379 lines
42 KiB
XML
379 lines
42 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1144.67747" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1144-95" ID-Pensoft-UUID="B6F2937E68D25907B4BD505201896471" ID-ZooBank="36EAB28465F740B3B41DBEA1D2E803DC" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1144-95" checkinTime="1675346935312" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Selz, Oliver M. & Seehausen, Ole" docDate="2023" docId="474FED52B33F5B4FA4418E8870B6AE80" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1144: 95-169" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1144" docPubDate="2023-02-02" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1144.67747" docTitle="Coregonus intermundia Selz & Seehausen 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="DC385078-9965-4DF9-AB15-031FF2D2516E" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="2" id="B6F2937E68D25907B4BD505201896471" lastPageNumber="95" masterDocId="B6F2937E68D25907B4BD505201896471" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of ten whitefish species from the lakes Lucerne, Sarnen, Sempach and Zug, Switzerland, with descriptions of seven new species (Teleostei, Coregonidae)" masterLastPageNumber="169" masterPageNumber="95" pageNumber="95" updateTime="1675347241867" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of ten whitefish species from the lakes Lucerne, Sarnen, Sempach and Zug, Switzerland, with descriptions of seven new species (Teleostei, Coregonidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Selz, Oliver M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2210-5909</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre for Ecology, Evolution & Biogeochemistry (CEEB), Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland & Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland & Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN), Aquatic Restoration and Fisheries Section, 3011 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">oliver.selz@bafu.admin.ch</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Seehausen, Ole</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre for Ecology, Evolution & Biogeochemistry (CEEB), Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland & Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-02-02</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1144</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>95</mods:start>
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<mods:end>169</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1144.67747</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1144.67747</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1144-95</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">36EAB28465F740B3B41DBEA1D2E803DC</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">B6F2937E68D25907B4BD505201896471</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DC385078-9965-4DF9-AB15-031FF2D2516E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/474FED52B33F5B4FA4418E8870B6AE80" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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<taxonomicName LSID="https://zoobank.org/DC385078-9965-4DF9-AB15-031FF2D2516E" authority="Selz & Seehausen, 2023" authorityName="Selz & Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus intermundia" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermundia" status="sp. nov.">Coregonus intermundia</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="95">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Coregonus intermundia, Lake Lucerne, Switzerland A holotype, NMBE- 1078097, 274 mm SL, male, freshly caught specimen, (right side, reversed) B, C holotype, NMBE- 1078097, preserved specimen D non-type, Eawag- 124308, Lake Lucerne, 316 mm SL, male. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1144.67747.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/803999" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Figs 4</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Illustrations of specimens of each species of Coregonus from Lake Lucerne and Sarnen. Illustrations of Lake Lucerne species are based on several individuals. Illustration of C. sarnensis is based on NMBE- 1078159, 230 mm, male. Scale bar for C. sarnensis: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1144.67747.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/804009" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">, 14</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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<taxonomicName authority="Selz & Seehausen, 2023" authorityName="Selz & Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">Coregonus</taxonomicName>
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sp. 'benthic
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<normalizedToken originalValue="intermediate’">intermediate'</normalizedToken>
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:
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12446" author="Hudson, AG" journalOrPublisher="Evolutionary Applications" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" pagination="251 - 266" refId="B35" refString="Hudson, AG, Lundsgaard-Hansen, B, Lucek, K, Vonlanthen, P, Seehausen, O, 2016. Managing cryptic biodiversity: Fine-scale intralacustrine speciation along a benthic gradient in Alpine whitefish (Coregonus spp.). Evolutionary Applications 10 (3): 251 - 266, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12446" title="Managing cryptic biodiversity: Fine-scale intralacustrine speciation along a benthic gradient in Alpine whitefish (Coregonus spp.)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12446" volume="10" year="2016">Hudson et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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<taxonomicName authority="Selz & Seehausen, 2023" authorityName="Selz & Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">Coregonus</taxonomicName>
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sp.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Schwebbalchen’">'Schwebbalchen'</normalizedToken>
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:
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10824" author="Vonlanthen, P" journalOrPublisher="Nature" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" pagination="357 - 363" refId="B69" refString="Vonlanthen, P, Bittner, D, Hudson, A, Young, KA, Mueller, R, Lundsgaard-Hansen, B, Roy, D, Di Piazza, S, Largiader, CR, Seehausen, O, 2012. Eutrophication causes speciation reversal in whitefish adaptive radiations. Nature 482 (7385): 357 - 363, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10824" title="Eutrophication causes speciation reversal in whitefish adaptive radiations." url="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10824" volume="482" year="2012">Vonlanthen et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Alexander, TJ" journalOrPublisher="Projet Lac, Eawag, Kastanienbaum. Schlussbericht" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" publicationUrl="https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/eawag/islandora/object/eawag%3A14994" refId="B2" refString="Alexander, TJ, Vonlanthen, P, Periat, G, Seehausen, O, 2017a. Artenvielfalt und Zusammensetzung der Fischpopulation im Vierwaldstaettersee. Projet Lac, Eawag, Kastanienbaum. Schlussbericht, https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/eawag/islandora/object/eawag%3A14994" title="Artenvielfalt und Zusammensetzung der Fischpopulation im Vierwaldstaettersee." url="https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/eawag/islandora/object/eawag%3A14994" year="2017 a">Alexander et al. 2017a</bibRefCitation>
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(see also synonymy of
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<taxonomicName authority="Selz & Seehausen, 2023" authorityName="Selz & Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. suspensus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="suspensus" status="sp. nov.">C. suspensus</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" country="Switzerland" location="Lake" municipality="Contemporary" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Lucerne" typeStatus="Holotype">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<collectingMunicipality>Contemporary</collectingMunicipality>
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specimen (year: 2007): NMBE-
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<quantity metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.078097274" unit="mm" value="1.078097274E9">1078097, 274 mm</quantity>
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SL, male;
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<collectingCountry name="Switzerland">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
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:
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:474FED52B33F5B4FA4418E8870B6AE80:A0EAE5AECA3F4DC9ADCA82351E681167" country="Switzerland" municipality="Contemporary" name="Lake" stateProvince="Lucerne">Lake</location>
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<collectingRegion country="Switzerland" name="Luzern">Lucerne</collectingRegion>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" country="Switzerland" county="All" location="Contemporary" municipality="Lake" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Lucerne" typeStatus="Paratypes">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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<typeStatus>Paratypes</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<collectingCounty>All</collectingCounty>
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from
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<collectingCountry name="Switzerland">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality>Lake</collectingMunicipality>
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<collectingRegion country="Switzerland" name="Luzern">Lucerne</collectingRegion>
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:
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:474FED52B33F5B4FA4418E8870B6AE80:9B53053016D0857B8BFA16C59F7E7E0C" country="Switzerland" county="All" municipality="Lake" name="Contemporary" stateProvince="Lucerne">Contemporary</location>
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specimens (year: 2007): NMBE-1078076, NMBE-1078077, NMBE-1078078, NMBE-1078084, NMBE-1078086-1078090, NMBE-1078093-1078096,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">N</emphasis>
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=13, 232-
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.78" unit="mm" value="278.0">278 mm</quantity>
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SL
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz & Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus intermundia" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermundia">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Coregonus intermundia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a medium-sized whitefish (standard length at 3 years of age: range = 243-300 mm, mean = 273) with moderate pigmentation of all fins and the body; greenish blue colour on the flanks above the lateral line; moderate number of pigmented small dots on the scales along the flank; short head (19.1-21.5% SL, mean = 20.3); sub-terminal mouth; thick (3.4-5.7% HL, mean = 4.4) and triangular-shaped eye socket; rather short and stout caudal peduncle (caudal peduncle depth: 7-8.3% SL, mean = 7.5; caudal peduncle length: 11.6-14.4% SL, mean = 12.9).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1144.67747.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/803999" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Figure 4.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz & Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus intermundia" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermundia">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Coregonus intermundia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, Lake Lucerne, Switzerland
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">A</emphasis>
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holotype, NMBE-1078097, 274 mm SL, male, freshly caught specimen, (right side, reversed)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">B, C</emphasis>
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holotype, NMBE-1078097, preserved specimen
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">D</emphasis>
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non-type, Eawag-124308, Lake Lucerne, 316 mm SL, male. Scale bars: 1 cm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Shape</emphasis>
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: Only slightly deep bodied with greatest body depth anterior of dorsal fin. Dorsal profile from tip of snout to anterior origin of dorsal fin and ventral profile from interorbital area to pelvic fin origin are moderately convex. Head moderately short. Mouth moderately long and mostly sub-terminal and rarely terminal. Lower jaw moderately wide. Rostral plate equally wide as deep, not strongly pronounced with tip of the snout often more pointed than blunt. Eye-socket thick and sickle cell-shaped. Pectoral fin moderately tapered and moderately short. Dorsal fin rather short with anterior unbranched ray of erected dorsal fin mostly 70-80° angle to body axis, almost straight and only very slightly bent posteriorly at end of the ray. Dorsal fin longest anteriorly and progressively shortening posteriorly with outer margin of dorsal fin mostly straight and rarely concave. Caudal peduncle stout and moderately short with caudal fin moderately forked. Unbranched rays of anal fin slightly bent posteriorly. Anal fin longest anteriorly and progressively shortening posteriorly with outer margin of anal fin mostly straight and only rarely slightly concave.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Meristics</emphasis>
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: Moderately many and moderately long gill rakers.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Colour</emphasis>
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: Pigmentation of fins and body overall moderately strong in live specimens. Pectoral fin slightly pigmented at distal parts of fin. Pelvic fin moderately pigmented at the median to distal parts of fin. All other fins strongly pigmented. Silvery appearance along flanks with moderate number of pigmented small dots (aggregation of melanophores) on scales along flank and dorsum. Distribution of dots bound to scale patterning such that dots are found at edge of the scales or at boundary point of two scales. Dorsally above the lateral line the silvery appearance changes to a pale greenish to dark greenish blue colour and sometimes with pale mustard yellow ground colour. Dorsal part of head and snout around nostrils moderately pigmented. Pre-operculum and operculum silvery with one black spot on lower margin of pre-operculum. Preserved specimens pale in colouration with similar pigmentation as described for live specimens. The silvery, translucent, not coloured or unpigmented parts of body become yellowish brown, whereas pigmented parts are conserved and coloured parts (dorsally above the lateral line) become brownish.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="differential diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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The differential diagnosis against
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz & Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. litoralis" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="litoralis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">C. litoralis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz & Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. sarnensis" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="sarnensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">C. sarnensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are given under those
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<normalizedToken originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
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accounts.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz & Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus intermundia" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermundia">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Coregonus intermundia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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-
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz & Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus suspensus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="suspensus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Coregonus suspensus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz & Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus intermundia" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermundia">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Coregonus intermundia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz & Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. suspensus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="suspensus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">C. suspensus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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based on having a smaller 'predorsal length / eye
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<normalizedToken originalValue="diameter’">diameter'</normalizedToken>
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ratio (PreD/ED: 9.92-10.59 vs. 10.73-11.4) (Table
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<tableCitation captionStart="Table 10" captionStartId="T10" captionText="Table 10. The first- and second-best ratios retrieved from the LDA ratio extractor of pair-wise comparisons of all or a subset of head and body characters of the contemporary specimens from the species of lakes Lucerne and Sarnen. For some comparisons only a subset of characters could be used (a-j); the respective characters that were included are listed at the end of the table. δ is a measure of how good shape discriminates in comparison to size (i. e., the smaller the less allometry). Ratios marked with an asterisk * have very little (not more than one specimen of one species overlaps with the other species) or no overlap and were thus eligible for use in the species key and the diagnoses." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/6C52FF35428C82948A621B04C79CFAD6" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" tableUuid="6C52FF35428C82948A621B04C79CFAD6">10</tableCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz & Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus intermundia" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermundia">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Coregonus intermundia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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-
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Haack" authorityYear="1882" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus nobilis" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nobilis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Coregonus nobilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz & Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus intermundia" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermundia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Coregonus intermundia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Coregonidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. nobilis" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="nobilis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">C. nobilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having an anteriorly longer erected and depressed dorsal fin (erected dorsal fin: 16.7-19.9% SL, mean = 18.2 vs. 15.3-17.2% SL, mean = 16.3; depressed dorsal fin: 18.2-21.5% SL, mean = 19.7 vs. 16.7-18.8% SL, mean = 17.8), a shallower snout (5.2-10.8% HL, mean = 8.3 vs. 7.9-12.4% HL, mean = 10.5) and head (43.5-49.8% HL, mean = 46.4 vs. 46.2-55% HL, mean = 50.6 (Tables
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Morphological and meristic data of Coregonus intermundia from Lake Lucerne, NMBE- 1078097 holotype, contemporary specimen; paratypes of contemporary specimen N = 13. For males and both sexes the holotype is included in the range and mean." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E6AE6599F2ECE6CCE2A46251BC0B6A25" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" tableUuid="E6AE6599F2ECE6CCE2A46251BC0B6A25">3</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="T5" captionText="Table 5. Morphological and meristic data of Coregonus nobilis from Lake Lucerne, MHNG- 656.056 neotype, historical specimen; syntypes of historical specimens N = 2, non-types of contemporary specimens N = 21. The neotype is included in the range and mean of the historical specimens." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/0BD4818370B8C602D1318E3C6A98B4EB" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" tableUuid="0BD4818370B8C602D1318E3C6A98B4EB">5</tableCitation>
|
||
). Based on ratios
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz & Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. intermundia" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="intermundia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">C. intermundia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Coregonidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. nobilis" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="nobilis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">C. nobilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having a larger 'caudal peduncle depth / head
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="width’">width'</normalizedToken>
|
||
ratio (CD/HW: 0.77-0.87 vs. 0.63-0.77) (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 10" captionStartId="T10" captionText="Table 10. The first- and second-best ratios retrieved from the LDA ratio extractor of pair-wise comparisons of all or a subset of head and body characters of the contemporary specimens from the species of lakes Lucerne and Sarnen. For some comparisons only a subset of characters could be used (a-j); the respective characters that were included are listed at the end of the table. δ is a measure of how good shape discriminates in comparison to size (i. e., the smaller the less allometry). Ratios marked with an asterisk * have very little (not more than one specimen of one species overlaps with the other species) or no overlap and were thus eligible for use in the species key and the diagnoses." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/6C52FF35428C82948A621B04C79CFAD6" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" tableUuid="6C52FF35428C82948A621B04C79CFAD6">10</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz & Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus intermundia" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermundia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Coregonus intermundia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz & Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus muelleri" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muelleri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Coregonus muelleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz & Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus intermundia" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermundia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Coregonus intermundia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz & Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. muelleri" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="muelleri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">C. muelleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having strong pigmentation of all fins vs. none or very little pigmentation of the pectoral, anal, caudal and dorsal fin in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz & Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. muelleri" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="muelleri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">C. muelleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by having a deeper caudal peduncle (7-8.3% SL, mean = 7.5 vs. 6.3-7.4% SL, mean = 6.9), a shorter head (19.1-21.5% SL, mean = 20.3 vs. 20.3-23.5% SL, mean = 22), smaller eye (eye diameter: 20.4-23.3% HL, mean = 22.1 vs. 22.2-26% HL, mean = 24.1; eye cavity: 23.8-27.9% HL, mean = 25.9 vs. 26.4-31.1% HL, mean = 27.7), differently shaped eye socket (sickle cell-shaped vs. roundish), a longer postorbital length (50.2-55.8% HL, mean = 52.6 vs. 48.4-52.6% HL, mean = 50.6) and a shorter lower jaw (38.8-42% HL, mean = 39.9 vs. 40.3-45.8% HL, mean = 42.7) (Tables
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Morphological and meristic data of Coregonus intermundia from Lake Lucerne, NMBE- 1078097 holotype, contemporary specimen; paratypes of contemporary specimen N = 13. For males and both sexes the holotype is included in the range and mean." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E6AE6599F2ECE6CCE2A46251BC0B6A25" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" tableUuid="E6AE6599F2ECE6CCE2A46251BC0B6A25">3</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="T6" captionText="Table 6. Morphological and meristic data of Coregonus muelleri from Lake Lucerne, NMBE- 1078123 holotype, contemporary specimen; paratypes of contemporary specimens N = 29 and paratype material of historical specimens N = 8. For males and both sexes the holotype is included in the range and mean of the contemporary specimens." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/67474AB40404D8EB54B16C77D96A3610" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" tableUuid="67474AB40404D8EB54B16C77D96A3610">6</tableCitation>
|
||
). Based on ratios
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz & Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. intermundia" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="intermundia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">C. intermundia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz & Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. muelleri" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="muelleri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">C. muelleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having a larger 'caudal peduncle depth / eye
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="diameter’">diameter'</normalizedToken>
|
||
ratio (CD/ED: 1.53-1.84 vs. 1.12-1.43) (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 10" captionStartId="T10" captionText="Table 10. The first- and second-best ratios retrieved from the LDA ratio extractor of pair-wise comparisons of all or a subset of head and body characters of the contemporary specimens from the species of lakes Lucerne and Sarnen. For some comparisons only a subset of characters could be used (a-j); the respective characters that were included are listed at the end of the table. δ is a measure of how good shape discriminates in comparison to size (i. e., the smaller the less allometry). Ratios marked with an asterisk * have very little (not more than one specimen of one species overlaps with the other species) or no overlap and were thus eligible for use in the species key and the diagnoses." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/6C52FF35428C82948A621B04C79CFAD6" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" tableUuid="6C52FF35428C82948A621B04C79CFAD6">10</tableCitation>
|
||
). Furthermore, the average standard length at 3 years of age differentiates
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz & Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. intermundia" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="intermundia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">C. intermundia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(range = 243-300 mm, mean = 273) from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz & Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. muelleri" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="muelleri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">C. muelleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(160-232 mm, 194 mm). (Suppl. material 1: table S3).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Distribution and notes on biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz & Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus intermundia" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermundia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Coregonus intermundia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in all basins of Lake Lucerne (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Map of Switzerland with the lakes studied; 1. Lake Constance, 2. Lake Sempach, 3. Lake Zug, 4. Lake Lucerne, 5. Lake Sarnen. On the right is a bathymetric map of Lake Lucerne with the German names of each basin (modified from Alexander et al. 2017 a)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1144.67747.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/803997" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">2</figureCitation>
|
||
) except possibly in Lake Alpnach. It has been caught during the spawning season in all basins except for Lake Alpnach, where no nets were set by
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12446" author="Hudson, AG" journalOrPublisher="Evolutionary Applications" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" pagination="251 - 266" refId="B35" refString="Hudson, AG, Lundsgaard-Hansen, B, Lucek, K, Vonlanthen, P, Seehausen, O, 2016. Managing cryptic biodiversity: Fine-scale intralacustrine speciation along a benthic gradient in Alpine whitefish (Coregonus spp.). Evolutionary Applications 10 (3): 251 - 266, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12446" title="Managing cryptic biodiversity: Fine-scale intralacustrine speciation along a benthic gradient in Alpine whitefish (Coregonus spp.)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12446" volume="10" year="2016">Hudson et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. There is no isotopic or stomach content data available for
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz & Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. intermundia" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="intermundia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">C. intermundia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to infer the prey spectrum of this species.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz & Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus intermundia" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermundia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Coregonus intermundia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a medium-sized whitefish species and the size (i.e., standard length) at 3 years of age of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz & Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. intermundia" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="intermundia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">C. intermundia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is smaller than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz & Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. litoralis" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="litoralis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">C. litoralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, considerably larger than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz & Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. muelleri" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="muelleri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">C. muelleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and almost equal to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz & Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. suspensus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="suspensus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">C. suspensus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Suppl. material 1: table S3). We cannot compare its size to
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Coregonidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. nobilis" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="nobilis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">C. nobilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
since only older individuals of the latter species have been caught (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12446" author="Hudson, AG" journalOrPublisher="Evolutionary Applications" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" pagination="251 - 266" refId="B35" refString="Hudson, AG, Lundsgaard-Hansen, B, Lucek, K, Vonlanthen, P, Seehausen, O, 2016. Managing cryptic biodiversity: Fine-scale intralacustrine speciation along a benthic gradient in Alpine whitefish (Coregonus spp.). Evolutionary Applications 10 (3): 251 - 266, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12446" title="Managing cryptic biodiversity: Fine-scale intralacustrine speciation along a benthic gradient in Alpine whitefish (Coregonus spp.)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12446" volume="10" year="2016">Hudson et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz & Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus intermundia" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermundia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Coregonus intermundia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has most likely a short spawning season in winter around the month of December. The spawning season lasts for approximately two weeks and the spawning depth is mostly in shallow waters (10-30 m, rarely 40 m;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12446" author="Hudson, AG" journalOrPublisher="Evolutionary Applications" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" pagination="251 - 266" refId="B35" refString="Hudson, AG, Lundsgaard-Hansen, B, Lucek, K, Vonlanthen, P, Seehausen, O, 2016. Managing cryptic biodiversity: Fine-scale intralacustrine speciation along a benthic gradient in Alpine whitefish (Coregonus spp.). Evolutionary Applications 10 (3): 251 - 266, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12446" title="Managing cryptic biodiversity: Fine-scale intralacustrine speciation along a benthic gradient in Alpine whitefish (Coregonus spp.)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12446" volume="10" year="2016">Hudson et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The spawning depth of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz & Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. intermundia" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="intermundia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">C. intermundia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
overlaps partially with that of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz & Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. litoralis" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="litoralis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">C. litoralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with the former spawning deeper than the latter (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12446" author="Hudson, AG" journalOrPublisher="Evolutionary Applications" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" pagination="251 - 266" refId="B35" refString="Hudson, AG, Lundsgaard-Hansen, B, Lucek, K, Vonlanthen, P, Seehausen, O, 2016. Managing cryptic biodiversity: Fine-scale intralacustrine speciation along a benthic gradient in Alpine whitefish (Coregonus spp.). Evolutionary Applications 10 (3): 251 - 266, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12446" title="Managing cryptic biodiversity: Fine-scale intralacustrine speciation along a benthic gradient in Alpine whitefish (Coregonus spp.)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12446" volume="10" year="2016">Hudson et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
|
||
The specific name intermundia means in Latin 'spaces between the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="worlds’">worlds'</normalizedToken>
|
||
. It refers to the observation that this species is intermediate to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz & Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. litoralis" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="litoralis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">C. litoralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz & Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. suspensus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="suspensus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">C. suspensus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its ecology and in some morphological characters. A noun in apposition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="common name">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Common name.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
|
||
This species was not recognised by local fisheries, fisheries authorities, researchers, or the public before the works of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lundsgaard-Hansen, B" journalOrPublisher="Samara Publishing Limited, Cardigan, UK" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" refId="B43" refString="Lundsgaard-Hansen, B, 2009. Assessing differentiation of whitefish species along an environmental gradient. Masters thesis, University of Bern, Switzerland." title="Assessing differentiation of whitefish species along an environmental gradient. Masters thesis, University of Bern, Switzerland." year="2009">Lundsgaard-Hansen (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12446" author="Hudson, AG" journalOrPublisher="Evolutionary Applications" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" pagination="251 - 266" refId="B35" refString="Hudson, AG, Lundsgaard-Hansen, B, Lucek, K, Vonlanthen, P, Seehausen, O, 2016. Managing cryptic biodiversity: Fine-scale intralacustrine speciation along a benthic gradient in Alpine whitefish (Coregonus spp.). Evolutionary Applications 10 (3): 251 - 266, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12446" title="Managing cryptic biodiversity: Fine-scale intralacustrine speciation along a benthic gradient in Alpine whitefish (Coregonus spp.)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12446" volume="10" year="2016">Hudson et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who named the species as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz & Seehausen" authorityYear="2023" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Coregonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘benthic-intermediate’">'benthic-intermediate'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(In German: 'benthischer
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Schwebbalchen’">Schwebbalchen'</normalizedToken>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |