170 lines
19 KiB
XML
170 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="6E434D7AF7865ADA53256773458A35A9" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.199742" ID-GBIF-Dataset="be7d7bf2-2d4f-49b1-9ae2-b04fee1b0e9b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="199742" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460344862824" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hulcr, Jiri" docDate="2010" docId="474887DDFFDFFFBA90BA69F4A77EFEF6" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02717p033.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2717" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Fortiborus Hulcr and Cognato, gen. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="18" masterDocId="BB71FFA5FFCFFFAB902D6843A430FFC9" masterDocTitle="New genera of Palaeotropical Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) based on congruence between morphological and molecular characters" masterLastPageNumber="33" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1698261921221" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="E2CBABB26C99D2A226A449D33E05B2C2">New genera of Palaeotropical Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) based on congruence between morphological and molecular characters</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="C762B9DC556BDD6C679AD8BB1FD839CE" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="A52FFBA8EA72B13967BA4C8E803AF752">Hulcr, Jiri</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="DC9CE626B8ADBFA3528FBB32FA57505E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="DBC876D822B48C9E17ED37D7BA2AE5A1">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B68003EDB5DBE88F8349AD5C129C1357">
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<mods:date id="86C7678E5E281D293BF2608ED9ED5C09">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="EC2DE5BCA3CE6D6FA49DA014D6F9F81C" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="60DDA3A76EC3412820C108F167C26D7D">2717</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="B42C6907B7C801F393908DBA6C070196">1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="3AD6E0F316C0BE946F6B443DE1229DFF">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="8930F1ECA146E834A714C89F55B7DA4A" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.199742</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B3F37250772E82B25C806442495AE525" type="GBIF-Dataset">be7d7bf2-2d4f-49b1-9ae2-b04fee1b0e9b</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BA713A00FA727BE74CF8EBB433CFDD1E" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="DAD669AA02BD32EA43075FEBB4675C86" type="Zenodo-Dep">199742</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="474887DDFFDFFFBA90BA69F4A77EFEF6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5621854" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119407011" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5621854" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:474887DDFFDFFFBA90BA69F4A77EFEF6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/474887DDFFDFFFBA90BA69F4A77EFEF6" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<subSubSection id="87FB6540FFDFFFBB90BA69F4A6F9FE18" box="[151,713,439,465]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="CF5E36CBFFDFFFBB90BA69F4A6F9FE18" blockId="16.[151,713,439,465]" box="[151,713,439,465]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<heading id="941681A7FFDFFFBB90BA69F4A6F9FE18" bold="true" box="[151,713,439,465]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="FD95EAD9FFDFFFBB90BA69F4A6F9FE18" bold="true" box="[151,713,439,465]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="08E14D48FFDFFFBB90C369F4A65AFE18" authority="Hulcr and Cognato" authorityName="Hulcr and Cognato" box="[238,618,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Fortiborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="FD95EAD9FFDFFFBB90C369F4A540FE18" bold="true" box="[238,368,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fortiborus</emphasis>
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Hulcr and Cognato
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="E6A657A2FFDFFFBB925A69F4A6F9FE18" box="[631,713,439,465]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="87FB6540FFDFFFBB90BA69BCA69CFDDF" box="[151,684,510,535]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="CF5E36CBFFDFFFBB90BA69BCA69CFDDF" blockId="16.[151,1436,510,714]" box="[151,684,510,535]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<emphasis id="FD95EAD9FFDFFFBB90BA69BCA502FDDE" bold="true" box="[151,306,510,535]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<typeStatus id="105A8869FFDFFFBB90BA69BCA4E2FDDE" box="[151,210,511,535]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Type</typeStatus>
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species.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="08E14D48FFDFFFBB911469BDA697FDDF" authority="Stebbing, 1909" authorityName="Stebbing" authorityYear="1909" box="[313,679,510,534]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
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<emphasis id="FD95EAD9FFDFFFBB911469BDA5C4FDDF" box="[313,500,510,534]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Xyleborus major</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="AB704B3AFFDFFFBB91D669BDA697FDDF" author="Stebbing" box="[507,679,510,534]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Stebbing, E. P. (1909) On some undescribed Scolytidae of economic importance from the Indian Region, II. Indian Forest Memoirs, Forest Zoology Series, 1, 13 - 32." type="journal article" year="1909">Stebbing, 1909</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="87FB6540FFDFFFBB90EA6A61A605FD03" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="CF5E36CBFFDFFFBB90EA6A61A605FD03" blockId="16.[151,1436,510,714]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<emphasis id="FD95EAD9FFDFFFBB90EA6A61A571FDF2" bold="true" box="[199,321,546,571]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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The genus most closely related to
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<taxonomicName id="08E14D48FFDFFFBB92CC6A60A76BFDF2" box="[737,859,547,571]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Fortiborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="FD95EAD9FFDFFFBB92CC6A60A76BFDF2" box="[737,859,547,571]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fortiborus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is
