treatments-xml/data/4B/BF/49/4BBF49DCED515060ABDF0B74D318B7BD.xml

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<mods:title id="2C8A2108EBF458371AA6B045A2B88243">A review of Apha floralis species group (Lepidoptera: Eupterotidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="726F1D7BDF2AD04446544E485948F2E3">Zolotuhin, Vadim V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2A1132FF52C0F2F93B4F2EA2EF507EC8">Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University, Lenin square 4 / 5, Ulyanovsk, 432071, Russia</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="8571584D08B56542D4AFE5AFDD890CE2" type="email">v.zolot@mail.ru</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="FC7D815EBB9BD567C49437C4654B07FB">Pugaev, Sergey N.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A9B33D5E541494FEFE86D36C80645D23">Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University, Lenin square 4 / 5, Ulyanovsk, 432071, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3AFC015B8B266F17D0668F86CD29EF83">Du, Tran Thieu</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C2B79DF39D2E21295E8DA8C46C064E85">Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cay Giay, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="4BBF49DCED515060ABDF0B74D318B7BD" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189471115" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4BBF49DCED515060ABDF0B74D318B7BD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4BBF49DCED515060ABDF0B74D318B7BD" lastPageNumber="611" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" scope_family="Eupterotidae" scope_order="Lepidoptera">
<subSubSection id="E6D62BDC353DD18C914758A0F2824CBB" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="EC5B0B341665D2372B0F66FEB63BC662" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">
<taxonomicName id="1D9C1EAD43017477B7BB3C76DE2E76E6" LSID="4BBF49DC-ED51-5060-ABDF-0B74D318B7BD" authority="Mell, [1930]" authorityName="Mell" authorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Eupterotidae" genus="Apha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apha kantonensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kantonensis">Apha kantonensis Mell, [1930]</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FD3FAD48D6200C6DA8FC31B5F3273D56" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" type="description">
<paragraph id="FA4018A6128FE97AEC1D498AE24FF772" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">
<figureCitation id="183C9F7601E7933E09C4AFC10F85BB03" captionStart="Figures 9–14" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 9 - 14. 9 - male holotype A. kantonensis [1930], China, Kwangtung, [Lo fao shan] (ZMHU); 10 - male A. kantonensis Mell, [1930], N. Vietnam, Prov. Ninh Binh, Nho Quan Distr., Bong - Cuc Phuong vill., 20 ° 21 ' N, 105 ° 36 ' E, 6 - 9. X. 2008, 360 m, leg. Zolotuhin (MWM); 11 - female paratype A. kantonensis Mell, 1929, [China] [?? Lo Fao], &quot; ex Raupe &quot;, ex coll. R. Mell (ZMHU); 12 - female paratype A. kantonensis Mell, 1929, [China] [?? Lo Fao], ex Raupe, ex coll. R. Mell (ZMHU); 13 - male holotype A. chloralis sp. n., Vietnam, Cha Val, Nam Giang, Quang Nam, 15 ° 35 ' 21.9 &quot; N, 107 ° 29 ' 01.9 &quot; E, RTS, 546 m, 28. V. 2009, Tran Thieu Du leg. (coll. S. Pugaev); 14 - male paratype A. chloralis sp. n., N. Vietnam, Cao Bang Prov., Phi Oak Mts., Nguyen Binh Distr., Thanh Cang comm., Phia Den vill., 22 ° 34 ' N, 105 ° 52 ' E, 1030 m, pupa 10. XI. 2009, ex pupa 22. XII. 2009, leg. S. Pugaev (coll. S. Pugaev)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/487821" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">Figs 9-12</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C54D02ABB7DEABC8F3BD9273D41CCA7" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="80FA33A6CEB384B5A9636E698C32C5C8" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">
<taxonomicName id="DB884D10671E898B289B1C1C79883E7D" authorityName="Mell" authorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Eupterotidae" genus="Apha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apha kantonensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kantonensis">Apha kantonensis</taxonomicName>
Mell, [1930], 
<emphasis id="9BA9996B22B2CF4D38337B1C41D73377" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift</emphasis>
1929 5: 428, fig. 43, figs 54; pl. 8: 9, 10; pl. 12: 2. TL: China, 
<normalizedToken id="FC02226D1D6C6E26A9CE9BDB096711BD" originalValue="“Südkwangtung">&quot;Suedkwangtung</normalizedToken>
[= South Guangdong prov.], Lo fao shan&quot;. Holotype (by original designation): male (ZMHU) [examined].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="466BB1DE8A76FD5950D5F8D44F564401" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="3066BF9B985A6691DE81314F14F437C6" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4A7E39708FF21CF9CCF2605DF8C7319C" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">
<materialsCitation id="DA13D861382A44B97276B35EA83E3689" collectingDate="2020-01-01" collectingDateMax="2020-12-31" collectingDateMin="2020-01-01" country="China" location="Kwangtung" specimenCount="♂" typeStatus="Holotype">
<typeStatus id="1EB77FC35BFE4D0B0A5B89386CFB9AB7">Holotype</typeStatus>
, 
<specimenCount id="75F3FD527B917E5D729BAB8CDE734390">♂</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingCountry id="BFD673F678FDE48EE9786BA9FFB084FD" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
, 
<location id="AFFB87011DAC80A43FC48C9280469E95" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4BBF49DCED515060ABDF0B74D318B7BD:AFFB87011DAC80A43FC48C9280469E95" country="China" name="Kwangtung">Kwangtung</location>
, [Lo fao shan] (ZMHU)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="44B755DBD8C0420F67619F1243029674" collectingDate="2020-01-01" collectingDateMax="2020-12-31" collectingDateMin="2020-01-01" collectorName="Chinese, Lo Fao, Raupe, R. Mell" country="China" location="Mell's" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="Paratypes">
<typeStatus id="4BB7AC326EAB67B865C2689312859E8A">Paratypes</typeStatus>
, 
<specimenCount id="888D1B317E0DC8E3938315E2BD09C4E5" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="912759A4D9E2ED9298B264EA2364B53D" type="female">3 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, [
<collectingCountry id="19119A550634D634EBC875555F15302E" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
] [mostly unreadable because of 
<normalizedToken id="4F0DF477A0CD6449E063B42F1F0C8707" originalValue="Mell’s">
<location id="5F3A64D2F1D09D54F2A4467EBDD66A66" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4BBF49DCED515060ABDF0B74D318B7BD:5F3A64D2F1D09D54F2A4467EBDD66A66" country="China" name="Mell's">Mell's</location>
</normalizedToken>
abbreviations or given by him in 
<collectorName id="AE2AD5E24199396539A79C793C30EF2D">Chinese</collectorName>
, some are pointed from 
<collectorName id="57F2FE977A65820730839048831947BF">Lo Fao</collectorName>
], ex 
<collectorName id="35DC5B3F76B5A7D42AA285EE35CA7753">Raupe</collectorName>
, ex coll. 
<collectorName id="F5F6DFA3CCB8167322987F709BD94529">R. Mell</collectorName>
(ZMHU)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="7DC7ED0FAEF02FA4AC6483DC3DCFD2B2" collectingDate="1978-01" collectorName="Allen" country="China" elevation="100" location="Sekkong" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-male="3" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="0E833D95B48FBC5E41452CF987FE9EE6" type="male">3 ♂♂</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingCountry id="923D8A9880B846CA240D270EF73F4697" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="353BFBD50284982BE8646B1A173B35E1" name="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
, 
<quantity id="70187AFBB25C800205065F21C9372FE7" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="100.0">
<elevation id="4C4C457E9151C6638AD6620007EA7F5D" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<location id="C00175C955ED9FFE8A47EFEEB6F8EB46" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4BBF49DCED515060ABDF0B74D318B7BD:C00175C955ED9FFE8A47EFEEB6F8EB46" country="China" name="Sekkong">Sekkong</location>
, 
<collectingDate id="797A87C950032C6C5EF0EDF6B49E79AE" value="1978-01">Jan. 1978</collectingDate>
, leg. 
<collectorName id="F2DC8213333940BDE1452DFB2BCD909F">Allen</collectorName>
(MWM)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="F77DC9CF897A804E76CF137BED064D74" collectingDate="2020-01-01" collectingDateMax="2020-12-31" collectingDateMin="2020-01-01" collectorName="Uk Tau" country="China" location="China" specimenCount="♂" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="F347B1E6B6724C7E5E09D288C4EDC8F7">♂</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingCountry id="BDF21AD06BD6DA106D6D947C4FD7CA27" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
, Hongkong, New Territories, leg. 
<collectorName id="9D0B7C318BBAF72BFFDEE13F4D83CAE5">Uk Tau</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
, 
<date id="03E18ACEC2677850B07A9808323ABB3D" value="1998-04-27">27.IV.1998</date>
(SMFL); 
<materialsCitation id="0DD15AE2EAE2B5C44358A0E12C09E94C" collectingDate="2020-01-01" collectingDateMax="2020-12-31" collectingDateMin="2020-01-01" collectorName="New Territories, Uk Tau" country="China" location="China" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="2E3A880ECA2EDB7E9618F8C53E16EEA9" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingCountry id="772647E94BB85206CEAC0D8AD799B23A" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
, Hongkong, 
<collectorName id="9B738B8CE1B2980A023242D36378B822">New Territories</collectorName>
, leg. 
<collectorName id="F56064DAA2913662009D5544E487F66B">Uk Tau</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
, 
<date id="CE3FFFDE32412CA4711F555C1AC11B11" value="1998-11-21">21.XI. 1998</date>
(SMFL); 
<materialsCitation id="F3D43FCC61875E6CE4B74BA7ADCCE070" collectingDate="2008-10-06" collectingDateMax="2008-10-09" collectingDateMin="2008-10-06" collectorName="Zolotuhin" country="Vietnam" county="Prov." latitude="20.35" location="Bong" longLatPrecision="1268" longitude="105.6" municipality="Nho Quan Distr." specimenCount="♂" stateProvince="Ninh Binh" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9BCDB835AA93E5605269FB3017B8A613">♂</specimenCount>
, N. 
<collectingCountry id="E478BB00B993932CD80537B1C1A71FFA" name="Vietnam">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCounty id="67551786FD42893613D19ED878D160E0">Prov.</collectingCounty>
<collectingRegion id="75C2E599DEB3F5D639A728F9267CD490" country="Vietnam" name="Ninh Binh">Ninh Binh</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="78BD3FCBF423D1F61947258093F2C94C">Nho Quan Distr.</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="9AB3CBB4E1D698843B98062ED33D831C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4BBF49DCED515060ABDF0B74D318B7BD:9AB3CBB4E1D698843B98062ED33D831C" country="Vietnam" county="Prov." latitude="20.35" longLatPrecision="1268" longitude="105.6" municipality="Nho Quan Distr." name="Bong" stateProvince="Ninh Binh">Bong</location>
- Cuc Phuong vill., 
<geoCoordinate id="AAAE39B2135B05E103F0AFE2FB380DA7" degrees="20" direction="north" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="20.35">20°21'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="67F2D87FA77382033A98D0174BA7955A" degrees="105" direction="east" minutes="36" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="105.6">105°36'E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<collectingDate id="1BA2BCD8F5AF00FBDE1BAA53B9BFCFBA" value="2008-10-06" valueMax="2008-10-09" valueMin="2008-10-06">
6-9.X. 
<quantity id="E2B75DE1FF75AC7DF3A2B3DA2EC1B055" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0083599999999997" unit="m" value="2008360.0">2008, 360 m</quantity>
</collectingDate>
, leg. 
<collectorName id="25366684097DD3FC193C610F14181BE3">Zolotuhin</collectorName>
(MWM)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="88ADC7A3DF50D5C50D808C0EDCE5D764" collectingDate="2020-01-01" collectingDateMax="2020-12-31" collectingDateMin="2020-01-01" collectorName="L. &amp; J. de Joannis" country="Vietnam" location="An Chau" specimenCount="♂" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="07D78D59F876CAF0797F37DDEB45344E">♂</specimenCount>
, Tonkin [Northern 
<collectingCountry id="B90583D49D3AC7C332D095E6E2384E2C" name="Vietnam">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
], 
<location id="5AD606B977108B091AE4AFAE88D1B9B9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4BBF49DCED515060ABDF0B74D318B7BD:5AD606B977108B091AE4AFAE88D1B9B9" country="Vietnam" name="An Chau">An Chau</location>
, coll. 
<collectorName id="CE9BCF5584F60FA1D4C11173A0EDC28F">L. &amp; J. de Joannis</collectorName>
(MNHN)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="5DA25C267780A404C7BC98CA3CF2DE59" collectingDate="2009-07-17" collectorName="Du Thieu Tran, S. Pugaev" country="Vietnam" county="Central" location="Phuos My Comm." municipality="Phuoc Son Distr." specimenCount="♂" stateProvince="Quang Nam Prov." typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="D136571165A02374324F3E01C1470D82">♂</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingCounty id="8636657AFB8C66EE9A659C924B46EB94">Central</collectingCounty>
<collectingCountry id="9623F8878FB003F34EC1FE3673139215" name="Vietnam">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="76231F3723A41EFB17447DE445171B7A" country="Vietnam" name="Quang Nam">Quang Nam Prov.</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="1E2C628C3F99284F287C37A061183D14">Phuoc Son Distr.</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="6911AE36AB33E1480D46395EB400353A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4BBF49DCED515060ABDF0B74D318B7BD:6911AE36AB33E1480D46395EB400353A" country="Vietnam" county="Central" municipality="Phuoc Son Distr." name="Phuos My Comm." stateProvince="Quang Nam Prov.">Phuos My Comm.</location>
, 
<location id="84FA017D015524CD2C08F09D6A640F3C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4BBF49DCED515060ABDF0B74D318B7BD:84FA017D015524CD2C08F09D6A640F3C" country="Vietnam" county="Central" municipality="Phuoc Son Distr." name="Deo Lo Xo" stateProvince="Quang Nam Prov.">Deo Lo Xo</location>
, 
<collectingDate id="75731DB844C87A5BD2D15CB7E925E013" value="2009-07-17">17.VII 2009</collectingDate>
, 
<collectorName id="457941A47B5CC52FC435D085456F9C17">Du Thieu Tran</collectorName>
leg. (coll. 
<collectorName id="BAB19A5C25750815D922869A3174B4BC">S. Pugaev</collectorName>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="394A4DEFFD8FCF914125284F12A43100" collectingDate="2006-01-19" collectingDateMax="2006-01-21" collectingDateMin="2006-01-19" collectorName="Bokor N. P., G. Csorba, G. Ronkay" country="Cambodia" elevation="1" latitude="10.622833" location="Hill Station" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="104.02216" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Kampot Prov." typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="796A16FB5B940781276EA95F4A92BC30" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingCountry id="B055FFA08275BAE6CF8EED835D75219A" name="Cambodia">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="5288EC7BF0BA9D6FA12239AB234C2A6A" country="Cambodia" name="Kampot">Kampot Prov.</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectorName id="7B187DF0791E95302684A634EFC8DB16">Bokor N.P.</collectorName>
, 
<location id="353C8AD4465CC5C4E79392DAF99230F0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4BBF49DCED515060ABDF0B74D318B7BD:353C8AD4465CC5C4E79392DAF99230F0" country="Cambodia" latitude="10.622833" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="104.02216" name="Hill Station" stateProvince="Kampot Prov.">Hill Station</location>
, 
<quantity id="AA626781F92B5CCB7ACD4D7949A48DD1" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.025" unit="m" value="1.025">
<elevation id="F69A08EE4BD36E06D9DA946F30E278E7" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.025" unit="m" value="1.025">1.025 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="BEEED0E426ADF596C6BC32833708D4BC" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="37,37" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="10.622833">10°37,37'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="483A837D5B0A4CE5921B5D1657C35570" degrees="104" direction="east" minutes="01,33" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="104.02216">104°01,33'E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<collectingDate id="0511A00E3E3BF76DF4D26A0856263B10" value="2006-01-19" valueMax="2006-01-21" valueMin="2006-01-19">19-21.I.2006</collectingDate>
, leg. 
<collectorName id="B14E0558F99B9912FD89E435078554CA">G. Csorba</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="061896FF212FA643F988CE0F66E6DDFB">G. Ronkay</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
(MWM).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9A61C88F548E6F976027B42B38D6AA17" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" type="description">
<paragraph id="18B094A8D496959531D0818D4E0985BA" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F9C342FAB4F64904E13EB6FF4EDB2CF5" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">
<emphasis id="4FEF2886B075DA4B66AC7B84F08430AA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">Male</emphasis>
(Figs 
<figureCitation id="34DCB4DC6A66CA471D22B1285B129D5A" captionStart="Figures 9–14" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 9 - 14. 9 - male holotype A. kantonensis [1930], China, Kwangtung, [Lo fao shan] (ZMHU); 10 - male A. kantonensis Mell, [1930], N. Vietnam, Prov. Ninh Binh, Nho Quan Distr., Bong - Cuc Phuong vill., 20 ° 21 ' N, 105 ° 36 ' E, 6 - 9. X. 2008, 360 m, leg. Zolotuhin (MWM); 11 - female paratype A. kantonensis Mell, 1929, [China] [?? Lo Fao], &quot; ex Raupe &quot;, ex coll. R. Mell (ZMHU); 12 - female paratype A. kantonensis Mell, 1929, [China] [?? Lo Fao], ex Raupe, ex coll. R. Mell (ZMHU); 13 - male holotype A. chloralis sp. n., Vietnam, Cha Val, Nam Giang, Quang Nam, 15 ° 35 ' 21.9 &quot; N, 107 ° 29 ' 01.9 &quot; E, RTS, 546 m, 28. V. 2009, Tran Thieu Du leg. (coll. S. Pugaev); 14 - male paratype A. chloralis sp. n., N. Vietnam, Cao Bang Prov., Phi Oak Mts., Nguyen Binh Distr., Thanh Cang comm., Phia Den vill., 22 ° 34 ' N, 105 ° 52 ' E, 1030 m, pupa 10. XI. 2009, ex pupa 22. XII. 2009, leg. S. Pugaev (coll. S. Pugaev)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/487821" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">9</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="CF31116A189A0CF6D2A54966A9E6B25F" captionStart="Figures 9–14" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 9 - 14. 9 - male holotype A. kantonensis [1930], China, Kwangtung, [Lo fao shan] (ZMHU); 10 - male A. kantonensis Mell, [1930], N. Vietnam, Prov. Ninh Binh, Nho Quan Distr., Bong - Cuc Phuong vill., 20 ° 21 ' N, 105 ° 36 ' E, 6 - 9. X. 2008, 360 m, leg. Zolotuhin (MWM); 11 - female paratype A. kantonensis Mell, 1929, [China] [?? Lo Fao], &quot; ex Raupe &quot;, ex coll. R. Mell (ZMHU); 12 - female paratype A. kantonensis Mell, 1929, [China] [?? Lo Fao], ex Raupe, ex coll. R. Mell (ZMHU); 13 - male holotype A. chloralis sp. n., Vietnam, Cha Val, Nam Giang, Quang Nam, 15 ° 35 ' 21.9 &quot; N, 107 ° 29 ' 01.9 &quot; E, RTS, 546 m, 28. V. 2009, Tran Thieu Du leg. (coll. S. Pugaev); 14 - male paratype A. chloralis sp. n., N. Vietnam, Cao Bang Prov., Phi Oak Mts., Nguyen Binh Distr., Thanh Cang comm., Phia Den vill., 22 ° 34 ' N, 105 ° 52 ' E, 1030 m, pupa 10. XI. 2009, ex pupa 22. XII. 2009, leg. S. Pugaev (coll. S. Pugaev)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/487821" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">10</figureCitation>
; Figs 
<figureCitation id="2158EC2FB408690B8301DFFE0A8772FD" captionStart="Figures 50–57" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 50 - 57. 50, 51 - caterpillars A. kantonensis Mell, [1930] (after Mell 1929 [1930]: Tafel VIII, figs 9, 10); 52, 53 - Apha kantonensis Mell, [1930]; 54 - A. chloralis; 55 - eggs A. chloralis; 56 - antenna of A. zephyrus sp. n.; 57 - antenna of A. witti sp. n." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/487828" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">52</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="0837CD5952CA76A534A19EAB9E4B4BD3" captionStart="Figures 50–57" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 50 - 57. 50, 51 - caterpillars A. kantonensis Mell, [1930] (after Mell 1929 [1930]: Tafel VIII, figs 9, 10); 52, 53 - Apha kantonensis Mell, [1930]; 54 - A. chloralis; 55 - eggs A. chloralis; 56 - antenna of A. zephyrus sp. n.; 57 - antenna of A. witti sp. n." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/487828" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">53</figureCitation>
). Fore wing length 23-29 mm. Costal margin slightly curved, wing apex rounded or weakly acute. There is a dark spot in the yellow basal area of the fore wing. Basal fascia is dentate, inner margin distinct, vague distally. Discal dot is well expressed, round, brown or black. Antemedial fascia is crenulate, thick, with two such duplicating lines on the outer margin. Postmedial fascia is yellow, not well expressed, but with conspicuous inner dark-brown or black shadow which terminates at the wing apex, anterially to the apical patch. The apical patch is yellow, with an enclosed large ovoid dark spot. Submarginal fascia brown, dentate, hardly visible, but widened into well expressed dots on the veins. In the hind wing, the shadow of the postmedial fascia is terracotta, straight, with a slight apical curve, while the yellow postmedial fascia is not well expressed. Medial field is uniformly coloured citron-yellow. Moths emerging in the dry summer season are smaller than those of the wet winter season.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AF2927A24E060817FFF66E5509A30D67" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">
<emphasis id="56DAA6A3C8B66CF6260EC18071FE3584" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">Male genitalia</emphasis>
(Figs 
<figureCitation id="ACBCB98426610D023F5A3302099522A5" captionStart="Figures 24–27" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 24 - 27. Male genitalia: 24 - holotype A. kantonensis Mell, [1930], ZMHU- 2007 - 05, [China], ex coll. R. Mell; 25 - A. kantonensis Mell, [1930], MWM- 11.926, Cambodia, Kampot prov., Bokor M. P., Hill Station, 1025 m, 10 ° 37 ' 37 N 104 ° 01.33 E, 19 - 21. I. 2006, leg. G. Csorba &amp; G. Ronkay (MWM); 26 - holotype A. chloralis sp. n., Vietnam, Cha Val, Nam Giang, Quang Nam, 15 ° 35 ' 21.9 &quot; N, 107 ° 29 ' 01.9 &quot; E, RTS, 546 m, 28. V. 2009, Tran Thieu Du leg. (coll. S. Pugaev); 27 - paratype A. chloralis sp. n., N. Vietnam, Cao Bang Prov., Phi Oak Mts., Nguyen Binh Distr., Thanh Cang comm., Phia Den vill., 22 ° 34 ' N, 105 ° 52 ' E, 1030 m, pupa 10. XI. 2009, ex pupa 22. XII. 2009, leg. S. Pugaev (coll. S. Pugaev)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/487824" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">24</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1944FBAA032E4D7AF7CECB4E2E8E55A9" captionStart="Figures 24–27" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 24 - 27. Male genitalia: 24 - holotype A. kantonensis Mell, [1930], ZMHU- 2007 - 05, [China], ex coll. R. Mell; 25 - A. kantonensis Mell, [1930], MWM- 11.926, Cambodia, Kampot prov., Bokor M. P., Hill Station, 1025 m, 10 ° 37 ' 37 N 104 ° 01.33 E, 19 - 21. I. 2006, leg. G. Csorba &amp; G. Ronkay (MWM); 26 - holotype A. chloralis sp. n., Vietnam, Cha Val, Nam Giang, Quang Nam, 15 ° 35 ' 21.9 &quot; N, 107 ° 29 ' 01.9 &quot; E, RTS, 546 m, 28. V. 2009, Tran Thieu Du leg. (coll. S. Pugaev); 27 - paratype A. chloralis sp. n., N. Vietnam, Cao Bang Prov., Phi Oak Mts., Nguyen Binh Distr., Thanh Cang comm., Phia Den vill., 22 ° 34 ' N, 105 ° 52 ' E, 1030 m, pupa 10. XI. 2009, ex pupa 22. XII. 2009, leg. S. Pugaev (coll. S. Pugaev)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/487824" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">25</figureCitation>
). Bases of uncus lobes situated tightly against each other, their lobes are spatulate. In the valva, the costa is straight, the sacculus margin curved, the apex scoop-shaped and bearing 2 - 3 spurs. Saccus is not expressed. Aedeagus short, coecum almost the same length of the tube of the aedeagus. Vesica cone-shaped and angled at which point the cornuti change direction forming a bare membranous, circular zone lacking cornuti. Cornuti are of equal length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5B2FE85F48F6910381D0FDDC91535786" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">
<emphasis id="7E6539900F306735E5A95773CC0031BC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">Female</emphasis>
(Figs 
<figureCitation id="BD4F6D0A0DE0AE5E975F656F5343A9B4" captionStart="Figures 9–14" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 9 - 14. 9 - male holotype A. kantonensis [1930], China, Kwangtung, [Lo fao shan] (ZMHU); 10 - male A. kantonensis Mell, [1930], N. Vietnam, Prov. Ninh Binh, Nho Quan Distr., Bong - Cuc Phuong vill., 20 ° 21 ' N, 105 ° 36 ' E, 6 - 9. X. 2008, 360 m, leg. Zolotuhin (MWM); 11 - female paratype A. kantonensis Mell, 1929, [China] [?? Lo Fao], &quot; ex Raupe &quot;, ex coll. R. Mell (ZMHU); 12 - female paratype A. kantonensis Mell, 1929, [China] [?? Lo Fao], ex Raupe, ex coll. R. Mell (ZMHU); 13 - male holotype A. chloralis sp. n., Vietnam, Cha Val, Nam Giang, Quang Nam, 15 ° 35 ' 21.9 &quot; N, 107 ° 29 ' 01.9 &quot; E, RTS, 546 m, 28. V. 2009, Tran Thieu Du leg. (coll. S. Pugaev); 14 - male paratype A. chloralis sp. n., N. Vietnam, Cao Bang Prov., Phi Oak Mts., Nguyen Binh Distr., Thanh Cang comm., Phia Den vill., 22 ° 34 ' N, 105 ° 52 ' E, 1030 m, pupa 10. XI. 2009, ex pupa 22. XII. 2009, leg. S. Pugaev (coll. S. Pugaev)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/487821" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">11</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="23B12EE98DE27F3249439532AF25985B" captionStart="Figures 9–14" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 9 - 14. 9 - male holotype A. kantonensis [1930], China, Kwangtung, [Lo fao shan] (ZMHU); 10 - male A. kantonensis Mell, [1930], N. Vietnam, Prov. Ninh Binh, Nho Quan Distr., Bong - Cuc Phuong vill., 20 ° 21 ' N, 105 ° 36 ' E, 6 - 9. X. 2008, 360 m, leg. Zolotuhin (MWM); 11 - female paratype A. kantonensis Mell, 1929, [China] [?? Lo Fao], &quot; ex Raupe &quot;, ex coll. R. Mell (ZMHU); 12 - female paratype A. kantonensis Mell, 1929, [China] [?? Lo Fao], ex Raupe, ex coll. R. Mell (ZMHU); 13 - male holotype A. chloralis sp. n., Vietnam, Cha Val, Nam Giang, Quang Nam, 15 ° 35 ' 21.9 &quot; N, 107 ° 29 ' 01.9 &quot; E, RTS, 546 m, 28. V. 2009, Tran Thieu Du leg. (coll. S. Pugaev); 14 - male paratype A. chloralis sp. n., N. Vietnam, Cao Bang Prov., Phi Oak Mts., Nguyen Binh Distr., Thanh Cang comm., Phia Den vill., 22 ° 34 ' N, 105 ° 52 ' E, 1030 m, pupa 10. XI. 2009, ex pupa 22. XII. 2009, leg. S. Pugaev (coll. S. Pugaev)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/487821" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">12</figureCitation>
). Fore wing length 30-35 mm. Apart from the much wider wings, the female is markedly different to the male in the colour of the outer margins which are not yellow but light brown. The postmedial fascia on the fore wing is yellow and falls short of the apex by about 3 mm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA55D325EB40375AC583AA69787FC899" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">
<emphasis id="DB219B52F068DD26B595F1D4AE1AC078" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">Female genitalia</emphasis>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation id="6D66411A8B6D63D4A24E85B092C8BA1E" captionStart="Figures 28–30" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 28 - 30. Female genitalia: 28 - female allotype A. zephyrus sp. n., ZFMK- 2011 - 02, China, Prov. Nord-Yuennan, Li-kiang, 2.000 m, 3. VII. 1935, H. Hoene (ZFMK); 29 - female allotype A. witti sp. n., MWM- 17.297, China / Sichuan, Qionglai Shan, 31 ° 13 ' N, 102 ° 23 ' E, May 2006, 1400 m, leg. Siniaev &amp; his team (MWM); 30 - female paratype A. kantonensis Mell, [1930], ZMHU- 2007 - 08, [China], &quot; ex Raupe &quot;, ex coll. R. Mell (ZMHU)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/487825" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">30</figureCitation>
). Papillae anales are bean-shaped. Anterior apophyses are more slender and longer than the posterior. The postvaginal plate is wide with two rounded, lateral lobes in its upper half. The antevaginal plate has a deep, rounded, medial incision, which divides the plate into two lobes, each lobe is elongated, curved, strongly widened distally to form a fishtail shape and with rounded apical corners. Antrum is wide and short, slightly sclerotized. Ductus is wide at antrum and distinctly narrowed at the teardrop-shaped corpus bursae which has a thorn-shaped signum with a round base at its equator.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="35EBB07734CC79A26E31344CD65753CB" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="32772104A0AB0D2A23EDCFFD6BE5DAE4" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BADF6C80088342612D84F6372617683B" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">
The brown shadow of the postmedial fascia reaches the wing margin at the apex in contrast to 
<taxonomicName id="56A8CE14F58F33337B926897BC82EC4B" class="Insecta" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. floralis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floralis">
<emphasis id="94C7FD5917F7C38C9B6B013B1C3B5324" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">A. floralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="A8D5C57E62DD4E28B7ED54DE5AA402EA" class="Insecta" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. zephyrus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zephyrus">
<emphasis id="845ABFFE6E5BFA0AB0BE637FFAD3F45E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">A. zephyrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="D8ED7A4E79415D3AC5645E0B10F2B3DE" class="Insecta" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. witti" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="witti">
<emphasis id="1F422D4724808FACFC09F6C000673CA6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">A. witti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which terminates approximately 5 mm from the wing apex. It is very similar to 
<taxonomicName id="F81E791BF28A8E4B11C0A65BD6698BA0" class="Insecta" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. chloralis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chloralis">
<emphasis id="5481F7A1E3E029922F98A9D3A9AAED9F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">A. chloralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in colour and pattern, but in the latter species the submarginal fasciae are vague or absent in the hind wings; in the male genitalia the lobes of the uncus are spatulate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CCE30BFF68353CA428EA822869B06D7E" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" type="bionomics">
<paragraph id="824AE2CDDED24AF6D626DE542E56A93E" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">Bionomics.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9B9DB89D1CCDF15B70D3E5321210C6D2" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">
Localized but rather common in Hong Kong (Roger Kendrick, pers. comm., see also http://www.hkwildlife.net/viewthread.php?tid=12308). Moths are on the wing as two to four generations per year: two are obligate - the first with emergence from October to January; the second from April to May. Intermediate generations are known to occasionally occur. The species is typically coastal and is not known from the interior of the continent. In contrast to 
<taxonomicName id="3F284D7002C2568856020B4597D94337" class="Insecta" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. chloralis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chloralis">
<emphasis id="87C27051102070E87792207F72C7E602" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">A. chloralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., it does not occur in the higher mountains and is mostly known from lowlands (100 m) up to 1.025 m. The biology of the species was studied by 
<bibRefCitation id="55EFE98CF4D174D4E98C0FEEAC612963" author="Mell, R" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" pagination="337 - 494" publicationUrl="https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Deutsche-Ent-Zeitschrift_1929_0337-0494.pdf" refId="B5" refString="Mell, R, 1929 [1930]. Die Brahmaeiden und Eupterotiden Chinas. Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift 5: 337 - 494, https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Deutsche-Ent-Zeitschrift_1929_0337-0494.pdf" title="Die Brahmaeiden und Eupterotiden Chinas." url="https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Deutsche-Ent-Zeitschrift_1929_0337-0494.pdf" volume="5" year="1929 [1930]">Mell (1929 [1930])</bibRefCitation>
who also figured the caterpillars and pupa of the species (Figs 
<figureCitation id="17AB0EFA0A70CD33971FF4E15FA1DB71" captionStart="Figures 31–34" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 31 - 34. Pupal characters of Apha: 31 - frontal shield of a pupa of A. chloralis sp. n.; 32 - same for A. kantonensis Mell, [1930] (after Mell 1929 [1930]); 33, 34 - cremaster of a pupa of A. chloralis." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/487826" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">32</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="34C9D01F5511E089136DCA03E8A60211" captionStart="Figures 50–57" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 50 - 57. 50, 51 - caterpillars A. kantonensis Mell, [1930] (after Mell 1929 [1930]: Tafel VIII, figs 9, 10); 52, 53 - Apha kantonensis Mell, [1930]; 54 - A. chloralis; 55 - eggs A. chloralis; 56 - antenna of A. zephyrus sp. n.; 57 - antenna of A. witti sp. n." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/487828" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">50</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="D3FD24F533BD2CEE47B701C0D7680DF4" captionStart="Figures 50–57" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 50 - 57. 50, 51 - caterpillars A. kantonensis Mell, [1930] (after Mell 1929 [1930]: Tafel VIII, figs 9, 10); 52, 53 - Apha kantonensis Mell, [1930]; 54 - A. chloralis; 55 - eggs A. chloralis; 56 - antenna of A. zephyrus sp. n.; 57 - antenna of A. witti sp. n." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/487828" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">51</figureCitation>
). The watery off-white eggs of 
<taxonomicName id="8223F5CF3069B4ACCD8D0B6A1F9086D2" class="Insecta" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. kantonensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kantonensis">
<emphasis id="836E393EC51241B6F6E3DE1E0B036470" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">A. kantonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are approximately 1.5 mm in diameter and 0.76 mm in height. Eggs laid in April hatch in 10 - 12 days. Before hatching, eggs become darker, changing through yellow to brown. Caterpillars of the first instar are 5 mm long, with whitish body and yellow head. There are two rows of black subdorsal verrucas covered with whitish setae of similar length to the larval body (5 - 7 mm). On being disturbed, the caterpillars curl up into a ball which helps them to be rolled away by wind - rather like the seeds of some plants. After the first moult the basic colour changes to whitish-yellow, the caterpillars becoming a bit brighter. After the second moult the head becomes rusty yellow. The number of rusty hairs increases after the third moult. In the fifth instar, after the fourth moult, the caterpillar becomes completely brown with shiny red-brown hairs of approximately 1 cm densely covering its body (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="A4C9F0B7C4E6FFD51BF63BCBA6DAFBAF" captionStart="Figures 50–57" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 50 - 57. 50, 51 - caterpillars A. kantonensis Mell, [1930] (after Mell 1929 [1930]: Tafel VIII, figs 9, 10); 52, 53 - Apha kantonensis Mell, [1930]; 54 - A. chloralis; 55 - eggs A. chloralis; 56 - antenna of A. zephyrus sp. n.; 57 - antenna of A. witti sp. n." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/487828" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">50</figureCitation>
). Maximum size of the caterpillars ranged from 4.5 - 5.8 cm. Mell recorded only 4 moults for caterpillars of this species, i.e. only 5 instars. It contradicts our data concerning allied species as well as other species of this family which all have 7 instars. Host plants are 
<taxonomicName id="316D7863653ECED2B90AF007D757A5E8" class="Insecta" family="Caprifoliaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Caprifoliaceae</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="F5532B43E3022995FA0FD570CD651859" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lonicera macrantha" order="Dipsacales" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrantha">
<emphasis id="40B4309F4808BC7DF25D595A36BFA24A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">Lonicera macrantha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="A7159C394278D6900D60487C0F711849" lsidName="L. confusa" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" rank="species" species="confusa">
<emphasis id="CDA0BE2A7D9916ABA3497B10FDB2D4AA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">L. confusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but other bushes and trees could be also be utilized (
<bibRefCitation id="26690CD76783EDA607884AB098FA33CF" author="Mell, R" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" pagination="337 - 494" publicationUrl="https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Deutsche-Ent-Zeitschrift_1929_0337-0494.pdf" refId="B5" refString="Mell, R, 1929 [1930]. Die Brahmaeiden und Eupterotiden Chinas. Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift 5: 337 - 494, https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Deutsche-Ent-Zeitschrift_1929_0337-0494.pdf" title="Die Brahmaeiden und Eupterotiden Chinas." url="https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Deutsche-Ent-Zeitschrift_1929_0337-0494.pdf" volume="5" year="1929 [1930]">Mell 1929 [1930]</bibRefCitation>
: 422).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="65360AD44E0CEBA2A98B7A27D788CA4C" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">
Caterpillars grow fast; the spring generation develops in only 31 - 33 days. The pupa is sheltered between leaves in a dense but soft cocoon of 25-35 mm length, densely covered with larval setae. Male pupae reach 22 mm, the females 28 - 29 mm. Antennal cases of both sexes are more than twice as thick at the level of mid legs bases. Cremaster is straight. Pupal (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="9782D4D18C8884FC37957F19E4024D9B" captionStart="Figures 35–49" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 35 - 49. Preimaginal stages of A. chloralis: 35 - eggs; 36 - head of the caterpillars L 6; 37, 38 - L 1; 39, 40 - L 2; 41, 42 - L 3; 43 - L 4; 44, 45 - L 5; 46, 47 - L 6; 48 - L 7; 49 - pupa." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/487827" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">36</figureCitation>
) development is very uneven and usually takes from 14 - 19 but may increase up to 32 - 35 days, pupal diapauses have been recorded up to 114 days (loc. cit.: 424). Mell records copulation by females immediately after hatching; they begin oviposition in 4 days and can lay all their eggs in a single night; female fertility is 87 - 160 eggs.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="54F7FA463D1C023395C975966303ED68" pageId="0" pageNumber="611" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="48543DF137AB21DFE2313490A5DB7324" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AE0243C708066531B780CF6B8C4F4189" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">
South-eastern China: Guangdong; Vietnam; Cambodia (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="E105D97FE59E2912E7EED943CC3C0015" captionStart="Figures 58–59" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 58 - 59. Distribution maps of Apha floralis group." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/487829" pageId="0" pageNumber="611">59</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>