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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.495.9356" ID-PMC="PMC4400407" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-495-79" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FF9BFFE80C65E621D1255343631D483B" ID-PubMed="25901123" ID-Zenodo-Dep="578803" ID-ZooBank="525BA44597F04C31A94403B3535CBF8A" ModsDocID="1313-2970-495-79" checkinTime="1451244455350" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Rosa, Paolo &amp; Vardal, Hege" docDate="2015" docId="48DBD4B6455EF1CD78D394B1B58685CA" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 495: 79-132" docOrigin="ZooKeys 495" docPubDate="2015-04-08" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.495.9356" docTitle="Chrysis inaequalis Dahlbom 1845" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="FF9BFFE80C65E621D1255343631D483B" lastPageNumber="120" masterDocId="FF9BFFE80C65E621D1255343631D483B" masterDocTitle="An annotated catalogue of the types of Chrysididae (Hymenoptera) at the Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, with brief historical notes" masterLastPageNumber="132" masterPageNumber="79" pageNumber="118" updateTime="1668160184652" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>An annotated catalogue of the types of Chrysididae (Hymenoptera) at the Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, with brief historical notes</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Rosa, Paolo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Via Belvedere 8 / d I- 20881 Bernareggio (MB), Italy</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">rosa@chrysis.net</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Vardal, Hege</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Entomology, Box 50007, SE- 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2015-04-08</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>495</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>79</mods:start>
<mods:end>132</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.495.9356</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.495.9356</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-495-79</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">525BA44597F04C31A94403B3535CBF8A</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FF9BFFE80C65E621D1255343631D483B</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">578803</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152059412" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:48DBD4B6455EF1CD78D394B1B58685CA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/48DBD4B6455EF1CD78D394B1B58685CA" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="120" pageId="39" pageNumber="118">
<subSubSection pageId="39" pageNumber="118" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="118">
<taxonomicName LSID="48DBD4B6-455E-F1CD-78D3-94B1B58685CA" authority="Dahlbom, 1845" authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1845" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis inaequalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inaequalis">Chrysis inaequalis Dahlbom, 1845</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Plate 34" captionStartId="F34" captionText="Plate 34. Chrysis inaequalis Dahlbom, neotype. A Habitus, dorsal view B head, frontal view C head and mesosoma, dorsal view D mesosoma, lateral view E metasoma, dorsal view F second and third metasomal tergites, dorso-lateral view." pageId="39" pageNumber="118">Plate 34</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="119" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="119">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1845" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis inaequalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inaequalis">
<pageBreakToken pageId="40" pageNumber="119" start="start">Chrysis</pageBreakToken>
inaequalis
</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Dahlbom, AG" journalOrPublisher="Berlingianis, Lund" pageId="44" pageNumber="123" publicationUrl="10.5962/bhl.title.66977" refId="B19" refString="Dahlbom, AG, 1845. Dispositio Methodica Specierum Hymenopterorum, secundum Familias Insectorum Naturales. Part. II. Chrysis in sensu Linnaeano. Berlingianis, Lund, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.66977" title="Dispositio Methodica Specierum Hymenopterorum, secundum Familias Insectorum Naturales. Part. II. Chrysis in sensu Linnaeano." url="10.5962/bhl.title.66977" year="1845">Dahlbom 1845</bibRefCitation>
: 8.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="119" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="119">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="119">
Turkey: &quot;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="119">Bosfor</emphasis>
&quot;.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="119" type="neotype">
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="119">Neotype</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="119">
(here designated) ♂: [
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peckham &amp; Peckham" authorityYear="1894" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Helvetia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helvetia" order="Araneae" pageId="40" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="119">Helvetia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
] [
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="119">Roveredo 28.8.46</emphasis>
] [♂
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1845" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis inaequalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inaequalis">Chrysis L. inaequalis</taxonomicName>
D. det. Lins.] [NML_ENT GBIF_Chr 00038702] deposited at NMLS.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="40" pageNumber="119" start="Plate 34" startId="F34">
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="119">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="119">Plate 34.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1845" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis inaequalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inaequalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="119">Chrysis inaequalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Dahlbom, neotype.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="119">A</emphasis>
Habitus, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="119">B</emphasis>
head, frontal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="119">C</emphasis>
head and mesosoma, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="119">D</emphasis>
mesosoma, lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="119">E</emphasis>
metasoma, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="119">F</emphasis>
second and third metasomal tergites, dorso-lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="120" pageId="40" pageNumber="119" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="119">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="119">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1845" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis inaequalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inaequalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="119">Chrysis inaequalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is one of the most common species in Europe. It was described from Turkey (Bosfor), but the type is lost. In the general collection we could only find two females of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1845" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis inaequalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inaequalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="119">Chrysis inaequalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected at Rhodes by Hedenborg. According to Linsenmaier the
<normalizedToken originalValue="“typical”">&quot;typical&quot;</normalizedToken>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1845" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis inaequalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inaequalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="119">Chrysis inaequalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is present only in central-, southern Europe and in northern Africa; in the rest of the distributional range, from Greece to central Asia, the subspecies
<taxonomicName authorityName="Semenov" authorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis inaequalis subsp. sapphirina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="inaequalis" subSpecies="sapphirina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="119">Chrysis inaequalis sapphirina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1912 is present.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis sapphirina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sapphirina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="119">Chrysis sapphirina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the eastern form with green-coloured males and both sexes coarsely punctuated.
<bibRefCitation author="Linsenmaier, W" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="45" pageNumber="124" pagination="1 - 232" refId="B45" refString="Linsenmaier, W, 1959. Revision der Familie Chrysididae (Hymenoptera) mit besonderer Beruecksichtigung der europaeischen Spezies. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 32 (1): 1 - 232" title="Revision der Familie Chrysididae (Hymenoptera) mit besonderer Beruecksichtigung der europaeischen Spezies." volume="32" year="1959">Linsenmaier (1959)</bibRefCitation>
cited
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1845" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis inaequalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inaequalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="119">Chrysis inaequalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
s. str. in North China and Manchuria, but later, in his collection, he identifed all the eastern specimens as
<taxonomicName authorityName="Semenov" authorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis inaequalis subsp. sapphirina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="inaequalis" subSpecies="sapphirina">Chrysis inaequalis ssp. sapphirina</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation author="Linsenmaier, W" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="45" pageNumber="124" pagination="1 - 232" refId="B45" refString="Linsenmaier, W, 1959. Revision der Familie Chrysididae (Hymenoptera) mit besonderer Beruecksichtigung der europaeischen Spezies. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 32 (1): 1 - 232" title="Revision der Familie Chrysididae (Hymenoptera) mit besonderer Beruecksichtigung der europaeischen Spezies." volume="32" year="1959">Linsenmaier (1959)</bibRefCitation>
did not notice that the typical locality of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1845" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis inaequalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inaequalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="119">Chrysis inaequalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
correspond with the distribution given for
<taxonomicName authority="sensu auctorum" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis auctorum subsp. sapphirina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="auctorum">Chrysis inaequalis ssp. sapphirina sensu auctorum</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="119">
For this reason a neotype designation of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1845" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis inaequalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inaequalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="119">Chrysis inaequalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is needed. We could not find any other specimen from Bosphor (Istanbul and adjacent areas), but in
<normalizedToken originalValue="Linsenmaiers">Linsenmaier's</normalizedToken>
collection we found many specimens collected in western Turkey, both on the European and the Asiatic side. The closest localities are Edirne (on the European side) and Ayvalik (on the Asiatic side). Even if it is not required for a neotype designation, Ayvalik is a seaside town on the northwestern Aegean coast of Turkey, it is possible that Hedenborg visited this town moving from Rhodes or Egypt to Istanbul. In fact Hedenborg was the medical doctor of the Swedish Embassy at Istanbul, and not only a famous naturalist who published different papers on his journeys in Rhodes and Egypt.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="120" pageId="40" pageNumber="119">
However, since the name
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1845" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis inaequalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inaequalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="120">
<pageBreakToken pageId="41" pageNumber="120" start="start">Chrysis</pageBreakToken>
inaequalis
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is in prevailing use for the identification of the western European specimens for the last 100 years, we prefer to designate a neotype based on one specimen collected in central Europe, rather than on a specimen collected nearby the typical locality. If we designate a neotype on an eastern Mediterranean species, the name
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis sapphirina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sapphirina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="120">Chrysis sapphirina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
would fall in synonymy with
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1845" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis inaequalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inaequalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="120">Chrysis inaequalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the western subspecies would be named:
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis inaequalis subsp. taeniophrys" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="inaequalis" subSpecies="taeniophrys">Chrysis inaequalis ssp. taeniophrys</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Förster">Foerster</normalizedToken>
, 1853, which is the first available name. Moreover, if future examinations made with the help of molecular techniques will demonstrate that western and the eastern subspecies (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="120">sensu</emphasis>
Linsenmaier) are separated and valid species, the valid name for
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1845" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis inaequalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inaequalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="120">Chrysis inaequalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Europe would become
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis taeniophrys" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taeniophrys">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="120">Chrysis taeniophrys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Förster">Foerster</normalizedToken>
, a name never used after the description given by
<normalizedToken originalValue="Förster">Foerster</normalizedToken>
. In addition, the type of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis taeniophrys" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taeniophrys">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="120">Chrysis taeniophrys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Förster">Foerster</normalizedToken>
is lost, and we could not check that it is truly the first available name for the western form of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1845" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis inaequalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inaequalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="120">Chrysis inaequalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. By designating a western European specimen, we keep the stability of name use. Therefore, the male specimen collected in Swtizerland at Roveredo on the 28th of August 1948 by Linsenmaier (NML_ENT GBIF_Chr 00038702) is selected, housed in the Linsenmaier collection at the NMLS.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="41" pageNumber="120" type="current status">
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="120">Current status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="120">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1845" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis inaequalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inaequalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="120">Chrysis inaequalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Dahlbom, 1845.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>