161 lines
15 KiB
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161 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.278.4743" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f1552ab9-004d-4671-90f5-8ff8f57df118" ID-PMC="PMC3677346" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-278-1" ID-PubMed="23794827" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-278-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 278" ModsDocTitle="Phylogeny and host-plant relationships of the Australian Myrtaceae leafmining moth genus Pectinivalva (Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae), with new subgenera and species" checkinTime="1451247569814" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hoare, Robert J. B. & Nieukerken, Erik J. van" docDate="2013" docId="4B923C6684A18AF380837A200AEEAC82" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 278: 1-64" docOrigin="ZooKeys 278" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.278.4743" docTitle="Pectinivalva (Casanovula) minotaurus Hoare, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="29" masterDocId="FF8DFFFD8A3D1872FFEEFFD9FFB1FF90" masterDocTitle="Phylogeny and host-plant relationships of the Australian Myrtaceae leafmining moth genus Pectinivalva (Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae), with new subgenera and species" masterLastPageNumber="64" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="27" updateTime="1668155497724" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Phylogeny and host-plant relationships of the Australian Myrtaceae leafmining moth genus Pectinivalva (Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae), with new subgenera and species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hoare, Robert J. B.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Nieukerken, Erik J. van</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>278</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>64</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.278.4743</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.278.4743</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-278-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152041669" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:72FAEDB0-F837-4C78-90E3-3ABB6F805085" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4B923C6684A18AF380837A200AEEAC82" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:72FAEDB0-F837-4C78-90E3-3ABB6F805085" authority="Hoare" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pectinivalva (Casanovula) minotaurus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minotaurus" subGenus="Casanovula">Pectinivalva (Casanovula) minotaurus Hoare</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="26" pageNumber="27">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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Holotype. ♂, 27.36S 151.59E, Leslie St., Toowoomba, Qld, emg. 19.ii.1996,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Lophostemon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lophostemon confertus" order="Myrtales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confertus">Lophostemon confertus</taxonomicName>
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, R.J.B. Hoare, I.F.B. Common. Paratypes. 2♂, 6♀, same data as holotype, emg. 2.-27.ii., 1.iii.1996, slide 11325 (anic); 11♂, 17♀, same locality, emg. 2.i.-2.ii.2001,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Lophostemon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lophostemon confertus" order="Myrtales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confertus">Lophostemon confertus</taxonomicName>
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, R.J.B. Hoare, C. van den Berg, genitalia slides CvdB110, EvN 3539, 3547 (rmnh); 3♀, 27.33S, 151.59E, Prince Henry Heights, Toowoomba, Queensland, emg. 15, 18.ii.1986,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Lophostemon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lophostemon confertus" order="Myrtales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confertus">Lophostemon confertus</taxonomicName>
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, I.F.B. Common, slide 10209 (anic); 1♂, 1♀, Brisbane, Queensland, emg. 30.xii.1957,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Lophostemon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lophostemon suaveolens" order="Myrtales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="suaveolens">Lophostemon suaveolens</taxonomicName>
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, I.F.B. Common, slides 11507, 11582 (anic); 1♂, Goodna, [Queensland], 8.iv.1906, [A.J. Turner], slide 11506 (anic).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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Male (Fig. 8). Wingspan 4.7-5.5 mm. Head capsule (Figs 27-30): labial palpi 3-segmented; segment 2 reduced, maxillary palpi with ratio of segments from base approximately 0.3: 0.8: 0.6: 1.7: 1.0; interocular index 0.57; vertex with a pair of sclerotized crests. Frontal tuft ferruginous; collar ferruginous; eyecaps white, posteriorly leaden; antennae with flagellomeres in basal
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<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
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greatly dilated and flattened, tapering beyond this, shining lead-grey, yellowish beneath, ca. 43-48 segments. Thorax and tegulae dark fuscous with purplish reflections. Forewing to
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<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
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dark fuscous with bluish and purplish reflections; beyond this dark fuscous with bronzy reflections; a shining pale golden
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<pageBreakToken pageId="27" pageNumber="28" start="start">fascia</pageBreakToken>
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at 2/3, apex of wing at base of cilia with purplish reflections; cilia grey beyond a line of fuscous-tipped scales, pale brownish around apex. Hindwing grey, unmodified; cilia grey. Abdomen with T2-3 shining brassy golden, remaining tergites shining dark lead
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<pageBreakToken pageId="28" pageNumber="29" start="start">en</pageBreakToken>
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with green and violet reflections; T4 laterally with contiguous groups of androconial scales of two types: inner scales scallop-shaped, finely ridged; outer scales calyx-shaped, coarsely ribbed; T5 with similar area of androconia consisting entirely of scallop-shaped scales (Figs 37, 38), these showing as velvet black crescents on abdomen in situ.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Female (Fig. 9). Wingspan 4.7-5.8 mm. Similar to male, but antennae not dilated at base, ca 21-24 segments; abdomen entirely leaden with brassy reflections.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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Male genitalia (Figs 46-48, 62, 63). Capsule ca. 360-375
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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. Anterior extension of vinculum reduced to curved lateral struts, i.e. vinculum anteriorly H-shaped. Uncus subtriangular, bilobed, with a compact tuft of setae arising from dorsal side of each lobe near tip. Gnathos with elongate central element and short lateral arms. Valva (Fig. 47) ca. 235
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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, squarish, caudal margin very straight; pectinifer consisting of ca. 29 narrow elements. Transtilla absent. Aedeagus (Figs 48, 63) 545
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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, with single broad, blunt apical process. Vesica with numerous close-set spine-like cornuti in several groups.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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Female genitalia (Fig. 75, 86-88). Total length 800-880
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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. T9 with ca 9 setae on each side. Apophyses anteriores reduced to rounded stubs; apophyses posteriores narrow, much longer than anteriores. Lateral sclerotizations of vestibulum narrow, bent inwards, tips squared off. Ductus spermathecae with 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
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convolutions. Posterior part of corpus bursae very convoluted; anterior part with many coarse pectinations in right half; left half with a few fine pectinations only; no further sclerotizations in corpus.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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Larva. Green. Head (Fig. 106) parallel-sided; length of head ca. 250
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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; width ca. 215
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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. Thorax: prothoracic sternite as in Fig. 111. Chaetotaxy as described for subgenus; T2 with 11 pairs of setae (L3 present), A10 probably with 3 pairs (but 1 pair possibly lost in slide examined). Anal rods distinctly forked posteriorly.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="biology">
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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Host plants:
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Lophostemon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lophostemon confertus" order="Myrtales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confertus">Lophostemon confertus</taxonomicName>
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(R.Br.) Peter G.Wilson & J.T.Waterh.and
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Lophostemon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lophostemon suaveolens" order="Myrtales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="suaveolens">Lophostemon suaveolens</taxonomicName>
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(Sol. ex Gaertn.) Peter G.Wilson & J.T.Waterh. (
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<taxonomicName genus="Myrtaceae" lsidName="Myrtaceae" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="genus">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
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). Egg: invariably on upperside of leaf. Mine (Fig. 118): commences as very long narrow gallery with black linear frass, leaving narrow clear margins, broadens rather abruptly into an irregular wide gallery or elongate blotch, sometimes with gallery parts, with central line of black frass or in the case of the blotch, frass concentrated on one or both sides; exit-hole on underside, an almost circular hole. Cocoon (Fig. 125): dark reddish brown. Occupied mines have been collected on 6 and 17 July and 15 August. A male pupa (pharate adult) is shown in Figs 126, 127.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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Very similar externally to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pectinivalva (Casanovula) brevipalpa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipalpa" subGenus="Casanovula">Pectinivalva (Casanovula) brevipalpa</taxonomicName>
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in both sexes; diagnostic characters are listed under that species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Southern Queensland.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="dna barcode">
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">DNA barcode.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">RMNH.INS.23539, Genbank KC292478 and RMNH.INS.23547, Genbank KC292477, both identical.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="derivation">
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Derivation.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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The species is named after the famous beast of Greek mythology, the Minotaur. The name (a noun in apposition) refers to the extraordinarily expanded and flattened male antennae, which are likened to the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Minotaur’s">Minotaur's</normalizedToken>
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horns.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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The antennae of the male are the most strongly modified of any known species of
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<taxonomicName family="Nepticulidae" lsidName="" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="family">Nepticulidae</taxonomicName>
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. Although many male-specific head structures in other insects
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<pageBreakToken pageId="29" pageNumber="30" start="start">are</pageBreakToken>
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utilized in male-male competitive interactions over mates (e.g. the lateral cephalic projections of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Phytalmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phytalmia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phytalmia</taxonomicName>
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spp,
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<taxonomicName family="Tephritidae" lsidName="" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rank="family">Tephritidae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Moulds, MS" journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Entomology" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="347 - 352" title="Field observations on behaviour of a north Queensland species of Phytalmia (Diptera: Tephritidae)." url="10.1111/j.1440–6055.1977.tb00116.x" volume="16" year="1977">Moulds 1977</bibRefCitation>
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)), such direct competition is unknown in
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Lepidoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lepidoptera" order="Malvales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
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, and the antennae of minotaurus are more likely to function in close-range courtship, along with the androconial scales on the male abdomen. Similar widened flagellomeres are known from the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tineidae" genus="Thisizima" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thisizima" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Thisizima</taxonomicName>
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Walker, 1864 in
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<taxonomicName family="Tineidae" lsidName="" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rank="family">Tineidae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Yang, L" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="109 - 120" title="Taxonomic study of the genus Thisizima Walker, 1864 in China, with descriptions of two new species (Lepidoptera: Tineidae)." url="10.3897/zookeys.254.3952" volume="254" year="2012">Yang et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
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). The androconial scales are also remarkable, two distinct types being present in contiguous patches on the abdominal dorsum.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |