418 lines
40 KiB
XML
418 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document id="836907B2F953A924415B5A60D0D3ACFA" ID-DOI="10.5091/plecevo.127131" ID-publisher-id="127131" URI-arpha="2F0FA37B-4B81-5DEE-8071-FE5826E3ADD7" XM.bibliography_approvedBy="admin" XM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1726129505091" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Mesterházy, Attila, Reynders, Marc & Ngoy Shutcha, Mylor" docDate="2024" docId="4BD0A90BF322546096C80ED7BA6EB48B" docLanguage="en" docName="Plant Ecology and Evolution 157(3): 336-342" docOrigin="Plant Ecology and Evolution 157 (3)" docSource="https://plecevo.eu/article/127131/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Cyperus kilelai Mesterhazy & Reynders 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="342" masterDocId="2F0FA37B4B815DEE8071FE5826E3ADD7" masterDocTitle="Cyperus kilelai (Cyperaceae), a new species from a thermal spring in Katanga (Democratic Republic of the Congo)" masterLastPageNumber="342" masterPageNumber="336" pageNumber="336" updateTime="1726162066407" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:mods id="6CA53314DCC0F2238819C9C2AD69AAF5" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="040245981E31FF349D32EBD2543DBAEE">
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<mods:title id="F8651003DB86CC8895437AE75287D33B">Cyperus kilelai (Cyperaceae), a new species from a thermal spring in Katanga (Democratic Republic of the Congo)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="DCD7F45F638274D16A342F087978EE34" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="DDB56F120C40F7F8BC058E098D6B1B2B">
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<mods:roleTerm id="760C090CD45C7D2DAE7362196E56D7E8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="D89286A9DC8C38081C111903A17379F7">Mesterházy, Attila</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FBEC4E07FDB9B17517A1A97C7E305C2A">Hunyadi utca 55, 9500 Celldömölk, Hungary</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="BE3FCEDD7DCAB6A53CBB1F35A2D3DA1D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="ABB28EE7F940BD8E50435C38383BFF9A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="77B435A9808CAC561AD48BC099BF75D5">Reynders, Marc</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DCF8F953BECEFFA32C7054785D6BA732">Meise Botanic Garden, Meise, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="5DF0D40BB79A8ABF49B683CF050CC76D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="86A1EF32A363A8369B36AAF1A3A9E1EC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="CA61A80B63CCDCF597BB2A0ACCFD3F00">Ngoy Shutcha, Mylor</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="272F616FB991E7E4A451A51E17491951">Ecology, Ecological Restoration and Landscape Research Unit, Université de Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, D. R. Congo & Plant Ecology and Biogeochemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="DF27196971C060D55EED096B6FA2015E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="D26E30B2D57FE86E8C4469CDE81A90B2">Plant Ecology and Evolution</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="8A4D89E6138AA5FE301D2F78387F5D81">
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<mods:date id="8179236AAB78BF0F2BBAF8EB17A8962D">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="385B58A44FB3FD3AA4A558419AFE4C54">2024-09-12</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="CDDBF5DA09035CE8B672CE4E32F218F0">157</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="FBFA4A27690222A441D7857A6FA8CE00" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="F83DFC0153973CDEF1E7A02D35EA2BA1">3</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="97388AC6A4AF7AB706A7EC2620C7BBC1">336</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="93229FE558A838A9D6A89F1BB8184593">342</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="9D65A6FCC3722542A46586B26B2ACFE3">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="67CA53F75A15845976692ACE73C3AD1C" type="DOI">10.5091/plecevo.127131</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="4BD0A90BF322546096C80ED7BA6EB48B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13752283" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13752283" ID-arpha="4BD0A90B-F322-5460-96C8-0ED7BA6EB48B" ID-ipni="urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77347854-1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4BD0A90BF322546096C80ED7BA6EB48B" LSID-IPNI="urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77347854-1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4BD0A90BF322546096C80ED7BA6EB48B">
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<subSubSection id="FFB9B51FBE77E2FEF745D1C146BD420B" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="CD65264DD5CCC90A3448D0005F2C2B11">
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||
<taxonomicName id="9CE4FAAF19ED0AF68BCF0CB762B09199" authority="Mesterhazy & Reynders" authorityName="Mesterhazy & Reynders" authorityYear="2024" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Cyperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kilelai" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="A886BCA231D85EEE735D6C3A9B8B49FD" italics="true">Cyperus kilelai</emphasis>
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Mesterházy & Reynders
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6B1C43BC9B8447D89099DBE832051942" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="CC25656C0CE495EB363400DD307859BD" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="2815E772204C6263C2B319BA16C18DD6">
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<figureCitation id="DCC76A749A94288DFC65E9E3AD4A38D1" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Morphological characteristics of Cyperus kilelai. A. Plant habit. B. Plant base. C, D. Inflorescence. E. Spikelet. F, G. Details of the rachilla. H. Glume. I, J. Nutlets. Drawn from J. Kilela 25 (BR) by Marc Reynders." figureDoi="10.5091/plecevo.127131.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1129078">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="81FAF6BCC1C55D3D4FE0C20CFC63775B" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. SEM photographs of Cyperus kilelai. A, B. Nutlet. C. Detail of the nutlet epidermal cells. Taken from J. Kilela 25 (BR)." figureDoi="10.5091/plecevo.127131.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1129079">2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1EE2EAEE6C3E9382C62B619FF07A9B91" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Field photographs. A. The discoverer of the new species Jacques Kilela Mwanasomwe collecting a specimen at the thermal spring. B. Part of the population of C. kilelai existing of scattered tussocks on salty wed mud. C. Detail of a tussock of C. kilelai. Photographs: A by Diedo Mutombo Ngoy, B – C by Jacques Kilela Mwanasomwe." figureDoi="10.5091/plecevo.127131.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1129080">3</figureCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EEFAE" type="material">
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||
<paragraph id="533F216C46684FD1F35DE9AE51B8F824">
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||
<heading id="380F180537324D5D7C8C514A1ADCD9D9" reason="title">Type.</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="564933684EE8ABD6FCFC8BD1F62936C5">
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<materialsCitation id="C5A569ECE207F5C8725888532193A576" collectedFrom="edges of a thermal spring called " Mayi ya moto " (which means warm water in Swahili)" collectingDate="2018-06-26" collectionCode="LSHI, BR, V, BP" collectorName="J. Kilela" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" elevation="665" latitude="-9.378889" location="Haut-Lomami" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="25.985556" municipality="Upemba region" specimenCode="BR 0000026212845" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCountry id="017A28754826ADCA3E3D22D4B00246E4" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo">DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO</collectingCountry>
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•
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<location id="0C98087E6CADD5304C152FE0A181CABD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4BD0A90BF322546096C80ED7BA6EB48B:0C98087E6CADD5304C152FE0A181CABD" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" latitude="-9.378889" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="25.985556" municipality="Upemba region" name="Haut-Lomami">Haut-Lomami</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="FF46C79F986C358E45F5D02D9FFD4F34">Upemba region</collectingMunicipality>
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||
,
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||
<locationDeviation id="736DC65209958DD71B7AC308EBF3E98A" location="Kanonga village">
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||
<quantity id="B7A1E731CDB2D1DD7651B72BD13001EA" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" unit="km" value="22.0">
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||
<locationDeviation id="035B4E02544F03682EDC64C98AB57615" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" unit="km" value="22.0">22 km</locationDeviation>
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</quantity>
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SW of Kanonga village
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</locationDeviation>
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,
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<collectedFrom id="B224F79309708B85E2A23EEFFE0C0F24">edges of a thermal spring called “ Mayi ya moto ” (which means warm water in Swahili)</collectedFrom>
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||
;
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||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0ENFAE" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[25.985556,-9.378889]}">
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||
<geoCoordinate id="AD34C0BB0EBA63D9982CC7B8C7A8A892" degrees="09" direction="south" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="44" value="-9.378889">09 ° 22 ’ 44 ” S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="7B79FD50BF3808EF022026C7BF411AC5" degrees="25" direction="east" minutes="59" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="08" value="25.985556">25 ° 59 ’ 08 ” E</geoCoordinate>
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</named-content>
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||
;
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||
<quantity id="1C33DD5E48B47CB79685B58E59784C9E" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.65" unit="m" value="665.0">
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||
<elevation id="858C63A5A206A343208A4989A1042666" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.65" unit="m" value="665.0">665 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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||
;
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||
<date id="721F4D23B43694EC5C68A6AA5289AB45" value="2018-06-26">
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<collectingDate id="C2C7E68ABF4494ADD0FBAB2201791414" value="2018-06-26">26 Jun. 2018</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
;
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||
<emphasis id="87B886AD505E20139DA3C353740C2E4E" italics="true">
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<collectorName id="C77DB763C7F0D48B84AE93E2B09D09B9">J. Kilela</collectorName>
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25
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</emphasis>
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||
;
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||
<typeStatus id="8CF29904DC702782FC488BAE9EFEEA65" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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||
:
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<collectionCode id="6423B7B7065C796B08D4F342BDC46F53" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14451" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14451" name="Université Nationale du Zaïre" type="Herbarium">LSHI</collectionCode>
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;
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<typeStatus id="F7E390CC2ECE133BAA11AF995C84D9A8" type="isotype">isotypes</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectionCode id="869C775020B24141BEFAE42C6360955B" country="Brazil" name="Embrapa Agrobiology Diazothrophic Microbial Culture Collection">BR</collectionCode>
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[
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<specimenCode id="A5D6A9FD9FA2034B34F18600F4834ED4" collectionCode="BR" country="Brazil" name="Embrapa Agrobiology Diazothrophic Microbial Culture Collection">BR 0000026212845</specimenCode>
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||
<collectionCode id="6B4A1D7E8861AB87D2C9E6F42208D443" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
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||
];
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||
<collectionCode id="75C0F32A173A8920753B6F336D47E6F1" country="Hungary" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13261" name="Hungarian Natural History Museum" type="Herbarium">BP</collectionCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="SECID0EUFAE" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="4E3292E7EB2632E4D85880853100F32B">
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<heading id="4EAA00E797EC3260160D534BD7D49603" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BDBCD8EE4D9BF503CEF84D3161CD6E27">
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This small tussocky species differs from all other
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<taxonomicName id="DF0AAC7A5B6779265A408C671F27DF2F">
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<emphasis id="36CC7FEAB3A031CAC2C1CB6B75BF940C" italics="true">Cyperus</emphasis>
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species
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</taxonomicName>
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by the combination of (weakly) 3–4 angled nutlets of the laterally compressed dimerous type, pale glumes
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<quantity id="B9D63E3D88651D604418438BAE06E967" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.5" unit="mm" value="2.85" valueMax="3.2" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3.2 mm</quantity>
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long, and an ecological restriction to mineral-rich thermal springs.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="SECID0EBGAE" type="description">
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<paragraph id="CFBF5E766B05687CA84265714B007715">
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<heading id="FBC4DB56B851E1BA2773F60E055143EC" reason="title">Description.</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FF1E545FB9A54EB349939E0B61E5923D">
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Small annual or tussocky
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<underline id="A4020BF6E33439B87F08EA4C3E7E9A8C">perennial</underline>
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.
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<underline id="F40E9466490156D1C3C41A696E393CD6">Culms</underline>
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many per tussock, erect,
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<quantity id="45E670BAF517DC3FE355C9483AA5DB15" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="cm" value="28.5" valueMax="37.0" valueMin="20.0">20–37 cm</quantity>
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long, new ones originating from higher nodes of older culms.
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<underline id="AC7ADFFF34D3DBB8A5DBE683C2D4FD85">Leaf blade</underline>
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filiform,
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<quantity id="BCCC5E50562C6FA7A98D35752F46F529" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="0.2" unit="cm" value="12.5" valueMax="23.0" valueMin="2.0">2–23 cm</quantity>
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||
long ×
|
||
<quantity id="1E24DA6854FE2DEC59785C56E2D329A9" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="3.0" unit="mm" value="0.65" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.3">0.3–1 mm</quantity>
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wide, the lower ones often reduced to their sheaths.
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<underline id="8B764BD13FD32A22377D2D1787E7336B">Inflorescence</underline>
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a single (or two) sessile clusters of 3–6 spikelets (rarely a single spikelet).
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<underline id="11818FD5C421B96CFC3561074D8A90D3">Involucral bracts</underline>
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||
usually two, spreading to erect,
|
||
<quantity id="E155D471408313FDC0346E0FF0B5D9C1" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="0.5" unit="cm" value="3.75" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–7 cm</quantity>
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||
long.
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||
<underline id="2C05857241B892FF06BB0C07552B0C35">Spikelets</underline>
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||
6–24 ×
|
||
<quantity id="CF14B717FD001FCA602A17B1D8CAB2E8" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.8" unit="mm" value="2.15" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.8">1.8–2.5 mm</quantity>
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||
, lanceolate, rachilla
|
||
<quantity id="F0ACD0492563532B07A8B26F25963EF1" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" unit="mm" value="0.45" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, slightly zigzag, persistent.
|
||
<underline id="1AA989E7819F3ED436A608714F869BBC">Glumes</underline>
|
||
not closely imbricate, 2.5–3.2 ×
|
||
<quantity id="101D29D822A75CDB6A10D26EAE7F5318" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.8" unit="mm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="0.8">0.8–1.2 mm</quantity>
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||
, deciduous, strongly concave, yellow to light brown, elliptic, flanks veinless, without hyaline margin, obtuse with pale, 3 - veined midrib reaching the tip.
|
||
<underline id="AF4489C8FB9A096629101A98823BE2E1">Stamens</underline>
|
||
2, anthers yellow,
|
||
<quantity id="757500502F5ADA3CF70ECBEEBA9CE619" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.2" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="1.0">1–1.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
long.
|
||
<underline id="A7EF726036E049F750E2AC7FAE06FFCB">Stigma</underline>
|
||
branches 2, in ad- and abaxial positions.
|
||
<underline id="895CC9F6C771E0DE27296B3F5AA067D5">Nutlet</underline>
|
||
dark-brown, obovate, variable with 3–4 angles (often 1 strong and 3 weaker), apiculate, 1.2–1.5 ×
|
||
<quantity id="910283C1C9702AA9338ED131F62E9298" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" unit="mm" value="0.6" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.7 mm</quantity>
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||
, smooth, epidermal cells slightly elongated, without silica bodies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="0192229A8F5678AAF954BE28A0D9EDB2" ID-DOI="10.5091/plecevo.127131.figure1" ID-arpha="2CED1D06-A181-5A6D-92FA-26F890249D60" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1129078" startId="F1">
|
||
<paragraph id="F965FA0DA90A20F46E71D3D5FDE83F60">
|
||
<label id="D9E359B703276A42BACA53F48BB752DE">Figure 1.</label>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FC487E3143996DEA30526E38D0B763CD">
|
||
Morphological characteristics of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8DAFFB17B617F45FF7BBF297DDB90E4" authorityName="Mesterhazy & Reynders" authorityYear="2024" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Cyperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kilelai">
|
||
<emphasis id="8ACE7216A33841DD6B9DFFD6685EF221" italics="true">Cyperus kilelai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="4B224B83E7CB25BF3165B7C316487383" bold="true">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Plant habit.
|
||
<emphasis id="674ED68F4BE2831247D97215CFE9CE29" bold="true">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Plant base.
|
||
<emphasis id="0BD4DABB242DBCC34CBC97924F170D58" bold="true">C</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="D88D93ABB67D2BBAD9956C1E71EC7C78" bold="true">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Inflorescence.
|
||
<emphasis id="81B87173DEDB6873038BE87F90808F5A" bold="true">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Spikelet.
|
||
<emphasis id="DEF14FA000412E854D9589322D49B8AD" bold="true">F</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="87F5F28987BB6922B5E17F0949B689CE" bold="true">G</emphasis>
|
||
. Details of the rachilla.
|
||
<emphasis id="179EE633E4DAACB720308EF308C841CA" bold="true">H</emphasis>
|
||
. Glume.
|
||
<emphasis id="C20F3657757E691130ED8655BAAE031E" bold="true">I</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="13F1B408420B950382F66A91F2CC7C87" bold="true">J</emphasis>
|
||
. Nutlets. Drawn from
|
||
<emphasis id="CBFD49B0884C60C1B61DD767BFB2F2FE" italics="true">J. Kilela 25</emphasis>
|
||
(BR) by Marc Reynders.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EJIAE" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="E9FB8712A77C3BC2802484E0C1856F14">
|
||
<heading id="428C3F66850524B660B3755393DC582F" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD864B291A9E07F70CC65B7A8344563C">
|
||
Endemic to the south-east of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2E98DCE594163294D702B3AA01CA94E2" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo">the Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Currently, this species is only known from its type location. As botanical studies have not yet been performed in many of the hot springs in the Upemba graben and new springs are still being discovered (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF306F430D08965B905ED0EC8EB33D6A" author="Odhipio" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Odhipio" refId="B19" refString="Odhipio DA, Mukandala PS, Kawa GN, Kasay GM, Mambo VSH (2020) Identification of thermal springs in eastern DRC, case study of Katanga, Kivu and Ituri Provinces. Proceedings, 8 th African Rift Geothermal Conference Nairobi, Kenya, 2–8 November 2020." year="2020">Odhipio et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), this species may have a much larger range. The case of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28F684E3CA489994A8E42AD87C2FA041" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Cyperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fontinalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="BC42AF23536219C0ABF4423A652E9AAC" italics="true">C. fontinalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has been collected from southern D. R.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8D4BCAAA1874C17AEC18DE65E66C8126" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D9959A0B8BDACA70B939EAB771636868" name="Zambia">Zambia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and Central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2B6F3B0C3D9612C871FF508F54AFAB73" name="Madagascar">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
shows that strongly disjunct hot spring habitats are possible for similar species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9D6CCCC43A0242F8B122F64A9929DE3E" author="Reynders" firstAuthor="Reynders" refId="B20" refString="Reynders M (2013) The challenging taxonomy and evolution of C 4 Cyperus (Cyperaceae): a focus on Pycreus and its laterally flattened pistils. PhD Thesis, Ghent University, Belgium. https://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-4214030 [accessed 07. 08. 2024]" url="https://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-4214030" year="2013">Reynders 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Within the Zambesian phytochorion, several other rift related regions possess many hot springs that could be suitable habitats for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AE120F7A741BACE920A86E50F99B365" authorityName="Mesterhazy & Reynders" authorityYear="2024" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Cyperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kilelai">
|
||
<emphasis id="2274012C7BEF49F0B0850F42DE815649" italics="true">C. kilelai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: the Zambezi rift on the border of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFEF4F214E172C17DE5651D799FCA168" name="Zambia">Zambia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DDD652EEBDB6B030E00208DF8FFC9954" name="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the graben of the Sabe river in eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="096044029E178BAA981564EB019F091F" name="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="230B0563C8A673100CA790F783AB1E80" author="Gerald" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Gerald" refId="B6" refString="Gerald AW, Blankenship RR, Bentall R (1965) Thermal Springs of the United States and Other Countries of the World, a Summary. Geological Survey professional paper 492, United States Government Printing office, Washington, 1-383." year="1965">Gerald et al. 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="17B548627E6AE658FBA514F24194FF7B" ID-DOI="10.5091/plecevo.127131.figure2" ID-arpha="4226EE18-66EC-5C14-B07D-2B629C53B524" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1129079" startId="F2">
|
||
<paragraph id="700F6A409A7AE70FA7ACF721F74E688E">
|
||
<label id="AAB582FA92D7F3601F0EEE5D2CC5A1A1">Figure 2.</label>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8895B362C7EFFCCA18E7B945FC1D7037">
|
||
SEM photographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C359ACE1222023D57129311FC9ACFB71" authorityName="Mesterhazy & Reynders" authorityYear="2024" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Cyperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kilelai">
|
||
<emphasis id="DD6F75E85A14CCB1321DB01EB5F4A7D7" italics="true">Cyperus kilelai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="CE23E91B9818659D3A443A0B9F3155C2" bold="true">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="68049925C14374A273FF46AC9EB9F968" bold="true">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Nutlet.
|
||
<emphasis id="F9901F8BF6FAD05531669C7860E405F0" bold="true">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Detail of the nutlet epidermal cells. Taken from
|
||
<emphasis id="EA287B5ECBACF3625658F46D504DD12F" italics="true">J. Kilela 25</emphasis>
|
||
(BR).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0ERKAE" type="habitat">
|
||
<paragraph id="E0153C10EDA6B02C4F21B5B72D502E11">
|
||
<heading id="FE0115C8494E16F5CB7380B012894356" reason="title">Habitat and ecology.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4A5316AC420FD418DD0148C50D29985C">
|
||
The species is locally abundant and monodominant, growing in patches of 1 to 3 metres on wet mud along the edge of the thermal spring (“ Mayi ya moto ”). Its regrowth from higher nodes of older culms allows it to overcome addition of sediments by water or wind. The thermal spring where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9A9BAE0C9A072C99ACBE04D06473DCC8" authorityName="Mesterhazy & Reynders" authorityYear="2024" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Cyperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kilelai">
|
||
<emphasis id="EE1D7DEF56BB425C4C2B5444D732436E" italics="true">C. kilelai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
grows is very hot, with a temperature about 70–80 ° C at the source.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8D54B1A0577B9915ABFACC0D3D3C378F" authorityName="Mesterhazy & Reynders" authorityYear="2024" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Cyperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kilelai">
|
||
<emphasis id="D584A04C115FCF845094865377271BD1" italics="true">Cyperus kilelai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs at the sites where the water is cooler, at about 30–40 ° C. The soil is white due to the deposition of carbonate minerals and the soil layer on the bedrock is shallow. The species becomes less abundant when the mineral concentration and temperatures are decreasing, approx.
|
||
<quantity id="6D1B1166FD3EF68D86B7C960CBE86244" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" unit="m" value="27.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="25.0">25–30 m</quantity>
|
||
from the spring. These springs are further relatively species poor, dominated by grass-like plants, except some palms and small trees. In higher areas,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="135718B8DB88F935F91EE4F71DD48AA8" authorityName="Mesterhazy & Reynders" authorityYear="2024" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Cyperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kilelai">
|
||
<emphasis id="F37561E09745C063A49E5CCCE62035E7" italics="true">C. kilelai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is replaced by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="142C1BE5B3C1427DBF35AA20F02A80AB" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Imperata" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cylindrica">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAD02CD17D135F7C5B1FCC51923123E2" italics="true">Imperata cylindrica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) P. Beauv. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9C78D8314B7BFBA0A4209D89F3C35E2" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F904408EDE383EB6C5E1B6C346F2F0C8" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Cyperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laevigatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8F96B46F4D246BEAE2F146DDB602FE0" italics="true">Cyperus laevigatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="B962FAE187737E19D4709949E41DFDE5" ID-DOI="10.5091/plecevo.127131.figure3" ID-arpha="77B57678-CD81-5FDB-81A9-45E8CC55690B" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1129080" startId="F3">
|
||
<paragraph id="6324F34C1B2F979F12AE1EB76C8028DB">
|
||
<label id="1F440E5BE783E10DC9400A7793417685">Figure 3.</label>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FFD31AAF0CCD3835732C58FD3B17DD4D">
|
||
Field photographs.
|
||
<emphasis id="CFC7727C6970BB9050A2197B2E29FD08" bold="true">A</emphasis>
|
||
. The discoverer of the new species Jacques Kilela Mwanasomwe collecting a specimen at the thermal spring.
|
||
<emphasis id="1C2E5363D0FDBF1979E1D184A244B1DD" bold="true">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Part of the population of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D521D4A7D46BE4F92EB9E21EF8F59B2A" authorityName="Mesterhazy & Reynders" authorityYear="2024" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Cyperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kilelai">
|
||
<emphasis id="6444D341CF58E6B3BE58C64913144261" italics="true">C. kilelai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
existing of scattered tussocks on salty wed mud.
|
||
<emphasis id="B46792537BA6A425907F75D64FABEBA8" bold="true">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Detail of a tussock of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84085FDE328938B4E06A4F9FDD94B29E" authorityName="Mesterhazy & Reynders" authorityYear="2024" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Cyperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kilelai">
|
||
<emphasis id="8BF4CE0B99E2D4A0605626EF7B6286C3" italics="true">C. kilelai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Photographs: A by Diedo Mutombo Ngoy, B – C by Jacques Kilela Mwanasomwe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0E3NAE" type="phenology">
|
||
<paragraph id="2D6B78DCEB0DF8ADE8E49DFB32ADFB51">
|
||
<heading id="C9838309D0045F1585C0BCCA43682A0E" reason="title">Phenology.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="29BBC5D4755D9AA3D94DFBC1D8C83234">
|
||
The type collection was made in June during which both flowering and fruiting culms were observed. Most likely the phenology of this species is similar to other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="590E77C548CC789FFBCD68E309A33A7B" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cyperaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
species in this region: it starts flowering shortly after the rainy season periods. Presumably, the flowering period lasts from May to July. Although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F60879BD6F9A1A10ACB56AFE98E827A5" authorityName="Mesterhazy & Reynders" authorityYear="2024" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Cyperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kilelai">
|
||
<emphasis id="FE9E4BD8C2F30B927783B388B254ABAF" italics="true">C. kilelai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
primarily seems to be a perennial species inhabiting permanently wet soils, it is very likely to have a short generation cycle which allows it to survive drier periods as an annual.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0ESOAE" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="EB5528252F3C375BCCA2F7880D42FB4C">
|
||
<heading id="9F7FC976FC8648B953ADDCC6F17836F0" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E733A684DBCC58425F89F53E54984657">The species name commemorates Jacques Kilela Mwanasomwe, a plant ecologist of the University of Lubumbashi, who collected the type material of the species.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EXOAE" type="Preliminary IUCN conservation assessment">
|
||
<paragraph id="828BAF6358014A7AE731FF08F3924CE6">
|
||
<heading id="52C3DFC8A0701DCB91982FC45C76D927" reason="title">Preliminary IUCN conservation assessment.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="87FBE78F3901DA98900AC6773DBF7C29">
|
||
Vulnerable: VU (D 2).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="062F15791A73652995084EB8B38DDACF" authorityName="Mesterhazy & Reynders" authorityYear="2024" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Cyperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kilelai">
|
||
<emphasis id="48A45E163260EE9A7311AACDDB2CD25D" italics="true">Cyperus kilelai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems to be a restricted species, which is only known from the type locality in the southwest corner of the Upemba graben, about
|
||
<quantity id="22F2C4CB5B6C128A2F2297239A376897" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" unit="km" value="17.5">17.5 km</quantity>
|
||
south of lake Kabwe. The Upemba graben is very rich in thermal springs and these Rift-related springs are in general characterized by their high temperature and sulphurous-carbonated chemical composition (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DD16FFB1B2437A19891156ACB48568F2" author="Mathieu" firstAuthor="Mathieu" refId="B18" refString="Mathieu FF (1912) Les sources thermales du Bas Katanga. Annales de la Société Géologique de Belgique, Publications Relatives au Congo Belge et aux Régions Voisines 40: C 103 – C 125." year="1912">Mathieu 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CF3943C182FA77D2EDB3EBF97DC49BFF" author="Odhipio" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Odhipio" refId="B19" refString="Odhipio DA, Mukandala PS, Kawa GN, Kasay GM, Mambo VSH (2020) Identification of thermal springs in eastern DRC, case study of Katanga, Kivu and Ituri Provinces. Proceedings, 8 th African Rift Geothermal Conference Nairobi, Kenya, 2–8 November 2020." year="2020">Odhipio et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Brine springs containing chloride are also present but very scarce in the Upemba region (Salines de Ganza near the Kanandula river, see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="79E287DBB56A9CAA4BEF858DBA1E0E35" author="Van Meel" editor="Adam W & Janssens A & Van Meel L & Verheyen R" firstAuthor="Van Meel" journalOrPublisher="Mission G. F. De Witte. Fascicule 1: Introduction. Institut des Parcs Nationaux du Congo, Bruxelles" pagination="92-94" refId="B25" refString="Van Meel L (1966) Sources thermales salines. In: Adam W, Janssens A, Van Meel L, Verheyen R (Eds) Exploration du Parc National de l’Upemba. Mission G. F. De Witte. Fascicule 1: Introduction. Institut des Parcs Nationaux du Congo, Bruxelles, 92–94." title="Sources thermales salines." volumeTitle="Exploration du Parc National de l’Upemba." year="1966">Van Meel 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These are more common in the south of Katanga due to the likable presence of a precambrian halite evaporative deposit, but the latter springs are generally much colder (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="52F9ABADB8C1AB5484759679479DB8DA" author="Buffard and Grujenschi" firstAuthor="Buffard" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Société Géologique de Belgique" pagination="285-294" refId="B2" refString="Buffard R, Grujenschi C (1979) Les sources salines de l’arc du Shaba méridional, République du Zaire. Leur relation probable avec l’existence d’une assise salifère de la couverture katanguienne (précambrien supérieur). Annales de la Société Géologique de Belgique 102: 285–294." title="Les sources salines de l’arc du Shaba méridional, République du Zaire. Leur relation probable avec l’existence d’une assise salifère de la couverture katanguienne (précambrien supérieur)." volume="102" year="1979">Buffard and Grujenschi 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Although many thermal springs in the Katanga region were visited by botanists (Jean Jacques Symoens, Gaston François de Witte, Stanisław Lisowski) during the 20
|
||
<superScript id="3F1621B0648AF46842C53DB0876C659E">th</superScript>
|
||
century, our new taxon did not appear in their collections. Deep botanical and vegetation researches were done only in the south of Katanga, in the salt springs of Mwashya (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C83C971C16B2B87430FF72C202DBE045" author="Symoens" firstAuthor="Symoens" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Société Royale de Botanique de Belgique" pagination="113-121" refId="B23" refString="Symoens JJ (1953) Note sur la végétation des salines de Mwashya (Katanga). Bulletin de la Société Royale de Botanique de Belgique 86 (1): 113–121." title="Note sur la végétation des salines de Mwashya (Katanga)." volume="86" year="1953">Symoens 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB2595B73E6446C5B1A00BEF61BD8710" author="Malaisse" firstAuthor="Malaisse" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Société Royale de Botanique de Belgique" pagination="97-104" refId="B16" refString="Malaisse F (1988) Les groupements végétaux des sols salins à Mwashya (Shaba, Zaïre). Bulletin de la Société Royale de Botanique de Belgique 121 (2): 97–104." title="Les groupements végétaux des sols salins à Mwashya (Shaba, Zaïre)." volume="121" year="1988">Malaisse 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E192276EBFB9F80E00F0ED4C92BCA6F4" authorityName="Mesterhazy & Reynders" authorityYear="2024" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Cyperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kilelai">
|
||
<emphasis id="D0C1404459B9496420C76B500D92E94A" italics="true">C. kilelai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not seem to be present. Therefore, we think that even if it would occur in other thermal springs, this must be a rare species, and the local area of occupancy would always be very limited. The single known population is estimated to grow over an area of approx.
|
||
<quantity id="79530AA738BBC00C7951D4F59D54413B" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" unit="m" value="1600.0">1600 m</quantity>
|
||
<superScript id="11F4FD1199DE2D309737DF8E389D2AE9">2</superScript>
|
||
, with a population size between 250 and 1000 mature individuals. The type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="82BAF427F23872E8FD558A7B4A0364FE" authorityName="Mesterhazy & Reynders" authorityYear="2024" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Cyperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kilelai">
|
||
<emphasis id="F92FBB5D0E1D2664BB17D9A4C07CD186" italics="true">C. kilelai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is located outside of the Upemba National Park near several small villages (Saka, Kakesa), where farming families live. The local people consider the thermal spring as a holy place, where ancestors and extra-human powers are present and they therefore do not disturb it. In addition, this spring can be found on a hard bedrock where the salt cover is thin and probably poor in chloride. Therefore, it is unsuitable for salt exploitation. However, the locality is situated in a study area for the installation of large geothermal power plants, especially the very hot springs of the Upemba graben are of high interest (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="88D26EE87B2EF3DB0A5233AF2CB9FB9A" DOI="10.1088/1755-1315/249/1/012016" author="Makuku" firstAuthor="Makuku" refId="B15" refString="Makuku L (2019) Inventory of geothermal sources in the DRC and their development plan for the electrification of locals areas. Case of the eastern part of the DRC. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 249: 012016. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/249/1/012016" year="2019">Makuku 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4973AF69AA24B011BB827AB92136A10A" author="Odhipio" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Odhipio" refId="B19" refString="Odhipio DA, Mukandala PS, Kawa GN, Kasay GM, Mambo VSH (2020) Identification of thermal springs in eastern DRC, case study of Katanga, Kivu and Ituri Provinces. Proceedings, 8 th African Rift Geothermal Conference Nairobi, Kenya, 2–8 November 2020." year="2020">Odhipio et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Based on this, the only known location for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3406057DECD23FB6106118F0F3F46C2" authorityName="Mesterhazy & Reynders" authorityYear="2024" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Cyperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kilelai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B5E3F2A4179121143295410FD962F04D" italics="true">C. kilelai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and other locations in the region where the species may occur are potentially highly threatened by human activities in the near future. Another potential threat are the use and alteration of these thermal spring for bathing. For example, in Antsirabe (Central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="48112418449F172A4FB1AD1C3CBA680E" name="Madagascar">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
), at the type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E0236FB9AE0DA3CADD30AFE1661AE59" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Cyperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fontinalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9BF54751BE376FEF773B64473F51BD0A" italics="true">Cyperus fontinalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a spa hotel was built shortly after the collection of this species, as was annotated on the type specimen. Also, the other thermal springs around the town are adjusted and exploited for bathing and in none of these locations,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DDCCDCB688F25703BA86082A10C44C0C" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Cyperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fontinalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8138F44135EDF7E159A6DECC625CA2DD" italics="true">C. fontinalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found during the expedition of Larridon et al. in 2010 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F23F7D9CA2859F3085AF40201EFC198" author="Reynders" firstAuthor="Reynders" refId="B20" refString="Reynders M (2013) The challenging taxonomy and evolution of C 4 Cyperus (Cyperaceae): a focus on Pycreus and its laterally flattened pistils. PhD Thesis, Ghent University, Belgium. https://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-4214030 [accessed 07. 08. 2024]" url="https://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-4214030" year="2013">Reynders 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, exploitation for bathing does not seem to be a common or traditional practice in the Katanga region but might gain interest in the future, especially in touristic locations. Due to the small population size, the small AOO and EOO, and the presence of a future threat, we assess
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A9DFC43B58470BB729E4597BA9AB6283" authorityName="Mesterhazy & Reynders" authorityYear="2024" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Cyperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kilelai">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFF79A6DDBEBB366DD9FFE2D4D38251E" italics="true">C. kilelai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as Vulnerable (VU), following criterion D 2 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="05255AD803681531ADF0B7D68C2BAC2C" refId="B10" refString="IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee (2024) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 16. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. https://nc.iucnredlist.org/redlist/content/attachment_files/RedListGuidelines.pdf [accessed 17. 07. 2024]" url="https://nc.iucnredlist.org/redlist/content/attachment_files/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2024">IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2024</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |