552 lines
59 KiB
XML
552 lines
59 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="EF4B931DB8CE7DCBDA48E8D38999BD9C">Revised taxonomy of Synodontis catfishes (Siluriformes: Mochokidae) from the Lake Tanganyika basin reveals lower species diversity than expected</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F0FF235439E0A6565B6189F1F8BED9A9">Englmaier, Gernot K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BF0F5C5786A0F7D0CF990C6A9B8A9BC5">Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, 60365 Brno, Czech Republic & Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, A- 1010 Vienna, Austria</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="BF5F644F1CFE0C4F6A1795A16E1DB8A1">Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, 60365 Brno, Czech Republic & Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9ED9C4ADD1749E31688B3CAC8D5D99CF">Zimmermann, Holger</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CE276999375588434719AA8024783E02">Bartáková, Veronika</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="556E15B66D1A6618F45BD67B6EF873F1">Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, 60365 Brno, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F046702DBF2E1C3E8606E99DD351289E">Polačik, Matej</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="766D692F105E5A7D4ECCDEA853738F9F">Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, 60365 Brno, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="C4906A24BF570F233456097E7BED6FD0">Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="653D12FC6B4B6B310F1A6EF668FB606C">Mulokozi, Deogratias P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0FE493301A6DE7F0E5EC29601C36FEBC">Tanzanian Fisheries Research Institute, Kigoma Office, PO Box 90, Kigoma, Tanzania</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="48255BD21E9BCC4ED948B36CA5FD963C">Katongo, Cyprian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BBDCC0207D1611E6D2A1E77664B6AB57">Department of Biological Sciences, University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="97AFB7269BAED90C8965D35170D4E11F">Büscher, Heinz H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C4C1319DE596334700AEAFF556FD91F6">Zoological Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="597510255D22229EC85AE13CA6AFB266">Mabo, Lwabanya</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FDBAE1B647642A16D07418232C786B3F">Lake Tanganyika Research Unit, Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, PO Box 420055, Mpulungu, Zambia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C73BB4F0CFAF5A8E1DF1E378DD523657">Koblmüller, Stephan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B23EDD49B916C1CAE6DB7051B3C7A552">Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, A- 8010 Graz, Austria</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="71FF5DA284E8C23C2CC06F17C37AD862">Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, A- 1010 Vienna, Austria & Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI- 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="D28BACB46139BB27D958E687C31F9D28">Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, 60365 Brno, Czech Republic & Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic & Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="C542A461DD170CB668F1DB4727C2AFA6">2024</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="028915C6FFD96C1FFC41FEF2CA3F372F" ID-CoL="53XPJ" authority="Boulenger, 1906" authorityName="Boulenger, 1906: 553 (Boulenger" authorityYear="1906" box="[934,1365,356,383]" family="Mochokidae" genus="Synodontis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostictus">
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<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFD96C1FFC41FEF2CBCA372E" bold="true" box="[934,1184,356,383]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Synodontis melanostictus</emphasis>
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Boulenger, 1906
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<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFD96C1FFC7CFE34CA0B37ED" bold="true" box="[923,1377,418,445]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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(
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<figureCitation id="5DB272C0FFD96C1FFC42FE35CC8637EC" box="[933,1004,419,445]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="31.[113,178,1096,1120]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,1067]" captionTargetId="figure-456@31.[146,1426,143,1067]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 14. General appearance of Synodontis melanostictus and shape of humeral process (inset: white outline). A, NMW 100724 (specimen 21-ZM-252), 121.0 mm SL, Ndole Bay, Lake Tanganyika. B, BMNH 1906.9.8.72, 237.0 mm SL, holotype, S. melanostictus, Lofu, Lake Tanganyika basin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14453799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14453799/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
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; Supporting Information,
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<figureCitation id="5DB272C0FFD96C1FFAE5FE35CA3C37EC" box="[1282,1366,419,445]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="22.[129,194,1383,1407]" captionTargetBox="[162,1442,145,1355]" captionTargetId="figure-264@22.[161,1443,144,1356]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 10. General appearance of Synodontis petricola and shape of humeral process (inset: white outline). A, ‘petricola phenotype’, NMW 100713 (specimen 23-TZ-56), 111.0 mm SL, Nondwa Point, Kigoma.B, ‘lucipinnis phenotype’, NMW 100715 (specimen 23-TZ-41), 114.2 mm SL, Hilltop, Kigoma. C, ‘dark phenotype’, NMW 100710 (specimen 22-ZM-531), 78.5 mm SL, Kalambo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14453789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14453789/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. S10</figureCitation>
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)
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<taxonomicName id="028915C6FFD96C1FFCDEFE5FCCE93450" authority="Boulenger, 1906: 553 (Boulenger 1906 a)" authorityName="Boulenger, 1906: 553 (Boulenger" authorityYear="1906" family="Mochokidae" genus="Synodontis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostictus">
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<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFD96C1FFCDEFE5FCB5D37B0" box="[825,1079,457,481]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Synodontis melanostictus</emphasis>
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Boulenger, 1906: 553 (
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<bibRefCitation id="A11813B4FFD96C1FFABEFE5FCC1D3450" author="Boulenger GA" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="537 - 601" refId="ref33108" refString="Boulenger GA. Fourth contribution to the ichthyology of Lake Tanganyika. Report on the collection of fishes made by Dr. W. A. Cunnington during the Third Tanganyika Expedition, 1904 - 1905. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 1906 a; 17 (1): 537 - 601." type="journal article" year="1906">Boulenger 1906a</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<typeStatus id="1A32D0E7FFD96C1FFC68FE7FCCAA3450" box="[911,960,489,513]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">type</typeStatus>
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locality:
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<location id="C056389EFFD96C1FFBFAFE7FCB3B3450" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4D20DF53FFD96C21FC41FEF2CD933332:C056389EFFD96C1FFBFAFE7FCB3B3450" box="[1053,1105,489,513]" country="Zambia" municipality="Lake Tanganyika" name="Lofu" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Lofu</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="2552F43FFFD96C1FFBBEFE7FCA633450" box="[1113,1289,489,513]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Lake Tanganyika</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="BD9E2ED5FFD96C1FFAF6FE7FCA0F3450" box="[1297,1381,489,513]" name="Zambia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Zambia</collectingCountry>
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).
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<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFD96C1FFCDEFDB4CBF0346B" box="[825,1178,546,570]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Material examined: Type material:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="75E16418FFD96C1FFB49FDB5CB2D3428" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="Cunnington." country="Zambia" location="Lofu" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCode="BMNH 1906.9.8.72" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFD96C1FFB49FDB5CA16346B" box="[1198,1404,546,570]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<specimenCode id="952FC63EFFD96C1FFB49FDB5CA16346B" box="[1198,1404,546,570]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">BMNH 1906.9.8.72</specimenCode>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<typeStatus id="1A32D0E7FFD96C1FFA6CFDB4CC02340B" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="028915C6FFD96C1FFC90FDD4CB7C3408" authorityName="Boulenger, 1906: 553 (Boulenger" authorityYear="1906" box="[887,1046,577,601]" family="Mochokidae" genus="Synodontis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFD96C1FFC90FDD4CB7C3408" box="[887,1046,577,601]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<originalDetermination id="E697D6B9FFD96C1FFC90FDD4CB7C3408" box="[887,1046,577,601]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">S. melanostictus</originalDetermination>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 237.0 mm SL,
|
||
<location id="C056389EFFD96C1FFB20FDD7CB913408" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4D20DF53FFD96C21FC41FEF2CD933332:C056389EFFD96C1FFB20FDD7CB913408" box="[1223,1275,577,601]" country="Zambia" name="Lofu" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Lofu</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="C056389EFFD96C1FFAEDFDD7CAD43408" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4D20DF53FFD96C21FC41FEF2CD933332:C056389EFFD96C1FFAEDFDD7CAD43408" box="[1290,1470,577,601]" country="Zambia" name="Lake Tanganyika" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Lake Tanganyika</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BD9E2ED5FFD96C1FFCDEFDF7CCE03428" box="[825,906,609,633]" name="Zambia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Zambia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="687C0B93FFD96C1FFC24FDF7CB2D3428" box="[963,1095,609,633]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Cunnington.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C5366E45FFD96C1FFCDEFD0DCA0C3390" blockId="30.[824,1477,666,1473]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFD96C1FFCDEFD0DCC9334E3" box="[825,1017,666,690]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Non-type material:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="75E16418FFD96C1FFBF7FD0CCA1734A1" collectionCode="MRAC" collectorName="De Vos" country="Zambia" county="Lake Tanganyika" location="Lufubu river" municipality="Yendwe valley" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCode="MRAC 1996.083" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="952FC63EFFD96C1FFBF7FD0CCBA334E3" box="[1040,1225,666,690]" collectionCode="MRAC" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="Museum">MRAC 1996.083</specimenCode>
|
||
.P.0002, one, 197.0 mm SL,
|
||
<location id="C056389EFFD96C1FFC84FD2FCC8C3480" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4D20DF53FFD96C21FC41FEF2CD933332:C056389EFFD96C1FFC84FD2FCC8C3480" box="[867,998,697,721]" country="Zambia" county="Lake Tanganyika" municipality="Yendwe valley" name="Lufubu river" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Lufubu river</location>
|
||
, lower course, beginning of
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="2552F43FFFD96C1FFAECFD2FCAF43480" box="[1291,1438,697,721]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Yendwe valley</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
escarpment,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="2C5716C9FFD96C1FFC4EFD4FCB3234A0" box="[937,1112,729,753]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Lake Tanganyika</collectingCounty>
|
||
basin,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BD9E2ED5FFD96C1FFB45FD4FCB9934A0" box="[1186,1267,729,753]" name="Zambia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Zambia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="687C0B93FFD96C1FFAD7FD4FCA1734A1" box="[1328,1405,729,752]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">De Vos</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
, 1995.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="75E16418FFD96C1FFCDCFD6ECC05351F" collectionCode="MRAC" collectorName="Leleup" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" location="Uvira" municipality="Lake Tanganyika" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCode="MRAC 126293-126294" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="952FC63EFFD96C1FFCDCFD6ECB583541" box="[827,1074,760,784]" collectionCode="MRAC" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="Museum">MRAC 126293-126294</specimenCode>
|
||
, two,
|
||
<quantity id="0271C3A0FFD96C1FFB88FD6ECA76355E" box="[1135,1308,760,784]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2475" metricValueMax="1.311" metricValueMin="1.184" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="124.75" valueMax="131.1" valueMin="118.4">118.4–131.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL,
|
||
<location id="C056389EFFD96C1FFAADFD6ECAEF3541" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4D20DF53FFD96C21FC41FEF2CD933332:C056389EFFD96C1FFAADFD6ECAEF3541" box="[1354,1413,760,784]" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" municipality="Lake Tanganyika" name="Uvira" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Uvira</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="2552F43FFFD96C1FFA77FD6ECCD9357E" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Lake Tanganyika</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BD9E2ED5FFD96C1FFC58FC81CA5D357E" box="[959,1335,791,815]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="687C0B93FFD96C1FFA9FFC81CAAA357E" box="[1400,1472,791,815]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Leleup</collectorName>
|
||
, 1958
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="75E16418FFD96C1FFC65FCA1CA0C353F" collectionCode="MRAC" collectorName="Marlier & Leleup" country="Burundi" location="Petite Ruzizi" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCode="MRAC 100515-100517" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="952FC63EFFD96C1FFC65FCA1CBED351F" box="[898,1159,822,847]" collectionCode="MRAC" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="Museum">MRAC 100515–100517</specimenCode>
|
||
, three,
|
||
<quantity id="0271C3A0FFD96C1FFB05FCA1CAFB351F" box="[1250,1425,823,847]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7614999999999998" metricValueMax="1.8119999999999998" metricValueMin="1.7109999999999999" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="176.14999999999998" valueMax="181.2" valueMin="171.1">171.1–181.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL,
|
||
<location id="C056389EFFD96C1FFCDEFCC0CCAF353F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4D20DF53FFD96C21FC41FEF2CD933332:C056389EFFD96C1FFCDEFCC0CCAF353F" box="[825,965,854,878]" country="Burundi" name="Petite Ruzizi" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Petite Ruzizi</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BD9E2ED5FFD96C1FFC30FCC0CB44353F" box="[983,1070,854,878]" name="Burundi" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Burundi</collectingCountry>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="687C0B93FFD96C1FFB9FFCC0CBAF353F" box="[1144,1221,854,878]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Marlier</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="687C0B93FFD96C1FFB30FCC0CA75353F" box="[1239,1311,854,878]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Leleup</collectorName>
|
||
, 1955
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="75E16418FFD96C1FFA90FCC0CCA935FD" collectionCode="MRAC" collectorName="Marlier & Leleup" country="Burundi" location="Petite Ruzizi" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCode="MRAC 100518" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="952FC63EFFD96C1FFA90FCC0CCE335DC" collectionCode="MRAC" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="Museum">MRAC 100518</specimenCode>
|
||
, one,
|
||
<quantity id="0271C3A0FFD96C1FFC24FCE3CB4035DC" box="[963,1066,885,909]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.364" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="136.4">136.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL,
|
||
<location id="C056389EFFD96C1FFBB1FCE3CBB335DC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4D20DF53FFD96C21FC41FEF2CD933332:C056389EFFD96C1FFBB1FCE3CBB335DC" box="[1110,1241,885,909]" country="Burundi" name="Petite Ruzizi" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Petite Ruzizi</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BD9E2ED5FFD96C1FFB05FCE3CA5335DC" box="[1250,1337,885,909]" name="Burundi" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Burundi</collectingCountry>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="687C0B93FFD96C1FFA96FCE3CAD435DC" box="[1393,1470,885,909]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Marlier</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="687C0B93FFD96C1FFCDEFC03CCEB35FC" box="[825,897,917,941]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Leleup</collectorName>
|
||
, 1955
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="75E16418FFD96C1FFC29FC03CA0E35BA" collectionCode="MRAC" collectorName="Banyankimbona" country="Burundi" county="Kumana" location="Riv. Malagarazi" municipality="Ngomante" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCode="MRAC 2011.003" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="952FC63EFFD96C1FFC29FC03CBEC35FC" box="[974,1158,917,941]" collectionCode="MRAC" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="Museum">MRAC 2011.003</specimenCode>
|
||
.P.1902, one,
|
||
<quantity id="0271C3A0FFD96C1FFAE9FC03CA0335FD" box="[1294,1385,917,941]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.94" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="89.4">89.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL,
|
||
<location id="C056389EFFD96C1FFA7CFC03CCC0359D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4D20DF53FFD96C21FC41FEF2CD933332:C056389EFFD96C1FFA7CFC03CCC0359D" country="Burundi" county="Kumana" municipality="Ngomante" name="Riv. Malagarazi" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Riv. Malagarazi</location>
|
||
, colline
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="2552F43FFFD96C1FFBE6FC22CB05359D" box="[1025,1135,948,972]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Ngomante</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, sous-colline
|
||
<collectingCounty id="2C5716C9FFD96C1FFB1BFC22CA3F359A" box="[1276,1365,948,971]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Kumana</collectingCounty>
|
||
, passerelle Muremera,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BD9E2ED5FFD96C1FFC27FC45CB7D35BA" box="[960,1047,979,1003]" name="Burundi" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Burundi</collectingCountry>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="687C0B93FFD96C1FFB8BFC45CA7F35BA" box="[1132,1301,979,1003]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Banyankimbona</collectorName>
|
||
, 2010
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="75E16418FFD96C1FFA9DFC45CB0C3218" collectionCode="MRAC" collectorName="Banyankimbona" country="Burundi" county="Kumana" location="Riv. Malagarazi" municipality="Ngomante" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCode="MRAC 2011.003" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="952FC63EFFD96C1FFA9DFC45CCCA325A" collectionCode="MRAC" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="Museum">MRAC 2011.003</specimenCode>
|
||
.P.1901, one, 155.0 mm SL,
|
||
<location id="C056389EFFD96C1FFB2BFC65CA05325A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4D20DF53FFD96C21FC41FEF2CD933332:C056389EFFD96C1FFB2BFC65CA05325A" box="[1228,1391,1011,1035]" country="Burundi" county="Kumana" municipality="Ngomante" name="Riv. Malagarazi" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Riv. Malagarazi</location>
|
||
, colline
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="2552F43FFFD96C1FFCDEFB84CCCD327B" box="[825,935,1042,1066]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Ngomante</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, sous-colline
|
||
<collectingCounty id="2C5716C9FFD96C1FFBCBFB84CBEF3278" box="[1068,1157,1042,1065]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Kumana</collectingCounty>
|
||
, passerelle Muremera,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BD9E2ED5FFD96C1FFA80FB84CAD4327B" box="[1383,1470,1042,1066]" name="Burundi" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Burundi</collectingCountry>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="687C0B93FFD96C1FFC95FBA7CB713218" box="[882,1051,1073,1097]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Banyankimbona</collectorName>
|
||
, 2010
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="75E16418FFD96C1FFB9EFBA7CB0B32F6" collectionCode="MRAC" collectorName="Nyamwikinga & Banyankimbona" country="Burundi" county="Nyabantu" elevation="1000" location="Riv. Malagarazi" municipality="Mutwana" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCode="MRAC 2010.003" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="952FC63EFFD96C1FFB9EFBA7CA5D3218" box="[1145,1335,1073,1097]" collectionCode="MRAC" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="Museum">MRAC 2010.003</specimenCode>
|
||
.P.0427, one,
|
||
<quantity id="0271C3A0FFD96C1FFCDEFBC7CCCB3239" box="[825,929,1105,1129]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.821" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="182.1">182.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL,
|
||
<location id="C056389EFFD96C1FFC3EFBC7CB163238" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4D20DF53FFD96C21FC41FEF2CD933332:C056389EFFD96C1FFC3EFBC7CB163238" box="[985,1148,1105,1129]" country="Burundi" county="Nyabantu" municipality="Mutwana" name="Riv. Malagarazi" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Riv. Malagarazi</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="2552F43FFFD96C1FFB6DFBC7CB873239" box="[1162,1261,1105,1128]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Mutwana</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, parcelle
|
||
<collectingCounty id="2C5716C9FFD96C1FFAB0FBC7CAD43238" box="[1367,1470,1105,1129]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Nyabantu</collectingCounty>
|
||
, ±
|
||
<quantity id="0271C3A0FFD96C1FFCAFFBE6CCFC32D6" box="[840,918,1136,1160]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="1000.0">
|
||
<elevation id="4EA48976FFD96C1FFCAFFBE6CCFC32D6" box="[840,918,1136,1160]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
vers l’amont, ku kigazo kwa
|
||
<collectorName id="687C0B93FFD96C1FFB2DFBE6CA3132D9" box="[1226,1371,1136,1160]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Nyamwikinga</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BD9E2ED5FFD96C1FFA80FBE6CAD432D9" box="[1383,1470,1136,1160]" name="Burundi" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Burundi</collectingCountry>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="687C0B93FFD96C1FFC96FB19CB7032F6" box="[881,1050,1167,1191]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Banyankimbona</collectorName>
|
||
, 2009
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="75E16418FFD96C1FFB96FB06CAD432B7" collectionCode="NMW" collectorName="Reichard & Zimmermann & Polacik & Bartakova" country="Zambia" latitude="-8.476417" location="Ndole Bay" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="30.449915" municipality="Lake Tanganyika" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCode="NMW 100724" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="952FC63EFFD96C1FFB96FB06CA7B32F6" box="[1137,1297,1167,1191]" collectionCode="NMW" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7yt-hh77" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">NMW 100724</specimenCode>
|
||
, one, 121.0 mm SL,
|
||
<location id="C056389EFFD96C1FFC83FB39CCB93296" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4D20DF53FFD96C21FC41FEF2CD933332:C056389EFFD96C1FFC83FB39CCB93296" box="[868,979,1199,1223]" country="Zambia" latitude="-8.476417" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="30.449915" municipality="Lake Tanganyika" name="Ndole Bay" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Ndole Bay</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A0BD0882FFD96C1FFC03FB39CB353297" box="[996,1119,1197,1223]" degrees="8" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" precision="1" seconds="35.1" value="-8.476417">
|
||
8°28
|
||
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFD96C1FFBF1FB3BCB763297" box="[1046,1052,1197,1222]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
35.1″S
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A0BD0882FFD96C1FFB8BFB39CB9D3297" box="[1132,1271,1197,1223]" degrees="30" direction="east" minutes="26" orientation="longitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" precision="1" seconds="59.7" value="30.449915">
|
||
30°26
|
||
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFD96C1FFB4FFB3BCBC43297" box="[1192,1198,1197,1222]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
59.7″E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="2552F43FFFD96C1FFAECFB39CAD43296" box="[1291,1470,1199,1223]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Lake Tanganyika</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BD9E2ED5FFD96C1FFCDEFB58CCE032B7" box="[825,906,1230,1254]" name="Zambia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Zambia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="687C0B93FFD96C1FFC25FB58CB4B32B7" box="[962,1057,1230,1254]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Reichard</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="687C0B93FFD96C1FFBCEFB58CBD032B7" box="[1065,1210,1230,1254]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Zimmermann</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="687C0B93FFD96C1FFB25FB58CA6532B7" box="[1218,1295,1230,1254]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Polačik</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="687C0B93FFD96C1FFAF0FB58CAEA32B7" box="[1303,1408,1230,1254]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Bartáková</collectorName>
|
||
, 2021
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="75E16418FFD96C1FFCDEFB78CA193315" collectionCode="NMW" collectorName="Reichard & Blazek & Zimmermann & Bartakova" country="Zambia" latitude="-8.597872" location="Kalambo River" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="31.184155" municipality="Chipwa" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCode="NMW 100725" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="952FC63EFFD96C1FFCDEFB78CCBC3354" box="[825,982,1261,1285]" collectionCode="NMW" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7yt-hh77" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">NMW 100725</specimenCode>
|
||
, nine, 113.3–173.0 mm SL,
|
||
<location id="C056389EFFD96C1FFAE1FB7BCACF3354" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4D20DF53FFD96C21FC41FEF2CD933332:C056389EFFD96C1FFAE1FB7BCACF3354" box="[1286,1445,1261,1285]" country="Zambia" latitude="-8.597872" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="31.184155" municipality="Chipwa" name="Kalambo River" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Kalambo River</location>
|
||
at
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="2552F43FFFD96C1FFCDEFA9BCCE33374" box="[825,905,1293,1317]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Chipwa</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(fishermen) (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A0BD0882FFD96C1FFBCCFA9ACBDE3375" box="[1067,1204,1291,1316]" degrees="8" direction="south" minutes="35" orientation="latitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" precision="1" seconds="52.34" value="-8.597872">
|
||
8°35
|
||
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFD96C1FFBBAFA9DCB093375" box="[1117,1123,1291,1316]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
52.34″S
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A0BD0882FFD96C1FFB20FA9BCA383375" box="[1223,1362,1291,1317]" degrees="31" direction="east" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" precision="1" seconds="2.96" value="31.184155">
|
||
31°11
|
||
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFD96C1FFAE4FA9DCA633375" box="[1283,1289,1291,1316]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
2.96″E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BD9E2ED5FFD96C1FFA8AFA9BCAD43374" box="[1389,1470,1293,1317]" name="Zambia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Zambia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="687C0B93FFD96C1FFC8AFABACCA63315" box="[877,972,1324,1348]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Reichard</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="687C0B93FFD96C1FFC3FFABACB773315" box="[984,1053,1324,1348]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Blažek</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="687C0B93FFD96C1FFBCDFABACBD13315" box="[1066,1211,1324,1348]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Zimmermann</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="687C0B93FFD96C1FFB20FABACA5A3315" box="[1223,1328,1324,1348]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Bartáková</collectorName>
|
||
, 2022
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="75E16418FFD96C1FFA98FABACA083390" collectionCode="NMW" collectorName="Blazek & Zimmermann & Bartakova & Polacik & Koch" country="Zambia" latitude="-8.623584" location="Kalambo Falls" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="31.19986" municipality="Lake Tanganyika" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCode="NMW 100726, NMW 100785" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="952FC63EFFD96C1FFA98FABACCE33332" collectionCode="NMW" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7yt-hh77" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">NMW 100726</specimenCode>
|
||
, four,
|
||
<quantity id="0271C3A0FFD96C1FFC2DFADDCB063332" box="[970,1132,1355,1379]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.125" metricValueMax="1.291" metricValueMin="0.959" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="112.5" valueMax="129.1" valueMin="95.9">95.9–129.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL (and one C&S specimen in a separate jar,
|
||
<quantity id="0271C3A0FFD96C1FFC50FAFCCB7833D3" box="[951,1042,1386,1410]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.58" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="85.8">85.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL,
|
||
<specimenCode id="952FC63EFFD96C1FFBD8FAFDCBB033D3" box="[1087,1242,1386,1410]" collectionCode="NMW" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7yt-hh77" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">NMW 100785</specimenCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<location id="C056389EFFD96C1FFB0CFAFDCA1733D2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4D20DF53FFD96C21FC41FEF2CD933332:C056389EFFD96C1FFB0CFAFDCA1733D2" box="[1259,1405,1387,1411]" country="Zambia" latitude="-8.623584" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="31.19986" municipality="Lake Tanganyika" name="Kalambo Falls" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Kalambo Falls</location>
|
||
Lodge (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A0BD0882FFD96C1FFCA6FA1CCCD633F3" box="[833,956,1416,1442]" degrees="8" direction="south" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" precision="1" seconds="24.9" value="-8.623584">
|
||
8°37
|
||
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFD96C1FFC94FA1ECC1333F0" box="[883,889,1416,1441]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
24.9″S
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A0BD0882FFD96C1FFC2AFA1CCB3D33F3" box="[973,1111,1416,1442]" degrees="31" direction="east" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" precision="1" seconds="59.5" value="31.19986">
|
||
31°11
|
||
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFD96C1FFBEEFA1ECB6533F0" box="[1033,1039,1416,1441]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">ʹ</emphasis>
|
||
59.5″E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="2552F43FFFD96C1FFB88FA1CCA4C33F3" box="[1135,1318,1418,1442]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Lake Tanganyika</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BD9E2ED5FFD96C1FFAD1FA1CCAED33F3" box="[1334,1415,1418,1442]" name="Zambia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Zambia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="687C0B93FFD96C1FFCDEFA3FCC143390" box="[825,894,1449,1473]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Blažek</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="687C0B93FFD96C1FFC60FA3FCB723390" box="[903,1048,1449,1473]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Zimmermann</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="687C0B93FFD96C1FFBC6FA3FCBE03390" box="[1057,1162,1449,1473]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Bartáková</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="687C0B93FFD96C1FFB74FA3FCB8A3390" box="[1171,1248,1449,1473]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Polačik</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="687C0B93FFD96C1FFB0EFA3FCA483390" box="[1257,1314,1449,1473]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Koch</collectorName>
|
||
, 2022
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8D933DCEFFD96C1FFCDEFA42CBD93154" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="C5366E45FFD96C1FFCDEFA42CBD93154" blockId="30.[825,1475,1491,1797]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFD96C1FFCDEFA42CBCF33BA" box="[825,1189,1491,1515]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
Diagnosis:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="028915C6FFD96C1FFC56FA45CBCF33BA" authorityName="Boulenger, 1906: 553 (Boulenger" authorityYear="1906" box="[945,1189,1491,1515]" family="Mochokidae" genus="Synodontis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostictus">Synodontis melanostictus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is distinguished from congeners in the LT basin by a unique combination of characters: axillary pore absent; no granular papillae on head, body, and fins; dorsal spine unpigmented, only its flexible tip pigmented and black; anal fin with abundant brown spots; 23–38 (median 31) mandibular teeth, commonly arranged in four symmetric rows of replacement teeth; 34–64 (median 46) primary premaxillary teeth; 4–7 (median 6) secondary branches on inner mandibular barbels; and 41–44 (median 42) total vertebrae, with 22–24 (median 23) caudal vertebrae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8D933DCEFFD96C21FCDEF88DCD4A346E" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="C5366E45FFD96C1FFCDEF88DCBD431FE" blockId="30.[825,1474,1818,1967]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFD96C1FFCDEF88DCCDA3163" box="[825,944,1819,1842]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Description:</emphasis>
|
||
The general appearance of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="028915C6FFD96C1FFB2EF88CCA093163" authorityName="Boulenger, 1906: 553 (Boulenger" authorityYear="1906" box="[1225,1379,1818,1842]" family="Mochokidae" genus="Synodontis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFD96C1FFB2EF88CCA093163" box="[1225,1379,1818,1842]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">S. melanostictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="5DB272C0FFD96C1FFCB4F8AFCCDE3100" box="[851,948,1849,1873]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="31.[113,178,1096,1120]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,1067]" captionTargetId="figure-456@31.[146,1426,143,1067]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 14. General appearance of Synodontis melanostictus and shape of humeral process (inset: white outline). A, NMW 100724 (specimen 21-ZM-252), 121.0 mm SL, Ndole Bay, Lake Tanganyika. B, BMNH 1906.9.8.72, 237.0 mm SL, holotype, S. melanostictus, Lofu, Lake Tanganyika basin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14453799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14453799/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Figure 14</figureCitation>
|
||
and Supporting Information,
|
||
<figureCitation id="5DB272C0FFD96C1FFB03F8AFCA393100" box="[1252,1363,1849,1873]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="22.[129,194,1383,1407]" captionTargetBox="[162,1442,145,1355]" captionTargetId="figure-264@22.[161,1443,144,1356]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 10. General appearance of Synodontis petricola and shape of humeral process (inset: white outline). A, ‘petricola phenotype’, NMW 100713 (specimen 23-TZ-56), 111.0 mm SL, Nondwa Point, Kigoma.B, ‘lucipinnis phenotype’, NMW 100715 (specimen 23-TZ-41), 114.2 mm SL, Hilltop, Kigoma. C, ‘dark phenotype’, NMW 100710 (specimen 22-ZM-531), 78.5 mm SL, Kalambo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14453789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14453789/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Figure S10</figureCitation>
|
||
; axial skeletons in Supporting Information,
|
||
<figureCitation id="5DB272C0FFD96C1FFB46F8CFCA5D3121" box="[1185,1335,1881,1905]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="18.[129,194,1615,1639]" captionTargetBox="[161,1441,144,1587]" captionTargetId="figure-134@18.[161,1441,144,1587]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 8. General appearance of Synodontis multipunctatus and shape of humeral process (inset: white outline). A, NMW 100756 (specimen 23-TZ-331), 116.3 mm SL, Cape Kabogo. B, BMNH 1898.9.9.76, holotype, S.multipunctatus, 222.5 mm SL, Sumbu. C, BMNH 1936.6.15.1206-1226, 214.9 mm SL, Kibanga Bay." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14453783" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14453783/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Figure S8O, P</figureCitation>
|
||
; and relative measurements, meristic counts, and coded characters are given in Supporting Information, Table S12.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="91F63ECDFFD86C1EFF96FBDECE7132C9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14453799" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14453799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14453799/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" startId="31.[113,178,1096,1120]" targetBox="[146,1426,144,1067]" targetPageId="31" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="C5366E45FFD86C1EFF96FBDECE7132C9" blockId="31.[113,1427,1096,1176]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFD86C1EFF96FBDECFBC3231" bold="true" box="[113,214,1096,1120]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Figure 14.</emphasis>
|
||
General appearance of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="028915C6FFD86C1EFE55FBDECDF93231" authorityName="Boulenger, 1906: 553 (Boulenger" authorityYear="1906" box="[434,659,1096,1120]" family="Mochokidae" genus="Synodontis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFD86C1EFE55FBDECDF93231" box="[434,659,1096,1120]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Synodontis melanostictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and shape of humeral process (inset: white outline). A, NMW 100724 (specimen 21-ZM-252), 121.0 mm SL, Ndole Bay, Lake Tanganyika. B,
|
||
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFD86C1EFD4BFBF3CC0D322D" box="[684,871,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">BMNH 1906.9.8.72</emphasis>
|
||
, 237.0 mm SL, holotype,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="028915C6FFD86C1EFBBDFBF2CA32322D" authority=", Lofu, Lake" authorityName="Lofu, Lake" box="[1114,1368,1124,1148]" family="Mochokidae" genus="Synodontis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFD86C1EFBBDFBF2CB82322D" box="[1114,1256,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">S. melanostictus</emphasis>
|
||
, Lofu, Lake
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Tanganyika basin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="C5366E45FFD86C1EFF6AFB5ECDB03069" blockId="31.[113,763,1224,1969]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
Longest examined specimen 237.0 mm SL (undetermined sex,
|
||
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFD86C1EFF47FB7ECE0432AE" box="[160,366,1255,1279]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">BMNH 1906.9.8.72</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<typeStatus id="1A32D0E7FFD86C1EFE9CFB71CEB732AE" box="[379,477,1255,1279]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
). Body slender, moderately compressed laterally. Dorsal head profile and predorsal back rising straight to dorsal-fin origin at an angle of 21° (against midline of body). Postdorsal profile falling straight or slightly concave to adipose fin origin and slightly convex to caudal-fin origin. Body depth at anal-fin insertion slightly shorter than body depth at dorsal-fin origin. Head dorsoventrally compressed; depth at posterior eye margin usually smaller than maximal cranium width. Snout usually longer than half of head length. Mouth subterminal, with abundant papillae on lips; width 72.1%–91.6% of snout length. Eye diameter usually one-third of snout length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C5366E45FFD86C1EFF6AF9D6CD9930A5" blockId="31.[113,763,1224,1969]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
Abundant non-granular papillae on head, extending on body and fins. Thick layer of mucus covering skin in first two-thirds of body on lateral side. Occipitonuchal shield and humeral process deeply rugose and of granular texture. Humeral process broad and triangular in shape, upper margin usually concave; maximal depth 31.7%–44.7% (
|
||
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFD86C1EFEB7F94BCE0930A5" box="[336,355,1757,1780]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 5) of its length. Axillary pore absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C5366E45FFD86C1EFF6AF96ACC993026" blockId="31.[113,763,1224,1969]" lastBlockId="31.[810,1460,1224,1968]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
Adipose fin well demarcated, its highest point usually above dorsal-fin origin; basal length 27.8%–34.5% SL, extending over 55.2%–68.8% of distance between dorsal-fin insertion and end of caudal peduncle. Adipose-fin insertion close to end of caudal peduncle. Dorsal fin with two unbranched and seven branched rays; dorsal spine densely serrated on lower anterior edge, poorly marked serrations on upper anterior edge, posterior edge with 9–12 serrae; length of dorsal spine, excluding upper flexible part, 79.2%–100.0% of head length. Anal fin with five unbranched rays and eight or nine branched rays; longest rays reaching beyond level of posterior edge of adipose fin. Pelvic fin with a single unbranched ray and six branched rays. Pectoral fin with a single unbranched ray and commonly nine branched rays; pectoral spine densely serrated on anterior (30–45 serrae) and posterior (13–24 serrae) edges. Pectoral fin longer than pectoral–pelvic distance and reaching above pelvic-fin origin in folded position. Caudal fin forked, with 2 + 15 principal rays; number of upper procurrent rays (10– 12, median 11,
|
||
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFD86C1EFC2CF9D6CCB43006" box="[971,990,1600,1623]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 6) less than lower procurrent rays (10–13, median 13,
|
||
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFD86C1EFC43F9F6CCDD3026" box="[932,951,1632,1655]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 5).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C5366E45FFD86C1EFCA2F9E8CAC530A5" blockId="31.[810,1460,1224,1968]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
Mandibular teeth 23–38 (median 31,
|
||
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFD86C1EFB0EF9E9CB9630C7" box="[1257,1276,1663,1686]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 25) (
|
||
<typeStatus id="1A32D0E7FFD86C1EFAB5F9E8CAD930C7" box="[1362,1459,1662,1686]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
28), unicuspid, arranged in four or six symmetric rows of replacement teeth. Primary premaxillary teeth 34–64 (median 46,
|
||
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFD86C1EFCCDF94BCC5730A5" box="[810,829,1757,1780]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 46) (
|
||
<typeStatus id="1A32D0E7FFD86C1EFC6BF94ACC8730A5" box="[908,1005,1756,1780]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
62), arranged in two or three irregular rows.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C5366E45FFD86C1EFCA2F96ACCB131E1" blockId="31.[810,1460,1224,1968]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
Maxillary barbels long, reaching beyond pectoral-fin insertion. Outer mandibular barbels 48.0%–104.8% of head length, with 5–11 (median 8,
|
||
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFD86C1EFBC7F8ADCB593103" box="[1056,1075,1851,1874]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 26) primary branches; secondary branches absent. Inner mandibular barbels with 9–12 (median 10,
|
||
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFD86C1EFCA8F8ECCC0831C0" box="[847,866,1914,1937]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 26) primary branches and 4–7 (median 6,
|
||
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFD86C1EFAD6F8ECCA2E31C0" box="[1329,1348,1914,1937]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 26) secondary branches.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C5366E45FFE76C21FF7BFF06CDC737D2" blockId="32.[126,780,144,575]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
Lateral-linecanalsossified,extendingbeyondposteriormargin of last complex centrum.
|
||
<specimenCount id="D38FA5CCFFE76C21FE62FF39CD713696" box="[389,539,175,199]" count="1" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="generic">One specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
(NMW 100785) with 87 ossified canals. Frontal fontanel (examined in
|
||
<specimenCount id="D38FA5CCFFE76C21FD9FFF59CC6D36B6" box="[632,775,207,231]" count="1" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="0271C3A0FFE76C21FF66FF78CFB13754" box="[129,219,238,262]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.58" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="85.8">85.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL, NMW 100785) originating at centre between eyes and extending beyond posterior margin of mesethmoid; shape oval and narrow, anterior and posterior margins rounded; length shorter than interorbital distance between frontal margins; resembling state B in the paper by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A11813B4FFE76C21FE2FFEFDCD3837D2" author="Pinton A" box="[456,594,363,387]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refId="ref35389" refString="Pinton A. Anatomie, systematique et phylogenie de poissons Synodontis actuels et fossiles (Siluriformes, Mochokidae): implications dans la paleobiogeographie intracontinentale neogene d'Afrique. Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, University of Poitiers, 2008." type="book" year="2008">Pinton (2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 15).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C5366E45FFE76C21FF7BFE1DCFB73450" blockId="32.[126,780,144,575]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
Total vertebrae 41–44 (median 42,
|
||
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFE76C21FDF6FE1DCD4E37F3" box="[529,548,395,418]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 26) (
|
||
<typeStatus id="1A32D0E7FFE76C21FD91FE1DCDBD37F2" box="[630,727,395,419]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
42), abdominal vertebrae 19–20 (median 19), preanal caudal vertebrae 2–4 (median 3), and postanal caudal vertebrae 19–21 (median 20).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C5366E45FFE76C21FF7BFD9ECD4A346E" blockId="32.[126,780,144,575]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
Length of digestive tract (not stretched) ~136%–174% (mean 151%) of SL (
|
||
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFE76C21FEF6FDBECE4E346E" box="[273,292,552,575]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 4, 95.9–
|
||
<quantity id="0271C3A0FFE76C21FE73FDB1CE84346E" box="[404,494,551,575]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.29" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="12.9">12.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8D933DCEFFE76C21FF66FDF7CFBC323F" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C5366E45FFE76C21FF66FDF7CE2C3522" blockId="32.[128,779,609,1134]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFE76C21FF66FDF7CF9A3428" box="[129,240,609,633]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Coloration:</emphasis>
|
||
In life (Supporting Information,
|
||
<figureCitation id="5DB272C0FFE76C21FD87FDF7CDD33428" box="[608,697,609,633]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="22.[129,194,1383,1407]" captionTargetBox="[162,1442,145,1355]" captionTargetId="figure-264@22.[161,1443,144,1356]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 10. General appearance of Synodontis petricola and shape of humeral process (inset: white outline). A, ‘petricola phenotype’, NMW 100713 (specimen 23-TZ-56), 111.0 mm SL, Nondwa Point, Kigoma.B, ‘lucipinnis phenotype’, NMW 100715 (specimen 23-TZ-41), 114.2 mm SL, Hilltop, Kigoma. C, ‘dark phenotype’, NMW 100710 (specimen 22-ZM-531), 78.5 mm SL, Kalambo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14453789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14453789/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. S10</figureCitation>
|
||
), body coloration usually brownish grey, sometimes yellowish. Head, body, and fins covered with abundant black or dark brown spots of variable size/shape; spots smallest and most dense on head, less abundant or absent on ventral side. Smaller specimens with larger and less numerous spots. Dorsal spine unpigmented, only its flexible tip pigmented and black. Maxillary and mandibular barbels usually unpigmented, base of maxillary barbels pigmented and darker.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C5366E45FFE76C21FF7BFCEDCEA935A0" blockId="32.[128,779,609,1134]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
In formalin (initial fixation) and later transferred to 75% ethanol (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5DB272C0FFE76C21FF38FC0CCE5D35E3" box="[223,311,922,946]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="31.[113,178,1096,1120]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,1067]" captionTargetId="figure-456@31.[146,1426,143,1067]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 14. General appearance of Synodontis melanostictus and shape of humeral process (inset: white outline). A, NMW 100724 (specimen 21-ZM-252), 121.0 mm SL, Ndole Bay, Lake Tanganyika. B, BMNH 1906.9.8.72, 237.0 mm SL, holotype, S. melanostictus, Lofu, Lake Tanganyika basin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14453799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14453799/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 14A</figureCitation>
|
||
), body and fins dark brown, greyish, or light cream in colour. Spots dark brown or grey. Maxillary and mandibular barbels cream coloured.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C5366E45FFE76C21FF7BFC6ECFBC323F" blockId="32.[128,779,609,1134]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
After long-term preservation in 75% ethanol (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5DB272C0FFE76C21FD90FC6ECDA63241" box="[631,716,1016,1040]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="31.[113,178,1096,1120]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,144,1067]" captionTargetId="figure-456@31.[146,1426,143,1067]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 14. General appearance of Synodontis melanostictus and shape of humeral process (inset: white outline). A, NMW 100724 (specimen 21-ZM-252), 121.0 mm SL, Ndole Bay, Lake Tanganyika. B, BMNH 1906.9.8.72, 237.0 mm SL, holotype, S. melanostictus, Lofu, Lake Tanganyika basin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14453799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14453799/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 14B</figureCitation>
|
||
), historical specimens brown or cream in colour, lighter on ventral side; brown spots visible on head, dorsal and lateral side of body, and fins.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8D933DCEFFE76C21FF66FB19CD933332" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="C5366E45FFE76C21FF66FB19CD933332" blockId="32.[129,779,1167,1379]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFE76C21FF66FB19CE1032F6" box="[129,378,1167,1191]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Distribution and habitat:</emphasis>
|
||
Endemic to the basin of LT (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5DB272C0FFE76C21FD59FB19CD9332F6" box="[702,761,1167,1191]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[113,178,1592,1616]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,1563]" captionTargetId="graphics-191@3.[127,1422,144,1563]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Map of the Lake Tanganyika basin, including distinct deep-water basins (northern, central, and southern basins) and sampling sites of all examined specimens.Taxonomic diversity of Synodontis species is based on the studies by Poll (1971) and Wright and Page (2006)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14453765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14453765/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
), where it is reported from the lower reaches of tributaries (e.g. Petite Rusizi, Malagarasi, Kalambo, and Lufubu) and the littoral zone of the lake. Uncertain occurrence in Lake Mweru Wantipa. We observed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="028915C6FFE76C21FEF5FA9BCEDA3374" box="[274,432,1293,1317]" family="Mochokidae" genus="Synodontis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7FDB257FFE76C21FEF5FA9BCEDA3374" box="[274,432,1293,1317]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">S. melanostictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the littoral zone near aquatic macrophytes over sandy or muddy bottom. The species seems to be nocturnal and might be most abundant in river estuaries.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |