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<mods:title>Leveraging female genitalic characters for generic and species delimitation in Nilomantis Werner, 1907 and Ilomantis Giglio-Tos, 1915 (Mantodea, Nilomantinae)</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName authority="Werner, 1907" authorityName="Werner" authorityYear="1907" box="[106,410,1536,1563]" class="Insecta" family="Iridopterygidae" genus="Nilomantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="26" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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Nilomantis
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Werner,
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<emphasis box="[106,223,1589,1615]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="235">Nilomantis</emphasis>
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Werner,
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:
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Beier
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Beier
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Uvarov
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Chopard
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Roy &amp; Leston
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Edmunds
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:
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–7, 34;
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Kaltenbach
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:
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Edmunds
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: 41
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, 45;
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Ehrmann
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:
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;
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Otte &amp; Spearman
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:
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<taxonomicName authority="Giglio-Tos, 1915: 45" authorityName="Giglio-Tos" authorityPageNumber="45" authorityYear="1915" box="[128,518,204,231]" class="Insecta" family="Iridopterygidae" genus="Cryptomantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[128,274,204,230]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Cryptomantis</emphasis>
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Giglio-Tos,
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Giglio-Tos
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Roy &amp; Leston
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Ehrmann
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<heading box="[98,222,309,334]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" reason="1">
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<typeStatus box="[98,147,309,334]" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Type</typeStatus>
species
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<paragraph blockId="27.[98,470,360,386]" box="[98,470,360,386]" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">
<heading box="[98,470,360,386]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" reason="1">
<taxonomicName authority="Werner, 1907" authorityName="Werner" authorityYear="1907" box="[98,466,360,386]" class="Insecta" family="Iridopterygidae" genus="Nilomantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floweri">
<emphasis box="[98,300,360,386]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Nilomantis floweri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Werner, F." box="[307,466,360,386]" journalOrPublisher="In Kommission bei Alfred Holder, Vienna" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" refString="Werner, F. (1907) Ergebnisse der mit Subvention aus der Erbschaft Treitl unternommenen zoologischen Forschungsreise Dr. Franz Werner's in den agyptischen Sudan und nach Nord-Uganda: Orthoptera Blattaeformia. VII. aus der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Hof-und Staatsdruckerei. In Kommission bei Alfred Holder, Vienna." title="Ergebnisse der mit Subvention aus der Erbschaft Treitl unternommenen zoologischen Forschungsreise Dr. Franz Werner's in den agyptischen Sudan und nach Nord-Uganda: Orthoptera Blattaeformia. VII. aus der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Hof-und Staatsdruckerei" type="book" year="1907">
Werner,
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.
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<heading box="[98,202,430,455]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" reason="1">
<emphasis box="[98,202,430,455]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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Small, slender mantises (body length
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), green; fully developed wings. Body and anterior margin of forewings lightly ciliated. Pronotal medial keel present. Head capsule dorsoventrally compressed; compound eyes dorsoventrally compressed, laterally conical, blunted. Head capsule with relatively straight vertical margin; cranial vertex with no projections. Lower frons featuring an arcuate carina. Female genitalia: gonoplac (GL) features a rounded dilation on the anteroventral margin; gonapophysis IX (GP) apex acuminate. Male genitalia: lobo membranoso (loa) with varying levels of sclerotization and distal crenulation; ventral sclerotization of the left phallomere (L
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A) terminates in two lobes.
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<emphasis box="[98,190,828,854]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Remarks</emphasis>
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As evidenced by external and internal morphological characters, as well as by the geographical distribution of the genera, we contend that
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<emphasis box="[733,855,914,940]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Nilomantis</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis box="[920,1022,914,940]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Ilomantis</emphasis>
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are separate, valid genera.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[98,575,1052,1079]" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">
Key to
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[184,317,1052,1079]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">Nilomantis</emphasis>
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Werner,
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species
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. Female genitalia: Gonocoxa VIII (VF) internal margin rounded; from LH, VF without projection. Apical lobe (AL) ovoid, ciliated. Gonoplac (GL) ventral margin rugose, dorsal margin relatively smooth. Male genitalia: lobo membranoso (loa) heavily sclerotized and strongly crenulated distally; processo apical (paa) narrow and recurved apically. The ventral sclerotization of the left phallomere (L
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A) relatively narrow, terminating into two triangular lobes; processo distale (pda) terminating in a lightly sclerotized point. Processo ventrale sclerificato (pva) and piastra ventrale (pia) reduced and closely adjoined. Distributed within the Sahara-Sahel region of Africa and
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.
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<emphasis box="[992,1065,1382,1408]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="236">floweri</emphasis>
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<number box="[98,113,1452,1478]" pageId="27" pageNumber="236" value="1.0">1</number>
’. Female genitalia: VF internal margin approximately angular in appearance; from LH, VF possesses a distinct knob-like projection that is directed dorsad. AL ovoid, pitted; GL dorsal and ventral margins relatively smooth. Male genitalia: loa invaginated and very lightly crenulated distally; paa broad and recurved. L
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A broad, terminating into two well separated, apically rounded lobes; pda broad, largely rounded. Pva and pia sclerotized, finger-like. Distributed within
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and the
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[106,498,134,161]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">
Nilomantis floweri
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<emphasis box="[106,307,186,212]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">Nilomantis floweri</emphasis>
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Roy &amp; Leston
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Kaltenbach
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:
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;
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Ehrmann
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:
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;
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Otte &amp; Spearman
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<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="28" pageNumber="237">
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<emphasis box="[106,333,290,317]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">Cryptomantis tenella</emphasis>
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Giglio-Tos,
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Giglio-Tos
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;
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<emphasis box="[106,313,360,386]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">Nilomantis arabica</emphasis>
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Beier,
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:
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<treatmentCitation author="Chopard, L." page="132" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" year="1950">
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:
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[
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]
<taxonomicName authority="(Giglio-Tos, 1915) Beier, 1935: 55" authorityName="(Giglio-Tos, 1915) Beier" authorityPageNumber="55" authorityYear="1935" box="[392,840,429,456]" class="Insecta" family="Iridopterygidae" genus="Cryptomantis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenella">
tenella (
<bibRefCitation author="Giglio-Tos, E." box="[473,659,429,456]" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della R. Universita di Torino" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" pagination="1 - 16" part="30" refString="Giglio-Tos, E. (1915) Mantidi esotici. VIII. Acromantinae. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della R. Universita di Torino 30: 1 - 16." title="Mantidi esotici. VIII. Acromantinae" type="journal article" year="1915">
Giglio-Tos,
<number box="[602,659,429,456]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="1915.0">1915</number>
</bibRefCitation>
)
<treatmentCitation author="Beier, M." box="[674,840,429,456]" page="55" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" year="1935">
<bibRefCitation author="Beier, M." box="[674,800,429,456]" journalOrPublisher="Wytsman, Brussels" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" refString="Beier, M. (1935) Genera Insectorum, Vol. 201. Mantodea. Subfamilie: Orthoderinae, Choeradodinae, Deroplatinae. Wytsman, Brussels." title="Genera Insectorum, Vol. 201. Mantodea. Subfamilie: Orthoderinae, Choeradodinae, Deroplatinae" type="book" year="1935">
Beier,
<number box="[740,800,429,456]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="1935.0">1935</number>
</bibRefCitation>
:
<number box="[810,840,429,456]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="55.0">55</number>
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
;
<treatmentCitation author="Ehrmann, R." box="[851,1072,429,455]" page="242" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" year="2002">
<bibRefCitation author="Ehrmann, R." box="[851,1021,429,455]" journalOrPublisher="Munster, Natur und Tier Verlag Munster" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" refString="Ehrmann, R. (2002) Mantodea: Gottesanberinnen der Welt. Munster, Natur und Tier Verlag Munster." title="Mantodea: Gottesanberinnen der Welt" type="book" year="2002">
Ehrmann
<number box="[961,1021,429,455]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="2002.0">2002</number>
</bibRefCitation>
:
<number box="[1030,1072,429,455]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="242.0">242</number>
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="237" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="28.[106,326,504,530]" box="[106,326,504,530]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">
<heading box="[106,326,504,530]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" reason="1">
<emphasis box="[106,326,504,530]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">Examined specimens</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="28.[106,1074,556,825]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">
The list consists of
<specimenCount box="[321,462,556,582]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" type="generic">
<number box="[321,336,556,582]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="4.0">4</number>
specimens
</specimenCount>
.
<collectingCountry box="[473,621,556,582]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
:
<emphasis box="[632,895,556,582]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">Escarpement de Raydah,</emphasis>
<number box="[902,917,556,582]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="1.0">1</number>
♀, Formation arborée à Ficus et Olea,
<number box="[407,436,590,616]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="18.0">18</number>
°
<number box="[447,474,590,616]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="11.0">11</number>
’
<number box="[479,511,590,616]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="67.0">67</number>
N -
<number box="[583,612,591,617]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="42.0">42</number>
<emphasis box="[613,625,591,617]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">°</emphasis>
<number box="[624,655,591,617]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="23.0">23</number>
’
<number box="[660,690,591,617]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="33.0">33</number>
E,
<quantity box="[741,825,591,617]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.92" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" unit="m" value="1920.0">1920m</quantity>
,
<number box="[843,873,591,617]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="29.0">29</number>
/
<date box="[882,1022,591,617]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="1992-06-30">
<number box="[882,912,591,617]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="30.0">30</number>
-VI-
<number box="[962,1022,591,617]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="1992.0">1992</number>
</date>
, M. Donskoff reç., Genitalia No. 0 0 0
<geoCoordinate box="[478,526,625,651]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" precision="925" value="-0.016666668">
0
<number box="[493,503,625,651]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="1.0">1</number>
S
</geoCoordinate>
. K. Brannoch (
<collectionCode box="[695,796,625,651]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">MNHN</collectionCode>
);
<number box="[815,830,625,651]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="1.0">1</number>
♀, Formation arborée à Ficus et Olea,
<number box="[283,312,660,686]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="18.0">18</number>
°
<number box="[322,349,660,686]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="11.0">11</number>
’
<number box="[355,387,660,686]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="67.0">67</number>
N -
<number box="[438,467,660,686]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="42.0">42</number>
<emphasis box="[468,480,660,686]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">°</emphasis>
<number box="[479,510,660,686]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="23.0">23</number>
’
<number box="[515,545,660,686]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="33.0">33</number>
E,
<quantity box="[582,673,660,686]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.92" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" unit="m" value="1920.0">1920 m</quantity>
,
<number box="[684,714,660,686]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="29.0">29</number>
/
<date box="[723,862,660,686]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="1992-06-30">
<number box="[723,753,660,686]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="30.0">30</number>
-VI-
<number box="[802,862,660,686]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="1992.0">1992</number>
</date>
, M. Donskoff reç., Genitalia No. 0 0 0
<geoCoordinate box="[318,375,695,721]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" precision="925" value="-0.033333335">
0
<number box="[333,347,695,721]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="2.0">2</number>
S
</geoCoordinate>
. K. Brannoch (
<collectionCode box="[558,659,695,721]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">MNHN</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount box="[682,719,695,721]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" type="generic">
<number box="[682,697,695,721]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="1.0">1</number>
♂
</specimenCount>
, Formation arborée à Ficus et Olea,
<number box="[173,202,729,755]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="18.0">18</number>
°
<number box="[212,239,729,755]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="11.0">11</number>
’
<number box="[244,276,729,755]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="67.0">67</number>
N -
<number box="[326,355,729,755]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="42.0">42</number>
<emphasis box="[356,368,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">°</emphasis>
<number box="[367,398,729,755]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="23.0">23</number>
’
<number box="[403,433,729,755]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="33.0">33</number>
E,
<quantity box="[469,553,729,755]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.92" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" unit="m" value="1920.0">1920m</quantity>
,
<number box="[564,594,729,755]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="29.0">29</number>
/
<date box="[603,743,729,755]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="1992-06-30">
<number box="[603,633,729,755]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="30.0">30</number>
-VI-
<number box="[683,743,729,755]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="1992.0">1992</number>
</date>
, M. Donskoff reç. (
<collectionCode box="[959,1060,729,755]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">MNHN</collectionCode>
);
<emphasis box="[106,262,764,790]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">Wadi Turabah</emphasis>
,
<specimenCount box="[276,313,764,791]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" type="generic">
<number box="[276,291,764,790]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="1.0">1</number>
♂
</specimenCount>
, milieu de vallée,
<number box="[517,548,764,790]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="20.0">20</number>
°
<number box="[557,587,764,790]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="27.0">27</number>
’
<number box="[592,620,764,790]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="12.0">12</number>
N -
<number box="[667,697,764,790]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="41.0">41</number>
°
<number box="[707,737,764,790]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="10.0">10</number>
’
<number box="[741,770,764,790]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="61.0">61</number>
E,
<quantity box="[809,901,764,790]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.33" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" unit="m" value="1330.0">1330 m</quantity>
,
<date box="[913,1068,764,790]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="1992-07-03">
03-VII-
<number box="[1007,1068,764,790]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="1992.0">1992</number>
</date>
, M., Donskoff reç., Genitalia No. 0 0 0
<geoCoordinate box="[530,582,799,825]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" precision="925" value="-0.05">
0
<number box="[545,558,799,825]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="3.0">3</number>
S
</geoCoordinate>
. K. Brannoch (
<collectionCode box="[756,854,799,825]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">MNHN</collectionCode>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="238" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="28.[106,386,873,899]" box="[106,386,873,899]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">
<heading box="[106,386,873,899]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" reason="1">
<emphasis box="[106,386,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">Male genitalia description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="28.[106,1074,925,1195]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">
Based on an examination of the genital complex of
<taxonomicName box="[708,820,925,951]" class="Insecta" family="Iridopterygidae" genus="Nilomantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floweri">
<emphasis box="[708,820,925,951]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">N. floweri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as well as plates presented by
<bibRefCitation author="Roy, R. &amp; Leston, D." box="[221,470,960,987]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (IFAN) Serie A" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" pagination="297 - 344" part="37" refString="Roy, R. &amp; Leston, D. (1975) Mantodea of Ghana: new species, further records and habitats. Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (IFAN) Serie A 37: 297 - 344." title="Mantodea of Ghana: new species, further records and habitats" type="journal article" year="1975">
Roy &amp; Leston (
<number box="[399,461,960,987]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="1975.0">1975</number>
)
</bibRefCitation>
, the anterior process (ap) is lightly sclerotized, undulate. Apical process (paa) features a broad base with an anterior dilation; paa narrow and recurved distally. Apophysis phalloide (L
<number box="[634,644,1029,1055]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="1.0">1</number>
) does not retain the apophysis; lobo membranoso (loa) heavily sclerotized and strongly crenulated distally. Processo distale (pda) narrows apically, terminating in a moderately sclerotized, blunted point. There is a second, triangular lobe to the right of pda. Processo ventrale sclerificato (pva) and piastra ventrale (pia) reduced, heavily sclerotized, and closely adjoined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="28.[106,1074,1242,1650]" lastBlockId="29.[98,1066,134,404]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="238" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">
<emphasis box="[106,406,1242,1268]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">Female genitalia description</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[420,488,1242,1269]" captionStart="Fig. 4" captionStartId="8.[106,139,1540,1562]" captionTargetBox="[155,1024,390,1513]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[155,1024,390,1515]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 4. Female genitalic complex of Nilomantis shown in the lateral perspective. (A) Nilomantis floweri; (B) Nilomantis edmundsi. Abbreviations: KLP, knob-like projection; RD, round dilation. This figure is published in colour in the online edition of this journal, which can be accessed via http: // booksand journals. brillonline. com / content / journals / 1876312 x." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/269843/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="237">
Figs
<number box="[474,488,1243,1269]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="4.0">4</number>
</figureCitation>
A,
<number box="[521,536,1242,1269]" pageId="28" pageNumber="237" value="6.0">6</number>
A,B). Gonapophysis VIII (GA) slender, variably ciliated, and visibly curved from both the ventral (VH) and lateral (LH) perspectives; GA lightly surfaced with fossettes. From VH, gonocoxa VIII (VF) internal margin rounded; from LH, VF does not retain a projection. From VH, GA curves strongly inward; apical lobe (AL) ovoid, ciliated. AL has a small membrane which projects from the internal dorsal margin of the structure, forming a shallow pocket as the membrane merges with the dorsal margin of GA. From LH, GA is gently curved ventrad; GA ventral margin features a pronounced medial outgrowth (MO), which projects posterior to the crest of the curve, with a row of cilia that runs from the crest of MO towards AL. GA external margin possesses a moderately sclerotized tubercle anterior to MO. From LH, AL narrows posteriorly with a bluntly rounded apical margin. GA dorsal margin is invaginated anterior to the curve towards the ventral habitus. GA very lightly sclerotized. Gonapophysis IX (GP) relatively short, broadening at the site of the medial tine (MT) before narrowing into a tapered, acuminate apex; GP ventral margin invaginated, covered anteriorly by MT. Gonoplac (GL) shorter than GA, broad, variably ciliated, and arched ventrad; from LH, GL base has a rounded dilation on the anteroventral margin. GL narrows toward the apex; from LH, GL apex slants ventrad. GL features a reduced apical cleft (AC) resulting in a slight apical notch. From LH, GL possesses a slight sclerotization that traverses the length of the structure, terminating just before the AC. GL ventral margin rugose, dorsal margin relatively smooth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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