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<mods:title id="40DB95F46A3297E7679AF86A02BE8F15">Taxonomy and distribution of African chiggers (Acariformes, Trombiculidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E93E42017FC4941A4F4F5FE4FCD8F77B">2018</mods:date>
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<treatment id="486DBB53FF2AFF348B6BFC33DCA1F8C8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3849618" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164160829" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3849618" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:486DBB53FF2AFF348B6BFC33DCA1F8C8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/486DBB53FF2AFF348B6BFC33DCA1F8C8" lastPageNumber="177" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">
<subSubSection id="88DE59CEFF2AFF348B6BFC33DC9AFC26" box="[570,1017,997,1024]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C07B0A45FF2AFF348B6BFC33DC9AFC26" blockId="176.[570,1017,997,1024]" box="[570,1017,997,1024]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">
<heading id="9B33BD29FF2AFF348B6BFC33DC9AFC26" box="[570,1017,997,1024]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="07C471C6FF2AFF348B6BFC33DC9AFC26" authority="(Radford, 1948)" baseAuthorityName="Radford" baseAuthorityYear="1948" box="[570,1017,997,1024]" class="Arachnida" family="Trombiculidae" genus="Miyatrombicula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilesi">
<emphasis id="F2B0D657FF2AFF348B6BFC33DC56FBD9" bold="true" box="[570,821,997,1024]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Miyatrombicula ilesi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A45577B4FF2AFF348A15FC33DC92FC26" author="Radford C. D." box="[836,1009,997,1023]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" pagination="213 - 222" refId="ref65434" refString="Radford C. D. 1948. New larval mites (Acarina: Trombiculidae and Leeuwenhoekidae) from African hosts. Journal of Zoology 118 (1): 213 - 222. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1948. tb 00374. x" type="journal article" year="1948">Radford, 1948</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="88DE59CEFF2AFF3489ECFBF0DC99FB1E" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="C07B0A45FF2AFF3489ECFBF0DD91FB99" blockId="176.[189,754,1062,1089]" box="[189,754,1062,1089]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="E0D42D6BFF2AFF3489ECFBF0DD91FB99" box="[189,754,1062,1089]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">
<treatmentCitation id="41652C54FF2AFF3489ECFBF0DDE2FB99" author="Radford C. D." box="[189,641,1062,1089]" page="214" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" year="1948">
<taxonomicName id="07C471C6FF2AFF3489ECFBF0DDE2FB99" authority="Radford, 1948: 214" authorityName="Radford" authorityPageNumber="214" authorityYear="1948" box="[189,641,1062,1089]" class="Arachnida" family="Trombiculidae" genus="Pentagonella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilesi">
<emphasis id="F2B0D657FF2AFF3489ECFBF0DEF1FB99" box="[189,402,1062,1088]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Pentagonella ilesi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A45577B4FF2AFF3488C8FBF0DDE2FB99" author="Radford C. D." box="[409,641,1062,1089]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" pagination="213 - 222" refId="ref65434" refString="Radford C. D. 1948. New larval mites (Acarina: Trombiculidae and Leeuwenhoekidae) from African hosts. Journal of Zoology 118 (1): 213 - 222. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1948. tb 00374. x" type="journal article" year="1948">Radford, 1948: 214</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 34.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C07B0A45FF2AFF3489ECFBB1DCE7FB58" blockId="176.[189,1183,1127,1224]" box="[189,900,1127,1154]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="E0D42D6BFF2AFF3489ECFBB1DCE7FB58" box="[189,900,1127,1154]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">
<taxonomicName id="07C471C6FF2AFF3489ECFBB1DD7CFB58" box="[189,543,1127,1153]" class="Arachnida" family="Trombiculidae" genus="Trombicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilesi" subGenus="Trombicula">
<emphasis id="F2B0D657FF2AFF3489ECFBB1DD7CFB58" box="[189,543,1127,1153]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Trombicula (Trombicula) ilesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="41652C54FF2AFF348B6AFBB1DCE3FB58" author="Wharton G. W. &amp; Fuller H. S." box="[571,896,1127,1154]" page="66" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" year="1952">
<bibRefCitation id="A45577B4FF2AFF348B6AFBB1DCE3FB58" author="Wharton G. W. &amp; Fuller H. S." box="[571,896,1127,1154]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" pagination="1 - 185" refId="ref69481" refString="Wharton G. W. &amp; Fuller H. S. 1952. A manual of the chiggers. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington 4: 1 - 185." type="journal article" year="1952">Wharton &amp; Fuller 1952: 66</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C07B0A45FF2AFF3489ECFB5CDBFCFB7D" blockId="176.[189,1183,1127,1224]" box="[189,1183,1162,1189]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="E0D42D6BFF2AFF3489ECFB5CDBFCFB7D" box="[189,1183,1162,1189]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">
<taxonomicName id="07C471C6FF2AFF3489ECFB5CDE1EFB7D" box="[189,381,1162,1188]" class="Arachnida" family="Trombiculidae" genus="Trombicula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilesi">
<emphasis id="F2B0D657FF2AFF3489ECFB5CDE1EFB7D" box="[189,381,1162,1188]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Trombicula ilesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="41652C54FF2AFF3488C9FB5CDCFFFB7D" author="Audy J. R. &amp; Vercammen-Grandjean P. H." box="[408,924,1162,1189]" page="131" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" year="1961">
<bibRefCitation id="A45577B4FF2AFF3488C9FB5CDCFFFB7D" author="Audy J. R. &amp; Vercammen-Grandjean P. H." box="[408,924,1162,1189]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" pagination="125 - 133" refId="ref60634" refString="Audy J. R. &amp; Vercammen-Grandjean P. H. 1961 a. African Trombiculidae (Acarina). 1. An interim note on the genus Trombicula Berlese and the subgenus Microtrombicula Ewing. Annals of the Natal Museum 15 (12): 125 - 133. Available from https: // hdl. handle. net / 10520 / AJA 03040798 _ 814 [accessed 4 December 2017]." type="journal article" year="1961">Audy &amp; Vercammen-Grandjean 1961a: 131</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. —
<treatmentCitation id="41652C54FF2AFF348A9DFB5DDBF8FB7D" author="Zumpt F." box="[972,1179,1162,1189]" page="137" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" year="1961">
<bibRefCitation id="A45577B4FF2AFF348A9DFB5DDBF8FB7D" author="Zumpt F." box="[972,1179,1162,1189]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" pagination="1 - 457" refId="ref69765" refString="Zumpt F. (ed.) 1961. The arthropod parasites of vertebrates in Africa south of the Sahara (Ethiopian Region). Vol. 1: Chelicerata. Publications of the South African Institute for Medical Research 11 (50): 1 - 457." type="journal article" year="1961">Zumpt 1961: 137</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C07B0A45FF2AFF3489ECFB7BDC99FB1E" blockId="176.[189,1183,1127,1224]" box="[189,1018,1197,1224]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="E0D42D6BFF2AFF3489ECFB7BDC99FB1E" box="[189,1018,1197,1224]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">
<taxonomicName id="07C471C6FF2AFF3489ECFB7BDD29FB1E" baseAuthorityName="Radford" baseAuthorityYear="1948" box="[189,586,1197,1224]" class="Arachnida" family="Trombiculidae" genus="Miyatrombicula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilesi" subGenus="Miyacarus">
<emphasis id="F2B0D657FF2AFF3489ECFB7BDD29FB1E" box="[189,586,1197,1224]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Miyatrombicula (Miyacarus) ilesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="41652C54FF2AFF348B37FB7BDC95FB1E" author="Vercammen-Grandjean P. H." box="[614,1014,1197,1224]" page="24" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" year="1965">
<bibRefCitation id="A45577B4FF2AFF348B37FB7BDC95FB1E" author="Vercammen-Grandjean P. H." box="[614,1014,1197,1224]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" refId="ref68052" refString="Vercammen-Grandjean P. H. 1965 c. Trombiculinae of the World. Synopsis with Generic, Subgeneric, and Group Diagnoses (Acarina, Trombiculidae). George Williams Hooper Foundation, San Francisco." type="book" year="1965">Vercammen-Grandjean 1965c: 24</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="88DE59CEFF2AFF3489ECFB39DE51FA7F" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C07B0A45FF2AFF3489ECFB39DE4CFAD0" blockId="176.[189,303,1263,1289]" box="[189,303,1263,1289]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">
<heading id="9B33BD29FF2AFF3489ECFB39DE4CFAD0" bold="true" box="[189,303,1263,1289]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" reason="3">
<emphasis id="F2B0D657FF2AFF3489ECFB39DE4CFAD0" bold="true" box="[189,303,1263,1289]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">
<typeStatus id="1F7FB4E7FF2AFF3489ECFB39DE4CFAD0" box="[189,303,1263,1289]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C07B0A45FF2AFF3489ECFACBDECCFAEE" blockId="176.[189,431,1309,1335]" box="[189,431,1309,1335]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">
<materialsCitation id="70AC0018FF2AFF3489ECFACBDECCFAEE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620304329" box="[189,431,1309,1335]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" specimenCode="BMNH 1948.2" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCode id="9062A23EFF2AFF3489ECFACBDE11FAEE" box="[189,370,1309,1335]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">BMNH 1948.2</specimenCode>
.3.33.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C07B0A45FF2AFF3489ECFA8BDEE9FAAE" blockId="176.[189,394,1373,1399]" box="[189,394,1373,1399]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">
<heading id="9B33BD29FF2AFF3489ECFA8BDEE9FAAE" bold="true" box="[189,394,1373,1399]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" reason="3">
<emphasis id="F2B0D657FF2AFF3489ECFA8BDEE9FAAE" bold="true" box="[189,394,1373,1399]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Material revised</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C07B0A45FF2AFF3489ECFA5ADE51FA7F" blockId="176.[189,306,1420,1446]" box="[189,306,1420,1446]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">
<typeStatus id="1F7FB4E7FF2AFF3489ECFA5ADE4DFA7F" box="[189,302,1420,1446]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="88DE59CEFF2AFF3489ECFA1BDD1CF978" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="C07B0A45FF2AFF3489ECFA1BDE35FA3E" blockId="176.[189,342,1485,1511]" box="[189,342,1485,1511]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">
<heading id="9B33BD29FF2AFF3489ECFA1BDE35FA3E" bold="true" box="[189,342,1485,1511]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" reason="3">
<emphasis id="F2B0D657FF2AFF3489ECFA1BDE35FA3E" bold="true" box="[189,342,1485,1511]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C07B0A45FF2AFF3489ECFA2DDD1CF978" blockId="176.[189,1399,1531,1697]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">
This species was collected from a snake kept in Belle Vue Zoological Gardens,
<collectingRegion id="0200C4A7FF2AFF348DF8FA2DDA57F9CC" box="[1193,1332,1531,1557]" country="United Kingdom" name="Manchester" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Manchester</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="B8D34AD5FF2AFF348C14FA2ADA10F9CF" box="[1349,1395,1532,1558]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">UK</collectingCountry>
. According to the original data, it was a western green mamba distributed in Western Africa. However,
<bibRefCitation id="A45577B4FF2AFF3489ECF994DE05F985" author="Zumpt F." box="[189,358,1601,1628]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" pagination="1 - 457" refId="ref69765" refString="Zumpt F. (ed.) 1961. The arthropod parasites of vertebrates in Africa south of the Sahara (Ethiopian Region). Vol. 1: Chelicerata. Publications of the South African Institute for Medical Research 11 (50): 1 - 457." type="journal article" year="1961">Zumpt (1961)</bibRefCitation>
defined the host as an eastern green mamba with an East African areal. Moreover, there is no evidence that the latter host was infested by chiggers in Africa; thus, an African origin of
<taxonomicName id="07C471C6FF2AFF3489ECF951DED2F978" baseAuthorityName="Radford" baseAuthorityYear="1948" box="[189,433,1671,1697]" class="Arachnida" family="Trombiculidae" genus="Miyatrombicula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilesi">
<emphasis id="F2B0D657FF2AFF3489ECF951DED2F978" box="[189,433,1671,1697]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Miyatrombicula ilesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not confirmed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="88DE59CEFF2AFF3489ECF91EDCA1F8C8" box="[189,962,1736,1809]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="C07B0A45FF2AFF3489ECF91EDF9BF93B" blockId="176.[189,248,1736,1762]" box="[189,248,1736,1762]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">
<heading id="9B33BD29FF2AFF3489ECF91EDF9BF93B" bold="true" box="[189,248,1736,1762]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" reason="3">
<emphasis id="F2B0D657FF2AFF3489ECF91EDF9BF93B" bold="true" box="[189,248,1736,1762]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Host</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C07B0A45FF2AFF3489ECF920DCA1F8C8" blockId="176.[189,962,1782,1809]" box="[189,962,1782,1809]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">
<taxonomicName id="07C471C6FF2AFF3489ECF920DDF3F8C8" authority="(Zumpt 1961)" baseAuthorityName="Zumpt" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[189,656,1782,1809]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Dendroaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angusticeps">
<emphasis id="F2B0D657FF2AFF3489ECF920DE87F8C9" box="[189,484,1782,1808]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">Dendroaspis angusticeps</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A45577B4FF2AFF3488A4F921DDE6F8C9" author="Zumpt F." box="[501,645,1782,1809]" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" pagination="1 - 457" refId="ref69765" refString="Zumpt F. (ed.) 1961. The arthropod parasites of vertebrates in Africa south of the Sahara (Ethiopian Region). Vol. 1: Chelicerata. Publications of the South African Institute for Medical Research 11 (50): 1 - 457." type="journal article" year="1961">Zumpt 1961</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="07C471C6FF2AFF348BCCF921DC6FF8C9" baseAuthorityName="Hallowell" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[669,780,1782,1808]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Dendroaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="176" pageNumber="177" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridis">
<emphasis id="F2B0D657FF2AFF348BCCF921DC6FF8C9" box="[669,780,1782,1808]" italics="true" pageId="176" pageNumber="177">D. viridis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(original data).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>