1533]" family="Mochokidae" genus="Synodontis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petricola">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFE56C23FB3BFA73CA2233AC" box="[1244,1352,1509,1533]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">S. petricola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="5DB272C0FFE56C23FAB0FA73CAF633AC" box="[1367,1436,1509,1533]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="22.[129,194,1383,1407]" captionTargetBox="[162,1442,145,1355]" captionTargetId="figure-264@22.[161,1443,144,1356]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 10. General appearance of Synodontis petricola and shape of humeral process (inset: white outline). A, ‘petricola phenotype’, NMW 100713 (specimen 23-TZ-56), 111.0 mm SL, Nondwa Point, Kigoma.B, ‘lucipinnis phenotype’, NMW 100715 (specimen 23-TZ-41), 114.2 mm SL, Hilltop, Kigoma. C, ‘dark phenotype’, NMW 100710 (specimen 22-ZM-531), 78.5 mm SL, Kalambo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14453789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14453789/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C5366E45FFE56C23FF7CF992CACD300A" blockId="34.[155,1448,754,1815]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<keyLead id="7E78CD70FFE56C23FF7CF992CACD300A" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
7b. Dorsal spine never completely white, only white at tip and upper flexible part; 56%–76% (mean 66%) of first branched dorsal-fin ray dark (from base) vs. 24%–44% (mean 34%) white (from tip); mandibular teeth 18–35 (median 24)................. ................................................................................................................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="028915C6FFE56C23FAE7F9D5CA33300B" ID-CoL="53XN7" authorityName="Matthes" authorityYear="1959" box="[1280,1369,1603,1626]" family="Mochokidae" genus="Synodontis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="irsacae">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFE56C23FAE7F9D5CA33300B" box="[1280,1369,1603,1626]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">S. irsacae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="5DB272C0FFE56C23FA83F9D5CAF6300B" box="[1380,1436,1603,1627]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="15.[113,178,1606,1630]" captionTargetBox="[148,1428,143,1571]" captionTargetId="figure-128@15.[144,1429,143,1578]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 7. General appearance of Synodontis irsacae and shape of humeral process (inset: white outline). A, NMW 100774 (specimen 23-TZ- 312), 104.6 mm SL, Cape Kabogo. B, NMW 100780 (specimen 23-IMP-014), 101.2 mm SL, Kibige. C, NMW 100767 (specimen 22-ZM- 385), 97.2 mm SL, Katukula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14453779" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14453779/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="7E7D76E0FFE56C23FF7CF9F4CACD3089" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<paragraph id="C5366E45FFE56C23FF7CF9F4CACD30C8" blockId="34.[155,1448,754,1815]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<keyLead id="7E78CD70FFE56C23FF7CF9F4CACD30C8" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
8a. Primary premaxillary teeth 33–57 (median 43); mandibular teeth 42–64 (median 49), arranged in six symmetric rows of replacement teeth; head and body with marbled body coloration ....................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="028915C6FFE56C23FB21F914CA2D30C8" ID-CoL="53XKD" authorityName="Hilgendorf" authorityYear="1888" box="[1222,1351,1665,1689]" family="Mochokidae" genus="Synodontis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="afrofischeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFE56C23FB21F914CA2D30C8" box="[1222,1351,1665,1689]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">S. afrofischeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="5DB272C0FFE56C23FAB0F917CAF630C8" box="[1367,1436,1665,1689]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="29.[113,178,1418,1442]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,1390]" captionTargetId="figure-235@29.[146,1426,143,1390]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figure 13. General appearance of Synodontis afrofischeri from the Malagarasi River drainage and shape of humeral process (inset: white outline).A, BMNH 1971.6.22.111–113, 123.8 mm SL, Kasanda Bay, Malagarasi River, Lake Tanganyika basin. B, BMNH 1971.6.22.111–113, 127.7 mm SL, Kasanda Bay, Malagarasi River, Lake Tanganyika basin.C, BMNH 1971.6.22.116, 145.0 mm SL, Katare, Lake Tanganyika basin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14453797" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14453797/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C5366E45FFE56C23FF7CF937CACD3089" blockId="34.[155,1448,754,1815]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<keyLead id="7E78CD70FFE56C23FF7CF937CACD3089" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">8b. Primary premaxillary teeth 16–64; mandibular teeth 18–38, arranged in four or six symmetric rows of replacement teeth; head and body with or without dark spots, never with marbled coloration pattern.........................................................................9</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="7E7D76E0FFE56C23FF7CF949CACD3146" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<paragraph id="C5366E45FFE56C23FF7CF949CACD30A6" blockId="34.[155,1448,754,1815]" box="[155,1447,1759,1783]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<keyLead id="7E78CD70FFE56C23FF7CF949CACD30A6" box="[155,1447,1759,1783]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
9a. Primary premaxillary teeth 34–64 (median 46); head, body, and fins with abundant dark spots........
|
||
<taxonomicName id="028915C6FFE56C23FB49F976CA2D30A6" ID-CoL="53XPJ" box="[1198,1351,1759,1783]" family="Mochokidae" genus="Synodontis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFE56C23FB49F976CA2D30A6" box="[1198,1351,1759,1783]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">S. melanostictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="5DB272C0FFE56C23FAB0F949CAF630A6" box="[1367,1436,1759,1783]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="31.[113,178,1096,1120]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,1067]" captionTargetId="figure-456@31.[146,1426,143,1067]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 14. General appearance of Synodontis melanostictus and shape of humeral process (inset: white outline). A, NMW 100724 (specimen 21-ZM-252), 121.0 mm SL, Ndole Bay, Lake Tanganyika. B, BMNH 1906.9.8.72, 237.0 mm SL, holotype, S. melanostictus, Lofu, Lake Tanganyika basin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14453799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14453799/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C5366E45FFE56C23FF7CF969CACD3146" blockId="34.[155,1448,754,1815]" box="[155,1447,1790,1815]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<keyLead id="7E78CD70FFE56C23FF7CF969CACD3146" box="[155,1447,1790,1815]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
9b. Primary premaxillary teeth 16–29 (median 23); head, body, and fins with or without dark spots...............
|
||
<taxonomicName id="028915C6FFE56C23FB39F969CA2D3147" ID-CoL="53XSV" box="[1246,1351,1791,1814]" family="Mochokidae" genus="Synodontis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="victoriae">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFE56C23FB39F969CA2D3147" box="[1246,1351,1791,1814]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">S. victoriae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="5DB272C0FFE56C23FAB0F969CAF63147" box="[1367,1436,1790,1815]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="33.[113,178,1426,1450]" captionTargetBox="[151,1426,144,1397]" captionTargetId="figure-235@33.[146,1426,143,1397]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Figure 15. General appearance of Synodontis victoriae and shape of humeral process (inset: white outline).A, BMNH 1971.6.22.118, 142.4 mm SL, Kasanda Bay, Malagarasi River, Lake Tanganyika basin.B, BMNH 1971.6.22.117, 152.7 mm SL, Kasanda Bay, Malagarasi River, Lake Tanganyika basin. C, BMNH 1906.5.30.190, 225.0 mm SL, paralectotype S. victoriae, Buganga, Lake Victoria." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14453803" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14453803/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |