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<mods:title id="EB10C6E8257DFC94EF4B555B01FCE056">Nymphs of the Northeastern Nearctic Species of Neoleptophlebia Kluge, 1997 and Paraleptophlebia Lestage, 1917 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae)</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="C46F7C09517A4827FF6F651E0907A939" blockId="7.[151,928,1589,1687]" box="[151,778,1589,1616]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<heading id="9F27CB65517A4827FF6F651E0907A939" bold="true" box="[151,778,1589,1616]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="4">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="E4C05B27517A4827FF6F651E0907A939" box="[151,778,1589,1616]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<treatmentCitation id="45715A18517A4827FF6F651E0907A939" author="McDunnough, J." box="[151,778,1589,1616]" page="61" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1929">
<taxonomicName id="03D0078A517A4827FF6F651E0907A939" authority="(McDunnough, 1929: 61)" authorityName="Litchfield Litchfield Middlesex Middlesex Middlesex" baseAuthorityName="McDunnough" baseAuthorityPageNumber="61" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[151,778,1589,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Neoleptophlebia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adoptiva">
<emphasis id="F6A4A01B517A4827FF6F651E0907A939" bold="true" box="[151,778,1589,1616]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="F6A4A01B517A4827FF6F651E0BC6A926" bold="true" box="[151,459,1589,1616]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Neoleptophlebia adoptiva</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A04101F8517A4827FE21651E090CA939" author="McDunnough, J." box="[473,769,1589,1615]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="169 - 180" refId="ref23554" refString="McDunnough, J. (1929) Notes on North American Ephemeroptera with descriptions of new species. II. The Canadian Entomologist, 61, 169 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 61169 - 8" type="journal article" year="1929">McDunnough, 1929: 61</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="8CCA2F82517A4827FF3F65720998A9E1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="C46F7C09517A4827FF3F657209ADA905" blockId="7.[151,928,1589,1687]" box="[199,928,1625,1651]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="03D0078A517A4827FF3F657208A1A905" authority="McDunnough, 1929" authorityName="McDunnough" authorityYear="1929" box="[199,684,1625,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Leptophlebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adoptiva">
<emphasis id="F6A4A01B517A4827FF3F65720BC9A905" box="[199,452,1625,1651]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Leptophlebia adoptiva</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A04101F8517A4827FE33657208A1A905" author="McDunnough, J." box="[459,684,1625,1651]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="169 - 180" refId="ref23554" refString="McDunnough, J. (1929) Notes on North American Ephemeroptera with descriptions of new species. II. The Canadian Entomologist, 61, 169 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 61169 - 8" type="journal article" year="1929">McDunnough, 1929</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(original description)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C46F7C09517A4827FF3F65560998A9E1" blockId="7.[151,928,1589,1687]" box="[199,917,1661,1687]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="03D0078A517A4827FF3F655608E2A9E1" ID-CoL="4CYMG" authority="(McDunnough, 1929)" baseAuthorityName="McDunnough" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[199,751,1661,1687]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Paraleptophlebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adoptiva">
<emphasis id="F6A4A01B517A4827FF3F65560BF9A9E1" box="[199,500,1661,1687]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Paraleptophlebia adoptiva</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A04101F8517A4827FDFB655608EAA9E1" author="McDunnough, J." box="[515,743,1661,1687]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="169 - 180" refId="ref23554" refString="McDunnough, J. (1929) Notes on North American Ephemeroptera with descriptions of new species. II. The Canadian Entomologist, 61, 169 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 61169 - 8" type="journal article" year="1929">McDunnough, 1929</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(combination)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8CCA2F82517A4828FF6F65E90957ACF7" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
<paragraph id="C46F7C09517A4827FF6F65E90E1FA9AC" blockId="7.[151,1042,1730,1754]" box="[151,1042,1730,1754]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Description of Nymph:
<bibRefCitation id="A04101F8517A4827FE7165E90815A9AC" author="Ide, F. P." box="[393,536,1730,1754]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="204 - 213" refId="ref22769" refString="Ide, F. P. (1930) Contribution to the biology of Ontario mayflies with descriptions of new species. The Canadian Entomologist, 62, 204 - 213 + 218 - 231. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 62218 - 10" type="journal article" year="1930">Ide 1930: 209</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="A04101F8517A4827FDDB65E908D2A9AC" author="Gordon, E. L." box="[547,735,1730,1754]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="116 - 134" refId="ref22169" refString="Gordon, E. L. (1933) Notes on the ephemerid genus Leptophlebia. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, 28 (3), 116 - 134." type="journal article" year="1933">Gordon 1933: 123</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="A04101F8517A4827FD1265E90E1FA9AC" author="Leonard, J. W. &amp; Leonard, F. A." box="[746,1042,1730,1754]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 139" refId="ref23142" refString="Leonard, J. W. &amp; Leonard, F. A. (1962) Mayflies of Michigan trout streams. Cranbrook Institute Science Bulletin, 43, 1 - 139." type="journal article" year="1962">Leonard &amp; Leonard 1962: 73</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C46F7C09517A4828FF6F64230EF5AE83" blockId="7.[151,1436,1800,2042]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,897]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Nymphs of
<taxonomicName id="03D0078A517A4827FEEE64220B9BA854" baseAuthorityName="McDunnough" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[278,406,1800,1826]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Paraleptophlebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adoptiva">
<emphasis id="F6A4A01B517A4827FEEE64220B9BA854" box="[278,406,1800,1826]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N. adoptiva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are relatively large and conspicuous compared to those of the other species of
<taxonomicName id="03D0078A517A4827FB1B64230F91A854" authorityName="Kluge" authorityYear="1997" box="[1251,1436,1800,1826]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Neoleptophlebia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F6A4A01B517A4827FB1B64230F91A854" box="[1251,1436,1800,1826]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Neoleptophlebia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the study region. Among the northeastern species of
<taxonomicName id="03D0078A517A4827FCFA640709B6A830" authorityName="Kluge" authorityYear="1997" box="[770,955,1836,1862]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Neoleptophlebia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F6A4A01B517A4827FCFA640709B6A830" box="[770,955,1836,1862]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Neoleptophlebia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, nymphs of
<taxonomicName id="03D0078A517A4827FBB064060EC6A830" baseAuthorityName="McDunnough" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[1096,1227,1836,1862]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Paraleptophlebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adoptiva">
<emphasis id="F6A4A01B517A4827FBB064060EC6A830" box="[1096,1227,1836,1862]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">N. adoptiva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be recognized by the combination of having sharp posterolateral projections only on abdominal segment IX (
<figureCitation id="5CEB608C517A4827FB2C647B0F25A81C" box="[1236,1320,1872,1898]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="5.[151,212,1929,1953]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,179,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[203,1385,179,1903]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGS. 14: gills and abdominal tergites VIIIX of Neoleptophlebia and Paraleptophlebia nymphs. 1. N. adoptiva gill 4, 2. P. praepedita gill 4, 3a. N. assimilis tergites VIIIX, 3b P. praepedita tergites VIIIX, 3c. P. volitans tergites VIIIX, 3d. P. moerens tergites VIIIX, 4a. N. adoptiva tergites VIIIX, 4b. P. guttata tergites VIIIX." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13917931" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13917931/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4a</figureCitation>
); the base of mandibular incisors of the left mandible not extended above its anterior margin (
<figureCitation id="5CEB608C517A4827FBC7645F0E9DA8F9" box="[1087,1168,1908,1935]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="9.[151,212,1863,1887]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,181,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-15@9.[183,1404,181,1840]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGS. 58: mouthparts and dorsal view of the head of Neoleptophlebia nymphs. 5a. right mandible (ventral view) of N.adoptiva, 5b Left mandible (ventral view) of N. adoptiva 6. dorsal view of head of N. adoptiva, 7a. right mandible (ventral view) of N. mollis, 7b-c. left mandible (ventral view) of two N. mollis specimens showing differences in position of outer incisors, 8. dorsal view of head of N. mollis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13917933" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13917933/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5b</figureCitation>
) and incisors of the left mandible not strongly curved inward; and the large, somewhat rectangular, pale spot anterior to the median ocellus on the frons of the head capsule (
<figureCitation id="5CEB608C517A4827FDEE64970851A8A0" box="[534,604,1980,2006]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="9.[151,212,1863,1887]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,181,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-15@9.[183,1404,181,1840]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGS. 58: mouthparts and dorsal view of the head of Neoleptophlebia nymphs. 5a. right mandible (ventral view) of N.adoptiva, 5b Left mandible (ventral view) of N. adoptiva 6. dorsal view of head of N. adoptiva, 7a. right mandible (ventral view) of N. mollis, 7b-c. left mandible (ventral view) of two N. mollis specimens showing differences in position of outer incisors, 8. dorsal view of head of N. mollis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13917933" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13917933/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). These characters seem consistent on nymphs from mid-development to the final instar. The posterolateral projections on abdominal segment IX are clear throughout development, but on some late instar nymphs the corners of the segment VIII tergite can appear to be somewhat acute giving the false impression that a posterolateral projection is present. Thus, simply having an acute tip to the corner of tergite VIII is not to be interpreted as a posterolateral projection. Correct interpretation of the mandibular incisor character requires locating the anterior margin of the mandible between the molar surface and the incisors. If a line drawn across the anterior margin would pass through or very close to the bases of the incisors, then the incisors are not considered to extend beyond the anterior margin. Although the incisor character can be observed on both mandibles (
<figureCitation id="5CEB608C51754828FF6762440B1EAEFF" box="[159,275,366,393]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="9.[151,212,1863,1887]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,181,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-15@9.[183,1404,181,1840]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGS. 58: mouthparts and dorsal view of the head of Neoleptophlebia nymphs. 5a. right mandible (ventral view) of N.adoptiva, 5b Left mandible (ventral view) of N. adoptiva 6. dorsal view of head of N. adoptiva, 7a. right mandible (ventral view) of N. mollis, 7b-c. left mandible (ventral view) of two N. mollis specimens showing differences in position of outer incisors, 8. dorsal view of head of N. mollis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13917933" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13917933/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 5a,b</figureCitation>
), it is best observed on the left mandible for comparative purposes with other species of this genus. Moreover, because the incisors of the left mandible are not extended beyond the anterior margin, they also do not distinctly curve inward. Mandibles can be observed without slide mounting by carefully using a pin-probe to severe the outer articulation point on each mandible, thus allowing them to be rotated outward for viewing.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C46F7C0951754828FF3F62D408ADAD87" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,897]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="03D0078A51754828FF3F62D40BE7AD6F" authorityName="Litchfield Litchfield Middlesex Middlesex Middlesex" baseAuthorityName="McDunnough" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[199,490,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Neoleptophlebia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adoptiva">
<emphasis id="F6A4A01B51754828FF3F62D40BE7AD6F" box="[199,490,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Neoleptophlebia adoptiva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is widely distributed with records in 12** of the 14 states and provinces (
<tableCitation id="895249B251754828FACE62D40F82AD6F" box="[1334,1423,511,537]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="12.[152,244,656,680]" captionText="TABLE 2. Regional distribution of northeastern Nearctic Neoleptophlebia and Paraleptophlebia species. Geographic" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Table 2</tableCitation>
). Only RI and PE** currently lack records. The presence of
<taxonomicName id="03D0078A51754828FCC8610809B9AD4B" authorityName="Litchfield Litchfield Middlesex Middlesex Middlesex" baseAuthorityName="McDunnough" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[816,948,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Neoleptophlebia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adoptiva">
<emphasis id="F6A4A01B51754828FCC8610809B9AD4B" box="[816,948,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">N. adoptiva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in NL-I indicates that dispersal to offshore islands is possible and the lack of records from other areas is likely the result of sampling effort. The widespread distribution of
<taxonomicName id="03D0078A51754828FEBA61400BCBADF3" authorityName="Litchfield Litchfield Middlesex Middlesex Middlesex" baseAuthorityName="McDunnough" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[322,454,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Neoleptophlebia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adoptiva">
<emphasis id="F6A4A01B51754828FEBA61400BCBADF3" box="[322,454,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">N. adoptiva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the result of its ability to make use of suitable microhabitats in both small streams and larger rivers. Thus, because
<taxonomicName id="03D0078A51754828FDF161A40880ADDF" authorityName="Litchfield Litchfield Middlesex Middlesex Middlesex" baseAuthorityName="McDunnough" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[521,653,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Neoleptophlebia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adoptiva">
<emphasis id="F6A4A01B51754828FDF161A40880ADDF" box="[521,653,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">N. adoptiva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in such a wide range of stream habitats it is likely one of the most secure species in this genus across its range with regards to changes in regional hydrology predicted to occur because of climate change (
<bibRefCitation id="A04101F851754828FE3461FC0899AD87" author="Hicke, J. A. &amp; Lucatello, S. &amp; Mortsch, L. D. &amp; Dawson, J. &amp; Dominguez Aguilar, M. &amp; Enquist, C. A. F. &amp; Gilmore, E. A. &amp; Gutzler, D. S. &amp; Harper, S. &amp; Holsman, K. &amp; Jewett, E. B. &amp; Kohler, T. A. &amp; Miller, K. A." box="[460,660,727,753]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1929 - 2042" refId="ref22486" refString="Hicke, J. A., Lucatello, S., Mortsch, L. D., Dawson, J., Dominguez Aguilar, M., Enquist, C. A. F., Gilmore, E. A., Gutzler, D. S., Harper, S., Holsman, K., Jewett, E. B., Kohler, T. A. &amp; Miller, K. A. (2022) Chapter 14: North America. In: Portner, H. - O., Roberts, D. C., Tignor, M., Poloczanska, E. S., Mintenbeck, K., Alegria, A., Craig, M., Langsdorf, S., Loschke, S., Moller, V., Okem, A. &amp; Rama, B. (Eds). Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York, pp. 1929 - 2042. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / 9781009325844.016" type="book chapter" year="2022">
Hicke
<emphasis id="F6A4A01B51754828FDE061FC085DAD87" box="[536,592,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
2022
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C46F7C0951754828FF3F61D00957ACF7" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,897]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
[**—Records of
<taxonomicName id="03D0078A51754828FE7561D0081CAC63" authorityName="Litchfield Litchfield Middlesex Middlesex Middlesex" baseAuthorityName="McDunnough" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[397,529,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Neoleptophlebia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adoptiva">
<emphasis id="F6A4A01B51754828FE7561D0081CAC63" box="[397,529,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">N. adoptiva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for PE, not reviewed here, were discovered after this study was completed and reported as
<taxonomicName id="03D0078A51754828FEE460340804AC4F" box="[284,521,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Paraleptophlebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="F6A4A01B51754828FEE460340BEDAC4F" box="[284,480,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Paraleptophlebia</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
in: Eedy, R.I., &amp; D.J. Giberson (2007) Macroinvertebrate distribution in a reach of a north temperate eastern Canadian river: Relative importance of detritus, substrate and flow. Fundamental and Applied Limnology (Archiv für Hydrobiologie) 169: 101-114.]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>