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<taxonomicName id="08E14D48FFDFFFBB93AF6A60A036FDF2" box="[898,1030,547,571]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Euwallacea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="FD95EAD9FFDFFFBB93AF6A60A036FDF2" box="[898,1030,547,571]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Euwallacea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="57DA2A4EFFDFFFBB94376A61A052FDF3" box="[1050,1122,546,570]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="27.[151,255,1885,1909]" captionTargetBox="[310,1282,291,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[300,1282,267,1867]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 9. Morphology-based cladistic analysis of species previously placed in Euwallacea, Xyleborus, and several similar species of unclear affiliation. Combinable-component consensus of 72 MP trees, (113 steps). Numbers at nodes indicate Bremer support." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199748/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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). Characters distinguishing
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<taxonomicName id="08E14D48FFDFFFBB90BA6A05A521FD97" box="[151,273,582,606]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Fortiborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="FD95EAD9FFDFFFBB90BA6A05A521FD97" box="[151,273,582,606]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fortiborus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<taxonomicName id="08E14D48FFDFFFBB917B6A05A5EAFD97" box="[342,474,582,606]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Euwallacea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="FD95EAD9FFDFFFBB917B6A05A5EAFD97" box="[342,474,582,606]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Euwallacea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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include: margin of the first segment of antennal club concave, recurved (may appear straight); antennal club wider than long in several
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<taxonomicName id="08E14D48FFDFFFBB92DB6A28A75FFD4A" box="[758,879,619,643]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Fortiborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="FD95EAD9FFDFFFBB92DB6A28A75FFD4A" box="[758,879,619,643]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fortiborus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; anterior edge of pronotum produced anteriad, bearing a row of serrations (except.
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<taxonomicName id="08E14D48FFDFFFBB92166AD3A6EDFD6F" box="[571,733,655,679]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Fortiborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anisopterae">
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<emphasis id="FD95EAD9FFDFFFBB92166AD3A6EDFD6F" box="[571,733,655,679]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">F. anisopterae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); protibiae rounded (except in
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<taxonomicName id="08E14D48FFDFFFBB946B6AD3A0F3FD6F" box="[1094,1219,654,679]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Fortiborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indigens">
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<emphasis id="FD95EAD9FFDFFFBB946B6AD3A0F3FD6F" box="[1094,1219,654,679]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">F. indigens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), bearing seven or more denticles, protibial spur absent.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="9B9E6643FFDFFFBB90BA6C87A077FB15" box="[151,1095,1220,1244]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199746/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" targetBox="[418,1190,778,1188]" targetPageId="16">
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<paragraph id="CF5E36CBFFDFFFBB90BA6C87A077FB15" blockId="16.[151,1095,1220,1244]" box="[151,1095,1220,1244]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<emphasis id="FD95EAD9FFDFFFBB90BA6C87A529FB15" bold="true" box="[151,281,1220,1244]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="08E14D48FFDFFFBB910D6C86A628FB15" box="[288,536,1221,1244]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Fortiborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anisopterae">
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<emphasis id="FD95EAD9FFDFFFBB910D6C86A628FB15" box="[288,536,1221,1244]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fortiborus anisopterae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, a typical representative of the genus. Size: 5.2 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="87FB6540FFDFFFBB90EA6D4BA6E3F838" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="description">
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<paragraph id="CF5E36CBFFDFFFBB90EA6D4BA6E3F838" blockId="16.[151,1436,1288,2033]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<emphasis id="FD95EAD9FFDFFFBB90EA6D4BA569FAE8" bold="true" box="[199,345,1288,1313]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Description.</emphasis>
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This genus includes some of the largest xyleborine species (5.2-
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<quantity id="08199B2EFFDFFFBB94646D4AA0A0FAE8" box="[1097,1168,1289,1313]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
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). Color uniformly dark brown or black. Upper portion of eyes conspicuously large. Antennal club
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<typeStatus id="105A8869FFDFFFBB93F76D6DA03AFA8F" box="[986,1034,1326,1350]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">type</typeStatus>
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three (with first segment straight or convex), or four (first segment small, second and third prominent on both sides). First segment of antennal funicle longer than pedicel, its base stalk-like, funicle composed of 4 segments. Frons above epistoma rugged, coarsely punctate. Submentum shallowly to deeply impressed, shaped as very narrow triangle. Anterior edge of pronotum with distinct row of serrations, in most species conspicuously produced. Pronotum from lateral view tall (
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<typeStatus id="105A8869FFDFFFBB956E6DFEA145FA1C" box="[1347,1397,1469,1493]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">type</typeStatus>
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2), or rounded and robust (
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<typeStatus id="105A8869FFDFFFBB918C6DA2A5E3FA30" box="[417,467,1505,1529]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">type</typeStatus>
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5), from dorsal view subquadrate (
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<typeStatus id="105A8869FFDFFFBB934F6DA2A7A4FA30" box="[866,916,1505,1529]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">type</typeStatus>
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3), or quadrate, robust (
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<typeStatus id="105A8869FFDFFFBB948A6DA2A0E9FA30" box="[1191,1241,1505,1529]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">type</typeStatus>
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4). Pronotal disc shining or smoothly alutaceous, with small punctures, or densely and evenly punctured, lateral edge of pronotum obliquely costate, usually with pointed shoulder. Procoxae contiguous, prosternal posterocoxal process conical and slightly inflated. No mycangial tufts on pronotum or bases of elytra. Scutellum flat, flush with elytra. Elytral bases straight, with oblique edge. Elytral disc longer than declivity, slightly to distinctly convex, or distinctly concave. Punctures on elytral disc in strial lines. Boundary between elytral disc and declivity indistinct, end of disc rounded and smoothly transitioning into declivity. Lateral profile of elytral declivity convex, especially towards the apex, rarely steep, excavated in one species. Dorsal profile of elytral apex rounded, usually broadened laterally. Elytral declivity with few setae or scales, not conspicuously pubescent. Posterolateral declivital costa ending in 7th interstriae, in one species surrounding most of declivity. Declivital armature variable: devoid of tubercles, or uniform granules present, or no tubercles on interstria 1 (sutural) and several tubercles on interstriae 2, 3 and beyond, or tubercles on elevated costa around declivity. First interstriae parallel. Protibiae obliquely triangular, broadest at 2/3 of the length, or distinctly triangular, slender on the upper part, broad and denticulate on the lower part. Posterior side of protibia flat, with setae only. Protibial denticles small, bases of the denticles slightly enlarged, conical, 6 to 8 protibial denticles present.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="87FB6540FFDEFFBA90EA68D4A6C8FED5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="CF5E36CBFFDEFFBA90EA68D4A6C8FED5" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,320]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<emphasis id="FD95EAD9FFDEFFBA90EA68D4A57FFF79" bold="true" box="[199,335,151,176]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Comments.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="08E14D48FFDEFFBA917768DBA5E4FF79" box="[346,468,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Fortiborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="FD95EAD9FFDEFFBA917768DBA5E4FF79" box="[346,468,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fortiborus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was not included in the molecular phylogenetic analysis of
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<bibRefCitation id="AB704B3AFFDEFFBA94B468D4A1A8FF66" box="[1177,1432,151,176]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Hulcr, J. & Cognato, A. I. (2010) Repeated evolution of crop theft in fungus-farming ambrosia beetles. Evolution, 64 (11), 3205 - 3212." type="journal article">
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Cognato
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<emphasis id="FD95EAD9FFDEFFBA952968DAA170FF79" box="[1284,1344,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
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(2010)
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</bibRefCitation>
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. Taxonomic changes presented here are based only on morphological characters. When the cladogram (
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<figureCitation id="57DA2A4EFFDEFFBA951F68FFA148FF1D" box="[1330,1400,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="27.[151,255,1885,1909]" captionTargetBox="[310,1282,291,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[300,1282,267,1867]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 9. Morphology-based cladistic analysis of species previously placed in Euwallacea, Xyleborus, and several similar species of unclear affiliation. Combinable-component consensus of 72 MP trees, (113 steps). Numbers at nodes indicate Bremer support." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199748/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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) is rooted with
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<taxonomicName id="08E14D48FFDEFFBA910468A3A5AAFF31" box="[297,410,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="FD95EAD9FFDEFFBA910468A3A5AAFF31" box="[297,410,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Xyleborus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="08E14D48FFDEFFBA918268A3A603FF31" box="[431,563,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Euwallacea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="FD95EAD9FFDEFFBA918268A3A603FF31" box="[431,563,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Euwallacea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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appears to be paraphyletic with respect to
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<taxonomicName id="08E14D48FFDEFFBA941268A3A088FF31" box="[1087,1208,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Fortiborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="FD95EAD9FFDEFFBA941268A3A088FF31" box="[1087,1208,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fortiborus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. It is possible that
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<taxonomicName id="08E14D48FFDEFFBA90BA6947A520FED5" box="[151,272,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Fortiborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="FD95EAD9FFDEFFBA90BA6947A520FED5" box="[151,272,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fortiborus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is evolutionarily derived from
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<taxonomicName id="08E14D48FFDEFFBA92406947A6C1FED5" box="[621,753,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Euwallacea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="FD95EAD9FFDEFFBA92406947A6C1FED5" box="[621,753,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Euwallacea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="87FB6540FFDEFFBA90EA696BA77EFEF6" box="[199,846,295,320]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="CF5E36CBFFDEFFBA90EA696BA77EFEF6" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,320]" box="[199,846,295,320]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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|
<emphasis id="FD95EAD9FFDEFFBA90EA696BA57EFE89" bold="true" box="[199,334,296,320]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Etymology.</emphasis>
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L, masculine, name refers to the robust body.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |